JPWO2013141020A1 - Light guide plate, lighting device and lighting stand - Google Patents

Light guide plate, lighting device and lighting stand Download PDF

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JPWO2013141020A1
JPWO2013141020A1 JP2014506126A JP2014506126A JPWO2013141020A1 JP WO2013141020 A1 JPWO2013141020 A1 JP WO2013141020A1 JP 2014506126 A JP2014506126 A JP 2014506126A JP 2014506126 A JP2014506126 A JP 2014506126A JP WO2013141020 A1 JPWO2013141020 A1 JP WO2013141020A1
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light
guide plate
incident
light guide
angle
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谷尻　靖
靖 谷尻
佳恵 清水
佳恵 清水
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Konica Minolta Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S6/00—Lighting devices intended to be free-standing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0038—Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)

Abstract

射出面法線方向から40度以上に傾斜した方向に輝度ピークを有し、効率良く射出できる面発光の導光板と、この導光板を用いて、高効率で明るい照明装置及び照明スタンドを提供する。出射面に、反射面側から出射面側に向かうに連れて光源側にシフトするように傾斜した傾斜面を設けたので、反射面に全反射角を含む角度で入射し更に反射して出射面側に向かう光が、これに対向するように傾斜した傾斜面に入射したときに、フレネル反射を軽減でき、更に傾斜面で屈折して出射面の法線方向から前記光源から遠ざかる方向に４０度以上傾斜した角度範囲に輝度ピークを持つような輝度光を得ることができる。Provided is a surface-emitting light guide plate that has a luminance peak in a direction inclined by 40 degrees or more from the normal direction of the emission surface and can be emitted efficiently, and a highly efficient and bright illumination device and illumination stand using this light guide plate. . Since the exit surface is provided with an inclined surface that is inclined so as to shift from the reflecting surface side toward the exit surface side, it is incident on the reflecting surface at an angle including the total reflection angle and is further reflected. When light traveling toward the side is incident on an inclined surface that is inclined so as to face this, Fresnel reflection can be reduced, and further, 40 degrees in the direction away from the light source from the normal direction of the exit surface by being refracted by the inclined surface. Luminance light having a luminance peak in the inclined angle range can be obtained.

Description

本発明は、導光板、照明装置及び照明スタンドに関し、特に、効率よく照明できる導光板、照明装置及び照明スタンドに関する。   The present invention relates to a light guide plate, a lighting device, and a lighting stand, and more particularly, to a light guide plate, a lighting device, and a lighting stand that can illuminate efficiently.

発光ダイオードを用いた足元照明として、特許文献１に示すものが知られている。特許文献１の足元照明によれば、発光ダイオードに端面を向けた導光板において、出射面に対向する裏面に複数の導光溝を設けており、発光ダイオードから導光板内に入射した光を、導光溝で反射させることで、出射面から角度付けして出射することが出来る。従って、かかる足元灯を壁面に備えることによって、人の目がグレア（輝度ムラ）を感じることなく床面を照明できる。又、従来のバックライトにも、同様の構成を有するものがある。   As foot lighting using a light emitting diode, one shown in Patent Document 1 is known. According to the foot illumination of Patent Document 1, in the light guide plate with the end face directed to the light emitting diode, a plurality of light guide grooves are provided on the back surface facing the emission surface, and the light incident from the light emitting diode into the light guide plate is By reflecting the light from the light guide groove, the light can be emitted at an angle from the emission surface. Therefore, by providing such a foot lamp on the wall surface, it is possible to illuminate the floor surface without the human eye feeling glare (luminance unevenness). Some conventional backlights have the same configuration.

特開２００５−２５１７２０号公報JP 2005-251720 A

ここで、従来の足元灯に用いた導光板を照明スタンドとして流用する場合を考える。かかる場合、出射面の法線に対して光源から離れる側における４０度以上の範囲で輝度ピークを持つように、光を出射することが望まれる。しかし、特許文献１の構成で、出射角βが４０度以上の範囲で輝度ピークを持たせるようにすると、図２の特性に従えば、フレネル反射が増大して光取り出し効率が低下することとなる。   Here, the case where the light guide plate used for the conventional foot lamp is used as a lighting stand is considered. In such a case, it is desirable to emit light so as to have a luminance peak in a range of 40 degrees or more on the side away from the light source with respect to the normal of the emission surface. However, with the configuration of Patent Document 1, if the emission angle β is set to have a luminance peak in the range of 40 degrees or more, according to the characteristics of FIG. 2, Fresnel reflection increases and the light extraction efficiency decreases. Become.

本発明は、上記の事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、射出面法線方向から40度以上に傾斜した方向に輝度ピークを有し、効率良く射出できる面発光の導光板と、この導光板を用いて、高効率で明るい照明装置及び照明スタンドを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has a luminance peak in a direction inclined at 40 degrees or more from the normal direction of the emission surface, and a surface-emitting light guide plate that can be emitted efficiently, and this guide. An object is to provide a high-efficiency and bright illumination device and illumination stand using a light plate.

請求項１に記載の導光板は、互いに平行な反射面と出射面を備えてなり、光源から入射した光を前記反射面又は前記出射面で反射しつつ導光し前記出射面から出射する導光板であって、
前記導光板は屈折率が1.4より大きい媒質の素材から形成され、
前記出射面には、前記光源側から導光方向に向かうに連れて前記反射面に近づくように傾斜し、前記導光方向に配置された複数の傾斜面を有する光取り出し手段を有し、
前記光源からの光は、前記導光板に入射した後に、前記反射面又は前記出射面に全反射角を含む角度で入射し、前記傾斜面を透過屈折して、前記出射面の法線に対して、前記光源から遠ざかる方向に４０度以上傾斜した角度範囲に輝度ピークを有するように出射するように構成されている。The light guide plate according to claim 1 is provided with a reflection surface and an emission surface that are parallel to each other, and guides light that is incident from a light source while being reflected by the reflection surface or the emission surface and is emitted from the emission surface. A light plate,
The light guide plate is formed of a medium material having a refractive index greater than 1.4,
The exit surface is inclined to approach the reflection surface as it goes from the light source side toward the light guide direction, and has light extraction means having a plurality of inclined surfaces arranged in the light guide direction,
After the light from the light source is incident on the light guide plate, the light is incident on the reflection surface or the exit surface at an angle including a total reflection angle, is transmitted and refracted on the inclined surface, and is normal to the exit surface. The light is emitted so as to have a luminance peak in an angle range inclined by 40 degrees or more in a direction away from the light source.

請求項２に記載の導光板は、請求項１に記載の発明において、前記傾斜面の前記出射面に対する傾斜角度γは２５度〜６０度である。   A light guide plate according to a second aspect is the invention according to the first aspect, wherein an inclination angle γ of the inclined surface with respect to the emission surface is 25 degrees to 60 degrees.

請求項３に記載の導光板は、請求項１又は２に記載の発明において、前記傾斜面は前記出射面に設けた凸部に形成されている。   A light guide plate according to a third aspect is the invention according to the first or second aspect, wherein the inclined surface is formed on a convex portion provided on the emission surface.

請求項４に記載の導光板は、請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の発明において、前記傾斜面に拡散手段を備える。   A light guide plate according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the invention according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the inclined surface includes a diffusing unit.

請求項５に記載の導光板は、請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載の発明において、前記反射面と前記出射面に交差する端面を有し、前記端面が前記光源からの光を入射する入射面であり、前記入射面は、前記光源からの光を互いに異なる方向に偏向する第１偏向面と第２偏向面とを有し、前記光源からの光は、前記第１偏向面を透過した後に、前記反射面に向かうように偏向されて、前記反射面に対して全反射角を含む角度で入射し、一方、前記第２偏向面を透過した後に、前記出射面に向かうように偏向されて、前記出射面に対して全反射角を含む角度で入射し、その後前記光取り出し手段を透過して前記出射面より出射するように構成されている。   The light guide plate according to claim 5 has an end face intersecting the reflection surface and the emission surface in the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and the end face receives light from the light source. The incident surface has a first deflection surface and a second deflection surface for deflecting light from the light source in different directions, and the light from the light source is transmitted through the first deflection surface. After that, the light is deflected toward the reflection surface, and is incident on the reflection surface at an angle including a total reflection angle. On the other hand, after passing through the second deflection surface, the light is deflected toward the emission surface. Then, the light is incident on the emission surface at an angle including a total reflection angle, and then passes through the light extraction means and is emitted from the emission surface.

請求項６に記載の導光板は、請求項５に記載の発明において、前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面とは、異なる方向に傾斜した面である。   According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to the fifth aspect, the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface are surfaces inclined in different directions.

請求項７に記載の照明装置は、請求項１〜６のいずれかに記載の発明において、前記第１偏向面又は前記第２偏向面を透過した光は、最初に入射する前記反射面又は前記出射面で全反射するように構成されている。   The illumination device according to claim 7 is the illumination device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the light transmitted through the first deflection surface or the second deflection surface is incident on the reflection surface or the first incident surface. It is configured to totally reflect on the exit surface.

請求項８に記載の照明装置は、光源と、請求項１〜７のいずれかに記載の導光板とを有する。   The illuminating device of Claim 8 has a light source and the light-guide plate in any one of Claims 1-7.

請求項９に記載の照明装置は、請求項８の発明において、前記反射面と前記出射面に対して交差する端面に沿って所定の間隔で配置されている複数の点状光源を有する。   According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the invention of the eighth aspect, the lighting device includes a plurality of point light sources arranged at predetermined intervals along an end surface intersecting the reflection surface and the emission surface.

請求項１０に記載の照明装置は、請求項８又は９に記載の発明において、前記導光板の前記反射面に隣接して配置される反射板を備える。   A lighting device according to a tenth aspect is the invention according to the eighth or ninth aspect, comprising a reflecting plate disposed adjacent to the reflecting surface of the light guide plate.

請求項１１に記載の照明装置は、請求項８〜１０のいずれかに記載の発明において、前記導光板の前記出射面に隣接して配置される拡散板を備える。   An illuminating device according to an eleventh aspect is the invention according to any one of the eighth to tenth aspects, further comprising a diffusion plate disposed adjacent to the emission surface of the light guide plate.

請求項１２に記載の照明スタンドは、請求項８〜１１のいずれかに記載の照明装置を有す。   The illumination stand of Claim 12 has the illuminating device in any one of Claims 8-11.

本発明によれば、射出面法線方向から40度以上に傾斜した方向に輝度ピークを有し、効率良く射出できる面発光の導光板と、この導光板を用いて、高効率で明るい照明装置及び照明スタンドを提供することができる。   According to the present invention, a surface-emitting light guide plate that has a luminance peak in a direction inclined by 40 degrees or more from the normal direction of the exit surface and can be efficiently emitted, and a high-efficiency and bright illumination device using the light guide plate And a lighting stand can be provided.

従来例の問題を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the problem of a prior art example. フレネル反射の特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the characteristic of Fresnel reflection. 本発明に係る照明装置の概要を示す概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the outline | summary of the illuminating device which concerns on this invention. ＬＥＤ２と、第一実施形態の導光板１の一部のみを取り出して示す説明用の拡大断面図である。It is an expanded sectional view for explanation which takes out and shows only LED2 and a part of light guide plate 1 of a first embodiment. 第一実施形態の照明装置の照明光強度の角度特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the angle characteristic of the illumination light intensity of the illuminating device of 1st embodiment. ＬＥＤ２と、変形例にかかる導光板１の一部のみを取り出して示す説明用の拡大断面図である。It is an expanded sectional view for description which takes out and shows only LED2 and a part of light-guide plate 1 concerning a modification. 本発明に係る照明スタンドの概要を示す概略説明図である。It is a schematic explanatory drawing which shows the outline | summary of the illumination stand which concerns on this invention. 図７の照明スタンドによる被照射面の照度分布を示す概略平面図である。It is a schematic plan view which shows the illumination intensity distribution of the to-be-irradiated surface by the illumination stand of FIG. ＬＥＤ２と、第二実施形態の導光板１Ｂの一部のみを取り出して示す説明用の拡大断面図である。It is an expanded sectional view for explanation which takes out and shows only a part of LED2 and light guide plate 1B of a second embodiment. 第二実施形態の照明装置の照明光強度の角度特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the angle characteristic of the illumination light intensity of the illuminating device of 2nd embodiment. ＬＥＤ２と、第三実施形態の導光板１Ｃの一部のみを取り出して示す説明用の拡大断面図である。It is an expanded sectional view for explanation which takes out and shows only LED2 and a part of light guide plate 1C of a third embodiment. 第三実施形態の照明装置の照明光強度の角度特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the angle characteristic of the illumination light intensity of the illuminating device of 3rd embodiment.

以下に本発明の実施形態を、図面を参照して説明する。また、同一構成部材については同一の符号を用い、詳細な説明は適宜省略する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Moreover, the same code | symbol is used about the same structural member, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

本発明に係る照明装置は、面発光する照射面を備えた照明装置Ｕであって、例えば、図１に示すように、面発光する第１主面（出射面）１１、および、この第１主面に対向して平行に延在する第２主面（反射面）１２を備える導光板１と、第１主面１１と第２主面１２とに交差する方向に延在し該導光板１の入射面１３となる一つの側面部（一方の端面）に対向して配設される複数の発光素子２と、を備えて、発光素子２が射出する光を、導光板１内に導光して第１主面１１から射出する照明器具用の照明装置Ｕである。   The illuminating device according to the present invention is an illuminating device U having an irradiation surface that emits surface light. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a first main surface (outgoing surface) 11 that emits surface light, and the first A light guide plate 1 having a second main surface (reflective surface) 12 extending in parallel to face the main surface, and the light guide plate extending in a direction intersecting the first main surface 11 and the second main surface 12 And a plurality of light emitting elements 2 disposed to face one side surface portion (one end face) that becomes one incident surface 13, and guides light emitted from the light emitting elements 2 into the light guide plate 1. This is a lighting device U for a lighting fixture that emits light from the first main surface 11.

導光板１は、紙面に垂直な方向を長手方向とする平板状であって、第１主面１１を露出するようにして、発光素子２と共にケース３に一体的に収容されて構成される。   The light guide plate 1 has a flat plate shape whose longitudinal direction is perpendicular to the paper surface, and is configured to be integrally accommodated in the case 3 together with the light emitting element 2 so as to expose the first main surface 11.

発光素子２は、入射面１３の方向に照明光を射出する光源であればよく、例えば、線状の光源（冷陰極管）や入射面１３の長手方向に間隔をおいて配設する複数の点状光源（ＬＥＤ）を用いることができる。また、低消費電力で発光強度が高く、白色発光するＬＥＤを用いることが好ましい。そのために、本実施形態では白色ＬＥＤを用いることとした。
そのために、発光素子２に代えてＬＥＤ２として以後説明する。ＬＥＤ２は、ケース３内に収容される基板２１の長手方向（紙面に垂直な方向）に略等間隔（例えば、約１５ｍｍピッチ）で複数配列されている。The light emitting element 2 may be a light source that emits illumination light in the direction of the incident surface 13. For example, a linear light source (cold cathode tube) or a plurality of light sources arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the incident surface 13 may be used. A point light source (LED) can be used. Further, it is preferable to use an LED that emits white light with low power consumption and high emission intensity. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a white LED is used.
Therefore, it replaces with the light emitting element 2, and demonstrates from now on as LED2. A plurality of LEDs 2 are arranged at substantially equal intervals (for example, a pitch of about 15 mm) in the longitudinal direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface) of the substrate 21 accommodated in the case 3.

ＬＥＤ２は、白色ＬＥＤであり、青色ＬＥＤと、青色ＬＥＤからの光に励起されて所定波長の励起光を発光する蛍光体（例えば、黄色蛍光体）を組み合わせて白色発光するものである。また、白色ＬＥＤは、赤色ＬＥＤ、青色ＬＥＤ、緑色ＬＥＤを組み合わせた高演色ＬＥＤを用いてもよい。高演色ＬＥＤを用いることにより、高い色再現性の必要な用途に好適な照明装置を実現することが可能である。   The LED 2 is a white LED, and emits white light by combining a blue LED and a phosphor (for example, a yellow phosphor) that is excited by light from the blue LED and emits excitation light having a predetermined wavelength. The white LED may be a high color rendering LED that is a combination of a red LED, a blue LED, and a green LED. By using the high color rendering LED, it is possible to realize an illumination device suitable for an application requiring high color reproducibility.

基板２１は、例えば、入射面１３の長手方向の全幅程度の長さとされ、この基板２１に複数のチップ型のＬＥＤ２を所定ピッチで搭載する。このように、基板２１は、長手方向に一体とされるが、複数の基板に分け、それぞれを電気的に接続する構成としてもよい。
また、基板２１は、照明装置外部に配置される電源回路（不図示）とリード線により接続され、電気回路に設ける明るさ調整ボタンにより、ＬＥＤに流れる電流を調整することで、照明装置の明るさを調整可能である。For example, the substrate 21 has a length approximately equal to the entire width in the longitudinal direction of the incident surface 13, and a plurality of chip-type LEDs 2 are mounted on the substrate 21 at a predetermined pitch. Thus, although the board | substrate 21 is united in the longitudinal direction, it is good also as a structure which divides | segments into several board | substrates and each is electrically connected.
The substrate 21 is connected to a power supply circuit (not shown) arranged outside the lighting device by a lead wire, and the brightness of the lighting device is adjusted by adjusting the current flowing through the LEDs by a brightness adjustment button provided in the electric circuit. The height can be adjusted.

図４は、ＬＥＤ２と、導光板１の一部のみを取り出して示す説明用の拡大断面図である。図４において、入射面１３はＶ字溝状であり、導光板１の厚み方向中央を境界としてＬＥＤ２の外周側に近づくように傾いた第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂとを有する、よって、ＬＥＤ２の上半部から出射された光は、第１偏向平面１３ａで屈折して第２主面１２に向かい、ＬＥＤ２の下半部から出射された光は、第２偏向平面１３ｂで屈折して第１主面１１に向かうようになっている。   FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view for explanation showing only the LED 2 and a part of the light guide plate 1. In FIG. 4, the incident surface 13 has a V-shaped groove shape, and includes a first deflection plane 13 a and a second deflection plane 13 b that are inclined so as to approach the outer peripheral side of the LED 2 with the center in the thickness direction of the light guide plate 1 as a boundary. Therefore, the light emitted from the upper half of the LED 2 is refracted by the first deflection plane 13a and travels toward the second main surface 12, and the light emitted from the lower half of the LED 2 is refracted by the second deflection plane 13b. Then, it is directed to the first main surface 11.

ここで、第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂの傾斜角θは20度までが望ましい。
20度より大きく傾斜すると、ＬＥＤ２から出射した高強度の光が第１主面１１および第２主面１２で全反射成分とならず、ＬＥＤ２に近い位置で出射するなどして、導光性および光取り出し効率が悪化する。なお、第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂを20度傾斜させることにより、ＬＥＤ２から放射角70度（余弦0.34）で放出される低強度光まで入射し、かつ、入射面１３での入射角50度でフレネル反射は比較的小さくなる。Here, the inclination angle θ of the first deflection plane 13a and the second deflection plane 13b is desirably up to 20 degrees.
When the inclination is greater than 20 degrees, the high intensity light emitted from the LED 2 does not become a total reflection component on the first main surface 11 and the second main surface 12 and is emitted at a position close to the LED 2. Light extraction efficiency deteriorates. In addition, by tilting the first deflection plane 13a and the second deflection plane 13b by 20 degrees, the low-intensity light emitted from the LED 2 at a radiation angle of 70 degrees (cosine 0.34) is incident and incident on the incident plane 13 Fresnel reflection is relatively small at an angle of 50 degrees.

一方、別な観点から考えると、第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂの傾斜角θはatan（t／（2L））の角度以上が望ましい。ここで、図４を参照して、導光板厚みをt（ｍｍ）とし、入射面１３から導光板１の入射面と反対側の端面までの距離をL（ｍｍ）とする。ｔ＝３，Ｌ＝55の場合、atan（t／（2L））＝1.5度以上に設定することにより、入射面１３と反対側の端面に直接到達する導光光がなくなり、高強度光が光取り出し手段としての光取り出し手段１５に導かれ、極力往路で光取り出しできるので、導光往復による吸収やフレア光などの損失を防ぐことができる。   On the other hand, from another viewpoint, the inclination angle θ of the first deflection plane 13a and the second deflection plane 13b is preferably equal to or greater than an angle of atan (t / (2L)). Here, with reference to FIG. 4, the thickness of the light guide plate is t (mm), and the distance from the incident surface 13 to the end surface opposite to the incident surface of the light guide plate 1 is L (mm). When t = 3 and L = 55, by setting atan (t / (2L)) = 1.5 degrees or more, there is no guided light that directly reaches the end surface opposite to the incident surface 13, and high intensity light is emitted. Since the light can be extracted as far as possible by being guided to the light extraction means 15 as the light extraction means, it is possible to prevent loss due to light guide reciprocation and flare light.

更に、第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂから入射する全光束（エッジ回折光を除く）が、最初に入射する第１主面１１および第２主面１２に全反射角で入射すると好ましい。導光板１が屈折率1.5の素材から形成されている場合、第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂの傾斜角θ＝6度以下で、屈折した全入射光束が第１主面１１および第２主面１２で全反射することとなる。ただし、前述の通り、第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂは傾斜角θ＝1.5度以上で傾斜することが望ましい。本実施の形態では、第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂを、それぞれ１０度ずつ傾けている。   Furthermore, it is preferable that all light beams (excluding edge diffracted light) incident from the first deflection plane 13a and the second deflection plane 13b are incident on the first main surface 11 and the second main surface 12 that are incident first at a total reflection angle. . When the light guide plate 1 is formed of a material having a refractive index of 1.5, the refracted all incident light beams are refracted at the inclination angle θ of the first deflection plane 13a and the second deflection plane 13b of 6 ° or less and the first main surface 11 and the first deflection plane 13b. Two total reflections will occur at the main surface 12. However, as described above, it is desirable that the first deflection plane 13a and the second deflection plane 13b are inclined at an inclination angle θ = 1.5 degrees or more. In the present embodiment, the first deflection plane 13a and the second deflection plane 13b are each inclined by 10 degrees.

ＬＥＤ２から出射された光は入射面１３から入射し、導光板１内を導光される。すなわち、導光板１の下面（第１主面１１）と上面（第２主面）との間で光は全反射されながら導光され、第１主面１１に設けられた光取り出し手段１５に入射して全反射角から外れた光が、光取り出し手段１５を透過して第１主面１１から出射されて面発光する構成とされる。   The light emitted from the LED 2 enters from the incident surface 13 and is guided through the light guide plate 1. That is, light is guided between the lower surface (first main surface 11) and the upper surface (second main surface) of the light guide plate 1 while being totally reflected, and is directed to the light extraction means 15 provided on the first main surface 11. Light that is incident and deviates from the total reflection angle is transmitted through the light extraction means 15 and emitted from the first main surface 11 to emit light.

より具体的には、第１主面１１に光取り出し手段１５を設け、この光取り出し手段１５を介して、第１主面１１の垂線方向から所定角度偏向させて照明光を照射するようにしている。図４を参照して、第１主面１１の垂線と、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θは、４０度以上であることが好ましい。   More specifically, the light extraction means 15 is provided on the first main surface 11, and the illumination light is irradiated through the light extraction means 15 while being deflected by a predetermined angle from the perpendicular direction of the first main surface 11. Yes. Referring to FIG. 4, the angle θ formed between the perpendicular line of first main surface 11 and the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light is preferably 40 degrees or more.

図４に示す光取り出し手段１５は、第１主面１１に設けた紙面垂直方向に延在する複数のＶ溝を採用している。また、光取り出し手段１５を構成するＶ溝は、光源側の第１斜面Ｖ１Ａ（反射面側から出射面側に向かうに連れて光源側にシフトするように傾斜した傾斜面）と該第１斜面Ｖ１Ａと共に前記Ｖ溝を形成する第２斜面Ｖ２Ａとを有しており、この第１斜面Ｖ１Ａと第１主面１１との傾斜角度γ（ここでは３０度）を変えることで、第１主面１１の垂線方向から所定角度θ偏向する照明光の最大ピーク強度光の方向を調整することができる。   The light extraction means 15 shown in FIG. 4 employs a plurality of V grooves provided in the first main surface 11 and extending in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface. In addition, the V groove constituting the light extraction means 15 includes a first slope V1A on the light source side (a slope inclined so as to shift from the reflecting surface side toward the light source side) and the first slope. The first inclined surface V2A and the second inclined surface V2A that forms the V-groove together with the first inclined surface V1A, and changing the inclination angle γ (30 degrees in this case) between the first inclined surface V1A and the first principal surface 11 The direction of the maximum peak intensity light of the illumination light deflected by a predetermined angle θ from the normal direction of 11 can be adjusted.

ここで、導光板１は、屈折率が約１．４以上であり可視光を透過する透明な材料（例えば、屈折率が約１．５のＰＭＭＡ：アクリル）からなり、Ｖ溝状の光取り出し手段１５を追加工して形成することも、一体的に成形することもできる。また、この導光板１は、用途に応じて、ガラス材料、ＰＭＭＡ以外のアクリル、ポリカーボネートや、可塑性を有するシリコン樹脂シートなどでもよい。   Here, the light guide plate 1 is made of a transparent material having a refractive index of about 1.4 or more and transmitting visible light (for example, PMMA: acryl having a refractive index of about 1.5), and has a V-groove-shaped light extraction. The means 15 can be formed by additional machining or can be formed integrally. In addition, the light guide plate 1 may be a glass material, acrylic other than PMMA, polycarbonate, a silicon resin sheet having plasticity, or the like depending on applications.

光取り出し手段１５を構成するＶ溝は、入射面１３から所定距離内には設けない。例えば、光源から近い非配置領域Ｌｂ（約５ｍｍ）にはＶ溝を設けず、それより光源から遠い配置領域のみにＶ溝を設ける。入射面近傍にＶ溝を設けると、点状光源であるＬＥＤ２が離散的に配置されているので、入射光が混ざり合う前に反射されてしまい、照明装置の入射面近傍に輝線が生じて輝度分布にムラができる。そこで、非配置領域を設けて、入射光同士が重なり合った後で光路を偏向するようにしている。   The V groove constituting the light extraction means 15 is not provided within a predetermined distance from the incident surface 13. For example, the V-groove is not provided in the non-arrangement region Lb (about 5 mm) near the light source, and the V-groove is provided only in the arrangement region farther from the light source. When the V-groove is provided in the vicinity of the incident surface, the LED 2 that is a point light source is discretely arranged, so that the incident light is reflected before mixing, and a bright line is generated in the vicinity of the incident surface of the illumination device, resulting in luminance. The distribution is uneven. Therefore, a non-arrangement region is provided so that the optical path is deflected after the incident lights overlap each other.

導光板１を成形する金型の転写面に粗面加工を施すことで、第１斜面Ｖ１Ａを粗し面又は異方性拡散面として、拡散手段として拡散効果を持たせることができる。   By subjecting the transfer surface of the mold for forming the light guide plate 1 to a rough surface process, the first inclined surface V1A can be roughened or an anisotropic diffusion surface to have a diffusion effect as a diffusing means.

ＬＥＤ２から出射された光束は、第１主面１１と第２主面１２との間を全反射しながら導光され、光取り出し手段１５により屈折された光束が、第１主面１１から照明光として射出されるが、第２主面１２の外側に反射板４を配置することで、光取り出し手段１５に反射した後、第２主面１２の外側に漏れ出した光を反射して再び導光板１内に戻すことができ、第１主面１１から射出する照明光の強度を大きくすることができ、高効率の照明装置Ｕを実現することができる。   The light beam emitted from the LED 2 is guided while being totally reflected between the first main surface 11 and the second main surface 12, and the light beam refracted by the light extraction means 15 is emitted from the first main surface 11 as illumination light. However, by disposing the reflector 4 on the outside of the second main surface 12, the light leaked to the outside of the second main surface 12 after being reflected by the light extraction means 15 is reflected and guided again. It can return to the inside of the optical plate 1, the intensity | strength of the illumination light inject | emitted from the 1st main surface 11 can be enlarged, and the highly efficient illuminating device U can be implement | achieved.

反射板４は、その内面にミラー処理やミラーフィルムを貼付した樹脂板や、白色塗装の白色反射処理やミラー処理を施した反射面を有するアルミ板金などを用いることができる。また、導光板１を収容するケース３の内面を、例えば、アルミ製板金に白色塗装の白色反射処理やミラー処理を施した反射面として形成してもよく、反射フィルム（例えば、きもと社製のレフホワイト）を用いる構成としてもよい。   The reflecting plate 4 may be made of a resin plate having a mirror treatment or a mirror film attached to the inner surface thereof, an aluminum sheet metal having a reflecting surface subjected to white coating white reflection treatment or mirror treatment, or the like. Moreover, you may form the inner surface of case 3 which accommodates the light-guide plate 1 as a reflective surface which gave the white reflection process and the mirror process of the white coating to the aluminum sheet metal, for example, and a reflective film (for example, Kimoto company make) (Ref white) may be used.

また、導光板１Ａの下側には、空気層（例えば、０．５ｍｍ程度）を介して拡散板５が配設される。拡散板５を配設することにより、照明装置Ｕ１の射出面における照度ムラ、輝度ムラを低減することができる。特に、Ｖ溝特有のギラツキ感を抑制し、目に優しい高品位な照明装置を実現できる。   A diffusion plate 5 is disposed below the light guide plate 1A via an air layer (for example, about 0.5 mm). By disposing the diffusion plate 5, it is possible to reduce illuminance unevenness and luminance unevenness on the exit surface of the lighting device U <b> 1. In particular, it is possible to realize a high-quality lighting device that suppresses the glare unique to the V-groove and is easy on the eyes.

また、第１主面１１の外側に拡散板５を配置した構成であれば、光取り出し手段１５が離散的に配置される複数のＶ溝から構成されていても、射出面（第１主面１１）における照明光の照度ムラ（輝度ムラ）を低減して、均一で目に優しい高品位な照明装置Ｕを実現することが可能である。拡散板５は透光性を有する従来公知の樹脂拡散板や樹脂拡散フィルムを用いることができる。拡散板のヘイズ値は６５％である。尚、ヘイズ値とは、Ｔｄ／Ｔｔ×１００（％）で得られる値である。但し、Ｔｄ：拡散透過率、Ｔｔ：全光線透過率である。   Further, if the diffuser plate 5 is arranged outside the first main surface 11, even if the light extraction means 15 is composed of a plurality of V grooves that are discretely arranged, the emission surface (first main surface) It is possible to reduce the illuminance unevenness (luminance unevenness) of the illumination light in 11), and to realize a high-quality illumination device U that is uniform and gentle on the eyes. The diffusion plate 5 may be a conventionally known resin diffusion plate or resin diffusion film having translucency. The haze value of the diffuser plate is 65%. The haze value is a value obtained by Td / Tt × 100 (%). However, Td: diffuse transmittance, Tt: total light transmittance.

本実施の形態では、第１主面１１と第２主面１２とで全反射しながら導光する（屈折率1.5、反射角42度〜83度の導光光）ので、損失を低く抑えることができる。又、反射角83度から90度の導光光は、入射面により屈折した光源周辺光や入射面エッジによる回折光なので低強度となる。更に、反射角38度から42度で全反射しない導光光は、光源から周辺に出射される低強度の光であり、更に入射面でフレネル反射するため低強度である。つまり、高強度の光を全反射で導光するので高効率である。   In the present embodiment, light is guided while being totally reflected by the first main surface 11 and the second main surface 12 (light guide light having a refractive index of 1.5 and a reflection angle of 42 degrees to 83 degrees), so that the loss is kept low. Can do. In addition, the light guide light having a reflection angle of 83 to 90 degrees has a low intensity because it is light from the light source that has been refracted by the incident surface and diffracted light by the edge of the incident surface. Further, the guided light that is not totally reflected at a reflection angle of 38 to 42 degrees is low-intensity light that is emitted from the light source to the periphery, and is low-intensity because it is Fresnel-reflected on the incident surface. That is, since high intensity light is guided by total reflection, it is highly efficient.

また、図５に、この第一実施形態の照明装置Ｕの照明光強度の角度特性を示す。図中に示すｘｚ断面は、図３に示す照明装置Ｕの中心を通る紙面に平行な面、すなわち、射出面から机上面に至る照明空間の上下の面に相当し、図中に示すｙｚ断面は、照明装置Ｕの幅（紙面に垂直な方向）に平行な面に相当する。   FIG. 5 shows the angle characteristics of the illumination light intensity of the illumination device U of the first embodiment. The xz cross section shown in the figure corresponds to a plane parallel to the paper plane passing through the center of the illumination device U shown in FIG. 3, that is, the upper and lower planes of the illumination space from the exit surface to the desk surface, and the yz cross section shown in the figure. Corresponds to a plane parallel to the width of the lighting device U (the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing).

図５に示す照明光強度の角度特性はシミュレーションによる計算結果であるが、導光板１Ａの第１主面１１に所定形状のＶ溝からなる光取り出し手段１５を設けることで、ｘｚ断面の照明光強度ＲＡに示すように、照明装置Ｕの垂線方向から図中の右側方向に、すなわち、使用者側に所定角度傾いた照明光分布を示す。また、ｙｚ断面の照明光強度ＲＢに示すようにｙｚ断面方向には、略一様に変化する照明光分布であることが判る。   The angle characteristic of the illumination light intensity shown in FIG. 5 is a calculation result by simulation. By providing the light extraction means 15 formed of a V-groove having a predetermined shape on the first main surface 11 of the light guide plate 1A, the illumination light of the xz section is provided. As shown by the intensity RA, the illumination light distribution tilted by a predetermined angle from the perpendicular direction of the illumination device U to the right side in the drawing, that is, toward the user side is shown. Further, as shown in the illumination light intensity RB of the yz section, it can be seen that the illumination light distribution changes substantially uniformly in the yz section direction.

この場合、傾斜した第１傾斜面Ｖ１Ａで屈折して出射する高強度の射出光は、空気中入射角23度であり、フレネル反射が小さいため光取り出し効率が高い。又、発光面に平行な物体を照明すると、発光面余弦成分の影響により、第１主面１１の法線に対して光源から遠ざかる方向に53度方向に強度ピークを持つ高輝度射出光の存在により、照射される物体側で約40度以上の方向に高照度を得ることができる。尚、照明光強度ＲＡにおいて、20度付近の強度ピークは、傾斜した第１傾斜面Ｖ１Ａで反射したのち、第２主面１２の裏面に配置したケース３の拡散反射面で折り返し反射され、射出面を透過した射出光である。   In this case, the high-intensity emitted light that is refracted and emitted from the inclined first inclined surface V1A has an incident angle of 23 degrees in the air, and the Fresnel reflection is small, so that the light extraction efficiency is high. Also, when an object parallel to the light emitting surface is illuminated, the presence of high-intensity emitted light having an intensity peak in the direction of 53 degrees in the direction away from the light source with respect to the normal of the first main surface 11 due to the influence of the cosine component of the light emitting surface Thus, high illuminance can be obtained in a direction of about 40 degrees or more on the irradiated object side. In the illumination light intensity RA, an intensity peak near 20 degrees is reflected by the inclined first inclined surface V1A, and then reflected back by the diffuse reflection surface of the case 3 disposed on the back surface of the second main surface 12. Light emitted from the surface.

図６は、変形例にかかる導光板１を、ＬＥＤ２と共に示す断面図である。本変形例では、光取り出し手段としての凸部１５’を第１主面１１に突出して形成している。凸部１５’は、光源側の斜面Ｓ１と逆側の斜面（傾斜面）Ｓ２とからなる。斜面Ｓ２の傾斜角γは３０度である。それ以外の構成は、上述した実施の形態と同様である。このような凸部１５’は、金型に凹部を形成すれば転写できるので製造が容易で低コストを実現できる。   FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the light guide plate 1 according to the modification together with the LEDs 2. In this modification, a convex portion 15 ′ as a light extraction means is formed so as to protrude from the first main surface 11. The convex portion 15 'includes a light source side slope S1 and an opposite slope (inclined surface) S2. The slope angle γ of the slope S2 is 30 degrees. Other configurations are the same as those of the above-described embodiment. Such a convex portion 15 ′ can be transferred if a concave portion is formed in the mold, so that it can be manufactured easily and at a low cost.

図６において、ＬＥＤ２の上半部から出射された光は、第１偏向平面１３ａで屈折して第２主面１２に向かい、ＬＥＤ２の下半部から出射された光は、第２偏向平面１３ｂで屈折して第１主面１１に向かうようにして、導光板１内を導光した後、斜面Ｓ２に入射することにより反射拡散され、全反射角から外れた光束が、第１主面１１から照明光として射出される。このとき、第２主面１２で反射した光は、斜面Ｓ１に沿った方向に進行するので影になりにくく、光の取り出し効率を高めることができる。本変形例では、第１主面１１の法線に対して光源から遠ざかる方向にθ＝53度の角度で強度ピークを持つ高輝度光を出射できる。   In FIG. 6, the light emitted from the upper half of the LED 2 is refracted by the first deflection plane 13a and travels toward the second main surface 12, and the light emitted from the lower half of the LED 2 is the second deflection plane 13b. After being guided through the light guide plate 1 so as to be refracted at the first principal surface 11 and then incident on the inclined surface S2, the light flux that is reflected and diffused and deviates from the total reflection angle is reflected on the first principal surface 11. Is emitted as illumination light. At this time, the light reflected by the second main surface 12 travels in the direction along the slope S1, so that it does not easily become a shadow, and the light extraction efficiency can be increased. In this modification, it is possible to emit high-intensity light having an intensity peak at an angle of θ = 53 degrees in a direction away from the light source with respect to the normal line of the first main surface 11.

この第一実施形態の照明装置Ｕは、流し台用の照明灯や照明スタンドなどの照明器具に好適に適用することができる。そのために、この第一実施形態の照明装置Ｕを備えた照明器具である照明スタンドについて図７〜８を用いて説明する。尚、本発明の照明装置は、壁面に設置して床面を照明する足元照明にも適用可能である。   The lighting device U of the first embodiment can be suitably applied to lighting fixtures such as a sink lamp and a lighting stand. Therefore, the illumination stand which is a lighting fixture provided with the illuminating device U of this 1st embodiment is demonstrated using FIGS. In addition, the illuminating device of this invention is applicable also to the step illumination which installs on a wall surface and illuminates a floor surface.

図７に示す照明スタンドＳＴ１は、上記照明装置Ｕを用いた照明器具である。また、台座部３１と支柱３２とを備え、該支柱３２の先端側に照明装置Ｕを装着し、該照明装置Ｕの面発光する第１主面１１を被照明面（机上面）と略平行に設置している。   A lighting stand ST1 shown in FIG. 7 is a lighting fixture using the lighting device U. Moreover, the base part 31 and the support | pillar 32 are provided, the illuminating device U is mounted | worn with the front end side of this support | pillar 32, and the 1st main surface 11 which light-emits the surface of this illuminating device U is substantially parallel to a to-be-illuminated surface (desk upper surface). It is installed in.

照明装置Ｕは前述したように、使用者側に向かって４０度以上傾いた部位が最大強度となる照明光分布を示すので、図中の角度θMAXに示すように４０度以上使用者（観察者４０）側に傾いた方向に最大強度照明光を射出する。また、机上面３０から反射する反射光ＲＦが観察者４０の目に入る。As described above, the illuminating device U shows the illumination light distribution in which the portion inclined by 40 degrees or more toward the user side has the maximum intensity. Therefore, as shown by the angle θ MAX in FIG. The maximum intensity illumination light is emitted in a direction inclined to the person 40) side. Further, the reflected light RF reflected from the desk surface 30 enters the eyes of the observer 40.

明るさの程度を濃淡表示した図８に示すように、照明スタンドＳＴ１の照明装置Ｕの直下近傍が照度が高い。また、机奥側（ｘ軸の−側）よりも手前側（ｘ軸の＋側）の方がより照度が高い非対称型の照度分布を有する。   As shown in FIG. 8 in which the degree of brightness is displayed in shades, the illuminance is high in the vicinity immediately below the illumination device U of the illumination stand ST1. In addition, the front side (the + side of the x axis) has an asymmetric illumination distribution with higher illuminance than the back side of the desk (the − side of the x axis).

すなわち、照明スタンドＳＴ１を机上の奥に配置して、照明装置Ｕの射出面（第１主面１１）を机上面に対して平行に配設しても、最大強度照明光は観察者４０側に傾いているので、手元を十分明るく照明できる。   That is, even if the illumination stand ST1 is arranged in the back of the desk, and the emission surface (first main surface 11) of the illumination device U is arranged in parallel to the desk surface, the maximum intensity illumination light is on the viewer 40 side. Because it is tilted to the side, you can illuminate your hand sufficiently brightly.

従って、本実施形態に係る照明装置を用いることで、被照明領域を広範囲に亘って明るく照明し、且つ、照明が不要な領域への無駄な照明光を低減した高効率の照明器具を実現することができる。   Therefore, by using the illumination device according to the present embodiment, a highly efficient lighting apparatus that illuminates the illuminated area over a wide area and reduces unnecessary illumination light to an area that does not require illumination is realized. be able to.

次に、第二実施形態について図９〜図１０を用いて説明する。この第二実施形態の照明ユニットは、前述した第一実施形態の照明装置Ｕの導光板１を導光板１Ｂに替えた点が異なり、その他の構成は同じである。そのために、図９には、照明ユニットの要部構成として導光板１Ｂのみを表示する。   Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. The illumination unit of the second embodiment is different in that the light guide plate 1 of the illumination device U of the first embodiment described above is replaced with the light guide plate 1B, and the other configurations are the same. Therefore, in FIG. 9, only the light guide plate 1B is displayed as the main configuration of the illumination unit.

図９においては、第１斜面Ｖ１Ａの傾き角γ＝５０度である。それ以外の構成は、図４に示す構成と同様である。図１０に示す照明光強度の角度特性によれば、第１主面１１の法線に対して光源から遠ざかる方向にθ＝５５度の角度で強度ピークを持つ高輝度光を出射できる。射出強度が高い光は空気中入射角で5度であり、フレネル反射が小さいので高効率である。第１主面１１の直下0度付近のピークは、第１斜面Ｖ１Ａで反射したのち第２主面１２から出射し、その裏面に配置した拡散反射面で折り返し反射され、第１主面１１を透過した射出光である。   In FIG. 9, the inclination angle γ of the first slope V1A is 50 degrees. The other configuration is the same as the configuration shown in FIG. According to the angle characteristics of the illumination light intensity shown in FIG. 10, high-intensity light having an intensity peak at an angle of θ = 55 degrees in the direction away from the light source with respect to the normal line of the first main surface 11 can be emitted. Light with a high emission intensity is 5 degrees in the incident angle in the air, and since the Fresnel reflection is small, it is highly efficient. The peak near 0 degrees directly below the first main surface 11 is reflected by the first slope V1A, then emerges from the second main surface 12, and is reflected back by the diffuse reflection surface disposed on the back surface thereof. It is the transmitted emitted light.

このように、第１主面１１と第１斜面Ｖ１Ａをつなぐ第２斜面Ｖ２Ａの角度を、出射方向から逃がす方向に傾斜することで、指向性を向上させることができる。又、第１主面１１の下方に拡散板（ヘイズ率65％）を配置した場合でも、低拡散度の拡散板なので指向性を阻害する恐れは少ない。   Thus, directivity can be improved by inclining the angle of the 2nd slope V2A which connects the 1st main surface 11 and the 1st slope V1A in the direction which escapes from an outgoing direction. Further, even when a diffusion plate (haze ratio of 65%) is disposed below the first main surface 11, the diffusion plate has a low degree of diffusion, so there is little risk of hindering directivity.

次に、第三実施形態について図１１〜図１２を用いて説明する。この第三実施形態の照明ユニットは、前述した第一実施形態の照明装置Ｕの導光板１を導光板１Ｃに替えた点が異なり、その他の構成は同じである。そのために、図１１には、照明ユニットの要部構成として導光板１Ｃのみを表示する。   Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. The illumination unit of the third embodiment is different in that the light guide plate 1 of the illumination device U of the first embodiment described above is replaced with the light guide plate 1C, and the other configurations are the same. Therefore, in FIG. 11, only the light guide plate 1C is displayed as the main configuration of the illumination unit.

図１１においては、第１斜面Ｖ１Ａの傾き角γ＝６０度である。また、入射面１３を平面としている。それ以外の構成は、図４に示す構成と同様である。入射面１３を平面にした場合、全反射光の高強度光束の向きが10度近く第１主面１１に平行な方向となる。これに合せて傾斜面を60度とすることによって高効率に光取り出しが可能となる。   In FIG. 11, the inclination angle γ of the first slope V1A is 60 degrees. Further, the incident surface 13 is a flat surface. The other configuration is the same as the configuration shown in FIG. When the incident surface 13 is a flat surface, the direction of the high-intensity light beam of the total reflected light is nearly 10 degrees and parallel to the first main surface 11. Accordingly, the light can be extracted with high efficiency by setting the inclined surface to 60 degrees.

図１２に示す照明光強度の角度特性によれば、第１主面１１の法線に対して光源から遠ざかる方向にθ＝５６度の角度で強度ピークを持つ高輝度光を出射できる。射出強度が高い光は空気中入射角で４度であり、フレネル反射が小さいので高効率である。本実施形態では、第１主面１１の法線に対して、光源に近づく側に約２０度の角度で強度ピークが生じるが、これは傾斜角度60度で傾斜した第１斜面Ｖ１Ａで反射したのち第２主面１２から出射し、その裏面に配置した拡散反射面で折り返し反射され、第１主面１１を透過した射出光である。つまり、第１斜面Ｖ１Ａを、60度より大きな傾斜角とすると効率が悪くなることがわかる。尚、第１主面１１の下方に拡散板（ヘイズ率65％）を配置した場合、低拡散度の拡散板なので指向性を阻害する恐れは少ない。   According to the angle characteristic of the illumination light intensity shown in FIG. 12, high-intensity light having an intensity peak at an angle of θ = 56 degrees in the direction away from the light source with respect to the normal line of the first main surface 11 can be emitted. Light having a high emission intensity is 4 degrees in the incident angle in the air, and is highly efficient because the Fresnel reflection is small. In the present embodiment, an intensity peak occurs at an angle of about 20 degrees on the side closer to the light source with respect to the normal line of the first main surface 11, and this is reflected by the first inclined plane V1A inclined at an inclination angle of 60 degrees. After that, the emitted light is emitted from the second main surface 12, reflected back by the diffuse reflection surface disposed on the back surface thereof, and transmitted through the first main surface 11. In other words, it can be seen that the efficiency deteriorates when the first slope V1A has an inclination angle larger than 60 degrees. When a diffusion plate (haze ratio of 65%) is disposed below the first main surface 11, the diffusion plate has a low diffusivity, and there is little risk of hindering directivity.

本発明によれば、光取り出し手段１５を備えた照明装置Ｕを用いて、この照明装置Ｕを被照明領域の奥の方に設置しても、手前側の被照明領域を効率よく照明することができる照明器具、すなわち、低消費電力でありながら、手元を効率よく照明できる照明器具を得ることができる。   According to the present invention, even if the illumination device U is provided in the back of the illuminated area using the illumination apparatus U provided with the light extraction means 15, the illuminated area on the near side can be efficiently illuminated. It is possible to obtain a lighting fixture that can efficiently illuminate a hand while having low power consumption.

また、本実施形態に係る照明装置Ｕを装着して、該照明装置の面発光する第１主面１１を被照明面と略平行に設置して使用する構成とした照明スタンドは、この照明装置を被照明領域の奥の方に設置して第１主面を机上面と略平行にしても、使用者の手前側の被照明領域を効率よく照明することができる。すなわち、低消費電力でありながら、手元を効率よく照明できる照明スタンドを得ることができる。   Further, an illumination stand that is configured to be mounted and used with the illumination device U according to the present embodiment, and the first main surface 11 that emits the surface light of the illumination device is installed substantially parallel to the surface to be illuminated. Even if the first main surface is set substantially parallel to the desk surface by installing the projector in the back of the illuminated area, the illuminated area on the near side of the user can be efficiently illuminated. That is, it is possible to obtain an illumination stand that can illuminate the hand efficiently while having low power consumption.

上記したように、本発明に係る照明装置は、第１主面の外側に拡散板を配置しているので、光取り出し手段が離散的に配置されていても、射出面における照明光の照度ムラ（輝度ムラ）を低減して、均一で目に優しい高品位な照明装置を実現できる。また、光取り出し手段を介して発光素子（ＬＥＤ）からの光を所定角度偏向させて照明光として照射しているので、導光板の照明光を射出する主面の向かう方向とは異なる方向に強い光を照射可能な配光特性を有する。そのために、導光板を用いることにより、薄型、軽量であり、且つ、低消費電力でありながら、手元を効率よく照明できる照明器具および照明スタンドに好適な照明装置となる。   As described above, since the illuminating device according to the present invention has the diffuser plate arranged outside the first main surface, the illuminance unevenness of the illumination light on the exit surface even if the light extraction means are discretely arranged. (Brightness unevenness) can be reduced, and a high-quality lighting device that is uniform and easy on the eyes can be realized. Further, since the light from the light emitting element (LED) is deflected by a predetermined angle through the light extraction means and irradiated as illumination light, the light is strong in a direction different from the direction of the main surface emitting the illumination light of the light guide plate. It has a light distribution characteristic capable of irradiating light. Therefore, by using the light guide plate, the lighting device is suitable for a lighting fixture and a lighting stand that can illuminate a hand efficiently while being thin and lightweight and having low power consumption.

なお、本明細書において，導光板の出射面（第１主面１１）と反射面（第２主面１２）とが互いに平行であるとは、両面のなす角度が０〜５°の範囲内にあることを意味する。   In this specification, the exit surface (first main surface 11) and the reflecting surface (second main surface 12) of the light guide plate are parallel to each other when the angle formed by both surfaces is within a range of 0 to 5 °. Means that

上述のように、本明細書には，様々な実施形態が記載されているが、その中の主な技術をまとめると以下のとおりである。   As described above, various embodiments are described in the present specification. The main technologies in the embodiments are summarized as follows.

本実施形態の導光板は、互いに平行な反射面と出射面を備えてなり、光源から入射した光を前記反射面又は前記出射面で反射しつつ導光し前記出射面から出射する導光板であって、 前記導光板は屈折率が1.4より大きい媒質の素材から形成され、前記出射面には、前記光源側から導光方向に向かうに連れて前記反射面に近づくように傾斜し、前記導光方向に配置された複数の傾斜面を有する光取り出し手段を有し、前記光源からの光は、前記導光板に入射した後に、前記反射面又は前記出射面に全反射角を含む角度で入射し、前記傾斜面を透過屈折して、前記出射面の法線に対して、前記光源から遠ざかる方向に４０度以上傾斜した角度範囲に輝度ピークを有するように出射する。   The light guide plate of the present embodiment includes a reflective surface and an output surface that are parallel to each other. The light guide plate guides light incident from a light source while reflecting the light from the reflection surface or the output surface, and outputs the light from the output surface. The light guide plate is formed of a medium material having a refractive index greater than 1.4, and the light exit surface is inclined so as to approach the reflection surface from the light source side toward the light guide direction. A light extraction unit having a plurality of inclined surfaces arranged in a light direction; light from the light source is incident on the light guide plate and then incident on the reflection surface or the emission surface at an angle including a total reflection angle; Then, the inclined surface is transmitted and refracted and emitted so as to have a luminance peak in an angle range inclined by 40 degrees or more in the direction away from the light source with respect to the normal line of the emitting surface.

上記導光板によれば、前記出射面に、前記光源側から導光方向に向かうに連れて前記反射面に近づくように傾斜した傾斜面を設けたので、前記反射面に全反射角を含む角度で入射し更に反射して前記出射面側に向かう光が、これに対向するように傾斜した前記傾斜面に入射したときに、入射角が深くなるからフレネル反射を有効に軽減でき、更に前記傾斜面で屈折して前記出射面の法線方向から前記光源から遠ざかる方向に４０度以上傾斜した角度範囲に輝度ピークを持つような輝度光を得ることができる。尚、「輝度ピーク」は複数個存在していても良く、その場合の絶対値の大きさは問わないものとする。   According to the light guide plate, since the inclined surface that is inclined so as to approach the reflection surface from the light source side toward the light guide direction is provided on the emission surface, the angle including the total reflection angle on the reflection surface. When the light incident on and further reflected and traveling toward the exit surface enters the inclined surface inclined so as to face the incident surface, the incident angle becomes deeper, so that Fresnel reflection can be effectively reduced. Luminance light having a luminance peak in an angle range that is refracted by the surface and tilted by 40 degrees or more in the direction away from the light source from the normal direction of the emission surface can be obtained. Note that a plurality of “luminance peaks” may exist, and the magnitude of the absolute value in that case is not limited.

上記導光板において前記傾斜面の前記出射面に対する傾斜角度γは２５度〜６０度であることが好ましい。   In the light guide plate, an inclination angle γ of the inclined surface with respect to the exit surface is preferably 25 degrees to 60 degrees.

前記傾斜面の前記出射面に対する傾斜角度γが２５度〜６０度であると、前記傾斜面で屈折して前記出射面の法線方向から前記光源から遠ざかる方向に４０度以上傾斜した角度範囲に輝度ピークを持つような出射光を高い効率で得ることができる。   When the inclination angle γ of the inclined surface with respect to the emission surface is 25 ° to 60 °, the angle is inclined by 40 ° or more in the direction away from the normal direction of the emission surface and away from the light source. Output light having a luminance peak can be obtained with high efficiency.

上記導光板において前記傾斜面は前記出射面に設けた凸部に形成されていることが好ましい。   In the light guide plate, the inclined surface is preferably formed on a convex portion provided on the exit surface.

前記傾斜面を前記出射面に設けた凸部に形成したので、前記傾斜面と前記射出面とをつなぐ面が、前記反射面又は前記出射面で全反射する光を遮りにくくなり、光の取り出し効率を高めることができる。   Since the inclined surface is formed on the convex portion provided on the emission surface, the surface connecting the inclined surface and the emission surface is less likely to block light that is totally reflected by the reflection surface or the emission surface, and light extraction Efficiency can be increased.

上記導光板において前記傾斜面に拡散手段を備えることが好ましい。   The light guide plate preferably includes a diffusing unit on the inclined surface.

前記拡散手段により、前記傾斜面に入射した光が混合され出射光の強度ムラが減少して均一な照明を実現できる。ここで、拡散手段としては、例えば傾斜面を転写する転写面の面粗度を高めた金型により転写成形することで、傾斜面を粗し面とすることなどが考えられる。或いは、ＬＥＤ等の点状光源を複数個離散的に配置するときは、ＬＥＤの配列方向のピッチが大きい場合、光路偏向手段である傾斜面の拡散度は、LED配列方向により大きな拡散度を有する異方性拡散面でもよい。異方性拡散面は、サーフェスレリーフホログラム（特開２００９−１７０４３０の段落［００１１］参照）、または等方性散乱を有するブラスト面にヘアライン用の異方性散乱構造を組み合わせることにより実現できる。   By the diffusing means, the light incident on the inclined surface is mixed and unevenness in intensity of the emitted light is reduced, so that uniform illumination can be realized. Here, as the diffusing means, for example, it is conceivable that the inclined surface is roughened by transfer molding with a mold having a high surface roughness of the transfer surface to which the inclined surface is transferred. Alternatively, when a plurality of point light sources such as LEDs are discretely arranged, if the pitch in the LED arrangement direction is large, the diffusivity of the inclined surface as the optical path deflecting means has a larger diffusivity in the LED arrangement direction. An anisotropic diffusion surface may be used. An anisotropic diffusion surface can be realized by combining a surface relief hologram (see paragraph [0011] of JP-A-2009-170430) or a blast surface having isotropic scattering with an anisotropic scattering structure for a hairline.

上記導光板において、前記反射面と前記出射面に交差する端面を有し、前記端面が前記光源からの光を入射する入射面であり、前記入射面は、前記光源からの光を互いに異なる方向に偏向する第１偏向面と第２偏向面とを有し、前記光源からの光は、前記第１偏向面を透過した後に、前記反射面に向かうように偏向されて、前記反射面に対して全反射角を含む角度で入射し、一方、前記第２偏向面を透過した後に、前記出射面に向かうように偏向されて、前記出射面に対して全反射角を含む角度で入射し、その後前記光取り出し手段を透過して前記出射面より出射することが好ましい。   In the light guide plate, the light guide plate has an end surface intersecting with the reflection surface and the emission surface, and the end surface is an incident surface on which light from the light source is incident, and the incident surface has different directions of light from the light source. The light from the light source is deflected toward the reflection surface after passing through the first deflection surface, and is deflected with respect to the reflection surface. And incident at an angle including the total reflection angle, and after passing through the second deflection surface, is deflected toward the output surface and is incident at an angle including the total reflection angle on the output surface, Thereafter, it is preferable that the light is extracted from the exit surface through the light extraction means.

前記入射面を構成する前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面により光束分割された2つの光束が、前記反射面と前記出射面で全反射して、前記光取り出し手段に導かれるので、前記導光板内における光の往復導光回数を低下させ、これにより前記光源から出射した光がなるべく減衰しない内に前記光取り出し手段に入射することを促し、もって光取り出し効率を高めることができるのである。   The two light beams divided by the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface constituting the entrance surface are totally reflected by the reflection surface and the exit surface and guided to the light extraction unit. The number of times the light is reciprocated and guided in the light guide plate is reduced, thereby prompting the light emitted from the light source to enter the light extraction means without being attenuated as much as possible, thereby increasing the light extraction efficiency. .

上記導光板において、前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面とは、異なる方向に傾斜した面であることが好ましい。   In the light guide plate, it is preferable that the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface are surfaces inclined in different directions.

前記入射面に対向した前記光源から直接入射した光を、異なる方向に傾斜した前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面で分割するので、光の損失が少なく、また端面間における光の往復導光回数が減少して光取り出し効率が高くなる。   Light directly incident from the light source facing the incident surface is divided by the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface inclined in different directions, so that there is little light loss and light is reciprocated between end surfaces. The number of times of light decreases and the light extraction efficiency increases.

上記導光板において、前記第１偏向面又は前記第２偏向面を透過した光は、最初に入射する前記反射面又は前記出射面で全反射するように構成されている。   In the light guide plate, the light transmitted through the first deflection surface or the second deflection surface is configured to be totally reflected by the reflection surface or the emission surface that is incident first.

前記導光板のエッジなどで生じる回折光を除き、前記第１偏向面又は前記第２偏向面を透過もしくは反射した光が、最初に入射する前記反射面又は前記出射面で全反射するように２分割するので。低損失で明るい照明とすることができる。   2 except that light transmitted through or reflected by the first deflecting surface or the second deflecting surface is totally reflected by the first incident surface or the exit surface except for diffracted light generated at the edge of the light guide plate. Because it divides. Low loss and bright lighting.

本実施形態の照明装置は、光源と、上記導光板とを有する。   The illuminating device of this embodiment has a light source and the said light-guide plate.

これにより、高効率の配光制御が可能で、かつ、使用者の視線で観察したときの輝度ムラ（グレア）が小さく、斜め方向を照明できる照明装置を提供できる。   Accordingly, it is possible to provide an illuminating device that can perform light distribution control with high efficiency, has little luminance unevenness (glare) when observed with the user's line of sight, and can illuminate an oblique direction.

上記照明装置において、前記反射面と前記出射面に対して交差する端面に沿って所定の間隔で配置されている複数の点状光源を有することが好ましい。   The illumination device preferably includes a plurality of point light sources arranged at predetermined intervals along an end surface intersecting the reflection surface and the emission surface.

照明装置において、点状光源としては省電力を図れるＬＥＤ等を用いることが出来るが、単一では照度が低くなる場合がある。そこで、複数の点状光源を用いることで照度を高めることが出来、更に前記導光板で複数の前記点状光源から出射した光を混合することで、照度ムラの少ない照明光を射出できる。   In the lighting device, an LED or the like that can save power can be used as the point light source, but the illuminance may be low if it is single. Therefore, it is possible to increase the illuminance by using a plurality of point light sources, and furthermore, by mixing the light emitted from the plurality of point light sources with the light guide plate, it is possible to emit illumination light with less illuminance unevenness.

上記照明装置において、前記導光板の前記反射面に隣接して配置される反射板を備えることが好ましい。   The illuminating device preferably includes a reflecting plate disposed adjacent to the reflecting surface of the light guide plate.

前記反射面からも微量の光が洩れ出る場合もあるが、このような光を前記反射板で反射することで、前記出射面から出射させ、これにより更に光取り出し効率の高い照明装置を提供できる。   Although a small amount of light may leak from the reflecting surface, the light is reflected from the reflecting plate to be emitted from the emitting surface, thereby providing an illumination device with higher light extraction efficiency. .

上記照明装置において、前記導光板の前記出射面に隣接して配置される拡散板を備えることが好ましい。   The illumination device preferably includes a diffusion plate disposed adjacent to the emission surface of the light guide plate.

前記出射面から出射する光を前記拡散板で透過することにより、射出光を適度に広げて広範囲に照明できると共に、照度ムラを一層低減できる。   By transmitting the light emitted from the emission surface through the diffuser plate, the emitted light can be appropriately spread and illuminated over a wide range, and the illuminance unevenness can be further reduced.

本実施形態の照明スタンドは、上記照明装置を有する。   The lighting stand of this embodiment has the said illuminating device.

前記出射面の法線方向から大きく傾斜した方向を照明できるので、使用者頭部が邪魔にならず手元まで明るく照らせる照明スタンドを提供できる。又、使用者が発光面を観察しがちな前記出射面の法線方向の75度以上で、面発光と認識されるので、前記出射面を直接観察しても眩しさが抑制される。但し、本実施形態の照明装置を足元照明に用いても良い。かかる場合、壁面から大きく傾斜した床方向を照明できるので足元が明るく、床面に立つ使用者が眩しくなく、更に壁面位置を認識させることもできて夜間安全上も好ましい。   Since it is possible to illuminate a direction that is greatly inclined from the normal direction of the emission surface, it is possible to provide an illumination stand that can illuminate the user's head brightly without getting in the way. Further, since it is recognized as surface emission at 75 degrees or more in the normal direction of the emission surface, which the user tends to observe the light emission surface, glare is suppressed even when the emission surface is directly observed. However, you may use the illuminating device of this embodiment for step illumination. In such a case, since the floor direction greatly inclined from the wall surface can be illuminated, the feet are bright, the user standing on the floor is not dazzled, and the wall surface position can be recognized, which is preferable for night safety.

本発明に係る照明装置は、所定方向を効率よく照明することが求められる照明器具や照明スタンドなどに好適に適用することができる。   The lighting device according to the present invention can be suitably applied to a lighting fixture or a lighting stand that is required to efficiently illuminate a predetermined direction.

１，１Ａ，１Ｂ，１Ｃ 導光板
２ 発光素子（ＬＥＤ）
３ ケース
４ 反射板
５ 拡散板
１１ 第１主面
１２ 第２主面
１３ 入射面
１４ 端面
１５ 光取り出し手段
１５’ 凸部
１６ 光束分岐部
Ｖ１Ａ 第１斜面
Ｖ２Ａ 第２斜面
ＤＴ１ 三次元拡散ドット
Ｕ 照明装置
ＳＴ１ 照明スタンド（照明器具）1, 1A, 1B, 1C Light guide plate 2 Light emitting element (LED)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 Case 4 Reflector 5 Diffuser 11 1st main surface 12 2nd main surface 13 Incident surface 14 End surface 15 Light extraction means 15 'Convex part 16 Light beam splitting part V1A 1st slope V2A 2nd slope DT1 3D diffusion dot U illumination Equipment ST1 Lighting stand (lighting fixture)

Claims (12)

互いに平行な反射面と出射面を備えてなり、光源から入射した光を前記反射面又は前記出射面で反射しつつ導光し前記出射面から出射する導光板であって、
前記導光板は屈折率が1.4より大きい媒質の素材から形成され、
前記出射面には、前記光源側から導光方向に向かうに連れて前記反射面に近づくように傾斜し、前記導光方向に配置された複数の傾斜面を有する光取り出し手段を有し、
前記光源からの光は、前記導光板に入射した後に、前記反射面又は前記出射面に全反射角を含む角度で入射し、前記傾斜面を透過屈折して、前記出射面の法線に対して、前記光源から遠ざかる方向に４０度以上傾斜した角度範囲に輝度ピークを有するように出射するように構成されている導光板。A light guide plate that includes a reflective surface and an output surface parallel to each other, guides light incident from a light source while reflecting the light from the reflection surface or the output surface, and outputs the light from the output surface,
The light guide plate is formed of a medium material having a refractive index greater than 1.4,
The exit surface is inclined to approach the reflection surface as it goes from the light source side toward the light guide direction, and has light extraction means having a plurality of inclined surfaces arranged in the light guide direction,
After the light from the light source is incident on the light guide plate, the light is incident on the reflection surface or the exit surface at an angle including a total reflection angle, is transmitted and refracted on the inclined surface, and is normal to the exit surface. And a light guide plate configured to emit light having a luminance peak in an angle range inclined by 40 degrees or more in a direction away from the light source. 前記傾斜面の前記出射面に対する傾斜角度γは２５度〜６０度である請求項１に記載の導光板。   The light guide plate according to claim 1, wherein an inclination angle γ of the inclined surface with respect to the emission surface is 25 degrees to 60 degrees. 前記傾斜面は前記出射面に設けた凸部に形成されている請求項１又は２に記載の導光板。   The light guide plate according to claim 1, wherein the inclined surface is formed on a convex portion provided on the emission surface. 前記傾斜面に拡散手段を備える請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の導光板。   The light guide plate according to claim 1, further comprising a diffusing unit on the inclined surface. 前記反射面と前記出射面に交差する端面を有し、前記端面が前記光源からの光を入射する入射面であり、
前記入射面は、前記光源からの光を互いに異なる方向に偏向する第１偏向面と第２偏向面とを有し、
前記光源からの光は、前記第１偏向面を透過した後に、前記反射面に向かうように偏向されて、前記反射面に対して全反射角を含む角度で入射し、一方、前記第２偏向面を透過した後に、前記出射面に向かうように偏向されて、前記出射面に対して全反射角を含む角度で入射し、その後前記光取り出し手段を透過して前記出射面より出射するように構成されている請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載の導光板。Having an end surface intersecting the reflection surface and the exit surface, the end surface is an incident surface on which light from the light source is incident;
The incident surface has a first deflection surface and a second deflection surface for deflecting light from the light source in different directions,
The light from the light source passes through the first deflection surface, is then deflected toward the reflection surface, and is incident on the reflection surface at an angle including a total reflection angle, while the second deflection is performed. After passing through the surface, it is deflected toward the exit surface, is incident on the exit surface at an angle including a total reflection angle, and then passes through the light extraction means and exits from the exit surface. The light-guide plate in any one of Claims 1-4 comprised. 前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面とは、異なる方向に傾斜した面である請求項５に記載の導光板。   The light guide plate according to claim 5, wherein the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface are surfaces inclined in different directions. 前記第１偏向面又は前記第２偏向面を透過した光は、最初に入射する前記反射面又は前記出射面で全反射するように構成されている請求項５又は６に記載の導光板。   The light guide plate according to claim 5 or 6, wherein light transmitted through the first deflection surface or the second deflection surface is totally reflected by the reflection surface or the emission surface that is incident first. 光源と、請求項１〜７のいずれかに記載の導光板とを有する照明装置。   The illuminating device which has a light source and the light-guide plate in any one of Claims 1-7. 前記光源は、前記反射面と前記出射面に対して交差する端面に沿って所定の間隔で配置されている複数の点状光源を有する請求項８に記載の照明装置。   The lighting device according to claim 8, wherein the light source includes a plurality of point light sources arranged at a predetermined interval along an end surface intersecting the reflection surface and the emission surface. 前記導光板の前記反射面に隣接して配置される反射板を備える請求項８又は９に記載の照明装置。   The illuminating device of Claim 8 or 9 provided with the reflecting plate arrange | positioned adjacent to the said reflective surface of the said light-guide plate. 前記導光板の前記出射面に隣接して配置される拡散板を備える請求項８〜１０のいずれかに記載の照明装置。   The illuminating device according to any one of claims 8 to 10, further comprising a diffusion plate disposed adjacent to the light exit surface of the light guide plate. 請求項８〜１１のいずれかに記載の照明装置を有する照明スタンド。   The lighting stand which has an illuminating device in any one of Claims 8-11.
JP2014506126A 2012-03-23 2013-03-06 Light guide plate, lighting device and lighting stand Pending JPWO2013141020A1 (en)

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