JPWO2013035788A1 - Lighting device and lighting stand - Google Patents

Lighting device and lighting stand Download PDF

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JPWO2013035788A1
JPWO2013035788A1 JP2013532640A JP2013532640A JPWO2013035788A1 JP WO2013035788 A1 JPWO2013035788 A1 JP WO2013035788A1 JP 2013532640 A JP2013532640 A JP 2013532640A JP 2013532640 A JP2013532640 A JP 2013532640A JP WO2013035788 A1 JPWO2013035788 A1 JP WO2013035788A1
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light
main surface
light guide
guide plate
angle
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佳恵 清水
佳恵 清水
谷尻　靖
靖 谷尻
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Konica Minolta Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S6/00—Lighting devices intended to be free-standing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S6/00—Lighting devices intended to be free-standing
    • F21S6/002—Table lamps, e.g. for ambient lighting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/002—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0038—Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F21Y2103/10—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes comprising a linear array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

導光板の照明光を射出する主面の向かう方向とは異なる方向に強い光を照射可能な照明装置、および、この照明装置を備えて、低消費電力でありながら、手元を効率よく照明できる照明スタンドを提供する。発光素子２が射出する光を導光板１内で導光して第１主面１１から射出する照明器具用の照明装置Ｕにおいて、第１主面１１もしくは第２主面１２のいずれかに光取り出し部１５を設け、光取り出し部１５により、第１主面の垂線方向から所定角度偏向させて照明光を照射する構成とし、この照明装置Ｕを用いた照明器具および照明スタンドＳＴ１とした。An illumination device capable of irradiating strong light in a direction different from the direction of the main surface emitting the illumination light of the light guide plate, and illumination that can illuminate the hand efficiently while having low power consumption, with this illumination device Provide a stand. In the lighting device U for a lighting fixture that guides the light emitted from the light emitting element 2 within the light guide plate 1 and emits the light from the first main surface 11, the light is applied to either the first main surface 11 or the second main surface 12. An extraction unit 15 is provided, and the light extraction unit 15 is configured to irradiate illumination light with a predetermined angle deflected from the normal direction of the first main surface, and the illumination apparatus U and the illumination stand ST1 are configured using the illumination device U.

Description

本発明は、照明装置および照明スタンドに関する。   The present invention relates to a lighting device and a lighting stand.

従来から、液晶パネルのバックライトの光源として、蛍光灯を用いたものが広く使われている（特許文献１，３参照）。特にエッジライト型のバックライトは、液晶パネルの背面側に導光板を配置し、この導光板の側部に蛍光灯等の光源を配置している。この場合、光源は液晶パネルの占める領域から外れた位置に配置され、光は導光板の内部で全反射しつつ伝播するので、輝度ムラが大きくならず、かつ装置全体の厚みを薄くできるというメリットがある。   Conventionally, fluorescent lamps have been widely used as light sources for backlights of liquid crystal panels (see Patent Documents 1 and 3). In particular, an edge light type backlight has a light guide plate disposed on the back side of a liquid crystal panel, and a light source such as a fluorescent lamp is disposed on a side portion of the light guide plate. In this case, the light source is arranged at a position outside the area occupied by the liquid crystal panel, and the light propagates while being totally reflected inside the light guide plate, so that the luminance unevenness does not increase and the thickness of the entire apparatus can be reduced. There is.

ここで、特許文献１の技術によれば、光源と導光板間に配置した集光器により光源光を平行光に近づけて導光板に入射させることによって、光利用効率を向上しながら導光板垂直方向への射出光を均一にして液晶等に好適なバックライトを得ることができる。   Here, according to the technique of Patent Document 1, the light source plate is made perpendicular to the light guide plate while improving the light utilization efficiency by causing the light source light to approach the parallel light and enter the light guide plate by the light collector disposed between the light source and the light guide plate. A backlight suitable for a liquid crystal or the like can be obtained by making the emitted light in the direction uniform.

一方、特許文献２には、光源と、この光源の周囲を覆って一端側の投光開口から光を照射する反射鏡と、反射鏡の投光開口に接続されて入射された光源からの光を導光するとともに所要周面から出射する中空のガイド部とからなるライトガイドが開示されている。かかるライトガイドは、反射鏡の投光開口からガイド部に入射する光を複数方向に分けるとともに光を所要方向に指向させる光分割導光手段を設けている。ライトガイド内面での反射による導光ではなく、光分割導光手段によってガイド部の所定の部位まで導光している。   On the other hand, Patent Document 2 discloses a light source, a reflecting mirror that covers the periphery of the light source and irradiates light from a light projecting opening on one end side, and light from a light source incident upon being connected to the light projecting opening of the reflecting mirror. And a light guide including a hollow guide portion that emits light from a required peripheral surface. Such a light guide is provided with light splitting light guiding means for dividing light incident on the guide portion from the light projection opening of the reflecting mirror into a plurality of directions and directing the light in a required direction. The light is not guided by reflection on the inner surface of the light guide, but is guided to a predetermined portion of the guide portion by the light splitting light guide means.

近年、発光効率の向上や発光量の増加と共に、寿命が長く消費電力が小さくて、環境にやさしいとされるＬＥＤ（Light Emitting Diode：発光ダイオード）を用いた照明装置が実用化されつつある。また、青色ＬＥＤチップが開発されて以来、この青色ＬＥＤチップと、このＬＥＤチップからの光に励起されて所定波長の励起光を発光する蛍光体と、を組み合わせて白色発光する白色ＬＥＤ光源や、青色ＬＥＤチップと緑色ＬＥＤチップと赤色ＬＥＤチップとの三原色のＬＥＤチップを用いて白色光を合成する白色ＬＥＤ光源が開発されている。   2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, lighting devices using LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes), which have long life and low power consumption and are environmentally friendly, have been put into practical use along with improvement in luminous efficiency and increase in light emission amount. Since the blue LED chip was developed, a white LED light source that emits white light by combining the blue LED chip and a phosphor that is excited by light from the LED chip and emits excitation light of a predetermined wavelength, A white LED light source that synthesizes white light using three primary color LED chips of a blue LED chip, a green LED chip, and a red LED chip has been developed.

そのために、照明器具の照明装置として、この白色ＬＥＤ光源を配設したＬＥＤ照明装置が用いられている。特に、照明スタンド用の照明装置として、消費電力が小さく、発熱も小さいＬＥＤ光源を用いることが模索されており、例えば、複数のＬＥＤと導光板を用いた照明スタンド用の照明装置が既に提案されている（例えば、特許文献４参照）。   For this purpose, an LED illumination device provided with this white LED light source is used as an illumination device for a lighting fixture. In particular, as an illumination device for an illumination stand, it has been sought to use an LED light source that consumes less power and generates less heat. For example, an illumination device for an illumination stand that uses a plurality of LEDs and a light guide plate has already been proposed. (For example, see Patent Document 4).

特開平０６−１７４９２９号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-174929 特開２００１−１４９１９号公報JP 2001-14919 A 国際特許公開第２００６／０１３９６９号パンフレットInternational Patent Publication No. 2006/013969 Pamphlet 特開２００７−５９２８５号公報JP 2007-59285 A

導光板の側端面からＬＥＤ等の発光素子の光を入射して導光板内を導光し、主表面から照射することで、広範囲を均一に照射可能な照明器具を構築することができる。しかし、特許文献４に記載された照明器具でも同じであるが、導光板からの射出光が、主面に略垂直に射出される構成であるので、机上面と導光板を平行に配置した場合に、照明器具の直下が最大照度となり、同心円状に徐々に照度が低下する照度分布を有する。   By illuminating light from a light emitting element such as an LED from the side end face of the light guide plate, guiding the light through the light guide plate, and irradiating from the main surface, it is possible to construct a lighting fixture capable of uniformly irradiating a wide range. However, the same applies to the luminaire described in Patent Document 4, but since the light emitted from the light guide plate is emitted substantially perpendicular to the main surface, the desk top surface and the light guide plate are arranged in parallel. In addition, the illuminance distribution has a maximum illuminance immediately below the lighting fixture, and the illuminance gradually decreases concentrically.

そのために、特許文献４に記載された照明器具を机の奥に配置したときは、照明器具の直下は明るいが使用者の手元が暗くなりやすく、十分な照度を得ることができない。手元まで明るく照明しようとすると、照明光を射出する主面を大きくするか、発光素子の発光強度を上げる必要が生じて、装置の大型化や消費電力の増加を招く。   Therefore, when the lighting fixture described in Patent Document 4 is placed in the back of the desk, the user's hand is likely to be dark but bright under the lighting fixture, and sufficient illuminance cannot be obtained. In order to illuminate brightly to the hand, it is necessary to enlarge the main surface from which the illumination light is emitted or increase the light emission intensity of the light emitting element, leading to an increase in the size of the device and an increase in power consumption.

また、使用者から遠い照明器具の背面側は、一般的に照明が不要か暗くてもよい領域であるので、このような領域に照明領域と同等の照明光を照射することは無駄が大きくなり好ましくない。   In addition, since the back side of the luminaire far from the user is an area that generally does not require illumination or may be dark, it is wasteful to irradiate such areas with illumination light equivalent to the illumination area. It is not preferable.

導光板の向きを変えたり、導光板を屈曲させたりして、照明光の照射方向を調整することは可能であるが、照明光が手前側に向かうように角度調整すると、使用者が顔を上げたときに、照明光の一部が直接使用者の目に入り、眩しさを感じるので好ましくない。また、傾けることにより、照明器具と机上との距離が長くなるため、手前まで効率的に明るく照らすことが困難となる。   It is possible to adjust the direction of illumination light by changing the direction of the light guide plate or bending the light guide plate, but if the angle is adjusted so that the illumination light is directed toward the front, the user When raised, a part of the illumination light directly enters the eyes of the user and feels dazzling, which is not preferable. In addition, since the distance between the lighting fixture and the desk is increased by tilting, it is difficult to efficiently illuminate the front efficiently.

特許文献１の技術では、平行に近い光束で導光板の光源から遠い側まで到達させて均一輝度を得るため、導光板端面で往復を繰り返している間に光が導光板や他の部材に吸収されたり、不要な角度にフレア光として射出したりするため、導光ロスが生じて射出光が暗くなるという問題がある。また、特許文献１の技術では、ライトガイドの内面反射を用いずに射出するので、輝度面を均一化するために大きな拡散が必要で、指向性を持たせるのが難しいという問題がある。このような問題は、照明装置を照明スタンドとして用いるような場合に特に顕在化する。   In the technique of Patent Document 1, light is absorbed by the light guide plate and other members while repeating reciprocation at the end face of the light guide plate in order to obtain a uniform brightness by reaching the far side from the light source of the light guide plate with a light beam close to parallel. Or emitted as flare light at an unnecessary angle, there is a problem that light guide loss occurs and the emitted light becomes dark. Further, in the technique of Patent Document 1, since light is emitted without using internal reflection of the light guide, there is a problem that a large diffusion is required to make the luminance surface uniform and it is difficult to provide directivity. Such a problem becomes particularly apparent when the lighting device is used as a lighting stand.

本発明は、上記の事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、導光板の照明光を射出する主面の向かう方向とは異なる方向に強い光を照射可能な照明装置、および、この照明装置を備えて、低消費電力でありながら、手元を効率よく照明できる照明スタンドを提供することを第１の目的とする。   This invention is made in view of said situation, Comprising: The illuminating device which can irradiate strong light in the direction different from the direction which the main surface which inject | emits the illumination light of a light-guide plate goes, and this illuminating device The first object is to provide a lighting stand that can efficiently illuminate a hand while having low power consumption.

また、本発明は、光源からの光束を分割して全反射しつつ導光し、かつ分割された光束を同一方向に射出可能な導光板を用いることにより高い効率と高い照度を得られる照明装置を提供することを第２の目的とする。   The present invention also provides a lighting device that can obtain high efficiency and high illuminance by using a light guide plate that splits a light beam from a light source, guides it while totally reflecting it, and emits the split light beam in the same direction. The second object is to provide the above.

本発明による照明装置は、
第１主面および前記第１主面に対向する第２主面と、前記第１主面と前記第２主面とに交差する方向に延在する側面部とを備える導光板と、
前記側面部の長手方向に延びる光源と、を備え、
前記光源が放射する光を、前記第１主面および前記第２主面で反射しつつ前記導光板内で導光して前記第１主面から射出する照明器具用の照明装置であって、
前記第１主面もしくは前記第２主面のいずれかに、前記導光板内の光路を偏向して前記第１主面への入射角を全反射角よりも小さい角度とすることで前記第１主面から光を取り出す光取り出し部が設けられており、
前記第１主面の垂線方向から所定角度偏向させて照明光を照射すると共に、前記第１主面の垂線と出射光の最大強度方向とのなす角度θmaxが、１０°＜θmax＜４０°を満たす。
The lighting device according to the present invention comprises:
A light guide plate comprising a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface; and a side surface portion extending in a direction intersecting the first main surface and the second main surface;
A light source extending in the longitudinal direction of the side surface,
A lighting device for a lighting fixture that guides light emitted from the light source within the light guide plate while being reflected by the first main surface and the second main surface, and emits the light from the first main surface,
By deflecting the optical path in the light guide plate to either the first main surface or the second main surface, the angle of incidence on the first main surface is made smaller than the total reflection angle. A light extraction part that extracts light from the main surface is provided,
The illumination light is irradiated with a predetermined angle deflected from the normal direction of the first main surface, and the angle θ max formed between the normal of the first main surface and the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light is 10 ° <θ max <40. Meet °.

この照明装置によれば、導光板内の光路を偏向して第１主面への入射角を全反射角よりも小さい角度とすることで第１主面から光を取り出す光取り出し部が設けられ、第１主面の垂線方向から所定角度偏向させて照明光を照射し、第１主面の垂線と出射光の最大強度方向とのなす角度θmaxが、１０°＜θmax＜４０°を満たすので、導光板の照明光を射出する主面の向かう方向とは異なる方向に強い光を照射可能な照明装置を実現できる。According to this illuminating device, the light extraction part which takes out light from the 1st main surface by deflecting the optical path in a light-guide plate and making the incident angle to a 1st main surface smaller than a total reflection angle is provided. The illumination light is irradiated with a predetermined angle deflected from the normal direction of the first main surface, and the angle θ max formed by the normal of the first main surface and the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light satisfies 10 ° <θ max <40 °. Since it satisfy | fills, the illuminating device which can irradiate strong light in the direction different from the direction where the main surface which inject | emits the illumination light of a light-guide plate goes is realizable.

本発明による別の照明装置は、
第１主面および前記第１主面に対向する第２主面と、前記第１主面と前記第２主面とに交差する方向に延在する側面部とを備える導光板と、
前記側面部の長手方向に延びる光源と、を備え、
前記光源が放射する光を、前記第１主面および前記第２主面で反射しつつ前記導光板内で導光して前記第１主面から射出する照明器具用の照明装置であって、
前記導光板は屈折率が1.4より大きい媒質の素材から形成され、前記第１主面もしくは前記第２主面のいずれかに、前記導光板内の光路を偏向して前記第１主面への入射角を全反射角よりも小さい角度とすることで前記第１主面から光を取り出す光取り出し部を備え、前記側面部は前記側面部に入射する光を分割する第１偏向面と第２偏向面とを備え、
前記光源からの光は、前記第１偏向面と第２偏向面とを透過もしくは反射した後に、前記導光板内で反射して導光され、
前記導光板内を導光される光のうち、前記第１偏向面を透過もしくは反射した光と、前記第２偏向面を透過もしくは反射した光の双方が、前記光取り出し部に入射した後に、前記第１主面から前記第１主面の垂線に対して同一の方向に出射するように構成されている。Another lighting device according to the invention is:
A light guide plate comprising a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface; and a side surface portion extending in a direction intersecting the first main surface and the second main surface;
A light source extending in the longitudinal direction of the side surface,
A lighting device for a lighting fixture that guides light emitted from the light source within the light guide plate while being reflected by the first main surface and the second main surface, and emits the light from the first main surface,
The light guide plate is formed of a medium material having a refractive index greater than 1.4, and deflects an optical path in the light guide plate to the first main surface to either the first main surface or the second main surface. A light extraction portion that extracts light from the first main surface by setting the incident angle to be smaller than the total reflection angle, and the side surface portion includes a first deflection surface that divides the light incident on the side surface portion, and a second deflection surface. A deflection surface,
The light from the light source is transmitted through or reflected by the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface, and then reflected and guided in the light guide plate.
Of the light guided in the light guide plate, both the light transmitted or reflected by the first deflection surface and the light transmitted or reflected by the second deflection surface are incident on the light extraction unit. The first main surface is configured to emit light in the same direction with respect to the normal of the first main surface.

この照明装置によれば、光源からの光束を分割して全反射しつつ導光し、かつ分割された光束を同一方向に射出可能な導光板を用いることにより高い効率と高い照度を得られる照明装置を実現できる。   According to this illuminating device, it is possible to obtain high efficiency and high illuminance by using a light guide plate that splits a light beam from a light source, guides it while totally reflecting it, and emits the split light beam in the same direction. A device can be realized.

本発明による照明スタンドは、上述の照明装置を用いた照明スタンドであって、台座部と支柱とを備え、前記支柱の先端側に前記照明装置を装着し、前記照明装置の第１主面を被照明面と平行に配置して使用し、前記照明装置からの出射光は前記支柱が配置される側から遠ざかる方向に傾斜した角度で出射する。   An illumination stand according to the present invention is an illumination stand using the above-described illumination device, and includes a pedestal portion and a support column, the illumination device is mounted on a tip end side of the support column, and the first main surface of the illumination device is provided. The light emitted from the illuminating device is emitted at an angle inclined in a direction away from the side where the column is disposed.

この照明スタンドによれば、上述の照明装置を用いることで、照明装置の第１主面を被照明面と平行に配置し、照明装置を被照明領域の奥の方に設置しても、手前側の被照明領域を効率よく照明することができるので、低消費電力でありながら、手元を効率よく照明できる照明器具を得ることができる。   According to this lighting stand, by using the above-described lighting device, the first main surface of the lighting device is arranged in parallel with the surface to be illuminated, and the lighting device is placed in the front of the illuminated region. Since the illuminated area on the side can be efficiently illuminated, it is possible to obtain a lighting fixture that can efficiently illuminate the hand with low power consumption.

本発明によれば、導光板の照明光を射出する主面の向かう方向とは異なる方向に強い光を照射可能な照明装置、および、この照明装置を備えて、低消費電力でありながら、手元を効率よく照明できる照明スタンドを提供することができる。   According to the present invention, the illumination device capable of irradiating strong light in a direction different from the direction of the main surface emitting the illumination light of the light guide plate, and the illumination device including the illumination device, with low power consumption and at hand It is possible to provide a lighting stand that can efficiently illuminate the light.

また、本発明によれば、光源からの光束を分割して全反射しつつ導光し、かつ分割された光束を同一方向に射出可能な導光板を用いることにより高い効率と高い照度を得られ、薄型、軽量である照明装置、および、この照明装置を備えて、低消費電力でありながら、手元を効率よく照明できる照明スタンドを提供することができる。   In addition, according to the present invention, high efficiency and high illuminance can be obtained by using a light guide plate that splits a light beam from a light source, guides it while totally reflecting it, and emits the split light beam in the same direction. It is possible to provide an illumination device that is thin and lightweight, and an illumination stand that includes this illumination device and can illuminate a hand efficiently while having low power consumption.

第一実施形態に係る照明装置の概要を示す概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the outline | summary of the illuminating device which concerns on 1st embodiment. ＬＥＤ２と、導光板１の一部のみを取り出して示す説明用の拡大断面図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory enlarged sectional view showing only a part of the LED 2 and the light guide plate 1. ＬＥＤ２と、導光板１の一部のみを取り出して示す説明用の拡大断面図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory enlarged sectional view showing only a part of the LED 2 and the light guide plate 1. ＬＥＤ２と、変形例の導光板１の一部のみを取り出して示す説明用の拡大断面図である。It is an expanded sectional view for explanation which takes out and shows only LED2 and a part of light guide plate 1 of a modification. 図１の照明装置が備える導光板を示す概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the light-guide plate with which the illuminating device of FIG. 1 is provided. 第一実施形態の照明装置の最大強度照明光の方向を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the direction of the maximum intensity illumination light of the illuminating device of 1st embodiment. 第一実施形態の照明装置の照明光強度の角度特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the angle characteristic of the illumination light intensity of the illuminating device of 1st embodiment. 本発明に係る照明スタンドの概要を示す概略説明図である。It is a schematic explanatory drawing which shows the outline | summary of the illumination stand which concerns on this invention. 図７の照明スタンドによる被照射面の照度分布を示す概略平面図である。It is a schematic plan view which shows the illumination intensity distribution of the to-be-irradiated surface by the illumination stand of FIG. 図９の被照射面の照度比を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the illumination intensity ratio of the to-be-irradiated surface of FIG. 比較例の照明装置の要部構成と最大強度照明光の方向を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the principal part structure of the illuminating device of a comparative example, and the direction of maximum intensity illumination light. 図１１の照明装置の照明光強度の角度特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the angle characteristic of the illumination light intensity of the illuminating device of FIG. 図１１の照明装置による被照射面の照度比を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the illumination intensity ratio of the to-be-irradiated surface by the illuminating device of FIG. 第二実施形態の照明装置の要部構成と最大強度照明光の方向を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the principal part structure of the illuminating device of 2nd embodiment, and the direction of maximum intensity illumination light. 図１４の照明装置の照明光強度の角度特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the angle characteristic of the illumination light intensity of the illuminating device of FIG. 図１４の照明装置による被照射面の照度比を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the illumination intensity ratio of the to-be-irradiated surface by the illuminating device of FIG. 第三実施形態の照明装置の要部構成と最大強度照明光の方向を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the principal part structure of the illuminating device of 3rd embodiment, and the direction of maximum intensity illumination light. 図１７の照明装置の照明光強度の角度特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the angle characteristic of the illumination light intensity of the illuminating device of FIG. 図１７の照明装置による被照射面の照度比を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the illumination intensity ratio of the to-be-irradiated surface by the illuminating device of FIG. 照明スタンドの概要を示す概略説明図である。It is a schematic explanatory drawing which shows the outline | summary of an illumination stand. 等ピッチで異なる幅のＶ溝を配設したＶ溝構成を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the V-groove structure which arrange | positioned the V-groove of different width | variety by equal pitch. 異なるピッチで異なる幅のＶ溝を配設したＶ溝構成を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the V-groove structure which arrange | positioned the V-groove of different width | variety with a different pitch. Ｖ溝を介して射出される照明光を示す概略説明図である。It is a schematic explanatory drawing which shows the illumination light inject | emitted via a V groove. 第四実施形態の照明装置の要部構成を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the principal part structure of the illuminating device of 4th embodiment. 図２４の照明装置の照明光強度の角度特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the angle characteristic of the illumination light intensity of the illuminating device of FIG. 図２４の照明装置による被照射面の照度比を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the illumination intensity ratio of the to-be-irradiated surface by the illuminating device of FIG. ＬＥＤ２と、別な変形例の導光板１の一部のみを取り出して示す説明用の拡大断面図である。It is an expanded sectional view for explanation which takes out and shows only a part of light guide plate 1 of LED2 and another modification. ＬＥＤ２と、別な変形例の導光板１の一部のみを取り出して示す説明用の拡大断面図である。It is an expanded sectional view for explanation which takes out and shows only a part of light guide plate 1 of LED2 and another modification. フレネル反射の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of Fresnel reflection. ＬＥＤ２と、別な変形例の導光板１の一部のみを取り出して示す説明用の拡大断面図である。It is an expanded sectional view for explanation which takes out and shows only a part of light guide plate 1 of LED2 and another modification. ＬＥＤ２と、別な変形例の導光板１の一部のみを取り出して示す説明用の拡大断面図である。It is an expanded sectional view for explanation which takes out and shows only a part of light guide plate 1 of LED2 and another modification. ＬＥＤ２と、別な変形例の導光板１の一部のみを取り出して示す説明用の拡大断面図である。It is an expanded sectional view for explanation which takes out and shows only a part of light guide plate 1 of LED2 and another modification. ＬＥＤ２と、別な変形例の導光板１の一部のみを取り出して示す説明用の拡大断面図である。It is an expanded sectional view for explanation which takes out and shows only a part of light guide plate 1 of LED2 and another modification. ＬＥＤ２と、別な変形例の導光板１の一部のみを取り出して示す説明用の拡大断面図である。It is an expanded sectional view for explanation which takes out and shows only a part of light guide plate 1 of LED2 and another modification. 本発明者らが検討に用いたモデルを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the model which the present inventors used for examination. （ａ）〜（ｃ）は、図３５のモデルにおいて各条件毎に照明光強度の角度特性を示す図である。(A)-(c) is a figure which shows the angle characteristic of illumination light intensity for every condition in the model of FIG. （ａ）〜（ｃ）は、図３５のモデルにおいて各条件毎に照明光強度の角度特性を示す図である。(A)-(c) is a figure which shows the angle characteristic of illumination light intensity for every condition in the model of FIG. （ａ）〜（ｃ）は、図３５のモデルにおいて各条件毎に照明光強度の角度特性を示す図である。(A)-(c) is a figure which shows the angle characteristic of illumination light intensity for every condition in the model of FIG. 第五実施形態の照明装置が備えて好適な導光板を示す概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the light-guide plate suitable for the illuminating device of 5th embodiment. 図１においてV-V線で切断した方向に見た図である。It is the figure seen in the direction cut | disconnected by the VV line in FIG. 第五実施形態の第１主面の輝度分布をシミュレーションにて求めた図であり、最大輝度を白、最小輝度を黒で表したグレースケールである。It is the figure which calculated | required the luminance distribution of the 1st main surface of 5th embodiment by simulation, and is a gray scale which represented the maximum luminance in white and the minimum luminance in black. 第五実施形態の照明装置の最大強度照明光の方向を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the direction of the maximum intensity illumination light of the illuminating device of 5th embodiment. 第六実施形態の導光板を示す概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the light-guide plate of 6th embodiment. 第六実施形態の第１主面の輝度分布をシミュレーションにて求めた図であり、最大輝度を白、最小輝度を黒で表している。It is the figure which calculated | required the luminance distribution of the 1st main surface of 6th embodiment by simulation, and represents the maximum luminance in white and the minimum luminance in black. 第六実施形態の照明装置の照明光強度の角度特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the angle characteristic of the illumination light intensity of the illuminating device of 6th embodiment. 変形例の導光板を示す概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the light-guide plate of a modification. 別の変形例の導光板を示す概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the light-guide plate of another modification. 第七実施形態の導光板を示す概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the light-guide plate of 7th embodiment. 第七実施形態の第１主面の輝度分布をシミュレーションにて求めた図であり、最大輝度を白、最小輝度を黒で表したグレースケールである。It is the figure which calculated | required the luminance distribution of the 1st main surface of 7th embodiment by simulation, and is a gray scale which represented the maximum luminance in white and the minimum luminance in black. 第七実施形態の照明装置の照明光強度の角度特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the angle characteristic of the illumination light intensity of the illuminating device of 7th embodiment. 第八実施形態の導光板を用いる照明装置の概要を示す概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the outline | summary of the illuminating device using the light-guide plate of 8th embodiment. 第八実施形態の導光板を示す概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the light-guide plate of 8th embodiment. 第八実施形態にかかる導光板１の一部を、ＬＥＤ２と共に示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows a part of light-guide plate 1 concerning 8th embodiment with LED2. 第八実施形態の第１主面の輝度をシミュレーションにて求めた図であり、最大輝度を白、最小輝度を黒で表したグレースケールである。It is the figure which calculated | required the brightness | luminance of the 1st main surface of 8th embodiment by simulation, and is a gray scale which represented the maximum luminance in white and the minimum luminance in black. 第八実施形態の照明装置の照明光強度の角度特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the angle characteristic of the illumination light intensity of the illuminating device of 8th embodiment. 本発明を説明するために、導光板を取り出して示す図である。It is a figure which takes out and shows a light-guide plate in order to demonstrate this invention.

以下に本発明による実施形態を、図面を参照して説明する。また、同一構成部材については同一の符号を用い、詳細な説明は適宜省略する。   Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Moreover, the same code | symbol is used about the same structural member, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

第一実施形態に係る照明装置は、面発光する照射面を備えた照明装置Ｕであって、例えば、図１に示すように、面発光する第１主面（出射面）１１、および、この第１主面に対向して平行に延在する第２主面（反射面）１２を備える導光板１と、第１主面１１と第２主面１２とに交差する方向に延在し該導光板１の入射面１３となる一つの側面部（一方の端面）に対向して配設される複数の発光素子２と、を備えて、発光素子２が射出する光を、導光板１内に導光して第１主面１１から射出する照明器具用の照明装置Ｕである。なお、第１主面（出射面）１１、とは第２主面（反射面）１２とは、完全に平行でなくとも、５度程度まで平行からずれても同様の効果を得ることができる。即ち、本明細書でいう「平行」とは、互いに５度以内で傾いている場合を含む。   The illuminating device according to the first embodiment is an illuminating device U having an irradiation surface that emits surface light. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a first main surface (outgoing surface) 11 that emits surface light, and this A light guide plate 1 having a second main surface (reflective surface) 12 facing and parallel to the first main surface, and extending in a direction intersecting the first main surface 11 and the second main surface 12, A plurality of light-emitting elements 2 disposed to face one side surface (one end face) that serves as the incident surface 13 of the light guide plate 1, and the light emitted from the light-emitting elements 2 is transmitted into the light guide plate 1. It is the illuminating device U for lighting fixtures light-guided to and inject | emitted from 1st main surface 11. The first main surface (outgoing surface) 11 and the second main surface (reflecting surface) 12 are not completely parallel, but the same effect can be obtained even if they deviate from parallel by about 5 degrees. . That is, the term “parallel” as used in this specification includes a case where they are tilted within 5 degrees.

導光板１は、紙面に垂直な方向を長手方向とする平板状であって、第１主面１１を露出するようにして、発光素子２と共にケース３に一体的に収容されて構成される。   The light guide plate 1 has a flat plate shape whose longitudinal direction is perpendicular to the paper surface, and is configured to be integrally accommodated in the case 3 together with the light emitting element 2 so as to expose the first main surface 11.

発光素子２は、入射面１３の方向に照明光を射出する光源であればよく、例えば、線状の光源（冷陰極管）や入射面１３の長手方向に間隔をおいて配設する複数の点状光源（ＬＥＤ）を用いることができる。また、低消費電力で発光強度が高く、白色発光するＬＥＤを用いることが好ましい。そのために、本実施形態では白色ＬＥＤを用いることとした。そのために、発光素子２に代えてＬＥＤ２として以後説明する。ＬＥＤ２は、ケース３内に収容される基板２１の長手方向（紙面に垂直な方向）に略等間隔（例えば、約１５ｍｍピッチ）で複数配列されている。   The light emitting element 2 may be a light source that emits illumination light in the direction of the incident surface 13. For example, a linear light source (cold cathode tube) or a plurality of light sources arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the incident surface 13 may be used. A point light source (LED) can be used. Further, it is preferable to use an LED that emits white light with low power consumption and high emission intensity. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a white LED is used. Therefore, it replaces with the light emitting element 2, and demonstrates from now on as LED2. A plurality of LEDs 2 are arranged at substantially equal intervals (for example, a pitch of about 15 mm) in the longitudinal direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface) of the substrate 21 accommodated in the case 3.

ＬＥＤ２は、白色ＬＥＤであり、青色ＬＥＤと、青色ＬＥＤからの光に励起されて所定波長の励起光を発光する蛍光体（例えば、黄色蛍光体）を組み合わせて白色発光するものである。また、白色ＬＥＤは、赤色ＬＥＤ、青色ＬＥＤ、緑色ＬＥＤを組み合わせた高演色ＬＥＤを用いてもよい。高演色ＬＥＤを用いることにより、高い色再現性の必要な用途に好適な照明装置を実現することが可能である。   The LED 2 is a white LED, and emits white light by combining a blue LED and a phosphor (for example, a yellow phosphor) that is excited by light from the blue LED and emits excitation light having a predetermined wavelength. The white LED may be a high color rendering LED that is a combination of a red LED, a blue LED, and a green LED. By using the high color rendering LED, it is possible to realize an illumination device suitable for an application requiring high color reproducibility.

基板２１は、例えば、入射面１３の長手方向の全幅程度の長さとされ、この基板２１に複数のチップ型のＬＥＤ２を所定ピッチで搭載する。このように、基板２１は、長手方向に一体とされるが、複数の基板に分け、それぞれを電気的に接続する構成としてもよい。
また、基板２１は、照明装置外部に配置される電源回路（不図示）とリード線により接続され、電気回路に設ける明るさ調整ボタンにより、ＬＥＤに流れる電流を調整することで、照明装置の明るさを調整可能である。For example, the substrate 21 has a length approximately equal to the entire width in the longitudinal direction of the incident surface 13, and a plurality of chip-type LEDs 2 are mounted on the substrate 21 at a predetermined pitch. Thus, although the board | substrate 21 is united in the longitudinal direction, it is good also as a structure which divides | segments into several board | substrates and each is electrically connected.
The substrate 21 is connected to a power supply circuit (not shown) arranged outside the lighting device by a lead wire, and the brightness of the lighting device is adjusted by adjusting the current flowing through the LEDs by a brightness adjustment button provided in the electric circuit. The height can be adjusted.

図２、図３は、ＬＥＤ２と、導光板１の一部のみを取り出して示す説明用の拡大断面図である。図２において、入射面１３はＶ字溝状であり、導光板１の厚み方向中央を境界としてＬＥＤ２の外周側に近づくように傾いた第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂとを有する。よって、ＬＥＤ２の上半部から出射された光は、第１偏向平面１３ａで屈折して第２主面１２に向かい、ＬＥＤ２の下半部から出射された光は、第２偏向平面１３ｂで屈折して第１主面１１に向かうようになっている。入射面１３の第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂは対称形であるので、第１主面１１へ向かう光と、第２主面１２へ向かう光とがほぼ２分割され、全反射成分が増えるので高い取り出し効率を得ることができる。   2 and 3 are enlarged sectional views for explanation showing only the LED 2 and a part of the light guide plate 1. In FIG. 2, the incident surface 13 has a V-shaped groove shape, and includes a first deflection plane 13 a and a second deflection plane 13 b which are inclined so as to approach the outer peripheral side of the LED 2 with the center in the thickness direction of the light guide plate 1 as a boundary. Therefore, the light emitted from the upper half of the LED 2 is refracted by the first deflection plane 13a and travels toward the second main surface 12, and the light emitted from the lower half of the LED 2 is refracted by the second deflection plane 13b. Then, it is directed to the first main surface 11. Since the first deflection plane 13a and the second deflection plane 13b of the incident surface 13 are symmetrical, the light traveling toward the first main surface 11 and the light traveling toward the second main surface 12 are substantially divided into two parts, and the total reflection component. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a high extraction efficiency.

ここで、第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂの傾斜角θは20度までが望ましい。20度より大きく傾斜すると、ＬＥＤ２から出射した高強度の光が第１主面１１および第２主面１２で全反射成分とならず、ＬＥＤ２に近い位置で出射するなどして、導光性および光取り出し効率が悪化する。なお、第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂを20度傾斜させることにより、ＬＥＤ２から放射角70度（余弦0.34）で放出される低強度光まで入射し、かつ、入射面１３での入射角50度でフレネル反射は比較的小さくなる。   Here, the inclination angle θ of the first deflection plane 13a and the second deflection plane 13b is desirably up to 20 degrees. When the inclination is greater than 20 degrees, the high intensity light emitted from the LED 2 does not become a total reflection component on the first main surface 11 and the second main surface 12 and is emitted at a position close to the LED 2. Light extraction efficiency deteriorates. In addition, by tilting the first deflection plane 13a and the second deflection plane 13b by 20 degrees, the low-intensity light emitted from the LED 2 at a radiation angle of 70 degrees (cosine 0.34) is incident and incident on the incident plane 13 Fresnel reflection is relatively small at an angle of 50 degrees.

一方、別な観点から考えると、第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂの傾斜角θはatan（t／（2L））の角度以上が望ましい。ここで、図５を参照して、導光板厚みをt（ｍｍ）とし、入射面１３から導光板１の入射面と反対側の端面までの距離をL（ｍｍ）とする。ｔ＝３，Ｌ＝55の場合、atan（t／（2L））＝1.5度以上に設定することにより、入射面１３と反対側の端面に直接到達する導光光がなくなり、高強度光が光取り出し手段としての光取り出し部１５に導かれ、極力往路で光取り出しできるので、導光往復による吸収やフレア光などの損失を防ぐことができる。   On the other hand, from another viewpoint, the inclination angle θ of the first deflection plane 13a and the second deflection plane 13b is preferably equal to or greater than an angle of atan (t / (2L)). Here, with reference to FIG. 5, the thickness of the light guide plate is t (mm), and the distance from the incident surface 13 to the end surface opposite to the incident surface of the light guide plate 1 is L (mm). When t = 3 and L = 55, by setting atan (t / (2L)) = 1.5 degrees or more, there is no guided light that directly reaches the end surface opposite to the incident surface 13, and high intensity light is emitted. Since it is guided to the light extraction portion 15 as the light extraction means and light can be extracted in the outward path as much as possible, it is possible to prevent loss due to light guide reciprocation and flare light.

更に、第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂから入射する全光束（エッジ回折光を除く）が、最初に入射する第１主面１１および第２主面１２に全反射角で入射すると好ましい。導光板１が屈折率1.5の素材から形成されている場合、第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂの傾斜角θ＝6度以下で、屈折した全入射光束が第１主面１１および第２主面１２で全反射することとなる。ただし、前述の通り、第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂは傾斜角θ＝1.5度以上で傾斜することが望ましい。   Furthermore, it is preferable that all light beams (excluding edge diffracted light) incident from the first deflection plane 13a and the second deflection plane 13b are incident on the first main surface 11 and the second main surface 12 that are incident first at a total reflection angle. . When the light guide plate 1 is formed of a material having a refractive index of 1.5, the refracted all incident light beams are refracted at the inclination angle θ of the first deflection plane 13a and the second deflection plane 13b of 6 ° or less and the first main surface 11 and the first deflection plane 13b. Two total reflections will occur at the main surface 12. However, as described above, it is desirable that the first deflection plane 13a and the second deflection plane 13b are inclined at an inclination angle θ = 1.5 degrees or more.

ＬＥＤ２から出射された光は入射面１３から入射し、導光板１内を導光される。すなわち、導光板１の下面（第１主面１１）と上面（第２主面）との間で光は全反射されながら導光され、光取り出し部１５に入射して全反射角から外れた光が、第１主面１１から出射されて面発光する構成とされる。   The light emitted from the LED 2 enters from the incident surface 13 and is guided through the light guide plate 1. That is, light is guided between the lower surface (first main surface 11) and the upper surface (second main surface) of the light guide plate 1 while being totally reflected, enters the light extraction portion 15 and deviates from the total reflection angle. Light is emitted from the first main surface 11 to emit light.

光取り出し部１５は、面発光する際に、本実施形態では、導光板１の照明光を射出する主面（第１主面１１）の垂線に対して傾斜した方向に強い光を照射可能である。   In the present embodiment, the light extraction unit 15 can emit strong light in a direction inclined with respect to the normal of the main surface (first main surface 11) that emits the illumination light of the light guide plate 1 when performing surface emission. is there.

より具体的には、第１主面１１もしくは第２主面１２のいずれかに光取り出し部１５を設け、この光取り出し部１５を介して、第１主面１１の垂線方向から所定角度偏向させて照明光を照射するようにしている。図６を参照して、第１主面１１の垂線と、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θmaxは、後述するように、１０°＜θmax＜４０°を満たすことが好ましく、さらに、１５°＜θｍａｘ＜３５°であればより好ましい。More specifically, a light extraction portion 15 is provided on either the first main surface 11 or the second main surface 12, and the light extraction portion 15 is used to deflect a predetermined angle from the perpendicular direction of the first main surface 11. The illumination light is emitted. Referring to FIG. 6, the angle θ max formed between the perpendicular of the first main surface 11 and the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light preferably satisfies 10 ° <θ max <40 °, as will be described later. More preferably, 15 ° <θmax <35 °.

図３に示す光取り出し部１５は、第２主面１２に設けた紙面垂直方向に延在する複数のＶ溝を採用している。この構成であれば、光取り出し部１５を、射出面に対向する反対側の第２主面１２に設けるので、照度分布の均一化を図ることができ、射出面位置での照度分布をより均一にできる。   The light extraction unit 15 illustrated in FIG. 3 employs a plurality of V grooves provided in the second main surface 12 and extending in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface. With this configuration, the light extraction portion 15 is provided on the second main surface 12 opposite to the exit surface, so that the illuminance distribution can be made uniform and the illuminance distribution at the exit surface position can be made more uniform. Can be.

また、光取り出し部１５を構成するＶ溝は、入射面側の第１斜面Ｖ１Ａ（傾斜面）と該第１斜面Ｖ１Ａと共に前記Ｖ溝を形成する第２斜面Ｖ２Ａとを有しており、この第１斜面Ｖ１Ａと第２斜面Ｖ２Ａとの傾斜角度を変えることで、第１主面１１の垂線方向から所定角度θmax偏向する照明光の最大ピーク強度光の方向を調整することができる。Further, the V groove constituting the light extraction portion 15 has a first inclined surface V1A (inclined surface) on the incident surface side and a second inclined surface V2A that forms the V groove together with the first inclined surface V1A. By changing the inclination angle between the first slope V1A and the second slope V2A, it is possible to adjust the direction of the maximum peak intensity light of the illumination light that is deflected by a predetermined angle θ max from the perpendicular direction of the first main surface 11.

本実施形態の変形例としては、図４に示すように、第１斜面Ｖ１Ａの傾斜角度を調整して、第１主面１１の法線方向に出射させることもできる。より具体的には、垂直方向が照明光の最大ピーク強度となるように、第１斜面Ｖ１Ａを設定する。図４で、破線は入射面１３から入射して第１斜面Ｖ１Ａに直接入射する低強度の光の光路を示している。第１斜面Ｖ１Ａに直接入射する光は、全反射して導光される光と射出方向が大きく異なるため、効率を悪くする。本実施形態では入射面１３を傾斜した第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂとしているので、第１斜面Ｖ１Ａに直接入射する光は極めて少なくなっている。   As a modification of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the first inclined surface V <b> 1 </ b> A may be adjusted to emit light in the normal direction of the first main surface 11. More specifically, the first slope V1A is set so that the vertical direction becomes the maximum peak intensity of the illumination light. In FIG. 4, a broken line indicates an optical path of low-intensity light that is incident from the incident surface 13 and is directly incident on the first inclined surface V1A. The light that is directly incident on the first slope V1A has a significantly different emission direction from the light that is totally reflected and guided, and thus the efficiency is deteriorated. In the present embodiment, since the incident surface 13 is an inclined first deflection plane 13a and second deflection plane 13b, the amount of light directly incident on the first inclined plane V1A is extremely small.

また、第１偏向平面１３ａと第２偏向平面１３ｂの傾斜角は、atan（t／（2M））の角度以上が望ましい。ここで、導光板厚みをt（ｍｍ）とし、入射面（側面部）１３から最初の第１斜面Ｖ１Ａまでの距離をＭ（ｍｍ）とする。t＝3ｍｍ、M＝10ｍｍの場合で、atan（t／（2M））＝8.5度以上に設定することにより、最初の第１斜面Ｖ１Ａに直接到達する導光光がなく、高強度光が第１斜面Ｖ１Ａに導かれることとなる。前述の導光全反射成分で高強度光を利用することも考慮し、本変形例では10度に設定した。   Further, the inclination angle of the first deflection plane 13a and the second deflection plane 13b is preferably equal to or greater than the angle of atan (t / (2M)). Here, the thickness of the light guide plate is t (mm), and the distance from the incident surface (side surface portion) 13 to the first first slope V1A is M (mm). By setting atan (t / (2M)) = 8.5 degrees or more in the case of t = 3 mm and M = 10 mm, there is no guided light that directly reaches the first first slope V1A, and high-intensity light is It will be guided to one slope V1A. In consideration of using high-intensity light with the above-described light-guiding total reflection component, this modification is set to 10 degrees.

ここで、導光板１は、屈折率が約１．４以上であり可視光を透過する透明な材料（例えば、屈折率が約１．５のＰＭＭＡ：アクリル）からなり、Ｖ溝状の光取り出し部１５を追加工して形成することも、一体的に成形することもできる。また、この導光板１は、用途に応じて、ガラス材料、ＰＭＭＡ以外のアクリル、ポリカーボネートや、可塑性を有するシリコン樹脂シートなどでもよい。   Here, the light guide plate 1 is made of a transparent material having a refractive index of about 1.4 or more and transmitting visible light (for example, PMMA: acryl having a refractive index of about 1.5), and has a V-groove-shaped light extraction. The portion 15 can be formed by additional machining or can be formed integrally. In addition, the light guide plate 1 may be a glass material, acrylic other than PMMA, polycarbonate, a silicon resin sheet having plasticity, or the like depending on applications.

導光板１を成形する金型の転写面に粗面加工を施すことで、第１斜面Ｖ１Ａを粗し面として、拡散手段として拡散効果を持たせることができる。その導光方向における拡散度は強度半値全幅で３度から１０度であると好ましい。ＬＥＤの配列方向のピッチが大きい場合、光取り出し手段である斜面の拡散度は、LED配列方向により大きな拡散度を有する異方性拡散面でもよい。   By subjecting the transfer surface of the mold for forming the light guide plate 1 to a rough surface, the first inclined surface V1A can be roughened and a diffusion effect can be provided as a diffusing means. The diffusivity in the light guide direction is preferably 3 to 10 degrees in full width at half maximum. When the pitch in the LED arrangement direction is large, the diffusivity of the slope serving as the light extraction means may be an anisotropic diffusion surface having a larger diffusivity in the LED arrangement direction.

前記拡散手段により、斜面Ｖ１Ａに入射した光が混合され出射光の強度ムラが減少して均一な照明を実現できる。ここで、拡散手段としては、例えば傾斜面を転写する転写面の面粗度を高めた金型により転写成形することで、傾斜面を粗し面としたり、或いは、ＬＥＤ等の点状光源を複数個離散的に配置するときは、ＬＥＤの配列方向のピッチが大きい場合、光取り出し手段である斜面の拡散度は、LED配列方向により大きな拡散度を有する異方性拡散面でもよい。異方性拡散面は、サーフェスレリーフホログラム（特開２００９−１７０４３０の段落［００１１］参照）、または等方性散乱を有するブラスト面にヘアライン用の異方性散乱構造を組み合わせることにより実現できる。   By the diffusing means, light incident on the inclined surface V1A is mixed, and unevenness in intensity of the emitted light is reduced, thereby realizing uniform illumination. Here, as the diffusing means, for example, the inclined surface is roughened by transfer molding with a mold having a high surface roughness on the inclined surface, or a point light source such as an LED is used. When a plurality of LEDs are arranged in a discrete manner, when the pitch in the LED arrangement direction is large, the diffusivity of the inclined surface as the light extraction means may be an anisotropic diffusion surface having a larger diffusivity in the LED arrangement direction. An anisotropic diffusion surface can be realized by combining a surface relief hologram (see paragraph [0011] of JP-A-2009-170430) or a blast surface having isotropic scattering with an anisotropic scattering structure for a hairline.

ＬＥＤ２から出射された光束は、第１主面１１と第２主面１２との間を全反射しながら導光され、光取り出し部１５により反射拡散され全反射角から外れた光束が、第１主面１１から照明光として射出される。ここで、第２主面１２の外側に反射板４を配置することで、光取り出し部１５により偏向されて第２主面１２の外側に漏れ出した光を反射して再び導光板１内に戻すことができ、第１主面１１から射出する照明光の強度を大きくすることができ、高効率の照明装置Ｕを実現することができる。反射板４は必須の構成ではないが、上記の観点から第２主面１２の外側に反射板４を配置することが好ましい。   The light beam emitted from the LED 2 is guided while being totally reflected between the first main surface 11 and the second main surface 12, and the light beam reflected and diffused by the light extraction unit 15 and deviated from the total reflection angle is the first light beam. The light is emitted from the main surface 11 as illumination light. Here, by disposing the reflection plate 4 outside the second main surface 12, the light deflected by the light extraction portion 15 and leaked to the outside of the second main surface 12 is reflected and again enters the light guide plate 1. The intensity of illumination light emitted from the first main surface 11 can be increased, and a highly efficient illumination device U can be realized. Although the reflecting plate 4 is not essential, it is preferable to dispose the reflecting plate 4 outside the second main surface 12 from the above viewpoint.

反射板４は、その内面にミラー処理やミラーフィルムを貼付した樹脂板や、白色塗装の白色反射処理やミラー処理を施した反射面を有するアルミ板金などを用いることができる。また、導光板１を収容するケース３の内面を、例えば、アルミ製板金に白色塗装の白色反射処理やミラー処理を施した反射面として形成してもよく、反射フィルム（例えば、きもと社製のレフホワイト）を用いる構成としてもよい。   The reflecting plate 4 may be made of a resin plate having a mirror treatment or a mirror film attached to the inner surface thereof, an aluminum sheet metal having a reflecting surface subjected to white coating white reflection treatment or mirror treatment, or the like. Moreover, you may form the inner surface of case 3 which accommodates the light-guide plate 1 as a reflective surface which gave the white reflection process and the mirror process of the white coating to the aluminum sheet metal, for example, and a reflective film (for example, Kimoto company make) (Ref white) may be used.

また、第１主面１１の外側に拡散板５を配置している。この構成であれば、光取り出し部１５が離散的に配置される複数のＶ溝から構成されていても、射出面（第１主面１１）における照明光の照度ムラ（輝度ムラ）を低減して、均一で目に優しい高品位な照明装置Ｕを実現することが可能である。拡散板５は透光性を有する従来公知の樹脂拡散板や樹脂拡散フィルムを用いることができる。拡散板５は必須の構成ではないが、上記の観点から第１主面１１の外側に拡散板５を配置することが好ましい。   In addition, the diffusion plate 5 is disposed outside the first main surface 11. With this configuration, even when the light extraction portion 15 is configured by a plurality of V grooves that are discretely arranged, the illuminance unevenness (luminance unevenness) of the illumination light on the exit surface (first main surface 11) is reduced. Thus, it is possible to realize a high-quality lighting device U that is uniform and easy on the eyes. The diffusion plate 5 may be a conventionally known resin diffusion plate or resin diffusion film having translucency. Although the diffusing plate 5 is not an essential configuration, it is preferable to dispose the diffusing plate 5 outside the first main surface 11 from the above viewpoint.

次に、図５を用いて導光板１Ａについてさらに説明する。   Next, the light guide plate 1A will be further described with reference to FIG.

図５に示す導光板１Ａは、図６に示す第一実施形態の照明装置Ｕ１が備えるものであって、屈折率１以上の透明体、例えば、屈折率約１．５のＰＭＭＡから構成され、長さＬが５０ｍｍで、厚みｔが３ｍｍで、幅（紙面に垂直方向）が２００ｍｍである。   A light guide plate 1A shown in FIG. 5 is provided in the illumination device U1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 6, and is made of a transparent body having a refractive index of 1 or more, for example, PMMA having a refractive index of about 1.5. The length L is 50 mm, the thickness t is 3 mm, and the width (perpendicular to the paper surface) is 200 mm.

導光板１Ａは、凹又は凸構造間の導光方向における光取り出し手段である傾斜面の最大間隔（すなわち、つなぎ面と平面部の和）をPmax（ｍｍ）、傾斜面から出射された光の拡散角の半値全幅をσ（°）、傾斜面と出射面に隣接した拡散板との距離をｔ（ｍｍ）とするとき、以下の式を満たすことが好ましい。
ｔsinσ<Pmax<ｔsinσ+0.7 （１）In the light guide plate 1A, the maximum interval of the inclined surfaces (that is, the sum of the connecting surface and the plane portion) that is the light extraction means in the light guide direction between the concave or convex structures is P max (mm), and the light emitted from the inclined surfaces When the full width at half maximum of the diffusion angle is σ (°) and the distance between the inclined surface and the diffusion plate adjacent to the exit surface is t (mm), it is preferable to satisfy the following formula.
tsinσ <P max <tsinσ + 0.7 (1)

図５６を参照して、上記式（１）の意義について説明する。凹又は凸構造として第１斜面Ｖ１Ａと第２斜面Ｖ２ＡとからなるＶ溝を考える。ここで、第１斜面Ｖ１Ａと出射面に隣接した拡散板との距離を、導光板１の厚みｔ（ｍｍ）に近似しているものとして扱う。厚さｔ（ｍｍ）の導光板に設けた第１斜面Ｖ１Ａで反射した光が拡散度σで拡散したとすると、出射面から出射する際に、導光方向にｔsinσの範囲を持つ。よって、Ｖ溝の導光方向における最大距離Pmaxがｔsinσより小さければ、出射面全体が発光することとなる。一方、Ｖ溝の導光方向における最大距離Pmaxがｔsinσ以上でも、使用者が違和感を感じない場合もある。かかる場合について説明する。Ｖ溝の導光方向における最大距離Pmaxがｔsinσより大きいと、各第１斜面Ｖ１Ａから出射する光線が出射面から出射する前に交わらないから、出射面に輝度の低い領域ＢＫが現れる。ここで、複数のＶ溝が導光方向に離散的に配置されていると、輝度の低い領域ＢＫは縞状のストライプパターンとして現れる。The significance of the above formula (1) will be described with reference to FIG. Consider a V-groove composed of a first slope V1A and a second slope V2A as a concave or convex structure. Here, the distance between the first inclined surface V1A and the diffusion plate adjacent to the emission surface is treated as being approximate to the thickness t (mm) of the light guide plate 1. Assuming that the light reflected by the first inclined surface V1A provided on the light guide plate having a thickness t (mm) is diffused with a diffusivity σ, it has a range of t sin σ in the light guide direction when emitted from the exit surface. Therefore, if the maximum distance P max in the light guide direction of the V-groove is smaller than tsinσ, the entire emission surface emits light. On the other hand, even if the maximum distance P max in the light guide direction of the V-groove is tsinσ or more, the user may not feel uncomfortable. Such a case will be described. When the maximum distance P max in the light guide direction of the V-groove is larger than tsinσ, the light beams emitted from the first inclined surfaces V1A do not intersect before exiting from the exit surface, and thus a low-brightness region BK appears on the exit surface. Here, when the plurality of V-grooves are discretely arranged in the light guide direction, the low-brightness region BK appears as a striped stripe pattern.

ここで、４００ｍｍ離れた位置から７０度以上の角度で視力０．５の人が出射面を見たときに、輝度の低い領域ＢＫの範囲が角度２’の範囲であれば、ストライプパターンを認識しにくいから、輝度の低い領域ＢＫの許容範囲は４００・ｓｉｎ２’／ｃｏｓ７５?＝０．７ｍｍとなる。よって、凹又は凸構造間の導光方向における最大距離Pmaxが、（ｔsinσ+0.7）未満であれば、出射面の法線方向から75度以上の角度で観察しても光取り出し手段により光取り出しされない部分（ストライプパターン）が観察されにくいため、これにより面発光として認識されるので、輝度ムラに起因するグレア（眩しさ）を感じる恐れが少ない。Here, when a person with a visual acuity of 0.5 looks at the exit surface at an angle of 70 degrees or more from a position 400 mm away, the stripe pattern is recognized if the low-brightness region BK is within the range of angle 2 ′. Therefore, the allowable range of the low-brightness region BK is 400 · sin2 ′ / cos75? = 0.7 mm. Therefore, if the maximum distance P max in the light guide direction between the concave or convex structures is less than (tsin σ + 0.7), light is extracted by the light extraction means even when observed at an angle of 75 degrees or more from the normal direction of the exit surface. Since the portion (stripe pattern) that is not taken out is difficult to be observed, this is recognized as surface emission, so there is little risk of feeling glare (glare) due to luminance unevenness.

図５に戻り説明を行う。入射面１３が平面の場合は、ＬＥＤ２から垂直に射出された光は、導光板内を直進するため、第１主面１１から照明光として取り出す効率が低下してしまう。   Returning to FIG. When the incident surface 13 is a flat surface, the light emitted perpendicularly from the LED 2 travels straight in the light guide plate, so that the efficiency of taking out the illumination light from the first main surface 11 is lowered.

導光板１Ａの上面（第２主面１２）には、光取り出し部１５として断面が三角形状の複数のＶ溝が形成されている。このように、光取り出し部１５を射出面（第１主面１１）と対向する面に設けることにより、射出面における照度分布を均一化することができる。特に、Ｖ溝特有のギラツキ感を緩和することができ、目に優しい高品位な照明を実現することが可能となる。   On the upper surface (second main surface 12) of the light guide plate 1A, a plurality of V-grooves having a triangular cross section are formed as the light extraction portion 15. Thus, by providing the light extraction portion 15 on the surface facing the emission surface (first main surface 11), the illuminance distribution on the emission surface can be made uniform. In particular, it is possible to relieve the glaring sensation peculiar to the V-groove, and it is possible to realize high-quality illumination that is kind to the eyes.

Ｖ溝は入射面側の第１斜面Ｖ１（Ｖ１Ａ）と該第１斜面Ｖ１と共にＶ溝を形成する第２斜面Ｖ２（Ｖ２Ａ）とを有し、その幅ＬＶが１ｍｍであり、第１斜面Ｖ１と第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ１Ａが６０°で、第２斜面Ｖ２と第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ２Ａが３０°である。   The V-groove has a first slope V1 (V1A) on the incident surface side and a second slope V2 (V2A) that forms a V-groove together with the first slope V1, and its width LV is 1 mm, and the first slope V1. And the perpendicular θ of the second principal surface 12 is 60 °, and the angle θ2A between the second slope V2 and the perpendicular of the second principal surface 12 is 30 °.

Ｖ溝の幅ＬＶは、導光板１Ａの厚みｔよりも小さい（ＬＶ＜ｔ）ことが望ましい。ＬＶが大き過ぎると、一つのＶ溝斜面で反射して導光板外へ射出される光量が大きくなり、照明光の輝度ムラが発生しやすくなる。そのために、本実施形態では、導光板１Ａの厚みｔが３ｍｍに対して、Ｖ溝の幅ＬＶは１ｍｍとしている。   The width LV of the V groove is preferably smaller than the thickness t of the light guide plate 1A (LV <t). If the LV is too large, the amount of light reflected from one slope of the V-groove and emitted outside the light guide plate increases, and luminance unevenness of the illumination light tends to occur. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the thickness t of the light guide plate 1A is 3 mm, and the width LV of the V groove is 1 mm.

Ｖ溝の配設ピッチＰは、光源側から遠ざかるにつれて徐々に小さくして、すなわち、配置密度を高くしている。本実施形態では、そのピッチは、最大ピッチＰ１＝３．５ｍｍとし、Ｐ２〜Ｐｎ（約１ｍｍ）に至るまで徐々に小さくなるように配設される。このように、光源から遠ざかるにつれて密度を高くすることにより、照明装置の射出面における輝度分布をより均一にすることができる。   The arrangement pitch P of the V-grooves is gradually decreased as the distance from the light source is increased, that is, the arrangement density is increased. In the present embodiment, the maximum pitch P1 is set to 3.5 mm, and the pitch is gradually reduced until reaching P2 to Pn (about 1 mm). Thus, by increasing the density as the distance from the light source increases, the luminance distribution on the exit surface of the illumination device can be made more uniform.

第１斜面Ｖ１と第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角度θ１（θ１Ａ）は、５０°＜θ１＜７５°を満たすことが望ましい。この条件を満足するときは、４５°よりも大きな角度θ１で傾斜した第１斜面Ｖ１を介して、照明光を効率的に第１主面１１から傾いた方向に射出することができる。また、入射面１３から入射した光のうち、対向する端面１４に到達するまでに、第１斜面Ｖ１で反射して、第１主面１１の垂線と、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θmaxが、１５°＜θｍａｘ＜３５°を満たすことができる。It is desirable that the angle θ1 (θ1A) formed by the first slope V1 and the perpendicular of the second main surface 12 satisfies 50 ° <θ1 <75 °. When this condition is satisfied, the illumination light can be efficiently emitted in a direction inclined from the first main surface 11 through the first inclined surface V1 inclined at an angle θ1 larger than 45 °. Further, of the light incident from the incident surface 13, the angle θ formed between the perpendicular of the first main surface 11 and the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light is reflected by the first inclined surface V <b> 1 before reaching the opposing end surface 14. max can satisfy 15 ° <θmax <35 °.

第１主面１１の垂線と、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θmaxが、１５°＜θｍａｘ＜３５°を満たす構成であれば、第１主面１１を被照明面（例えば、机上面）と平行（水平）にしても、被照明領域を広範囲に亘って明るく照明できる。また、照明装置からの高強度照明光が直接観察者の目に入らないので、使用者は眩しさを感じることなく、被照明体を明るく観察することができる。If the angle θ max formed between the perpendicular of the first main surface 11 and the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light satisfies 15 ° <θmax <35 °, the first main surface 11 is the surface to be illuminated (for example, the desk surface). ) And parallel (horizontal), the illuminated area can be illuminated brightly over a wide range. Further, since the high-intensity illumination light from the illumination device does not directly enter the eyes of the observer, the user can observe the illuminated object brightly without feeling dazzling.

また、第１斜面Ｖ１と第２斜面Ｖ２とのなす角、すなわち、θ１＋θ２は、８０°＜θ１＋θ２＜１１０°を満たすことが望ましい。この構成であれば、入射面１３から入射し導光板１Ａ内を導光し、入射面１３に対向する端面１４に到達した光が、この端面１４もしくは外側に設ける反射面で反射して、導光板内に再入射した光を、この第２斜面Ｖ２を介して効率的に第１主面１１から傾いた方向に射出することができる。   Further, it is desirable that the angle formed by the first slope V1 and the second slope V2, that is, θ1 + θ2 satisfies 80 ° <θ1 + θ2 <110 °. With this configuration, light that enters from the incident surface 13 and is guided through the light guide plate 1A and reaches the end surface 14 facing the incident surface 13 is reflected by the end surface 14 or the reflecting surface provided on the outside, and guided. The light re-entered into the optical plate can be efficiently emitted in a direction inclined from the first main surface 11 through the second inclined surface V2.

すなわち、第１斜面Ｖ１と第２斜面Ｖ２とのなす角、θ１＋θ２が、８０°＜θ１＋θ２＜１１０°を満たす場合は、入射面から導光板内へ入射し導光板内を導光して、対向する端面１４に到達し、反射された光を効率的に、θmaxが＞０の方向、つまり、照明装置の垂線方向から使用者側へ傾いた方向に射出することができる。That is, when the angle formed by the first inclined surface V1 and the second inclined surface V2, θ1 + θ2, satisfies 80 ° <θ1 + θ2 <110 °, the light enters the light guide plate from the incident surface and is guided through the light guide plate. The reflected light can be efficiently emitted in the direction where θ max is> 0, that is, in the direction inclined from the normal direction of the lighting device to the user side.

例えば、図６に示すように、この導光板１Ａを備えた第一実施形態の照明装置Ｕ１は、図中に示すθmaxの方向に、つまり、照明装置の垂線方向から使用者側へ傾いた方向に最大強度光を射出する。For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the lighting device U1 of the first embodiment including the light guide plate 1A is inclined in the direction of θ max shown in the drawing, that is, from the normal direction of the lighting device to the user side. Emits maximum intensity light in the direction.

また、図７に、この第一実施形態の照明装置Ｕ１の照明光強度の角度特性を示す。図中に示すｘｚ断面は、図６に示す照明装置Ｕ１の中心を通る紙面に平行な面、すなわち、射出面から机上面に至る照明空間の上下の面に相当し、図中に示すｙｚ断面は、照明装置Ｕ１の幅（紙面に垂直な方向）に平行な面に相当する。   FIG. 7 shows the angle characteristics of the illumination light intensity of the illumination device U1 of the first embodiment. The xz cross section shown in the figure corresponds to a plane parallel to the paper plane passing through the center of the illumination device U1 shown in FIG. 6, that is, the upper and lower planes of the illumination space from the exit surface to the desk surface, and the yz cross section shown in the figure. Corresponds to a plane parallel to the width of the illumination device U1 (direction perpendicular to the paper surface).

図７に示す照明光強度の角度特性はシミュレーションによる計算結果であるが、導光板１Ａの第２主面１２に所定形状のＶ溝からなる光取り出し部１５Ａを設けることで、ｘｚ断面の照明光強度ＲＡに示すように、照明装置Ｕ１の垂線方向から図中の右側方向に、すなわち、使用者側に所定角度傾いた照明光分布を示す。また、ｙｚ断面の照明光強度ＲＢに示すようにｙｚ断面方向には、略一様に変化する照明光分布であることが判る。   The angular characteristic of the illumination light intensity shown in FIG. 7 is a calculation result by simulation. By providing a light extraction portion 15A made of a V-groove having a predetermined shape on the second main surface 12 of the light guide plate 1A, illumination light having an xz cross section is obtained. As indicated by the intensity RA, the illumination light distribution inclined by a predetermined angle from the perpendicular direction of the illumination device U1 to the right side in the drawing, that is, toward the user side is shown. Further, as shown in the illumination light intensity RB of the yz section, it can be seen that the illumination light distribution changes substantially uniformly in the yz section direction.

この場合の、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θmaxは約２２．５°である。すなわち、第１斜面Ｖ１と第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ１が６０°で、第２斜面Ｖ２と第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ２が３０°のＶ溝からなる光取り出し部１５を設けることで、使用者側に２２．５度傾いた照明光分布を示す照明装置Ｕ１を実現できる。In this case, the angle θ max formed by the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light is about 22.5 °. That is, the light composed of the V-groove having the angle θ1 formed by the first inclined plane V1 and the perpendicular of the second principal surface 12 of 60 ° and the angle θ2 formed by the second inclined plane V2 and the perpendicular of the second principal surface 12 of 30 °. By providing the take-out part 15, it is possible to realize the illuminating device U1 that shows the illumination light distribution inclined by 22.5 degrees toward the user side.

導光板１Ａの入射面１３と射出面となる第１主面１１以外の面は、それぞれの面に近接して、拡散特性を有し反射率の高い反射板を配設している。この反射板としては、例えば、きもと社製のレフホワイトなどの反射フィルムを用いることができる。   A surface of the light guide plate 1A other than the entrance surface 13 and the first main surface 11 serving as the exit surface is adjacent to the respective surfaces, and a reflective plate having diffusion characteristics and high reflectivity is disposed. As this reflecting plate, for example, a reflective film such as Ref White manufactured by Kimoto Co. can be used.

また、導光板１Ａの下側には、空気層（例えば、０．５ｍｍ程度）を介して拡散板５が配設される。拡散板５を配設することにより、照明装置Ｕ１の射出面における照度ムラ、輝度ムラを低減することができる。特に、Ｖ溝特有のギラツキ感を抑制し、目に優しい高品位な照明装置を実現できる。   A diffusion plate 5 is disposed below the light guide plate 1A via an air layer (for example, about 0.5 mm). By disposing the diffusion plate 5, it is possible to reduce illuminance unevenness and luminance unevenness on the exit surface of the lighting device U <b> 1. In particular, it is possible to realize a high-quality lighting device that suppresses the glare unique to the V-groove and is easy on the eyes.

光取り出し部１５Ａを構成するＶ溝は、入射面１３から所定距離内には設けない。例えば、図５に示す非配置領域Ｌａ（約５ｍｍ）にはＶ溝を設けず、配置領域ＬｂのみにＶ溝を設ける。すなわち、この配置領域Ｌｂが光取り出し部設置部となる。入射面近傍にＶ溝を設けると、点状光源であるＬＥＤ２が離散的に配置されているので、入射光が混ざり合う前に反射されてしまい、照明装置の入射面近傍に輝線が生じて輝度分布にムラができる。そこで、非配置領域Ｌａを設けて、入射光同士が重なり合った後で光路を偏向するようにしている。   The V groove constituting the light extraction portion 15A is not provided within a predetermined distance from the incident surface 13. For example, the V-groove is not provided in the non-arrangement region La (about 5 mm) shown in FIG. 5, but the V-groove is provided only in the arrangement region Lb. That is, this arrangement region Lb becomes a light extraction portion installation portion. When the V-groove is provided in the vicinity of the incident surface, the LED 2 that is a point light source is discretely arranged, so that the incident light is reflected before mixing, and a bright line is generated in the vicinity of the incident surface of the illumination device, resulting in luminance. The distribution is uneven. Therefore, the non-arrangement region La is provided so that the optical path is deflected after the incident lights overlap each other.

また、光取り出し部１５Ａを構成するＶ溝は、光源側から遠ざかるにつれて、その配置ピッチを徐々に小さくして、すなわち、設置密度を高くするようにして配設される。本実施形態では、そのピッチは、３．５ｍｍ〜１ｍｍで徐々に小さくなるように配設される。このように、光源から遠ざかるにつれて密度を高くすることにより、照明装置の射出面における輝度分布をより均一にすることができる。   Further, the V-grooves constituting the light extraction portion 15A are arranged so that the arrangement pitch is gradually reduced as the distance from the light source side is increased, that is, the installation density is increased. In this embodiment, the pitch is arranged so as to be gradually reduced from 3.5 mm to 1 mm. Thus, by increasing the density as the distance from the light source increases, the luminance distribution on the exit surface of the illumination device can be made more uniform.

この第一実施形態の照明装置Ｕ１は、流し台用の照明灯や照明スタンドなどの照明器具に好適に適用することができる。そのために、この第一実施形態の照明装置Ｕ１を備えた照明器具である照明スタンドについて図８〜図１０を用いて説明する。尚、本発明の照明装置は、壁面に設置して床面を照明する足元照明にも適用可能である。   The lighting device U1 of the first embodiment can be suitably applied to lighting fixtures such as a lighting lamp for a sink and a lighting stand. Therefore, the illumination stand which is a lighting fixture provided with the illuminating device U1 of this 1st embodiment is demonstrated using FIGS. 8-10. In addition, the illuminating device of this invention is applicable also to the step illumination which installs on a wall surface and illuminates a floor surface.

図８に示す照明スタンドＳＴ１は、上記照明装置Ｕ１を用いた照明器具である。また、台座部３１と支柱３２とを備え、該支柱３２の先端側に照明装置Ｕ１を装着し、該照明装置Ｕ１の面発光する第１主面１１を被照明面（机上面）と略平行に設置している。   A lighting stand ST1 shown in FIG. 8 is a lighting fixture using the lighting device U1. Moreover, the base part 31 and the support | pillar 32 are provided, the illuminating device U1 is mounted | worn with the front end side of this support | pillar 32, and the 1st main surface 11 which carries out the surface light emission of this illuminating device U1 is substantially parallel to a to-be-illuminated surface (desk surface). It is installed in.

照明装置Ｕ１は前述したように、使用者側に向かってに２２．５度傾いた部位が最大強度となる照明光分布を示すので、図中の角度θmaxに示すように約２２．５°使用者（観察者４０）側に傾いた方向に最大強度照明光を射出する。また、机上面３０から反射する反射光ＲＦが観察者４０の目に入る。As described above, the illuminating device U1 shows the illumination light distribution in which the portion inclined by 22.5 degrees toward the user side has the maximum intensity, and therefore, as shown by the angle θ max in the drawing, it is about 22.5 °. Maximum intensity illumination light is emitted in a direction inclined toward the user (observer 40). Further, the reflected light RF reflected from the desk surface 30 enters the eyes of the observer 40.

この照明装置Ｕ１の第１主面１１と机上面との距離Ｈを４００ｍｍとしたときの、机上面における照度分布をイメージ化したものを図９に示し、このときの照度比をグラフ化したものを図１０に示す。   FIG. 9 shows an image of the illuminance distribution on the desk top surface when the distance H between the first main surface 11 of the lighting device U1 and the desk top surface is 400 mm, and the illuminance ratio at this time is graphed. Is shown in FIG.

明るさの程度を濃淡表示した図９に示すように、照明スタンドＳＴ１の照明装置Ｕ１の直下近傍が照度が高い。また、机奥側（ｘ軸の−側）よりも手前側（ｘ軸の＋側）の方がより照度が高い非対称型の照度分布を有する。   As shown in FIG. 9 in which the degree of brightness is displayed in shades, the illuminance is high in the vicinity of the lighting device ST1 immediately below the lighting device U1. In addition, the front side (the + side of the x axis) has an asymmetric illumination distribution with higher illuminance than the back side of the desk (the − side of the x axis).

すなわち、照明スタンドＳＴ１を机上の奥に配置して、照明装置Ｕ１の射出面（第１主面１１）を机上面に対して平行に配設しても、最大強度照明光は観察者４０側に傾いているので、手元を十分明るく照明できる。   That is, even if the illumination stand ST1 is arranged in the back of the desk and the emission surface (first main surface 11) of the illumination device U1 is arranged in parallel to the desk top surface, the maximum intensity illumination light is on the viewer 40 side. Because it is tilted to the side, you can illuminate your hand sufficiently brightly.

例えば、図１０の被照射面の照度比を示すグラフから、ｘ軸上の照度Ｒｘは手前側は照度比が高く、奥側は照度比が低いことが判る。このグラフは、照明装置の直下を原点とし、照明装置から４００ｍｍ下方の被照明面（机上面）のｘ軸上およびｙ軸上の照度分布をグラフ化したものである。また、照度分布は、被照明面における最大照度を１として規格化した値を示す。   For example, from the graph showing the illuminance ratio of the irradiated surface in FIG. 10, it can be seen that the illuminance Rx on the x-axis has a high illuminance ratio on the near side and a low illuminance ratio on the far side. This graph is a graph showing the illuminance distribution on the x-axis and y-axis of the surface to be illuminated (desk surface) 400 mm below the illumination device, with the origin directly below the illumination device. The illuminance distribution indicates a value normalized with the maximum illuminance on the surface to be illuminated as 1.

ｙ軸上の照度Ｒｙの照度分布は、原点に対して略対称であるが、ｘ軸上の照度Ｒｘの照度分布は非対称であり、ｘが正（＋）の領域、すなわち、観察者側の領域が、ｘの負（−）の領域、すなわち、照明スタンドＳＴ１の背面側と比較して明るく照明されていることが判る。   The illuminance distribution of the illuminance Ry on the y-axis is substantially symmetric with respect to the origin, but the illuminance distribution of the illuminance Rx on the x-axis is asymmetric and is a positive (+) region, that is, on the observer side. It can be seen that the region is illuminated brighter than the negative (−) region of x, that is, the back side of the illumination stand ST1.

例えば、ｘ軸上の照度比が１／２になる点は、ｘが正の領域では、ｘ＝３５０ｍｍであるが、ｘが負の領域では、ｘ＝−２３０ｍｍである。   For example, the point at which the illuminance ratio on the x-axis is ½ is x = 350 mm when x is positive, but x = −230 mm when x is negative.

従って、本実施形態に係る照明装置を用いることで、被照明領域を広範囲に亘って明るく照明し、且つ、照明が不要な領域への無駄な照明光を低減した高効率の照明器具を実現することができる。   Therefore, by using the illumination device according to the present embodiment, a highly efficient lighting apparatus that illuminates the illuminated area over a wide area and reduces unnecessary illumination light to an area that does not require illumination is realized. be able to.

例えば、射出光の最大強度の方向が、１５°＜θｍａｘ＜３５°を満たすことにより、最大強度光の観察面における正反射光が、使用者（観察者）側に反射するので、観察者はより明るく観察することができる。観察面が拡散面であっても、観察光の強度重心は、正反射方向と一致する場合が多いので、観察面が拡散面であっても有効である。   For example, when the direction of the maximum intensity of the emitted light satisfies 15 ° <θmax <35 °, the specularly reflected light on the observation surface of the maximum intensity light is reflected to the user (observer) side. Brighter observation is possible. Even if the observation surface is a diffusion surface, the intensity centroid of the observation light often coincides with the regular reflection direction, so that it is effective even if the observation surface is a diffusion surface.

次に、導光板の第２主面に設けるＶ溝が所定の角度範囲でない斜面を有する構成例について図１１〜図１３を用いて説明する。   Next, a configuration example in which the V-groove provided on the second main surface of the light guide plate has a slope that is not in a predetermined angle range will be described with reference to FIGS.

図１１に示す導光板１Ｂは、第１斜面Ｖ１Ｂと第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ１Ｂが４５°で、第２斜面Ｖ２Ｂと第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ２Ｂが４５°のＶ溝からなる光取り出し部１５Ｂを設けている。すなわち、θ１Ｂは、５０°＜θ１＜７５°を満たしていない例である。   In the light guide plate 1B shown in FIG. 11, an angle θ1B formed by the first inclined surface V1B and the perpendicular of the second main surface 12 is 45 °, and an angle θ2B formed by the second inclined surface V2B and the perpendicular of the second main surface 12 is 45. A light extraction portion 15B composed of a V groove is provided. That is, θ1B is an example that does not satisfy 50 ° <θ1 <75 °.

θ１Ｂ＝θ２Ｂ＝４５°であるので、導光板１Ｂの第２主面１２に設けるＶ溝は、第２主面１２の垂線に対して左右対称であり、第１斜面Ｖ１Ｂと第２斜面Ｖ２Ｂとのなす角、θ１Ｂ＋θ２Ｂが９０°の例である。また、導光板１Ｂの厚みｔは３ｍｍであり、Ｖ溝の幅ＬＶは１ｍｍである。   Since θ1B = θ2B = 45 °, the V-groove provided on the second main surface 12 of the light guide plate 1B is symmetrical with respect to the perpendicular to the second main surface 12, and the first inclined surface V1B and the second inclined surface V2B This is an example in which θ1B + θ2B is 90 °. The thickness t of the light guide plate 1B is 3 mm, and the width LV of the V groove is 1 mm.

この場合は、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θmaxは０°であり、第１主面１１の垂線方向が最大強度となることが判る。In this case, the angle θ max formed by the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light is 0 °, and it can be seen that the perpendicular direction of the first main surface 11 has the maximum intensity.

また、図１２に示す、導光板１Ｂを備えた照明装置の照明光強度の角度特性や、図１３に示す、被照射面の照度比を表すグラフから判るように、照明光の強度分布は全ての方向に対して揃っており、略ランバート照明となっているが、ｘｚ断面において、若干ｘが正の領域の強度が強くなっている。   Moreover, as can be seen from the angle characteristic of the illumination light intensity of the illumination device including the light guide plate 1B shown in FIG. 12 and the graph showing the illuminance ratio of the irradiated surface shown in FIG. 13, the intensity distribution of the illumination light is all However, in the xz cross section, the intensity of a region where x is slightly positive is strong.

これは、入射面から導光板内へ入射し、対向する端面に向かう光束が、Ｖ溝斜面で光路偏向されて射出面から射出される光束が端面で反射されて入射面側に向かう光束と比較して強度が強いために起こる強度差であり、所定の方向に強い光を照射するものではない。   This is because the light beam that enters the light guide plate from the incident surface and travels toward the opposite end surface is compared with the light beam that is deflected in the optical path at the slope of the V-groove and reflected from the exit surface and travels toward the incident surface. This is a difference in intensity that occurs because the intensity is high, and does not irradiate strong light in a predetermined direction.

いずれにしても、光取り出し部１５を構成するＶ溝が所定の角度範囲でない斜面を有する構成例の導光板１Ｂを用いた照明装置では、観察者の手元側を効率よく照明することはできない。   In any case, the illumination device using the light guide plate 1B having a configuration example in which the V-groove constituting the light extraction unit 15 has a slope that is not in a predetermined angle range cannot efficiently illuminate the viewer's hand side.

次に、導光板の第２主面に設けるＶ溝が所定の角度範囲内にある斜面を有する第二実施形態について図１４〜図１６を用いて説明する。この第二実施形態の照明装置は、前述した第一実施形態の照明装置Ｕ１の導光板１Ａを導光板１Ｃに替えた点が異なり、その他の構成は同じである。そのために、図１４には、照明装置の要部構成として導光板１Ｃのみを表示する。   Next, a second embodiment in which a V-groove provided on the second main surface of the light guide plate has a slope having a predetermined angle range will be described with reference to FIGS. The illumination device of this second embodiment is different in that the light guide plate 1A of the illumination device U1 of the first embodiment described above is replaced with a light guide plate 1C, and the other configurations are the same. Therefore, in FIG. 14, only the light guide plate 1 </ b> C is displayed as the main configuration of the lighting device.

図１４に示すように、第二実施形態の照明装置が備える導光板１Ｃは、第１斜面Ｖ１Ｃと第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ１Ｃが７４．５°で、第２斜面Ｖ２Ｃと第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ２Ｃが３０°のＶ溝からなる光取り出し部１５Ｃを設けている。   As shown in FIG. 14, the light guide plate 1 </ b> C included in the illumination device of the second embodiment has an angle θ <b> 1 </ b> C formed by the first inclined surface V <b> 1 </ b> C and the perpendicular of the second main surface 12 of 74.5 °, A light extraction portion 15C made of a V-groove having an angle θ2C formed with the perpendicular of the second main surface 12 of 30 ° is provided.

すなわち、導光板１Ｃの第２主面１２に設けるＶ溝は、第２主面１２の垂線に対して非対称であり、第１斜面Ｖ１Ｃと第２斜面Ｖ２Ｃとのなす角、θ１Ｃ＋θ２Ｃが１０４．５°の例である。また、導光板１Ｃの厚みｔは３ｍｍであり、Ｖ溝の幅ＬＶは１ｍｍである。   That is, the V-groove provided on the second main surface 12 of the light guide plate 1C is asymmetric with respect to the perpendicular to the second main surface 12, and the angle formed by the first inclined surface V1C and the second inclined surface V2C, θ1C + θ2C is 104.5. An example of °. The thickness t of the light guide plate 1C is 3 mm, and the width LV of the V groove is 1 mm.

この場合は、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θmaxは１５°であり、第１主面１１の垂線方向から１５°手前側（観察者側）に傾いた方向が最大強度となることが判る。In this case, the angle θ max formed by the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light is 15 °, and the direction inclined to the front side (observer side) by 15 ° from the perpendicular direction of the first main surface 11 may be the maximum intensity. I understand.

また、図１５に示す、照明光強度の角度特性から、射出光の強度は、θ＝０°〜４５°の範囲で略一定であり、照明装置の直下方向から手元方向に向かって、略均一な強度角度特性を実現できていることが判る。   Further, from the angle characteristics of the illumination light intensity shown in FIG. 15, the intensity of the emitted light is substantially constant in the range of θ = 0 ° to 45 °, and is substantially uniform from the direction directly below the illumination device toward the hand side. It can be seen that an excellent strength angle characteristic can be realized.

また、図１６に示す被照射面（机上面）の照度比から明らかなように、この導光板１Ｃを用いた照明装置は、ｘ軸上の３００〜５００ｍｍの範囲でも、照度分布が高くなっている。すなわち、θmaxが約１５°（１０°＜θmax＜４０°に相当）の照明装置を用いることにより、観察者の手元まで、より明るく照明できることが判る。Further, as is apparent from the illuminance ratio of the irradiated surface (desk surface) shown in FIG. 16, the illuminator using this light guide plate 1C has a high illuminance distribution even in the range of 300 to 500 mm on the x-axis. Yes. That is, it can be seen that by using an illuminating device having θ max of about 15 ° (corresponding to 10 ° <θ max <40 °), it is possible to illuminate brighter up to the viewer.

次に、導光板の第２主面に設けるＶ溝が所定の角度範囲内にある斜面を有する第三実施形態について図１７〜図１９を用いて説明する。この第三実施形態の照明装置も、前述した第一実施形態の照明装置Ｕ１の導光板１Ａを導光板１Ｄに替えた点が異なるだけなので、図１７には、照明装置の要部構成として導光板１Ｄのみを表示する。   Next, a third embodiment having a slope in which a V groove provided on the second main surface of the light guide plate is within a predetermined angle range will be described with reference to FIGS. The illumination device of the third embodiment is also different from the illumination device U1 of the first embodiment described above in that the light guide plate 1A is replaced with the light guide plate 1D. Only the optical plate 1D is displayed.

図１７に示すように、第三実施形態の照明装置が備える導光板１Ｄは、第１斜面Ｖ１Ｄと第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ１Ｄが５５°で、第２斜面Ｖ２Ｄと第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ２Ｄが３５°のＶ溝からなる光取り出し部１５Ｄを設けている。   As shown in FIG. 17, the light guide plate 1D included in the illumination device of the third embodiment has an angle θ1D formed by the first inclined surface V1D and the perpendicular of the second main surface 12 of 55 °, and the second inclined surface V2D and the second inclined surface V2D. A light extraction portion 15D formed of a V-groove having an angle θ2D formed by a perpendicular to the main surface 12 of 35 ° is provided.

すなわち、導光板１Ｄの第２主面１２に設けるＶ溝は、第２主面１２の垂線に対して非対称であり、第１斜面Ｖ１Ｄと第２斜面Ｖ２Ｄとのなす角、θ１Ｄ＋θ２Ｄが９０°の例である。また、導光板１Ｄの厚みｔは３ｍｍであり、Ｖ溝の幅ＬＶは１ｍｍである。   That is, the V-groove provided on the second main surface 12 of the light guide plate 1D is asymmetric with respect to the normal of the second main surface 12, and the angle formed by the first inclined surface V1D and the second inclined surface V2D, θ1D + θ2D is 90 °. It is an example. The thickness t of the light guide plate 1D is 3 mm, and the width LV of the V groove is 1 mm.

この場合は、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θmaxは１７°であり、第１主面１１の垂線方向から１７°手前側（観察者側）に傾いた方向が最大強度となることが判る。In this case, the angle θ max formed by the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light is 17 °, and the direction inclined toward the front side (observer side) by 17 ° from the perpendicular direction of the first main surface 11 may be the maximum intensity. I understand.

また、図１８に示す、照明光強度の角度特性から、射出光の強度は、θ＝５°〜２５°の範囲で強くなっており、照明装置の直下方向から手元方向に向かって、高強度照明領域が実現できていることが判る。   Further, from the angle characteristics of the illumination light intensity shown in FIG. 18, the intensity of the emitted light is strong in the range of θ = 5 ° to 25 °, and the intensity is high from the direction directly below the illumination device toward the hand side. It can be seen that the illumination area is realized.

また、図１９に示す被照射面（机上面）の照度比から明らかなように、この導光板１Ｄを用いた照明装置は、ｘ軸上の０〜３００ｍｍの範囲でも、照度分布が高くなっている。
すなわち、観察者の手元前方側がより明るく照明できることが判る。Further, as is apparent from the illuminance ratio of the irradiated surface (desk surface) shown in FIG. 19, the illuminating device using this light guide plate 1D has a high illuminance distribution even in the range of 0 to 300 mm on the x-axis. Yes.
That is, it can be seen that the front side of the observer can be illuminated more brightly.

第一〜第三実施形態に係る照明装置を照明スタンドとして用いる場合には、スタンド光源からの光が観察者の目に直接入り込まないことが好ましい。そこで、光取り出し部１５（１５Ａ、１５Ｃ、１５Ｄ）を介して偏向された最大強度照射光が机上面で反射する反射光を観察者が観察したときに、スタンド光源の光が観察者の目に入り込むか否かを、図２０を用いて確認してみる。   When using the illuminating device according to the first to third embodiments as an illumination stand, it is preferable that light from the stand light source does not directly enter the eyes of the observer. Therefore, when the observer observes the reflected light that is reflected from the desk top surface by the maximum intensity irradiation light deflected through the light extraction unit 15 (15A, 15C, 15D), the light of the stand light source is in the eyes of the observer. Whether or not to enter will be confirmed using FIG.

図２０に示す照明スタンドＳＴ２は、本実施形態に係る照明装置を用いた照明器具である。また、台座部３１と支柱３２とを備え、該支柱３２の先端側に照明装置Ｕ（Ｕ１）を装着し、該照明装置Ｕ（Ｕ１）の面発光する第１主面１１を該照明面と略平行に設置して使用するようにしている。   A lighting stand ST2 shown in FIG. 20 is a lighting fixture using the lighting device according to the present embodiment. Further, the pedestal portion 31 and the support column 32 are provided, the lighting device U (U1) is mounted on the distal end side of the support column 32, and the first main surface 11 emitting surface light of the lighting device U (U1) is defined as the illumination surface. It is designed to be installed in parallel.

照明装置Ｕ（Ｕ１）は前述したように、使用者側に所定角度（０〜４０度）傾いた照明光分布を示すので、図中の角度θmaxに示す所定角度、使用者（観察者４０）側に傾いた方向に最大強度の照明光を射出する。また、机上面３０から反射した反射光ＲＦを観察者４０が観察する。As described above, the illuminating device U (U1) exhibits an illumination light distribution inclined by a predetermined angle (0 to 40 degrees) toward the user side. Therefore, the illuminating device U (U1) has a predetermined angle indicated by an angle θ max in FIG. ) Emits the illumination light of maximum intensity in the direction inclined to the side. Further, the observer 40 observes the reflected light RF reflected from the desk surface 30.

ここで、通常、人の上下方向の視野角度は、概ね、上側の視野角度ＶＡ１が５０°、下側の視野角度ＶＡ２が７５°程度であるので、反射光ＲＦを観察する観察者の視野範囲は、図に示すように、反射光ＲＦから上側に５０°傾いた上限視野ＡＬ１と、下側に７５°開いた下限視野ＡＬ２の間の領域となる。   Here, normally, the visual field angle of the person in the vertical direction is approximately 50 ° for the upper visual angle VA1 and approximately 75 ° for the lower visual angle VA2, so that the visual field range of the observer who observes the reflected light RF. As shown in the figure, this is a region between the upper limit visual field AL1 tilted 50 ° upward from the reflected light RF and the lower limit visual field AL2 opened 75 ° downward.

また、机上面３０から高さＨ＝４００ｍｍ離れて、机上面３０と略平行に設置される照明装置Ｕ（Ｕ１）からの直接光ＲＬは、この上限視野ＶＬ１から外れておれば、観察者４０の目には入らない。   Further, if the direct light RL from the illumination device U (U1) installed at a height H = 400 mm away from the desk top surface 30 and substantially parallel to the desk top surface 30 deviates from the upper limit visual field VL1, the observer 40 It does not enter the eyes.

例えば、角度θmaxが４０°の場合は、上限視野ＶＬ１が略水平角度となって、照明装置Ｕからの直接光ＲＬが、ギリギリ観察者４０の目に入り込む角度となる。すなわち、θmaxが４０°よりも小さければ、照明装置Ｕからの直接光ＲＬは、観察者４０の目に入り込まない。また、観察者４０の頭が照明装置に当たらない最低限必要な角度のθmaxは約１０°である。すなわち、１０°＜θmaxであれば、観察者４０は、照明装置が頭にぶつかるなどの不都合を感じることなく、照明面を明るく観察することができる。For example, when the angle θ max is 40 °, the upper limit visual field VL1 becomes a substantially horizontal angle, and the direct light RL from the illumination device U enters the eye of the last observer 40. That is, if θ max is smaller than 40 °, the direct light RL from the illumination device U does not enter the eyes of the observer 40. The minimum required angle θ max at which the head of the viewer 40 does not hit the lighting device is about 10 °. That is, if 10 ° <θ max , the observer 40 can observe the illumination surface brightly without feeling inconvenience such as the lighting device hitting the head.

そのために、本実施形態に係る照明装置を照明スタンドとして用いる場合には、導光板の第１主面の垂線と、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θｍａｘが、１０°＜θｍａｘ＜４０°を満たす（より好ましくは前述したように、１５°＜θｍａｘ＜３５°を満たす）ことが好ましい。   Therefore, when the lighting device according to the present embodiment is used as a lighting stand, the angle θmax formed between the perpendicular line of the first main surface of the light guide plate and the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light satisfies 10 ° <θmax <40 °. It is preferable to satisfy (more preferably, as described above, 15 ° <θmax <35 °).

また、光取り出し手段として導光板に設けるＶ溝は、第２主面１２に所定ピッチで配設されるので、Ｖ溝間のピッチが広すぎると、射出面におけるストライプ状の照度ムラが生じてしまう。そのために、照明装置の射出面（最外面、つまり、拡散面）でのストライプ状の照度ムラが略均一になるＶ溝ピッチであり、Ｖ溝形状であることが好ましい。そのために、射出面での照度ムラを小さくして均一に照明可能な所定のＶ溝構成について図２１〜図２３を用いて説明する。   Further, the V-grooves provided in the light guide plate as the light extraction means are arranged at a predetermined pitch on the second main surface 12, so that if the pitch between the V-grooves is too wide, stripe-like illuminance unevenness occurs on the exit surface. End up. For this purpose, the V-groove pitch is such that stripe-like illuminance unevenness is substantially uniform on the exit surface (outermost surface, that is, the diffusing surface) of the lighting device, and is preferably V-groove shape. For this purpose, a predetermined V-groove configuration that can reduce illumination unevenness on the exit surface and uniformly illuminate will be described with reference to FIGS.

図２１に示す導光板１Ｅａは、照明装置の射出面でのストライプ状の照度ムラが略均一になる一定のＶ溝ピッチＰ（例えば、１ｍｍ）とし、断面形状が相似なＶ溝の幅を徐々に広くして、Ｖ溝の占有密度（配置密度）を光源から遠ざかるにつれて大きくしたものである。   The light guide plate 1Ea shown in FIG. 21 has a constant V-groove pitch P (for example, 1 mm) at which the stripe-shaped illuminance unevenness on the exit surface of the lighting device becomes substantially uniform, and gradually increases the width of the V-groove having a similar cross-sectional shape. The occupancy density (arrangement density) of the V-groove is increased as the distance from the light source increases.

Ｖ溝の形状は、先に示した導光板１Ａと同様に、第１斜面Ｖ１と第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ１Ａが６０°で、第２斜面Ｖ２と第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ２Ａが３０°である。また、導光板１Ｅａの厚みｔが３ｍｍに対して、Ｖ溝の幅ＬＶは、その最少幅ＬＶ１が０．２ｍｍで最大幅ＬＶｎが１ｍｍとしている。   As in the light guide plate 1A shown above, the V-groove has an angle θ1A formed by the first slope V1 and the perpendicular of the second main surface 12 of 60 °, and the second slope V2 and the second main surface 12 The angle θ2A formed with the perpendicular is 30 °. The light guide plate 1Ea has a thickness t of 3 mm, and the V-groove width LV is such that the minimum width LV1 is 0.2 mm and the maximum width LVn is 1 mm.

上記したように、θ１Ａ＝６０°、θ２Ａ＝３０°としているので、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θmaxは約２２．５°である。また、出射面から０．５ｍｍ離して拡散板を設けている。このような構成の導光板１Ｅａを用いることで、照明装置の射出面での照度ムラが小さく、且つ、射出光強度最大角度を所定角度傾けた照明装置を実現できる。As described above, θ1A = 60 °, since the θ2A = 30 °, the angle theta max of the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light is about 22.5 °. Further, a diffusion plate is provided at a distance of 0.5 mm from the emission surface. By using the light guide plate 1Ea having such a configuration, it is possible to realize an illuminating device in which unevenness in illuminance on the exit surface of the illuminating device is small and the maximum angle of emitted light intensity is inclined by a predetermined angle.

図２２に示す導光板１Ｅｂは、照明装置の射出面でのストライプ状の照度ムラが略均一になる一定のＶ溝ピッチＰ以下とし、断面形状が相似なＶ溝の幅を徐々に広くして、Ｖ溝の占有密度（配置密度）を光源から遠ざかるにつれて大きくしたものである。   The light guide plate 1Eb shown in FIG. 22 has a V-groove pitch P or less where the stripe-shaped illuminance unevenness on the exit surface of the lighting device becomes substantially uniform, and the width of the V-groove having a similar cross-sectional shape is gradually increased. The occupancy density (arrangement density) of the V-groove is increased as the distance from the light source increases.

また、Ｖ溝の形状は、先に示した導光板１Ａ、１Ｅａと同様に、θ１Ａが６０°で、θ２Ａが３０°である。また、導光板１Ｅｂの厚みｔが３ｍｍに対して、Ｖ溝の幅ＬＶは、その最大幅ＬＶｎが０．６ｍｍで、その最少幅ＬＶ１が０．２ｍｍとしている。また、Ｖ溝ピッチは、Ｐ１＝１．０ｍｍで、Ｐｎ＝０．６ｍｍとしている。   Further, the V-groove has a shape of θ1A of 60 ° and θ2A of 30 °, similar to the light guide plates 1A and 1Ea described above. Further, for the thickness t of the light guide plate 1Eb of 3 mm, the maximum width LVn of the V groove LV is 0.6 mm and the minimum width LV1 is 0.2 mm. The V groove pitch is P1 = 1.0 mm and Pn = 0.6 mm.

この構成でも、θ１Ａ＝６０°、θ２Ａ＝３０°としているので、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θmaxは約２２．５°である。また、出射面から０．５ｍｍ離して拡散板を設けている。このような構成の導光板１Ｅｂを用いることで、照明装置の射出面での照度ムラが小さく、且つ、射出光強度最大角度を所定角度傾けた照明装置を実現できる。さらに、ピッチ一定の場合よりも、よりＶ溝の面積密度を変化させることができるので、より均一な照明装置を実現できる。In this configuration, θ1A = 60 °, since the θ2A = 30 °, the angle theta max of the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light is about 22.5 °. Further, a diffusion plate is provided at a distance of 0.5 mm from the emission surface. By using the light guide plate 1Eb having such a configuration, it is possible to realize an illuminating device in which the illuminance unevenness on the exit surface of the illuminating device is small and the maximum angle of the emitted light intensity is inclined by a predetermined angle. Furthermore, since the area density of the V-groove can be changed more than when the pitch is constant, a more uniform illumination device can be realized.

次に、図２３を用いて、Ｖ溝間のピッチと照明装置の射出面におけるストライプ状の照度ムラのコントラストについて説明する。この図２３には、導光板１Ｅｃの第２主面１２に設けるＶ溝を介して射出される照明光を細い実線で示している。また、第１主面１１の下側に所定距離離して拡散板５を配設している。   Next, with reference to FIG. 23, the pitch between the V-grooves and the stripe-shaped illuminance unevenness contrast on the exit surface of the illumination device will be described. In FIG. 23, illumination light emitted through the V-groove provided on the second main surface 12 of the light guide plate 1Ec is indicated by a thin solid line. In addition, a diffusion plate 5 is disposed below the first main surface 11 at a predetermined distance.

本実施形態に係る照明装置は、光源側に傾斜したＶ溝の傾斜面にて大部分の光が取り出される。一方、光源側に傾斜した斜面以外の部分から射出面で出射する光が少ないため、照明装置の射出面がストライプ状に観察される場合が生じる。Ｖ溝間のピッチが広すぎると、射出面（又は、拡散板面）におけるストライプ状の照度ムラのコントラストが大きくなる。拡散板は射出面から遠いほど拡散効果は高いが、大型化するので好ましくない。   In the illuminating device according to the present embodiment, most of the light is extracted from the inclined surface of the V groove inclined to the light source side. On the other hand, since there is little light emitted by the exit surface from a portion other than the slope inclined to the light source side, the exit surface of the illumination device may be observed in a stripe shape. If the pitch between the V grooves is too wide, the contrast of stripe-like illuminance unevenness on the exit surface (or the diffusion plate surface) increases. As the diffusion plate is farther from the exit surface, the diffusion effect is higher, but it is not preferable because it increases in size.

図中に示すＬｂは、射出面から出射する光を主には生成しない非射出領域である。そのために、この非射出領域の幅Ｌｂと射出光強度最大角度θmaxに対して、所定の条件式に基づき拡散板の配設位置を決定し、小型でありながら射出面が眩しくない照明を実現することができる。Lb shown in the figure is a non-emission region that does not mainly generate light emitted from the emission surface. For this purpose, the arrangement position of the diffusion plate is determined based on a predetermined conditional expression with respect to the width Lb of the non-emission area and the maximum emission light intensity angle θ max , thereby realizing illumination that is small but has no emission surface. can do.

例えば、Ｖ溝を設ける第２主面１２から拡散板５との離間距離を空気換算距離でｄとしたときに、式（１）を満たすように配置する。
ｄ＝Ｌｂ／ｓｉｎθmax・・・式（１）For example, when the distance from the second main surface 12 where the V-groove is provided to the diffusion plate 5 is d as an air conversion distance, it is arranged so as to satisfy the formula (1).
d = Lb / sin θ max (1)

すなわち、Ｌｂ＝０．７ｍｍ、θmax＝２０°のときに、ｄ＝２ｍｍとなるので、導光板の厚みや拡散板の厚みを考慮しながら空気換算距離で約２ｍｍとなる部位に拡散板５を配置している。That is, when Lb = 0.7 mm and θ max = 20 °, d = 2 mm, so that the diffusion plate 5 is placed at a portion where the air conversion distance is about 2 mm while taking into consideration the thickness of the light guide plate and the thickness of the diffusion plate. Is arranged.

上記のような構成とすることで、隣り合うＶ溝の傾斜面からの光が、拡散板上で繋がるので、ストライプ状の光が分散されて射出され、射出面で照度の均一な照明装置を実現できる。   With the configuration as described above, the light from the inclined surfaces of the adjacent V-grooves is connected on the diffusion plate, so that the striped light is dispersed and emitted, and the illumination device with uniform illumination on the emission surface realizable.

また、導光板に設ける光取り出し手段は、Ｖ溝以外に、拡散ドット、例えばレンズ状の三次元拡散ドットを用いて形成することも可能である。そのために、三次元拡散ドットにより光取り出し手段を形成した第四実施形態について図２４〜図２７を用いて説明する。
この第四実施形態の照明装置も、前述した第一実施形態の照明装置Ｕ１の導光板１Ａを三次元拡散ドット（凸ドット）ＤＴ１を備える導光板１Ｆに替えた点が異なるだけなので、図２４には、照明装置の要部構成として導光板１Ｆのみを表示する。Further, the light extraction means provided on the light guide plate can be formed using a diffusion dot, for example, a lens-shaped three-dimensional diffusion dot, in addition to the V-groove. For this purpose, a fourth embodiment in which the light extraction means is formed by three-dimensional diffusion dots will be described with reference to FIGS.
The illumination device of the fourth embodiment also differs in that the light guide plate 1A of the illumination device U1 of the first embodiment described above is replaced with a light guide plate 1F provided with three-dimensional diffusion dots (convex dots) DT1, so that FIG. Only the light guide plate 1 </ b> F is displayed as the main configuration of the illumination device.

図２４に示す導光板１Ｆは、上面の第２主面１２に三次元拡散ドットＤＴ１を所定ピッチで複数配置したものである。また、この三次元拡散ドットＤＴ１は、例えば、長径Ｌｄ１＝０．５ｍｍ、短径Ｌｄ２＝０．３ｍｍ、コーニック係数−０．５６の回転楕円体を、長辺を導光方向に一致させ、導光方向に２０°回転させるように傾斜させた楕円球を、第２主面と平行な平面でカットした形状を有する。   A light guide plate 1F shown in FIG. 24 has a plurality of three-dimensional diffusion dots DT1 arranged at a predetermined pitch on the second main surface 12 on the upper surface. Further, the three-dimensional diffusion dot DT1 is formed by, for example, introducing a spheroid having a major axis Ld1 = 0.5 mm, a minor axis Ld2 = 0.3 mm, and a conic coefficient of −0.56 with a long side aligned with the light guide direction. It has a shape obtained by cutting an elliptical sphere inclined so as to be rotated by 20 ° in the light direction along a plane parallel to the second main surface.

このような偏心した３次元拡散ドットＤＴ１は、例えば、ＵＶ硬化樹脂をノズルから導光板上の任意の位置に拭き付け、紫外線を照射して硬化させることにより製作可能である。偏心形状は、一つのドットを量をコントロールしながら位置をずらせながら複数回重ねて拭き付け硬化させることにより製作できる。また、導光板と一体に成形することにより製作することもできる。   Such an eccentric three-dimensional diffusion dot DT1 can be manufactured, for example, by wiping a UV curable resin from a nozzle to an arbitrary position on the light guide plate and irradiating it with ultraviolet rays to be cured. The eccentric shape can be produced by wiping and curing one dot a plurality of times while shifting the position while controlling the amount. Moreover, it can also manufacture by shape | molding integrally with a light-guide plate.

三次元拡散ドットＤＴ１の断面が偏心した傾きを有することにより、拡散ドット表面で全反射し、第１主面より射出される照明光の射出角度を斜め方向にコントロールすることができる。   Since the cross section of the three-dimensional diffusion dot DT1 has an eccentric inclination, the emission angle of illumination light that is totally reflected on the surface of the diffusion dot and emitted from the first main surface can be controlled in an oblique direction.

また、三次元拡散ドットＤＴ１は、入射面から遠ざかるにつれて互いの間隔が小さくなるように、すなわち徐々に密度が高くなるように配置される。この三次元拡散ドットＤＴ１の配置をコントロールすることにより、射出面で均一な輝度分布を有する高品位な照明装置を実現できる。   Further, the three-dimensional diffusion dots DT1 are arranged so that the distance from each other decreases as the distance from the incident surface increases, that is, the density gradually increases. By controlling the arrangement of the three-dimensional diffusion dots DT1, a high-quality lighting device having a uniform luminance distribution on the exit surface can be realized.

また、図２５に、三次元拡散ドットＤＴ１を形成した導光板１Ｆを備えた照明装置の照明光強度の角度特性を示し、図２６に、被照射面（机上面）の照度比を示す。この構成では、θmax＝２５°程度であり、ｘ軸の正領域（観察者側）を広く効率的に照明していることが判る。FIG. 25 shows the angle characteristics of the illumination light intensity of the illumination device provided with the light guide plate 1F on which the three-dimensional diffusion dots DT1 are formed, and FIG. 26 shows the illuminance ratio of the irradiated surface (desk top surface). In this configuration, θ max = about 25 °, and it can be seen that the positive region (observer side) of the x axis is widely and efficiently illuminated.

図２７において、ＬＥＤ２の上半部から出射された光は、第１偏向平面１３ａで屈折して第２主面１２に向かい、ＬＥＤ２の下半部から出射された光は、第２偏向平面１３ｂで屈折して第１主面１１に向かうようにして、導光板１Ｆ内を導光する。導光した光は、三次元拡散ドットＤＴ１に入射した後、その球面もしくは非球面で反射して、全反射条件が崩れた状態で第１主面１１側に入射するので、これを透過して出射するようになっている。   In FIG. 27, the light emitted from the upper half of the LED 2 is refracted by the first deflection plane 13a and travels toward the second main surface 12, and the light emitted from the lower half of the LED 2 is the second deflection plane 13b. The light is guided through the light guide plate 1 </ b> F so as to be refracted at the first main surface 11. The guided light is incident on the three-dimensional diffusion dot DT1, then reflected by the spherical surface or aspherical surface and incident on the first main surface 11 side in a state where the total reflection condition is broken. It comes out.

上記したように、所定方向に偏心したレンズ状の三次元拡散ドットＤＴ１を形成した光取り出し部１５Ｆを備えた導光板１Ｆであっても、第１主面の垂直方向から所定角度外れた傾いた方向に最大強度を有する照明光を生成することができる。   As described above, even the light guide plate 1F including the light extraction portion 15F formed with the lens-shaped three-dimensional diffusion dots DT1 decentered in the predetermined direction is inclined at a predetermined angle away from the vertical direction of the first main surface. Illumination light having a maximum intensity in the direction can be generated.

すなわち、異なる傾斜角度の第１斜面と第２斜面とを有するＶ溝を複数備えた光取り出し部１５（１５Ａ、１５Ｃ、１５Ｄ）でも、三次元拡散ドットＤＴ１を複数備えた光取り出し部１５Ｆでも、第１主面の垂直方向から所定角度外れた傾いた方向に最大強度を有する照明光を生成することができる。   That is, in the light extraction part 15 (15A, 15C, 15D) provided with a plurality of V grooves having a first slope and a second slope with different inclination angles, or in the light extraction part 15F provided with a plurality of three-dimensional diffusion dots DT1, Illumination light having the maximum intensity can be generated in a direction inclined by a predetermined angle from the vertical direction of the first main surface.

図２８は、別な変形例にかかる導光板１を、ＬＥＤ２と共に示す断面図である。本実施形態では、第２主面１２上にインクジェットで０．１ｍｍ径程度の平面状ドットＩＪを描画している。屈折率が1.5の導光板１に対して、第１主面１１と第２主面１２とで全反射しながら導光するので、反射角で42度〜83度の導光光は、損失を低く抑えることができる。一方、反射角で83度から90度の導光光は、入射面により屈折した光源周辺光や入射面エッジによる回折光なので低強度となる。更に、反射角38度から42度で全反射しない導光光は、光源から周辺に出射される低強度の光であり、更に入射面でフレネル反射するため低強度である（図２９のグラフ参照）。つまり、高強度の光を全反射で導光するので高効率である。   FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view showing the light guide plate 1 according to another modification together with the LEDs 2. In the present embodiment, planar dots IJ having a diameter of about 0.1 mm are drawn on the second main surface 12 by inkjet. The light guide plate 1 having a refractive index of 1.5 is guided while being totally reflected by the first main surface 11 and the second main surface 12, so that the light guide light having a reflection angle of 42 degrees to 83 degrees has a loss. It can be kept low. On the other hand, the light guide light having a reflection angle of 83 ° to 90 ° has low intensity because it is light from the light source that has been refracted by the incident surface and diffracted light by the edge of the incident surface. Furthermore, the guided light that is not totally reflected at a reflection angle of 38 to 42 degrees is low-intensity light that is emitted from the light source to the periphery, and is also low-intensity because it is Fresnel-reflected at the incident surface (see the graph of FIG. 29) ). That is, since high intensity light is guided by total reflection, it is highly efficient.

図２８において、ＬＥＤ２の上半部から出射された光は、第１偏向平面１３ａで屈折して第２主面１２に向かい、ＬＥＤ２の下半部から出射された光は、第２偏向平面１３ｂで屈折して第１主面１１に向かうようにして、導光板１内を導光する。第２主面１２には光を拡散させる拡散ドットＩＪが形成されている。拡散ドットＩＪは例えば、直径１ｍｍの円形で、ピッチ１．５〜２ｍｍで配置されている。拡散ドットＩＪの大きさ、形状、ピッチはこれに限らず、所定の明るさや配光を満たすように設定すればよい。また、ライン状の拡散部も拡散ドットに含まれる。導光した光は、拡散ドットＩＪに入射した後に拡散反射して、全反射条件が崩れた状態で第１主面１１側に入射するので、これを透過して出射するようになっている。拡散ドットＩＪの拡散度を変えることで配光を変化させることができる。拡散度を小さくすれば第１主面１１から射出する角度を大きくすることができる。   In FIG. 28, the light emitted from the upper half of the LED 2 is refracted by the first deflection plane 13a toward the second main surface 12, and the light emitted from the lower half of the LED 2 is the second deflection plane 13b. Then, the light is guided through the light guide plate 1 so as to be refracted at the first main surface 11. Diffusion dots IJ that diffuse light are formed on the second major surface 12. The diffusing dots IJ are, for example, circular with a diameter of 1 mm and are arranged with a pitch of 1.5 to 2 mm. The size, shape, and pitch of the diffusing dots IJ are not limited to this, and may be set so as to satisfy predetermined brightness and light distribution. Moreover, the line-shaped diffusion part is also included in the diffusion dots. The guided light is diffused and reflected after entering the diffusing dot IJ and is incident on the first main surface 11 side in a state where the total reflection condition is broken, so that it is transmitted through and emitted. The light distribution can be changed by changing the diffusion degree of the diffusion dots IJ. If the diffusivity is reduced, the angle of emission from the first main surface 11 can be increased.

図３０は、別な変形例にかかる導光板１を、ＬＥＤ２と共に示す断面図である。本変形例では、入射面１３を２分割して、上半分を第１フレネルレンズ面（第１偏向面）１３ｃ、下半分を第２フレネルレンズ面（第２偏向面）１３ｄとしている。それ以外の構成は、上述した実施形態と同様である。   FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view showing the light guide plate 1 according to another modified example together with the LEDs 2. In the present modification, the incident surface 13 is divided into two, and the upper half is a first Fresnel lens surface (first deflection surface) 13c and the lower half is a second Fresnel lens surface (second deflection surface) 13d. Other configurations are the same as those in the above-described embodiment.

図３０において、ＬＥＤ２の上半部から出射された光は、第１フレネルレンズ面１３ｃで屈折して第２主面１２に向かい、ＬＥＤ２の下半部から出射された光は、第２フレネルレンズ面１３ｄで屈折して第１主面１１に向かうようにして、導光板１内を導光する。このように、入射面１３をフレネルレンズ状に分割して2光束に分割し、更に徐々に端部ほど傾斜角が小さくなるように傾斜角を変えて、端部に近い光束と導光板中心付近の光束の角度を近づけた光束として、射出方向を揃えて強度向上を図れる。   In FIG. 30, the light emitted from the upper half of the LED 2 is refracted by the first Fresnel lens surface 13c and travels toward the second main surface 12, and the light emitted from the lower half of the LED 2 is the second Fresnel lens. The light is guided through the light guide plate 1 so as to be refracted by the surface 13d toward the first main surface 11. In this way, the incident surface 13 is divided into a Fresnel lens and divided into two light beams, and the angle of inclination is gradually changed so that the angle of inclination gradually decreases toward the end, and the light beam near the end and the vicinity of the center of the light guide plate The intensity of the light beam can be improved by aligning the emission direction as a light beam with the angle of the light beam close.

図３１は、別な変形例にかかる導光板１を、ＬＥＤ２と共に示す断面図である。本変形例では、入射面１３を２分割して、上半分を、集光作用を有する第１屈折面（第１偏向面）１３ｅ、下半分を、集光作用を有する第２屈折面（第２偏向面）１３ｆとしている。それ以外の構成は、上述した実施形態と同様である。   FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view showing the light guide plate 1 according to another modification together with the LEDs 2. In this modification, the incident surface 13 is divided into two, the upper half is a first refracting surface (first deflection surface) 13e having a condensing function, and the lower half is a second refracting surface (first refracting surface having a condensing function). 2 deflection surface) 13f. Other configurations are the same as those in the above-described embodiment.

図３１において、ＬＥＤ２の上半部から出射された光は、第１屈折面１３ｅで屈折して第２主面１２に向かい、ＬＥＤ２の下半部から出射された光は、第２屈折面１３ｆで屈折して第１主面１１に向かうようにして、導光板１内を導光する。   In FIG. 31, the light emitted from the upper half of the LED 2 is refracted by the first refracting surface 13e and travels toward the second main surface 12, and the light emitted from the lower half of the LED 2 is refracted by the second refracting surface 13f. Then, the light is guided through the light guide plate 1 so as to be refracted at the first main surface 11.

図３２は、別な変形例にかかる導光板１を、ＬＥＤ２と共に示す断面図である。本変形例では、光取り出し手段としての凸部１５’を第２主面１２に突出して形成している。凸部１５’は、光源側の斜面Ｓ１と逆側の斜面（傾斜面）Ｓ２とからなる。それ以外の構成は、上述した実施形態と同様である。凸部１５’の形状としては図３２に示される断面が三角形以外に他の形状でもよく、例えば断面が台形であってもよい。   FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view showing the light guide plate 1 according to another modification together with the LEDs 2. In the present modification, a convex portion 15 ′ as a light extraction means is formed to protrude from the second main surface 12. The convex portion 15 'includes a light source side slope S1 and an opposite slope (inclined surface) S2. Other configurations are the same as those in the above-described embodiment. As the shape of the convex portion 15 ′, the cross section shown in FIG. 32 may be other shapes besides a triangle, for example, the cross section may be a trapezoid.

図３２において、ＬＥＤ２の上半部から出射された光は、第１偏向平面１３ａで屈折して第２主面１２に向かい、ＬＥＤ２の下半部から出射された光は、第２偏向平面１３ｂで屈折して第１主面１１に向かうようにして、導光板１内を導光した後、斜面Ｓ２に入射することにより反射拡散され、全反射角から外れた光束が、第１主面１１から照明光として射出される。   In FIG. 32, the light emitted from the upper half of the LED 2 is refracted by the first deflection plane 13a toward the second main surface 12, and the light emitted from the lower half of the LED 2 is the second deflection plane 13b. After being guided through the light guide plate 1 so as to be refracted at the first principal surface 11 and then incident on the inclined surface S2, the light flux that is reflected and diffused and deviates from the total reflection angle is reflected on the first principal surface 11. Is emitted as illumination light.

図３３は、別な変形例にかかる導光板１を、ＬＥＤ２と共に示す断面図である。本変形例では、第１主面１１の端部近傍に対向して、ＬＥＤ２を設けている。それ以外の構成は、上述した実施形態と同様である。ＬＥＤ２の左半部から出射された光は、第１主面１１から入射し第２偏向平面１３ｂで反射して第１主面１１に向かい、ＬＥＤ２の右半部から出射された光は、第１偏向平面１３ａで反射して第２主面１２に向かうようになっている。   FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view showing the light guide plate 1 according to another modification together with the LEDs 2. In the present modification, the LED 2 is provided facing the vicinity of the end of the first main surface 11. Other configurations are the same as those in the above-described embodiment. The light emitted from the left half of the LED 2 is incident from the first main surface 11, reflected by the second deflection plane 13 b toward the first main surface 11, and the light emitted from the right half of the LED 2 is The light is reflected by the one deflection plane 13 a and travels toward the second main surface 12.

図３４は、別な変形例にかかる導光板１を、ＬＥＤ２と共に示す断面図である。本変形例では、第１主面１１側に光取り出し部１５としてのＶ溝を設けている。Ｖ溝の第１斜面（傾斜面）Ｖ１Ｂの傾斜角度は３０度である。それ以外の構成は、上述した実施形態と同様である。   FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view showing the light guide plate 1 according to another modification together with the LEDs 2. In this modification, a V groove as the light extraction portion 15 is provided on the first main surface 11 side. The inclination angle of the first inclined surface (inclined surface) V1B of the V groove is 30 degrees. Other configurations are the same as those in the above-described embodiment.

ＬＥＤ２の上半部から出射された光は、第１偏向平面１３ａで屈折して第２主面１２に向かい、ＬＥＤ２の下半部から出射された光は、第２偏向平面１３ｂで屈折して第１主面１１に向かうようにして、導光板１内を導光した後、第１斜面Ｖ１Ｇに入射することにより全反射が崩れて透過し、第１主面１１から照明光として射出される。このとき、出射方向は、第１斜面Ｖ１Ｇに対して反光源側に５０度傾斜（第１主面１１の法線に対して８０度傾斜）した状態である。本変形例では、導光板の屈折率を１．５としたときに、反射角で42度〜83度の導光光は、第１主面１１と第２主面１２とで全反射しながら導光するので、損失を低く抑えることができる。一方、反射角で83度から90度の導光光は、入射面により屈折した光源周辺光や入射面エッジによる回折光なので低強度となる。更に、反射角38度から42度で全反射しない導光光は、光源から周辺に出射される低強度の光であり、更に入射面でフレネル反射するため低強度である（図２９のグラフ参照）。つまり、高強度の光を全反射で導光するので高効率である。   The light emitted from the upper half of the LED 2 is refracted by the first deflection plane 13a toward the second main surface 12, and the light emitted from the lower half of the LED 2 is refracted by the second deflection plane 13b. After being guided through the light guide plate 1 so as to be directed to the first main surface 11, the total reflection is broken and transmitted by entering the first inclined surface V 1 G, and emitted from the first main surface 11 as illumination light. . At this time, the emission direction is in a state inclined by 50 degrees on the side opposite to the light source with respect to the first inclined surface V1G (inclined by 80 degrees with respect to the normal line of the first main surface 11). In this modification, when the refractive index of the light guide plate is 1.5, the light guide light having a reflection angle of 42 to 83 degrees is totally reflected by the first main surface 11 and the second main surface 12. Since the light is guided, the loss can be kept low. On the other hand, the light guide light having a reflection angle of 83 ° to 90 ° has low intensity because it is light from the light source that has been refracted by the incident surface and diffracted light by the edge of the incident surface. Furthermore, the guided light that is not totally reflected at a reflection angle of 38 to 42 degrees is low-intensity light that is emitted from the light source to the periphery, and is also low-intensity because it is Fresnel-reflected at the incident surface (see the graph of FIG. 29) ). That is, since high intensity light is guided by total reflection, it is highly efficient.

本発明者らが行った検討結果について説明する。図３５に示すモデルにて、第２主面１２の法線に対する第１斜面Ｖ１の角度をθ１、第２斜面Ｖ２の角度をθ２，入射面１３のＶ溝角度をθ３（θ３＝１８０°−２θ）としたときに、
（Ａ）第１偏向平面１３ａ及び第２偏向平面１３ｂの双方より光を入射
（Ｂ）第１偏向平面１３ａのみから光を入射
（Ｃ）第２偏向平面１３ｂのみから光を入射
の３条件で比較した。The results of studies conducted by the present inventors will be described. In the model shown in FIG. 35, the angle of the first slope V1 with respect to the normal line of the second main surface 12 is θ1, the angle of the second slope V2 is θ2, and the V groove angle of the incident surface 13 is θ3 (θ3 = 180 ° − 2θ),
(A) Light is incident from both the first deflection plane 13a and the second deflection plane 13b. (B) Light is incident only from the first deflection plane 13a. (C) Light is incident only from the second deflection plane 13b. Compared.

図３６（ａ）〜（ｃ）は、θ３＝１６０度、θ１＝６０度、θ２＝３０度の時に、それぞれ条件（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）に対応する照明光強度の角度特性を示す図である。ＲＡ，ＲＢの説明は、図７と同様である。この例では、条件（Ａ）の最大ピーク角θmax・allは２３度、条件（Ｂ）の最大ピーク角θmax・upperは２３度、条件（Ｃ）の最大ピーク角θmax・lowerは２３度であるから、第１偏向平面１３ａ及び第２偏向平面１３ｂを透過した光は、同一方向に出射する。FIGS. 36A to 36C are diagrams showing angular characteristics of illumination light intensities corresponding to the conditions (A) to (C) when θ3 = 160 degrees, θ1 = 60 degrees, and θ2 = 30 degrees, respectively. is there. The description of RA and RB is the same as in FIG. In this example, the maximum peak angle θ max · all in condition (A) is 23 degrees, the maximum peak angle θ max · upper in condition (B) is 23 degrees, and the maximum peak angle θ max · lower in condition (C) is 23 degrees. Therefore, the light transmitted through the first deflection plane 13a and the second deflection plane 13b is emitted in the same direction.

図３７（ａ）〜（ｃ）は、θ３＝１４０度、θ１＝６０度、θ２＝３０度の時に、それぞれ条件（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）に対応する照明光強度の角度特性を示す図である。この例では、条件（Ａ）の最大ピーク角θmax・allは２３度、条件（Ｂ）の最大ピーク角θmax・upperは２２度、条件（Ｃ）の最大ピーク角θmax・lowerは２８度であるから、第１偏向平面１３ａを透過した光に対して、第２偏向平面１３ｂを透過した光が外向きとなるよう出射方向を変えることができる。FIGS. 37A to 37C are diagrams showing angular characteristics of illumination light intensity corresponding to the conditions (A) to (C) when θ3 = 140 degrees, θ1 = 60 degrees, and θ2 = 30 degrees, respectively. is there. In this example, the maximum peak angle θ max · all in condition (A) is 23 degrees, the maximum peak angle θ max · upper in condition (B) is 22 degrees, and the maximum peak angle θ max · lower in condition (C) is 28 degrees. Therefore, the direction of emission can be changed so that the light transmitted through the second deflection plane 13b faces outward with respect to the light transmitted through the first deflection plane 13a.

図３８（ａ）〜（ｃ）は、θ３＝１７０度、θ１＝６０度、θ２＝３０度の時に、それぞれ条件（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）に対応する照明光強度の角度特性を示す図である。この例では、条件（Ａ）の最大ピーク角θmax・allは２３度、条件（Ｂ）の最大ピーク角θmax・upperは２３．５度、条件（Ｃ）の最大ピーク角θmax・lowerは２１度であるから、第１偏向平面１３ａを透過した光に対して、第２偏向平面１３ｂを透過した光が内向きとなるよう出射方向を変えることができる。第１偏向平面１３ａを透過した出射光と、第２偏向平面１３ｂを透過した出射光とのピーク角度差は、１０度以内であるのが好ましい。FIGS. 38A to 38C are diagrams showing angular characteristics of illumination light intensities corresponding to the conditions (A) to (C) when θ3 = 170 degrees, θ1 = 60 degrees, and θ2 = 30 degrees, respectively. is there. In this example, the maximum peak angle θ max · all of condition (A) is 23 degrees, the maximum peak angle θ max · upper of condition (B) is 23.5 degrees, and the maximum peak angle θ max · lower of condition (C) is Since the angle is 21 degrees, it is possible to change the emission direction so that the light transmitted through the second deflection plane 13b becomes inward with respect to the light transmitted through the first deflection plane 13a. The difference in peak angle between the outgoing light transmitted through the first deflection plane 13a and the outgoing light transmitted through the second deflection plane 13b is preferably within 10 degrees.

以上述べたように、導光板のＶ溝の配設ピッチや溝幅を考慮することにより、射出面での照度ムラを小さくし、より均一に照明できる照明装置を実現することができる。凸ドットの場合も同様に、所定の三次元形状と所定の配設ピッチを採用することにより、射出面での照度ムラを小さくし、より均一に照明できる照明装置を実現できる。   As described above, by considering the arrangement pitch and groove width of the V-groove of the light guide plate, it is possible to reduce the illuminance unevenness on the exit surface and realize an illumination device that can illuminate more uniformly. Similarly, in the case of convex dots, by adopting a predetermined three-dimensional shape and a predetermined arrangement pitch, it is possible to realize an illuminating device that can reduce illumination unevenness on the exit surface and illuminate more uniformly.

そのために、これらの光取り出し部１５を備えた照明装置Ｕ（Ｕ１）を用いて、この照明装置Ｕ（Ｕ１）を被照明領域の奥の方に設置しても、手前側の被照明領域を効率よく照明することができる照明器具、すなわち、低消費電力でありながら、手元を効率よく照明できる照明器具を得ることができる。   Therefore, even if this illuminating device U (U1) is installed in the back of the illuminated area using the illuminating device U (U1) provided with these light extraction sections 15, the illuminated area on the near side is reduced. It is possible to obtain a luminaire that can illuminate efficiently, that is, a luminaire that can illuminate a hand efficiently while having low power consumption.

また、本実施形態に係る照明装置Ｕ（Ｕ１）を装着して、該照明装置の面発光する第１主面１１を被照明面と略平行に設置して使用する構成とした照明スタンドは、この照明装置を被照明領域の奥の方に設置して第１主面を机上面と略平行にしても、使用者の手前側の被照明領域を効率よく照明することができる。すなわち、低消費電力でありながら、手元を効率よく照明できる照明スタンドを得ることができる。   In addition, an illumination stand that is configured to be used by installing the illumination device U (U1) according to the present embodiment and installing and using the first main surface 11 that emits the surface of the illumination device substantially parallel to the surface to be illuminated. Even if this lighting device is installed in the back of the illuminated area and the first main surface is substantially parallel to the desk surface, the illuminated area on the near side of the user can be efficiently illuminated. That is, it is possible to obtain an illumination stand that can illuminate the hand efficiently while having low power consumption.

上記したように、本発明に係る照明装置は、第１主面の外側に拡散板を配置しているので、光取り出し手段が離散的に配置されていても、射出面における照明光の照度ムラ（輝度ムラ）を低減して、均一で目に優しい高品位な照明装置を実現できる。また、光取り出し手段を介して発光素子（ＬＥＤ）からの光を所定角度偏向させて照明光として照射しているので、導光板の照明光を射出する主面の向かう方向とは異なる方向に強い光を照射可能な配光特性を有する。そのために、導光板を用いることにより、薄型、軽量であり、且つ、低消費電力でありながら、手元を効率よく照明できる照明器具および照明スタンドに好適な照明装置となる。   As described above, since the illuminating device according to the present invention has the diffuser plate arranged outside the first main surface, the illuminance unevenness of the illumination light on the exit surface even if the light extraction means are discretely arranged. (Brightness unevenness) can be reduced, and a high-quality lighting device that is uniform and easy on the eyes can be realized. Further, since the light from the light emitting element (LED) is deflected by a predetermined angle through the light extraction means and irradiated as illumination light, the light is strong in a direction different from the direction of the main surface emitting the illumination light of the light guide plate. It has a light distribution characteristic capable of irradiating light. Therefore, by using the light guide plate, the lighting device is suitable for a lighting fixture and a lighting stand that can illuminate a hand efficiently while being thin and lightweight and having low power consumption.

次に、第五実施形態による照明装置に用いる導光板について図３９を用いて説明する。   Next, a light guide plate used in the lighting apparatus according to the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

図３９に示す導光板１Ｈは、図１と同様の本実施形態の照明装置が備えて好適なものであって、屈折率１以上の透明体、例えば、屈折率約１．５のＰＭＭＡ、ＰＣから構成され、長さＬが５０ｍｍで、幅（紙面に垂直方向）が２００ｍｍであり、厚さ＝３ｍｍである。又、光取り出し部１５の拡散角度（半値全幅)σ＝５?、ｔ・ｓｉｎσ＝０．２６ｍｍ、Ｖ溝の幅は一定で、Ｖ溝の幅Ｌｖ＝０．５ｍｍ、光取り出し用の斜面間の距離は隣接するＶ溝の幅より大きく且つ一定で、Ｐmax＝０．８２５ｍｍ、Ｖ溝ピッチは一定で１．２ｍｍ、入射面の角度１６０度、拡散板のヘイズ値８５％である。尚、ヘイズ値とは、Ｔｄ／Ｔｔ×１００（％）で得られる値である。但し、Ｔｄ：拡散透過率、Ｔｔ：全光線透過率である。A light guide plate 1H shown in FIG. 39 is suitable for the illumination device of this embodiment similar to that shown in FIG. 1, and is a transparent body having a refractive index of 1 or more, for example, PMMA or PC having a refractive index of about 1.5. The length L is 50 mm, the width (in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface) is 200 mm, and the thickness is 3 mm. Further, the diffusion angle (full width at half maximum) σ = 5 ?, t · sin σ = 0.26 mm of the light extraction portion 15, the width of the V groove is constant, the width Lv of the V groove is 0.5 mm, and between the inclined surfaces for light extraction The distance is larger and constant than the width of the adjacent V-groove, P max = 0.825 mm, the V-groove pitch is constant 1.2 mm, the incident surface angle is 160 degrees, and the haze value of the diffusion plate is 85%. The haze value is a value obtained by Td / Tt × 100 (%). However, Td: diffuse transmittance, Tt: total light transmittance.

また、入射面１３に、頂角θ３が、１６０°のＶ溝状の光束分岐部１６を設けている。このようなＶ溝状の光束分岐部１６を設けることで、発光素子からの光を導光板１Ｇの第１主面１１と第２主面１２とに向かう方向に分岐し、端面１４に到達する前に、光取り出し部１５を介して、効率的に、第１主面１１から射出して、高効率の照明装置を実現することができる。   In addition, the incident surface 13 is provided with a V-groove light beam branching portion 16 having an apex angle θ3 of 160 °. By providing such a V-groove shaped light beam branching portion 16, the light from the light emitting element is branched in the direction toward the first main surface 11 and the second main surface 12 of the light guide plate 1 </ b> G and reaches the end surface 14. Before, it can inject | emitted from the 1st main surface 11 efficiently via the light extraction part 15, and can implement | achieve a highly efficient illuminating device.

光束分岐部１６を設けることで、ＬＥＤ２から射出された光のうち最も強度の強い垂直方向の射出光を入射面１３で屈折させて、導光板１Ｇ内を、上下の主面間で反射させながら導光し、Ｖ溝状の光取り出し部１５を介して全反射角から外れた光を生成して第１主面１１から射出することができる。   By providing the light beam branching portion 16, the light having the highest intensity in the light emitted from the LED 2 is refracted by the incident surface 13, and the light guide plate 1G is reflected between the upper and lower main surfaces. The light is guided, and light deviated from the total reflection angle can be generated via the V-groove-shaped light extraction portion 15 and emitted from the first main surface 11.

入射面１３が平面の場合は、ＬＥＤ２から垂直に射出された光は、導光板内を直進するためロスが大きくなる。   When the incident surface 13 is a flat surface, the light emitted perpendicularly from the LED 2 travels straight in the light guide plate, resulting in a large loss.

導光板１Ｇの上面（第２主面１２）には、光取り出し部１５として断面が三角形状の複数のＶ溝（凸又は凹構造）が形成されている。このように、光取り出し部１５を射出面（第１主面１１）と対向する面に設けることにより、射出面における照度分布を均一化することができる。特に、Ｖ溝特有のギラツキ感を緩和することができ、目に優しい高品位な照明を実現することが可能となる。   On the upper surface (second main surface 12) of the light guide plate 1G, a plurality of V grooves (convex or concave structures) having a triangular cross section are formed as the light extraction portion 15. Thus, by providing the light extraction portion 15 on the surface facing the emission surface (first main surface 11), the illuminance distribution on the emission surface can be made uniform. In particular, it is possible to relieve the glaring sensation peculiar to the V-groove, and it is possible to realize high-quality illumination that is kind to the eyes.

Ｖ溝は入射面側の第１斜面Ｖ１Ａと該第１斜面Ｖ１Ａと共にＶ溝を形成する第２斜面Ｖ２Ａとを有し、第１斜面Ｖ１Ａと第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ１（θ１Ａ）が６０°で、第２斜面Ｖ２Ａと第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ２（θ２Ａ）が３０°である。   The V groove has a first inclined surface V1A on the incident surface side and a second inclined surface V2A that forms a V groove together with the first inclined surface V1A, and an angle θ1 formed by the first inclined surface V1A and the perpendicular of the second main surface 12 ( θ1A) is 60 °, and the angle θ2 (θ2A) formed by the second slope V2A and the perpendicular of the second main surface 12 is 30 °.

Ｖ溝の幅（導光方向サイズ）Ｌｖは、導光板１Ｇの厚みｔよりも小さい（Ｌｖ＜ｔ）ことが望ましい。幅Ｌｖが大き過ぎると、一つのＶ溝斜面で反射して導光板外へ射出される光量が大きくなり、照明光の輝度ムラが大きくなりすぎる。そのために、本実施形態では、導光板１Ｇの厚みｔが３ｍｍに対して、Ｖ溝の幅Ｌｖは０．５ｍｍで一定としている。   The width (light guide direction size) Lv of the V groove is desirably smaller than the thickness t of the light guide plate 1G (Lv <t). If the width Lv is too large, the amount of light reflected from one slope of the V-groove and emitted outside the light guide plate becomes large, and the luminance unevenness of the illumination light becomes too large. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the thickness t of the light guide plate 1G is 3 mm, and the width Lv of the V groove is constant at 0.5 mm.

更に、Ｖ溝の配設ピッチ（導光方向ピッチ）Ｐは、１．２ｍｍで一定である。Ｖ溝のサイズとピッチが一定なので、光取り出し部１５により光取り出しされない部分が、75度で使用者が眩しさを感じにくい。   Furthermore, the arrangement pitch (light guide direction pitch) P of the V-groove is constant at 1.2 mm. Since the size and pitch of the V-groove are constant, the portion where light is not extracted by the light extraction portion 15 is 75 degrees, and the user does not feel dazzling.

第１斜面Ｖ１Ａと第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角度θ１は、５０°＜θ１＜７５°を満たすことが望ましい。この条件を満足するときは、４５°よりも大きな角度θ１で傾斜した第１斜面Ｖ１Ａを介して、照明光を効率的に第１主面１１から傾いた方向に射出することができる。また、入射面１３から入射した光のうち、対向する端面１４に到達するまでに、第１斜面Ｖ１Ａで反射して、第１主面１１の垂線と、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θmaxが、１５°＜θｍａｘ＜３５°を満たすことができる。It is desirable that the angle θ1 formed by the first slope V1A and the perpendicular of the second main surface 12 satisfies 50 ° <θ1 <75 °. When this condition is satisfied, illumination light can be efficiently emitted in a direction inclined from the first main surface 11 via the first inclined surface V1A inclined at an angle θ1 larger than 45 °. Further, of the light incident from the incident surface 13, the angle θ formed between the perpendicular of the first principal surface 11 and the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light is reflected by the first inclined surface V 1 A before reaching the opposing end surface 14. max can satisfy 15 ° <θmax <35 °.

第１主面１１の垂線と、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θmaxが、１５°＜θｍａｘ＜３５°を満たす構成であれば、第１主面１１を被照明面（例えば、机上面）と平行（水平）にしても、被照明領域を広範囲に亘って明るく照明できる。また、照明装置からの高強度照明光が直接観察者の目に入らないので、使用者は眩しさを感じることなく、被照明体を明るく観察することができる。If the angle θ max formed between the perpendicular of the first main surface 11 and the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light satisfies 15 ° <θmax <35 °, the first main surface 11 is the surface to be illuminated (for example, the desk surface). ) And parallel (horizontal), the illuminated area can be illuminated brightly over a wide range. Further, since the high-intensity illumination light from the illumination device does not directly enter the eyes of the observer, the user can observe the illuminated object brightly without feeling dazzling.

例えば、図３に示すように、この導光板１Ｈを備えた第五実施形態の照明装置は、図中に示すθmaxの方向に、つまり、照明装置の垂線方向から使用者側へ傾いた方向に最大強度光を射出する。For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the illumination device of the fifth embodiment provided with the light guide plate 1H is inclined in the direction of θ max shown in the drawing, that is, the direction inclined from the perpendicular direction of the illumination device to the user side. The maximum intensity light is emitted.

また、図４０に、図１の構成をＸＬ−ＸＬ線で切断した方向に見た図を示す。出射面の法線方向に見た場合、光取り出し部１５のＶ溝における複数の第１斜面Ｖ１が明るく光り、それ以外は暗く見えるストライプパターンとなるが、拡散板５を通過することで出射光が拡散され、ストライプパターンが見えにくくなる。   FIG. 40 shows a view of the configuration of FIG. 1 viewed in a direction cut by the XL-XL line. When viewed in the normal direction of the exit surface, the plurality of first slopes V1 in the V-groove of the light extraction portion 15 shine brightly, and other than that the stripe pattern appears dark. Is diffused and the stripe pattern becomes difficult to see.

本実施形態による照明装置によれば、導光方向最大サイズを0.5mm以上とした比較的サイズの大きなＶ溝で、導光板１Ｈ内を導光してきた光を入射して偏向するので、回折による散乱光等を減少させ、かつ、導光光を確実に反射することで、高い効率を確保しながら出射光の指向性を高めつつ射出でき、これにより所望の照明方向の照度を高めた照明装置を提供できる。シミュレーションにて求めた第１主面の輝度を図４１に示す。   According to the illuminating device according to the present embodiment, light guided through the light guide plate 1H is incident and deflected by a relatively large V groove having a maximum light guide direction size of 0.5 mm or more. An illuminating device that reduces scattered light, etc., and reliably reflects the guided light so that it can be emitted while enhancing the directivity of the emitted light while ensuring high efficiency, thereby increasing the illuminance in the desired illumination direction Can provide. The brightness | luminance of the 1st main surface calculated | required by simulation is shown in FIG.

図４２に、導光板１Ｈを用いた照明装置の照明光強度の角度特性を示す。図中に示すｘｚ断面は、図４２に示す照明装置の中心を通る紙面に平行な面、すなわち、射出面から机上面に至る照明空間の上下の面に相当し、図中に示すｙｚ断面は、照明装置Ｕの幅（紙面に垂直な方向）に平行な面に相当する。   FIG. 42 shows the angle characteristics of the illumination light intensity of the illumination device using the light guide plate 1H. The xz cross section shown in the figure corresponds to a plane parallel to the paper plane passing through the center of the illumination device shown in FIG. 42, that is, the upper and lower planes of the illumination space from the exit surface to the desk surface, and the yz cross section shown in the figure is This corresponds to a plane parallel to the width of the lighting device U (direction perpendicular to the paper surface).

図４２に示す照明光強度の角度特性はシミュレーションによる計算結果であるが、導光板１Ｈの第２主面１２に所定形状のＶ溝からなる光取り出し部１５を設けることで、ｘｚ断面の照明光強度ＲＡに示すように、照明装置の垂線方向から図中の右側方向に、すなわち、使用者側に所定角度傾いた照明光分布を示す。また、ｙｚ断面の照明光強度ＲＢに示すようにｙｚ断面方向には、略一様に変化する照明光分布であることが判る。   The angular characteristic of the illumination light intensity shown in FIG. 42 is a calculation result by simulation, but by providing the light extraction portion 15 formed of a V-shaped groove of a predetermined shape on the second main surface 12 of the light guide plate 1H, the illumination light of the xz cross section. As indicated by the intensity RA, the illumination light distribution tilted from the perpendicular direction of the illumination device to the right side in the drawing, that is, toward the user side by a predetermined angle is shown. Further, as shown in the illumination light intensity RB of the yz section, it can be seen that the illumination light distribution changes substantially uniformly in the yz section direction.

この場合の、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θmaxは約２０°である。すなわち、第１斜面Ｖ１と第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ１が６０°で、第２斜面Ｖ２と第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θｖ２が３０°のＶ溝からなる光取り出し部１５を設けることで、使用者側に２０°傾いた照明光分布を示す照明装置を実現できる。In this case, the angle θ max formed by the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light is about 20 °. That is, the light formed by the V-groove having an angle θ1 formed by the first inclined plane V1 and the perpendicular of the second principal surface 12 of 60 ° and an angle θv2 formed by the second inclined plane V2 and the perpendicular of the second principal surface 12 of 30 °. By providing the take-out portion 15, it is possible to realize an illuminating device that exhibits an illumination light distribution inclined by 20 ° toward the user side.

導光板１Ｇの入射面１３と射出面となる第１主面１１以外の面は、それぞれの面に近接して、拡散特性を有し反射率の高い反射板を配設している。この反射板としては、拡散反射特性を有する反射シート、例えば、きもと社製のレフホワイト、東レ株式会社製のルミラーなどの反射フィルムを用いることができる。   Surfaces other than the incident surface 13 and the first main surface 11 serving as the exit surface of the light guide plate 1G are adjacent to the respective surfaces, and reflectors having diffusion characteristics and high reflectance are disposed. As the reflecting plate, a reflecting sheet having a diffuse reflecting property, for example, a reflecting film such as Ref White manufactured by Kimoto Co., Ltd. or Lumirror manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc. can be used.

また、導光板１Ｈの下側には、空気層（例えば、０．５ｍｍ程度）を介して拡散板５が配設される。拡散板５を配設することにより、照明装置の射出面における照度ムラ、輝度ムラを低減することができる。特に、Ｖ溝特有のギラツキ感を抑制し、目に優しい高品位な照明装置を実現できる。   A diffusion plate 5 is disposed below the light guide plate 1H via an air layer (for example, about 0.5 mm). By disposing the diffusion plate 5, it is possible to reduce illuminance unevenness and luminance unevenness on the exit surface of the illumination device. In particular, it is possible to realize a high-quality lighting device that suppresses the glare unique to the V-groove and is easy on the eyes.

光取り出し部１５を構成するＶ溝は、入射面１３から所定距離内には設けない。例えば、図３９に示す非配置領域Ｌａ（約５ｍｍ）にはＶ溝を設けず、配置領域ＬｂのみにＶ溝を設ける。すなわち、この配置領域Ｌｂが光取り出し手段設置部となる。入射面近傍にＶ溝を設けると、点状光源であるＬＥＤ２が離散的に配置されているので、入射光が混ざり合う前に反射されてしまい、照明装置の入射面近傍に輝線が生じて輝度分布にムラができる。そこで、非配置領域Ｌａを設けて、入射光同士が重なり合った後で光路を偏向するようにしている。   The V groove constituting the light extraction portion 15 is not provided within a predetermined distance from the incident surface 13. For example, the V groove is not provided in the non-arrangement region La (about 5 mm) shown in FIG. 39, and the V groove is provided only in the arrangement region Lb. That is, the arrangement region Lb becomes a light extraction means installation portion. When the V-groove is provided in the vicinity of the incident surface, the LED 2 that is a point light source is discretely arranged, so that the incident light is reflected before mixing, and a bright line is generated in the vicinity of the incident surface of the illumination device, resulting in luminance. The distribution is uneven. Therefore, the non-arrangement region La is provided so that the optical path is deflected after the incident lights overlap each other.

本実施形態による照明装置は、流し台用の照明灯や照明スタンドなどの照明器具に好適に適用することができる。この導光板１Ｇを用いた照明装置を備えた照明器具である照明スタンドは、上記の図８と同様に構成することができる。   The lighting device according to the present embodiment can be suitably applied to lighting fixtures such as a lighting lamp for a sink and a lighting stand. An illumination stand that is an illumination fixture including an illumination device using the light guide plate 1G can be configured in the same manner as in FIG.

照明装置は前述したように、使用者側に向かって２０°傾いた部位が最大強度となる照明光分布を示すので、図中の角度θmaxに示すように約２０°使用者（観察者４０）側に傾いた方向に最大強度照明光を射出する。また、机上面３０から反射する反射光ＲＦが観察者４０の目に入る。As described above, the illuminating device shows the illumination light distribution having the maximum intensity at the portion inclined by 20 ° toward the user side. Therefore, as shown by the angle θ max in the drawing, the illuminating device has a user (observer 40) of about 20 °. ) The maximum intensity illumination light is emitted in the direction inclined to the side. Further, the reflected light RF reflected from the desk surface 30 enters the eyes of the observer 40.

この照明装置の第１主面１１と机上面との距離Ｈを４００ｍｍとしたときの、机上面における照度分布をイメージ化したものは、図９とほぼ同様である。   An image of the illuminance distribution on the desk top surface when the distance H between the first main surface 11 of the lighting device and the desk top surface is 400 mm is substantially the same as FIG.

明るさの程度を濃淡表示した図９に示すように、照明スタンドＳＴ１の照明装置の直下近傍の照度が高い。また、机奥側（ｘ軸の−側）よりも手前側（ｘ軸の＋側）の方がより照度が高い非対称型の照度分布を有する。   As shown in FIG. 9 in which the degree of brightness is displayed in shades, the illuminance in the vicinity immediately below the illumination device of the illumination stand ST1 is high. In addition, the front side (the + side of the x axis) has an asymmetric illumination distribution with higher illuminance than the back side of the desk (the − side of the x axis).

すなわち、照明スタンドＳＴ１を机上の奥に配置して、照明装置の射出面（第１主面１１）を机上面に対して平行に配設しても、最大強度照明光は観察者４０側に傾いているので、手元を十分明るく照明できる。   That is, even if the illumination stand ST1 is arranged at the back of the desk and the emission surface (first main surface 11) of the illumination device is arranged in parallel to the desk surface, the maximum intensity illumination light is directed to the viewer 40 side. Because it is tilted, it can illuminate the hand sufficiently brightly.

ｙ軸上の照度Ｒｙの照度分布は、原点に対して略対称であるが、ｘ軸上の照度Ｒｘの照度分布は非対称であり、ｘが正（＋）の領域、すなわち、観察者側の領域が、ｘの負（−）の領域、すなわち、照明スタンドＳＴ１の背面側と比較して明るく照明されていることが判る。   The illuminance distribution of the illuminance Ry on the y-axis is substantially symmetric with respect to the origin, but the illuminance distribution of the illuminance Rx on the x-axis is asymmetric and is a positive (+) region, that is, on the observer side. It can be seen that the region is illuminated brighter than the negative (−) region of x, that is, the back side of the illumination stand ST1.

従って、本実施形態に係る照明装置を用いることで、被照明領域を広範囲に亘って明るく照明し、且つ、照明が不要な領域への無駄な照明光を低減した高効率の照明器具を実現することができる。   Therefore, by using the illumination device according to the present embodiment, a highly efficient lighting apparatus that illuminates the illuminated area over a wide area and reduces unnecessary illumination light to an area that does not require illumination is realized. be able to.

例えば、射出光の最大強度の方向が、１５°＜θｍａｘ＜３５°を満たすことにより、最大強度光の観察面における正反射光が、使用者（観察者）側に反射するので、観察者はより明るく観察することができる。観察面が拡散面であっても、観察光の強度重心は、正反射方向と一致する場合が多いので、観察面が拡散面であっても有効である。   For example, when the direction of the maximum intensity of the emitted light satisfies 15 ° <θmax <35 °, the specularly reflected light on the observation surface of the maximum intensity light is reflected to the user (observer) side. Brighter observation is possible. Even if the observation surface is a diffusion surface, the intensity centroid of the observation light often coincides with the regular reflection direction, so that it is effective even if the observation surface is a diffusion surface.

次に、導光板の第２主面に設けるＶ溝の密度が、入射面１３から遠ざかるに従って大きくなる第六実施形態について図４３〜図４５を用いて説明する。この第六実施形態の照明装置は、前述した第五実施形態の照明装置の導光板１Ｇを導光板１Ｈに替えた点が異なり、その他の構成は同じである。そのために、図４３には、照明装置の要部構成として導光板１Ｈのみを表示する。   Next, a sixth embodiment in which the density of V-grooves provided on the second main surface of the light guide plate increases as the distance from the incident surface 13 increases will be described with reference to FIGS. 43 to 45. The illumination device of the sixth embodiment is different in that the light guide plate 1G of the illumination device of the fifth embodiment described above is replaced with a light guide plate 1H, and the other configurations are the same. Therefore, in FIG. 43, only the light guide plate 1H is displayed as the main configuration of the illumination device.

図４３に示すように、第六実施形態の照明装置が備える導光板１Ｉは、第１斜面Ｖ１Ａと第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ１が６０°で、第２斜面Ｖ２Ａと第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ２が３０°のＶ溝からなる光取り出し部１５Ｉを設けている。V溝の形状は、全域で同じである。   As shown in FIG. 43, the light guide plate 1I included in the illumination device of the sixth embodiment has an angle θ1 formed by the first slope V1A and the perpendicular of the second main surface 12 of 60 °, and the second slope V2A and the second slope. A light extraction portion 15I made of a V-groove having an angle θ2 of 30 ° with the perpendicular of the main surface 12 is provided. The shape of the V groove is the same throughout.

すなわち、導光板１Ｉの第２主面１２に設けるＶ溝は、第２主面１２の垂線に対して非対称であり、第１斜面Ｖ１Ａと第２斜面Ｖ２Ａとのなす角、θ１＋θ２が９０°の例である。また、導光板１Ｈの厚みｔ＝３ｍｍであり、σ＝８?、ｔ・ｓｉｎσ＝０．４２ｍｍ、Ｖ溝の幅は一定で、Ｌｖ＝０．５ｍｍ、光取り出し用の斜面間の距離は隣接するＶ溝の幅より大きくなっており、Ｖ溝間の最大距離Ｐmax＝１．１２５ｍｍ、Ｖ溝の配設ピッチＰｎは、入射面１３から離れるに連れて徐々に小さくなっていて、その最大値＝１．５ｍｍ、入射面の角度１６０度、ヘイズ値９０％である。That is, the V groove provided on the second main surface 12 of the light guide plate 1I is asymmetric with respect to the normal of the second main surface 12, and the angle formed between the first inclined surface V1A and the second inclined surface V2A, θ1 + θ2 is 90 °. It is an example. The light guide plate 1H has a thickness t = 3 mm, σ = 8 ?, t · sin σ = 0.42 mm, the width of the V groove is constant, Lv = 0.5 mm, and the distance between the light extraction slopes is adjacent. The maximum distance between the V grooves P max = 1.125 mm, and the arrangement pitch Pn of the V grooves gradually decreases as the distance from the incident surface 13 increases. The value is 1.5 mm, the incident surface angle is 160 degrees, and the haze value is 90%.

このようにＶ溝の配設ピッチＰｎを、光源側から遠ざかるにつれて徐々に小さくして、すなわち、配置密度を高くすることで、V溝ピッチ一定の場合と比較して、照明装置の射出面における輝度分布をより均一にすることができる。シミュレーションにて求めた第１主面の輝度を図４４に示す。また、図４５に示すように、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θmaxは約２０°である。In this way, the arrangement pitch Pn of the V-groove is gradually decreased as the distance from the light source is increased, that is, by increasing the arrangement density, compared with the case where the V-groove pitch is constant, the emission surface of the lighting device The luminance distribution can be made more uniform. The brightness | luminance of the 1st main surface calculated | required by simulation is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 45, the angle θ max formed by the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light is about 20 °.

図４６は、変形例にかかる導光板１Ｉの図４３と同様な図である。本変形例によれば、光取り出し部１５ＪとしてのＶ溝のピッチは、第六実施形態と同じく一定であるが、Ｖ溝形状が相似形で光源から離れるに連れて徐々に大きくなっている。但し入射面１３は平面としており、導光板の厚さｔ＝３ｍｍであり、σ＝５?、ｔ・ｓｉｎσ＝０．２６ｍｍ、Ｖ溝の幅は光源から離れるに連れて徐々に大きくなり、その最大値Ｌｖ＝０．９ｍｍ、光取り出し用の斜面間の距離は隣接するＶ溝の幅より大きくなっており、Ｖ溝間の最大距離Ｐmax＝０．７ｍｍ、Ｖ溝の配設ピッチＰは一定で１．０ｍｍ、ヘイズ値８０％である。FIG. 46 is a view similar to FIG. 43 of the light guide plate 1I according to the modification. According to this modification, the pitch of the V groove as the light extraction portion 15J is constant as in the sixth embodiment, but the V groove shape is similar and gradually increases as the distance from the light source increases. However, the incident surface 13 is flat, the thickness of the light guide plate is t = 3 mm, σ = 5 ?, t · sin σ = 0.26 mm, and the width of the V-groove gradually increases as the distance from the light source increases. The maximum value Lv = 0.9 mm, the distance between the light extraction slopes is larger than the width of the adjacent V groove, the maximum distance P max = 0.7 mm between the V grooves, and the arrangement pitch P of the V grooves is It is constant 1.0 mm and haze value 80%.

図４７は、別の変形例にかかる導光板１Ｋの図４３と同様な図である。本変形例によれば、光取り出し部１５ＫとしてのＶ溝のピッチは、光源から離れるに連れて徐々に小さくなり、Ｖ溝形状は、相似形で光源から離れるに連れて徐々に大きくなっている。導光板の厚さｔ＝３ｍｍであり、σ＝５?、ｔ・ｓｉｎσ＝０．２６ｍｍ、Ｖ溝の幅は光源から離れるに連れて徐々に大きくなり、その最大値Ｌｖ＝０．９ｍｍ、光取り出し用の斜面間の距離は隣接するＶ溝の幅より大きくなっており、Ｖ溝間の距離は光源から離れるに連れて徐々に大きくなり、Ｐmax＝０．８ｍｍ、Ｖ溝の配設ピッチＰｎは、入射面１３から離れるに連れて徐々に小さくなっていて、その最大値＝１．１ｍｍ、入射面の角度（θ３）１６０度、ヘイズ値９０％である。47 is a view similar to FIG. 43 of a light guide plate 1K according to another modification. According to this modification, the pitch of the V groove as the light extraction portion 15K gradually decreases as the distance from the light source increases, and the V groove shape gradually increases as the distance from the light source increases. . The thickness of the light guide plate is t = 3 mm, σ = 5 ?, t · sin σ = 0.26 mm, the width of the V-groove gradually increases with distance from the light source, and its maximum value Lv = 0.9 mm, light The distance between the slopes for removal is larger than the width of the adjacent V-groove, and the distance between the V-grooves gradually increases as the distance from the light source increases. P max = 0.8 mm, V-groove arrangement pitch Pn gradually decreases as the distance from the incident surface 13 increases. The maximum value is 1.1 mm, the incident surface angle (θ3) is 160 degrees, and the haze value is 90%.

次に、導光板の第２主面に設ける光取り出し部１５Ｌのピッチ及びサイズを一定にしているが、Ｖ溝でなく台形溝とした第七実施形態について図４８〜図５０を用いて説明する。この第七実施形態の照明装置は、前述した第一実施形態の照明装置Ｕの導光板１を導光板１Ｌに替えた点が異なり、その他の構成は同じである。そのために、図４８には、照明装置の要部構成として導光板１Ｌのみを表示する。   Next, although the pitch and size of the light extraction portions 15L provided on the second main surface of the light guide plate are made constant, a seventh embodiment in which trapezoidal grooves are used instead of V-grooves will be described with reference to FIGS. . The illumination device of the seventh embodiment is different in that the light guide plate 1 of the illumination device U of the first embodiment described above is replaced with a light guide plate 1L, and the other configurations are the same. Therefore, in FIG. 48, only the light guide plate 1L is displayed as the main configuration of the illumination device.

図４８に示すように、第七実施形態の照明装置が備える導光板１Ｌは、第１斜面Ｖ１Ａと第２斜面Ｖ２Ａとの間に、第１主面１１に平行な底面Ｂを備えている。第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ１が６０°で、第２斜面Ｖ２Ａと第２主面１２の垂線とのなす角θ２が３０°である。尚、入射面１３は平面である。   As shown in FIG. 48, the light guide plate 1L included in the illumination device of the seventh embodiment includes a bottom surface B parallel to the first main surface 11 between the first inclined surface V1A and the second inclined surface V2A. The angle θ1 formed by the perpendicular line of the second principal surface 12 is 60 °, and the angle θ2 formed by the second slope V2A and the perpendicular line of the second principal surface 12 is 30 °. The incident surface 13 is a flat surface.

すなわち、導光板１Ｌの第２主面１２に設ける台形溝（凹又は凸構造）は、第２主面１２の垂線に対して非対称であり、第１斜面Ｖ１Ａと第２斜面Ｖ２Ａとのなす角、θ１＋θ２が９０°の例である。また、導光板１Ｉの厚みｔは３ｍｍであり、台形溝の幅は一定でＬｖは０．５ｍｍであり、但し入射面１３は平面としており、σ＝３?、ｔ・ｓｉｎσ＝０．２６ｍｍ、光取り出し用の斜面間の距離は隣接する台形溝の幅より大きくなっており、光取り出し用の斜面間の最大距離Ｐmax＝０．９２５ｍｍ、台形溝の配設ピッチは一定で１．３ｍｍ、ヘイズ値８５％である。That is, the trapezoidal groove (concave or convex structure) provided on the second main surface 12 of the light guide plate 1L is asymmetric with respect to the normal of the second main surface 12, and the angle formed between the first inclined surface V1A and the second inclined surface V2A. , Θ1 + θ2 is an example of 90 °. Further, the thickness t of the light guide plate 1I is 3 mm, the trapezoidal groove width is constant, and Lv is 0.5 mm. However, the incident surface 13 is a plane, and σ = 3 ?, t · sin σ = 0.26 mm, The distance between the slopes for light extraction is larger than the width of the adjacent trapezoidal grooves, the maximum distance between the slopes for light extraction P max = 0.925 mm, the pitch of the trapezoidal grooves is constant 1.3 mm, The haze value is 85%.

本実施形態では、第１主面１１に平行な第２主面１２を、台形溝の底面Ｂと、隣接する台形溝間の領域Ａとに分けることで、第１主面１１における輝度ムラをより低減することができる。シミュレーションにて求めた第１主面の輝度を図４９に示す。また、図５０に示すように、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θmaxは約３０°である。In the present embodiment, the second main surface 12 parallel to the first main surface 11 is divided into a bottom surface B of the trapezoidal groove and a region A between adjacent trapezoidal grooves, whereby luminance unevenness on the first main surface 11 is reduced. It can be further reduced. FIG. 49 shows the luminance of the first main surface obtained by simulation. As shown in FIG. 50, the angle θ max formed by the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light is about 30 °.

次に、光取り出し部１５を導光板の第１主面に設け、ピッチ及びサイズを一定にした、第八実施形態について図５１〜図５５を用いて説明する。この第八実施形態の照明装置Ｕ２は、図５１に示すとおりであり、共通な符号を用いて説明を省略する。   Next, an eighth embodiment in which the light extraction portion 15 is provided on the first main surface of the light guide plate and the pitch and size are constant will be described with reference to FIGS. The illumination device U2 of the eighth embodiment is as shown in FIG. 51, and a description thereof is omitted using common reference numerals.

図５２は、第八実施形態にかかる導光板１Ｍの一部を、ＬＥＤ２と共に示す断面図である。本実施形態では、第１主面１１側に光取り出し部１５ＭとしてのＶ溝を設けている。図５３を参照して、Ｖ溝の第１斜面（傾斜面）Ｖ１Ｇの傾斜角度θ１は３０度であり、第２斜面Ｖ２Ｇの傾斜角度θ２は６０度である。それ以外の構成は、上述した実施形態と同様である。尚、光取り出し用斜面と拡散面間の距離Ｔ＝０．５ｍｍであり、σ＝５?、Ｖ溝の幅は一定であり、Ｌｖ＝０．５ｍｍ、光取り出し用の斜面間の距離は隣接するＶ溝の幅より大きく且つ一定であり、Ｐmax＝０．６２５ｍｍ、Ｖ溝の配設ピッチは一定であり１．０ｍｍ、入射面の角度１６０度、ヘイズ値６５％である。FIG. 52 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the light guide plate 1M according to the eighth embodiment together with the LEDs 2. In the present embodiment, a V-groove as the light extraction portion 15M is provided on the first main surface 11 side. Referring to FIG. 53, the inclination angle θ1 of the first inclined surface (inclined surface) V1G of the V-groove is 30 degrees, and the inclination angle θ2 of the second inclined surface V2G is 60 degrees. Other configurations are the same as those in the above-described embodiment. The distance T between the light extraction slope and the diffusion surface is T = 0.5 mm, σ = 5 ?, the width of the V groove is constant, Lv = 0.5 mm, and the distance between the light extraction slopes is adjacent. It is larger and constant than the width of the V-groove, P max = 0.625 mm, the pitch of the V-groove is constant, 1.0 mm, the incident surface angle is 160 degrees, and the haze value is 65%.

図５２に示すように、ＬＥＤ２の上半部から出射された光は、第１偏向平面１３ａで屈折して第２主面１２に向かい、ＬＥＤ２の下半部から出射された光は、第２偏向平面１３ｂで屈折して第１主面１１に向かうようにして、導光板１Ｍ内を導光した後、第１斜面Ｖ１Ｇに入射することにより全反射が崩れて透過し、第１主面１１から照明光として射出される。このとき、出射方向は、第１斜面Ｖ１Ｇに対して反光源側に５０度傾斜（第１主面１１の法線に対して８０度傾斜）した状態である。これにより出射面の垂線からの傾きが、より大きい方向に出射光の指向性を持つ照明装置を実現できる。シミュレーションにて求めた第１主面の輝度を図５４に示す。また、図５５に示すように、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θmaxは約２２．５°である。As shown in FIG. 52, the light emitted from the upper half of the LED 2 is refracted by the first deflection plane 13a toward the second main surface 12, and the light emitted from the lower half of the LED 2 is second. After being refracted by the deflection plane 13b and directed toward the first main surface 11, the light is guided through the light guide plate 1M, and then incident on the first inclined surface V1G. Is emitted as illumination light. At this time, the emission direction is in a state inclined by 50 degrees on the side opposite to the light source with respect to the first inclined surface V1G (inclined by 80 degrees with respect to the normal to the first main surface 11). Thereby, the illuminating device which has the directivity of an emitted light in the direction where the inclination from the perpendicular of an output surface is larger is realizable. FIG. 54 shows the luminance of the first main surface obtained by simulation. As shown in FIG. 55, the angle θ max formed by the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light is about 22.5 °.

表１に、上記各実施形態及び変形例の数値をまとめて示す。   Table 1 summarizes the numerical values of the above-described embodiments and modifications.

Figure 2013035788
Figure 2013035788

本発明は、明細書に記載の実施形態・変形例に限定されるものではなく、他の実施形態・変形例を含むことは、本明細書に記載された実施形態や技術思想から本分野の当業者にとって明らかである。明細書の記載及び実施形態は、あくまでも例証を目的としており、本発明の範囲は後述するクレームによって示されている。   The present invention is not limited to the embodiments and modifications described in the specification, and includes other embodiments and modifications based on the embodiments and technical ideas described in the present specification. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The description and the embodiments are for illustrative purposes only, and the scope of the present invention is indicated by the following claims.

本明細書には、様々な実施形態が記載されているが、その中の主な技術をまとめると以下のとおりである。   Various embodiments are described in the present specification. The main technologies in the embodiments are summarized as follows.

面発光する第１主面、および、この第１主面に対向する第２主面を備える導光板と、該導光板の入射面となる一つの側面部に配設される複数の発光素子と、を備えて、発光素子が射出する光を導光板内を導光して第１主面から射出する照明器具用の照明ユニットであって、この照明ユニットは、第１主面の外側に拡散板を配置し、第１主面もしくは第２主面のいずれかに光路偏向手段を設け、該光路偏向手段を介して、第１主面の垂線方向から所定角度偏向させて照明光を照射し、第１主面の垂線と、出射光の最大強度方向のなす角度θｍａｘが、１０°＜θｍａｘ＜４０°を満たすことを特徴とする。   A light guide plate having a first main surface that emits surface light, a second main surface that faces the first main surface, and a plurality of light emitting elements disposed on one side surface that serves as an incident surface of the light guide plate , A lighting unit for a lighting fixture that guides the light emitted from the light emitting element through the light guide plate and emits the light from the first main surface. The lighting unit diffuses outside the first main surface. A plate is disposed, and an optical path deflecting unit is provided on either the first main surface or the second main surface, and illumination light is irradiated through the optical path deflecting unit while deflecting a predetermined angle from the perpendicular direction of the first main surface. The angle θmax formed between the perpendicular line of the first main surface and the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light satisfies 10 ° <θmax <40 °.

上記の構成によると、第１主面の外側に拡散板を配置しているので、光路偏向手段が離散的に配置されていても、射出面における照明光の照度ムラ（輝度ムラ）を低減して、均一で目に優しい高品位な照明ユニットを実現できる。また、光路偏向手段を介して所定角度偏向させて照明光を照射しているので、導光板の照明光を射出する主面の向かう方向とは異なる方向に強い光を照射可能な照明ユニットを得ることができる。   According to the above configuration, since the diffusion plate is arranged outside the first main surface, even if the optical path deflecting means is discretely arranged, the illumination light illumination unevenness (luminance unevenness) on the exit surface is reduced. High-quality lighting units that are uniform and easy on the eyes can be realized. In addition, since the illumination light is irradiated by being deflected by a predetermined angle via the optical path deflecting means, an illumination unit capable of irradiating strong light in a direction different from the direction of the main surface emitting the illumination light of the light guide plate is obtained. be able to.

上記構成の照明ユニットにおいて、前記角度θmaxが、１５°＜θｍａｘ＜３５°を満たすと、第１主面を被照明面（例えば、机上面）と平行（水平）にしても、被照明領域を広範囲に亘って明るく照明できる。また、照明ユニットからの高強度照明光が直接観察者の目に入らないので、使用者は眩しさを感じることなく、被照明体を明るく観察することができる。In the illumination unit having the above-described configuration, when the angle θ max satisfies 15 ° <θmax <35 °, the illuminated region can be set even if the first principal surface is parallel (horizontal) to the illuminated surface (for example, the desk surface). Can be illuminated brightly over a wide area. Further, since the high-intensity illumination light from the illumination unit does not directly enter the eyes of the observer, the user can observe the illuminated object brightly without feeling dazzling.

上記構成の照明ユニットにおいて、前記光路偏向手段を、第２主面に設けると、光路偏向手段を、射出面に対向する反対側の第２主面に設けるので、照度分布の均一化を図ることができ、射出面位置での照度分布をより均一にできる。   In the illumination unit having the above configuration, when the optical path deflecting unit is provided on the second main surface, the optical path deflecting unit is provided on the second main surface opposite to the exit surface, so that the illuminance distribution can be made uniform. And the illuminance distribution at the exit surface position can be made more uniform.

上記構成の照明ユニットにおいて、前記光路偏向手段は、前記入射面の長手方向に平行な略三角断面の複数のＶ溝からなり、該Ｖ溝は、前記入射面側の第１斜面と該第１斜面と共に前記Ｖ溝を形成する第２斜面とを有し、第１斜面と第２主面の垂線とのなす角度θ１が、５０°＜θ１＜７５°を満たすと、４５°よりも大きな角度θ１で傾斜した第１斜面を介して、照明光を効率的に第１主面から傾いた方向に射出することができる。   In the illumination unit having the above-described configuration, the optical path deflecting unit includes a plurality of V grooves having a substantially triangular cross section parallel to the longitudinal direction of the incident surface. The V groove includes the first inclined surface on the incident surface side and the first inclined surface. When the angle θ1 formed between the first inclined surface and the perpendicular of the second main surface satisfies 50 ° <θ1 <75 °, the angle is larger than 45 °. Illumination light can be efficiently emitted in a direction inclined from the first main surface through the first inclined surface inclined by θ1.

上記構成の照明ユニットにおいて、第２斜面と第２主面の垂線とのなす角度をθ２としたときに、第１斜面と第２斜面とのなす角、すなわち、θ１＋θ２は、８０°＜θ１＋θ２＜１１０°を満たすと、入射面から入射し導光板内を導光し、入射面に対向する端面に到達した光が、この端面もしくは外側に設ける反射面で反射して、導光板内に再入射した光を、この第２斜面を介して効率的に第１主面から傾いた方向に射出することができる。   In the illumination unit having the above configuration, when the angle formed between the second inclined surface and the perpendicular of the second main surface is θ2, the angle formed between the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface, that is, θ1 + θ2 is 80 ° <θ1 + θ2 < When 110 ° is satisfied, light is incident from the incident surface and guided through the light guide plate, and the light reaching the end surface facing the incident surface is reflected by this end surface or a reflection surface provided outside, and reenters the light guide plate. The emitted light can be efficiently emitted in a direction inclined from the first main surface through the second inclined surface.

上記構成の照明ユニットにおいて、前記発光素子は、ＬＥＤであると、低消費電力で明るく輻射熱も少ないＬＥＤを用いることで、小型軽量化を図ることができ、さらなる小型軽量化が求められる照明器具に好適な照明ユニットを実現できる。   In the lighting unit having the above-described configuration, when the light emitting element is an LED, it is possible to reduce the size and weight by using an LED with low power consumption and low radiant heat. A suitable lighting unit can be realized.

上記構成の照明ユニットにおいて、前記光路偏向手段は、前記入射面から前記端面に向かって密度が高くなるように配置されると、射出面となる第１主面から射出する照明光の照度の均一化を図ることができ、輝度ムラの小さい高品位な照明器具に好適な照明ユニットを実現できる。   In the illumination unit configured as described above, when the optical path deflecting unit is arranged so that the density increases from the incident surface toward the end surface, the illuminance of the illumination light emitted from the first main surface serving as the exit surface is uniform. Therefore, it is possible to realize a lighting unit suitable for a high-quality lighting fixture with small luminance unevenness.

上記構成の照明ユニットにおいて、前記入射面に、頂角θ３が、１２０°＜θ３＜１６０°を満たすＶ溝状の光束分岐部を設けると、Ｖ溝状の光束分岐部を設けることで、発光素子からの光を導光板の第１主面と第２主面とに向けて分岐し、端面に到達する前に、光路偏向手段を介して、効率的に、第１主面から射出して、高効率の照明ユニットを実現することができる。   In the illumination unit configured as described above, when a V-groove light beam branching portion having an apex angle θ3 satisfying 120 ° <θ3 <160 ° is provided on the incident surface, the V-groove light beam branching portion provides light emission. The light from the element is branched toward the first main surface and the second main surface of the light guide plate, and is efficiently emitted from the first main surface via the optical path deflecting means before reaching the end surface. A highly efficient lighting unit can be realized.

上記構成の照明ユニットにおいて、第２主面の外側に反射板を配置すると、光路偏向手段により偏向されて第２主面の外側に漏れ出した光を反射して再び導光板内に戻すことができるので、第１主面から射出する照明光の強度を大きくすることができ、高効率の照明ユニットを実現できる。   In the illumination unit having the above configuration, when the reflecting plate is arranged outside the second main surface, the light deflected by the optical path deflecting means and leaked out to the outside of the second main surface can be reflected and returned into the light guide plate again. Therefore, the intensity of the illumination light emitted from the first main surface can be increased, and a highly efficient illumination unit can be realized.

上記照明ユニットを光源として用いた照明器具であると、照明ユニットの主面の向かう方向とは異なる方向に強い光を照射可能な照明ユニットを用いることで、この照明ユニットを被照明領域の奥の方に設置しても、手前側の被照明領域を効率よく照明することができる。すなわち、低消費電力でありながら、手元を効率よく照明できる照明器具を得ることができる。   When the lighting unit uses the lighting unit as a light source, by using a lighting unit that can emit strong light in a direction different from the direction of the main surface of the lighting unit, Even if it is installed in the direction, the illuminated area on the near side can be efficiently illuminated. That is, it is possible to obtain a lighting fixture that can illuminate the hand efficiently while having low power consumption.

導光板は、光源と、互いに略平行な反射面、出射面と入射面とを備えてなり、前記光源から前記入射面を介して入射した光を前記反射面又は前記出射面で反射しつつ導光し前記出射面から出射する導光板とを有する照明装置に用いる導光板であって、前記導光板は屈折率が1.4より大きい媒質の素材から形成され、前記入射面は第１偏向面と第２偏向面とを備えており、前記反射面と前記出射面の少なくとも一方は、光取り出し手段を備え、前記光源からの光は、前記第１偏向面を透過もしくは反射した後に、前記反射面に向かうように偏向されて、前記反射面に対して全反射角を含む角度で入射し、一方、前記第２偏向面を透過もしくは反射した後に、前記出射面に向かうように偏向されて、前記出射面に対して全反射角を含む角度で入射し、前記反射面と前記出射面とで全反射を含む角度で反射を繰り返しながら前記導光板内を導光するようになっており、前記導光板内を導光する光のうち、前記第１偏向面を透過もしくは反射した光と、前記第２偏向面を透過もしくは反射した光の双方が、前記光取り出し手段に入射した後に、前記出射面から同一方向に出射するようになっている。   The light guide plate includes a light source, a reflecting surface that is substantially parallel to each other, and an exit surface and an entrance surface, and guides light incident from the light source through the entrance surface while being reflected by the reflection surface or the exit surface. A light guide plate for use in an illuminating device having a light guide plate that emits light and exits from the exit surface, wherein the light guide plate is formed of a material of a medium having a refractive index greater than 1.4, and the entrance surface includes a first deflecting surface and a first deflecting surface. 2 at least one of the reflecting surface and the emitting surface is provided with light extraction means, and the light from the light source is transmitted through or reflected by the first deflecting surface, and then is reflected on the reflecting surface. The light is deflected so as to be incident on the reflection surface at an angle including a total reflection angle. On the other hand, after being transmitted or reflected by the second deflection surface, the light is deflected toward the emission surface and is then emitted. Incident at an angle including the total reflection angle to the surface The light guide plate guides light in the light guide plate while repeating reflection at an angle including total reflection between the reflection surface and the output surface, and the first deflection surface among light guided in the light guide plate. Both the light transmitted through or reflected by the light and the light transmitted through or reflected by the second deflecting surface enter the light extraction means and then exit in the same direction from the exit surface.

導光板における一つの問題は、光源から入射した光のうち最も強度が強い中心近傍の光成分が、一方の端面から入射した後に真っ直ぐ進み、他方の端面で反射して、再度一方の端面に戻って反射するというように、導光板の長手方向に沿って往復導光を繰り返すうちに減衰が生じて、出射面からの正味の出射効率が低下するということである。これに対し上記導光板によれば、前記光源から出射された光を、前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面に入射させることにより２分割して、その後前記反射面および前記出射面に向かうように導光するので、前記導光板内における光の往復導光回数を低下させ、これにより前記光源から出射した光がなるべく減衰しない内に前記光取り出し手段に入射することを促し、もって光取り出し効率を高めることができるのである。又、２分割された光は、前記光取り出し手段に入射した後に、前記出射面から同一方向に出射するようになっているので、小さな発光量の前記光源を用いた場合でも、照明方向を明るく照らすことができる。ここで、「前記第１偏向面を透過もしくは反射した光と、前記第２偏向面を透過もしくは反射した光の双方が、前記光取り出し手段に入射した後に、前記出射面から同一方向に出射する」とは、前記第１偏向面を透過もしくは反射した光と、前記第２偏向面を透過もしくは反射した光の強度ピークの角度差が１０度以内であることを意味する。尚、入射面が反射面又は出射面を兼ねる場合もある。   One problem with the light guide plate is that the light component near the center, the strongest of the light incident from the light source, travels straight after entering from one end face, reflects off the other end face, and returns to the one end face again. In other words, the light is attenuated while reciprocating the light guide along the longitudinal direction of the light guide plate, and the net emission efficiency from the emission surface is reduced. On the other hand, according to the light guide plate, the light emitted from the light source is divided into two by being incident on the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface, and then directed toward the reflection surface and the emission surface. Thus, the number of times the light is reciprocated in the light guide plate is reduced, thereby prompting the light emitted from the light source to enter the light extraction means without being attenuated as much as possible. Efficiency can be increased. Further, since the light divided into two is incident on the light extraction means and then emitted in the same direction from the emission surface, the illumination direction is brightened even when the light source with a small light emission amount is used. Can illuminate. Here, “the light transmitted or reflected by the first deflecting surface and the light transmitted or reflected by the second deflecting surface enter the light extraction unit and then exit from the exit surface in the same direction. "" Means that the angle difference between the intensity peaks of the light transmitted or reflected by the first deflection surface and the light transmitted or reflected by the second deflection surface is within 10 degrees. In some cases, the incident surface also serves as a reflecting surface or an emitting surface.

上記導光板において、前記入射面は、前記光源に対向して配置され、異なる方向に傾斜した２面を有し、そのうちの一方の面が前記第１偏向面であり、他方の面が前記第２偏向面であることが好ましい。これによれば、前記光源から出射した光を前記入射面から直接入射し、異なる方向に傾斜した前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面で分割するので、光の損失が少なく、また端面間における光の往復導光回数が減少して光取り出し効率が高くなる。   In the light guide plate, the incident surface has two surfaces that are arranged to face the light source and are inclined in different directions, one of which is the first deflection surface, and the other surface is the first surface. Two deflection surfaces are preferred. According to this, since the light emitted from the light source is directly incident from the incident surface and divided by the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface inclined in different directions, there is little loss of light and between the end surfaces. The number of times the light is reciprocated is reduced, and the light extraction efficiency is increased.

上記導光板において、前記入射面は、前記光源に対向して配置され、異なる方向に傾斜した２面を有し、そのうちの一方の面が前記第１偏向面であり、他方の面が前記第２偏向面であり、前記反射面又は前記出射面から入射した前記光源からの光を反射するようになっていることが好ましい。このようにすることで、前記入射面から入射した光を、異なる方向に傾斜した前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面で反射分割するので、光の損失が少なく、また端面間における光の往復導光を抑えて光取り出し効率が高くなる。また、導光板へ入射時の前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面における屈折により、光束が偏光面側に向くことになるので、前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面がない従来の場合い比較して偏向面を小さくできることができる。また、導光板を薄くできる。   In the light guide plate, the incident surface has two surfaces that are arranged to face the light source and are inclined in different directions, one of which is the first deflection surface, and the other surface is the first surface. It is preferably a two-deflection surface that reflects light from the light source incident from the reflection surface or the exit surface. By doing so, the light incident from the incident surface is reflected and divided by the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface inclined in different directions, so that there is little loss of light and the light between the end surfaces is reduced. Light extraction efficiency is increased by suppressing reciprocating light guide. Further, since the light beam is directed to the polarization plane side due to refraction at the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface when entering the light guide plate, there is no conventional deflection surface with the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface. In comparison, the deflection surface can be made smaller. Moreover, the light guide plate can be made thin.

上記導光板において、前記入射面は、前記光源に対向して配置され、凹部を形成するように互いに向かい合う方向に傾斜した２面を有し、そのうちの一方の面が前記第１偏向面であり、他方の面が前記第２偏向面であり、前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面のうち少なくとも一方は屈折面であることが好ましい。前記屈折面を利用して、前記光源から入射した光を分割することができる。又、前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面とが、前記入射面が凹部となるように互いに向かい合う方向に傾斜していると、前記光源の周囲光でフレネル反射が減少して高い取り出し効率を得ることができる。   In the light guide plate, the incident surface is disposed to face the light source and has two surfaces inclined in directions facing each other so as to form a recess, and one of the surfaces is the first deflection surface. Preferably, the other surface is the second deflection surface, and at least one of the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface is a refracting surface. The light incident from the light source can be divided using the refractive surface. Further, when the first deflecting surface and the second deflecting surface are inclined in a direction facing each other so that the incident surface becomes a concave portion, Fresnel reflection is reduced by ambient light of the light source and high extraction efficiency is obtained. Can be obtained.

上記導光板において、前記入射面は、前記光源に対向して配置され、異なる方向に傾斜した２面を有し、そのうちの一方の面が前記第１偏向面であり、他方の面が前記第２偏向面であり、前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面のうち少なくとも一方はフレネルレンズ面であることが好ましい。前記フレネルレンズ面を利用して、前記光源から入射した光を分割することができる。   In the light guide plate, the incident surface has two surfaces that are arranged to face the light source and are inclined in different directions, one of which is the first deflection surface, and the other surface is the first surface. It is preferable that at least one of the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface is a Fresnel lens surface. The light incident from the light source can be divided using the Fresnel lens surface.

上記導光板において、前記光取り出し手段に入射した後に、前記出射面から出射する光は、前記出射面の法線に対して前記光源から遠ざかる方向に傾斜した角度で出射することにより、前記出射面の法線方向から傾斜した方向を照明でき、例えば前記照明装置をスタンド照明として用いたときに、使用者頭部が照明の邪魔にならないようにできるので好ましい。   In the light guide plate, after being incident on the light extraction means, the light emitted from the emission surface is emitted at an angle inclined in a direction away from the light source with respect to the normal line of the emission surface. The direction inclined from the normal direction can be illuminated. For example, when the illumination device is used as stand illumination, the user's head can be prevented from obstructing illumination.

上記導光板において、前記光源は、前記入射面に対して平行に配置された線状光源であることで、線状光源は点状光源に比べると照度ムラが少ないので、均一な照明光を得るのに好ましい。   In the light guide plate, the light source is a linear light source arranged in parallel to the incident surface, and the linear light source has less illuminance unevenness than a point light source, thereby obtaining uniform illumination light. Is preferable.

上記導光板において、前記光源は、複数の点状光源であって、前記入射面に沿って所定の間隔で配置されていることが好ましい。点状光源としては、省電力を図れるＬＥＤ等を用いることが出来るが、単一では照度が低くなる場合がある。そこで、複数の点状光源を用いることで照度を高めることが出来、更に前記導光板で複数の前記点状光源から出射した光を混合することで、照度ムラの少ない照明光を射出できる。   In the light guide plate, it is preferable that the light sources are a plurality of point light sources, and are arranged at predetermined intervals along the incident surface. As the point light source, an LED or the like that can save power can be used. Therefore, it is possible to increase the illuminance by using a plurality of point light sources, and furthermore, by mixing the light emitted from the plurality of point light sources with the light guide plate, it is possible to emit illumination light with less illuminance unevenness.

上記導光板において、前記光取り出し手段は、前記反射面に形成された複数の傾斜面を有し、前記傾斜面で反射された光は全反射角より小さい角度で前記射出面に入射することが好ましい。前記反射面に形成された複数の傾斜面で、導光されてきた光を反射偏向するので、前記出射面に入射する光の入射角制御が容易で、所望の照明方向へ確実に導光させて出射できる。   In the light guide plate, the light extraction unit may include a plurality of inclined surfaces formed on the reflecting surface, and light reflected by the inclined surface may be incident on the exit surface at an angle smaller than a total reflection angle. preferable. Since the light that has been guided is reflected and deflected by a plurality of inclined surfaces formed on the reflecting surface, it is easy to control the incident angle of the light that is incident on the exit surface, and the light is reliably guided in a desired illumination direction. Can be emitted.

上記導光板において、前記光取り出し手段は、前記出射面に形成された複数の傾斜面を有し、前記導光板内を導光する光は前記傾斜面に対して全反射角より小さい角度で入射することが好ましい。前記出射面に形成された複数の傾斜面を設けることで、前記出射面に入射する光の入射角制御が容易で、所望の照明方向へ確実に出射できる。又、前記出射面に設けた前記傾斜面で屈折するので、前記傾斜面でのフレネル反射を軽減して前記出射面法線方向から大きく傾斜した方向に高効率で射出できる。   In the light guide plate, the light extraction means has a plurality of inclined surfaces formed on the emission surface, and light guided in the light guide plate is incident at an angle smaller than a total reflection angle with respect to the inclined surface. It is preferable to do. By providing a plurality of inclined surfaces formed on the emission surface, it is easy to control the incident angle of light incident on the emission surface, and the light can be reliably emitted in a desired illumination direction. Further, since the light is refracted by the inclined surface provided on the emission surface, the Fresnel reflection on the inclined surface is reduced, and the light can be emitted with high efficiency in a direction greatly inclined from the normal direction of the emission surface.

上記導光板において、前記傾斜面は、それが設けられた前記反射面もしくは前記出射面よりも、前記導光板の内部側に位置することが好ましい。前記導光板の前記反射面もしくは前記出射面に形成した凹部に前記傾斜面を設けることで、前記導光板内を全反射しつつ導光される光が前記光取り出し手段に捕獲されて取り出される確率が高くなって光取り出し効率を高めることができる。   The said light guide plate WHEREIN: It is preferable that the said inclined surface is located in the inner side of the said light guide plate rather than the said reflective surface or the said output surface in which it was provided. Probability that light guided while being totally reflected in the light guide plate is captured and extracted by the light extraction means by providing the inclined surface in the concave portion formed on the reflection surface or the output surface of the light guide plate. Becomes higher and the light extraction efficiency can be increased.

上記導光板において、前記傾斜面に拡散手段を設けることが好ましい。前記拡散手段により、前記傾斜面に入射した光が混合され出射光の強度ムラが減少して均一な照明を実現できる。ここで、拡散手段としては、例えば傾斜面を転写する転写面の面粗度を高めた金型により転写成形することで、傾斜面を粗し面とすることなどが考えられる。或いは、ＬＥＤ等の点状光源を複数個離散的に配置するときは、ＬＥＤの配列方向のピッチが大きい場合、光路偏向手段である傾斜面の拡散度は、LED配列方向により大きな拡散度を有する異方性拡散面でもよい。異方性拡散面は、サーフェスレリーフホログラム（特開２００９−１７０４３０の段落［００１１］参照）、または等方性散乱を有するブラスト面にヘアライン用の異方性散乱構造を組み合わせることにより実現できる。   In the light guide plate, a diffusing unit is preferably provided on the inclined surface. By the diffusing means, the light incident on the inclined surface is mixed and unevenness in intensity of the emitted light is reduced, so that uniform illumination can be realized. Here, as the diffusing means, for example, it is conceivable that the inclined surface is roughened by transfer molding with a mold having a high surface roughness of the transfer surface to which the inclined surface is transferred. Alternatively, when a plurality of point light sources such as LEDs are discretely arranged, if the pitch in the LED arrangement direction is large, the diffusivity of the inclined surface as the optical path deflecting means has a larger diffusivity in the LED arrangement direction. An anisotropic diffusion surface may be used. An anisotropic diffusion surface can be realized by combining a surface relief hologram (see paragraph [0011] of JP-A-2009-170430) or a blast surface having isotropic scattering with an anisotropic scattering structure for a hairline.

上記導光板において、前記光取り出し手段は、前記反射面に形成された複数の球面又は非球面状の凸ドットからなり、前記凸ドットで反射された光は全反射角より小さい角度で前記射出面に入射することが好ましい。前記凸ドットは、例えばインクジェットにより作製可能であり、安価に製造できる。但し、凸ドットは平面状でも良い。   In the light guide plate, the light extraction means includes a plurality of spherical or aspherical convex dots formed on the reflective surface, and the light reflected by the convex dots has an angle smaller than the total reflection angle. It is preferable to be incident on. The convex dots can be produced, for example, by inkjet, and can be manufactured at low cost. However, the convex dots may be planar.

上記導光板において、前記第１偏向面又は前記第２偏向面を透過もしくは反射した光は、最初に入射する前記反射面又は前記出射面で全反射することが好ましい。前記導光板のエッジなどで生じる回折光を除き、前記第１偏向面又は前記第２偏向面を透過もしくは反射した光が、最初に入射する前記反射面又は前記出射面で全反射するように２分割するので。低損失で明るい照明とすることができる。   In the light guide plate, it is preferable that light transmitted or reflected by the first deflection surface or the second deflection surface is totally reflected by the reflection surface or the emission surface that is incident first. 2 except that light transmitted through or reflected by the first deflecting surface or the second deflecting surface is totally reflected by the first incident surface or the exit surface except for diffracted light generated at the edge of the light guide plate. Because it divides. Low loss and bright lighting.

照明装置は、上記導光板を有することにより、所望の照明方向に出射し光取り出し効率の高い照明装置を提供できる。   When the lighting device has the light guide plate, a lighting device that emits light in a desired lighting direction and has high light extraction efficiency can be provided.

上記照明装置において、前記導光板の前記反射面に隣接して反射板を設けたことが好ましい。前記反射面からも微量の光が洩れ出る場合もあるが、このような光を前記反射板で反射することで、前記出射面から出射させ、これにより更に光取り出し効率の高い照明装置を提供できる。   In the illuminating device, it is preferable that a reflective plate is provided adjacent to the reflective surface of the light guide plate. Although a small amount of light may leak from the reflecting surface, the light is reflected from the reflecting plate to be emitted from the emitting surface, thereby providing an illumination device with higher light extraction efficiency. .

上記照明装置において、前記導光板の前記出射面に隣接して拡散板を設けることが好ましい。前記出射面から出射する光を前記拡散板で透過することにより、射出光を適度に広げて広範囲に照明できると共に、照度ムラを一層低減できる。   In the illumination device, it is preferable that a diffusion plate is provided adjacent to the emission surface of the light guide plate. By transmitting the light emitted from the emission surface through the diffuser plate, the emitted light can be appropriately spread and illuminated over a wide range, and the illuminance unevenness can be further reduced.

別の導光板は、光源と、互いに略平行な反射面と出射面を備えてなり、前記光源からの光を前記反射面又は前記出射面で反射しつつ導光し前記出射面から出射する導光板とを有する照明装置に用いる導光板であって、前記導光板は屈折率が1.4より大きい媒質の素材から形成され、前記反射面と前記出射面の少なくとも一方には、凹又は凸構造を有し導光方向に複数並んだ光取り出し手段が設けられており、前記凹又は凸構造は、前記反射面又は前記出射面に各々接する傾斜面とつなぎ面とを有し、前記光源からの光は、前記導光板に入射した後に、前記反射面又は前記出射面に全反射角を含む角度で入射し、前記凹又は凸構造に入射した後に、前記出射面から出射するようになっており、少なくとも１つの前記凹又は凸構造の導光方向最大サイズは0.5mm以上であり、前記凹又は凸構造間の前記導光方向間隔の最大値は、前記凹又は凸構造の導光方向サイズの最大値より大きい。   The other light guide plate includes a light source, a reflection surface and an emission surface that are substantially parallel to each other, and guides light from the light source while being reflected by the reflection surface or the emission surface and is emitted from the emission surface. A light guide plate used in a lighting device having a light plate, wherein the light guide plate is formed of a material of a medium having a refractive index greater than 1.4, and at least one of the reflection surface and the emission surface has a concave or convex structure. And a plurality of light extraction means arranged in the light guide direction, wherein the concave or convex structure has an inclined surface and a connecting surface respectively in contact with the reflection surface or the emission surface, and the light from the light source is , After entering the light guide plate, entering the reflection surface or the exit surface at an angle including a total reflection angle, entering the concave or convex structure, and then exiting from the exit surface, One concave or convex structure in the light guide direction maximum Figures are 0.5mm or more, the maximum value of the light guiding direction distance between the concave or convex structures, wherein the concave or greater than the maximum value of the light guiding direction size of the convex structure.

少なくとも１つの前記凹又は凸構造の導光方向最大サイズは0.5mm以上であり、前記凹又は凸構造間の前記導光方向間隔の最大値は、前記凹又は凸構造の導光方向サイズの最大値より大きいので、前記凹又は凸構造により前記導光板内を導光してきた光を入射して偏向することで、回折による散乱光等を減少させ、かつ、導光光を確実に反射することで、高い効率を確保しながら出射光の指向性を高めつつ射出でき、これにより所望の照明方向の照度を高めた照明装置を提供できる。なお、前記凹又は凸構造の導光方向最大サイズは２．０mmより小さいと好ましい。   The maximum light guide direction size of at least one of the concave or convex structures is 0.5 mm or more, and the maximum value of the light guide direction interval between the concave or convex structures is the maximum light guide direction size of the concave or convex structures. Because it is larger than the value, the light guided through the light guide plate by the concave or convex structure is incident and deflected to reduce scattered light due to diffraction and to reliably reflect the light. Thus, it is possible to emit light while enhancing the directivity of the emitted light while ensuring high efficiency, and thus it is possible to provide an illumination device that increases the illuminance in a desired illumination direction. The maximum size in the light guide direction of the concave or convex structure is preferably smaller than 2.0 mm.

上記導光板において、前記凹又は凸構造間の導光方向における光取り出し手段である前記傾斜面の最大間隔（すなわち、つなぎ面と平面部の和）をPmax（ｍｍ）,前記傾斜面から出射された光の拡散角の半値全幅をσ（°）、前記傾斜面と前記出射面に隣接した拡散板との距離をｔ（ｍｍ）とするとき、以下の式を満たすことが好ましい。
ｔsinσ<Pmax<ｔsinσ+0.7 （１）In the light guide plate, the maximum interval of the inclined surfaces (that is, the sum of the connecting surface and the planar portion) that is a light extraction means in the light guide direction between the concave or convex structures is emitted from the inclined surfaces by P max (mm). When the full width at half maximum of the diffusion angle of the emitted light is σ (°) and the distance between the inclined surface and the diffusion plate adjacent to the exit surface is t (mm), it is preferable that the following expression is satisfied.
tsinσ <P max <tsinσ + 0.7 (1)

図５６を参照して、（１）の意義について説明する。凹又は凸構造として第１斜面Ｖ１Ａと第２斜面Ｖ２ＡとからなるＶ溝を考える。ここで、第１斜面Ｖ１Ａと出射面に隣接した拡散板との距離を、導光板１の厚みｔ（ｍｍ）に近似しているものとして扱う。厚さｔ（ｍｍ）の導光板に設けた第１斜面Ｖ１Ａで反射した光が拡散度σで拡散したとすると、出射面から出射する際に、導光方向にｔｓｉｎσの範囲を持つ。よって、Ｖ溝の導光方向における最大距離Pmaxがｔsinσより小さければ、出射面全体が発光することとなる。一方、Ｖ溝の導光方向における最大距離Pmaxがｔsinσ以上でも、使用者が違和感を感じない場合もある。かかる場合について説明するＶ溝の導光方向における最大距離Pmaxがｔsinσより大きいと、各第１斜面Ｖ１Ａから出射する光線が出射面から出射する前に交わらないから、出射面に輝度の低い領域ＢＫが現れる。ここで、複数のＶ溝が導光方向に離散的に配置されていると、輝度の低い領域ＢＫは縞状のストライプパターンとして現れる。The significance of (1) will be described with reference to FIG. Consider a V-groove composed of a first slope V1A and a second slope V2A as a concave or convex structure. Here, the distance between the first inclined surface V1A and the diffusion plate adjacent to the emission surface is treated as being approximate to the thickness t (mm) of the light guide plate 1. Assuming that the light reflected by the first inclined surface V1A provided on the light guide plate having a thickness t (mm) is diffused with a diffusivity σ, it has a range of t sin σ in the light guide direction when emitted from the exit surface. Therefore, if the maximum distance P max in the light guide direction of the V-groove is smaller than tsinσ, the entire emission surface emits light. On the other hand, even if the maximum distance P max in the light guide direction of the V-groove is tsinσ or more, the user may not feel uncomfortable. When the maximum distance P max in the light guide direction of the V-groove described in this case is larger than tsinσ, the light beams emitted from the first inclined surfaces V1A do not intersect before being emitted from the emission surface. BK appears. Here, when the plurality of V-grooves are discretely arranged in the light guide direction, the low-brightness region BK appears as a striped stripe pattern.

ここで、４００ｍｍ離れた位置から７０度以上の角度で視力０．５の人が出射面を見たときに、輝度の低い領域ＢＫの範囲が角度２’の範囲であれば、ストライプパターンを認識しにくいから、輝度の低い領域ＢＫの許容範囲は４００・ｓｉｎ２’／ｃｏｓ７５?＝０．７ｍｍとなる。よって、前記凹又は凸構造間の導光方向における最大距離Pmaxが、ｔsinσ+0.7未満であれば、前記出射面の法線方向から75度以上の角度で観察しても前記光取り出し手段により光取り出しされない部分（ストライプパターン）が観察されにくいため、これにより面発光として認識されるので、輝度ムラに起因するグレア（眩しさ）を感じる恐れが少ない。Here, when a person with a visual acuity of 0.5 looks at the exit surface at an angle of 70 degrees or more from a position 400 mm away, the stripe pattern is recognized if the low-brightness region BK is within the range of angle 2 ′. Therefore, the allowable range of the low-brightness region BK is 400 · sin2 ′ / cos75? = 0.7 mm. Therefore, if the maximum distance P max in the light guide direction between the concave or convex structures is less than tsin σ + 0.7, the light extraction means can observe even at an angle of 75 degrees or more from the normal direction of the emission surface. Since the portion (stripe pattern) from which light is not extracted is difficult to be observed, it is recognized as surface emission, and there is little possibility of feeling glare (glare) due to luminance unevenness.

上記導光板において、前記傾斜面に拡散手段を設けることが好ましい。前記拡散手段により、前記傾斜面に入射した光が混合され出射光の強度ムラが減少して均一な照明を実現できる。ここで、拡散手段としては、例えば傾斜面を転写する転写面の面粗度を高めた金型により転写成形することで、傾斜面を粗し面としたり、或いは、ＬＥＤ等の点状光源を複数個離散的に配置するときは、ＬＥＤの配列方向のピッチが大きい場合、光取り出し手段である傾斜面の拡散度は、LED配列方向により大きな拡散度を有する異方性拡散面でもよい。異方性拡散面は、サーフェスレリーフホログラム（特開２００９−１７０４３０の段落［００１１］参照）、または等方性散乱を有するブラスト面にヘアライン用の異方性散乱構造を組み合わせることにより実現できる。   In the light guide plate, a diffusing unit is preferably provided on the inclined surface. By the diffusing means, the light incident on the inclined surface is mixed and unevenness in intensity of the emitted light is reduced, so that uniform illumination can be realized. Here, as the diffusing means, for example, the inclined surface is roughened by transfer molding with a mold having a high surface roughness on the inclined surface, or a point light source such as an LED is used. When a plurality of LEDs are discretely arranged, if the pitch in the LED arrangement direction is large, the diffusivity of the inclined surface as the light extraction means may be an anisotropic diffusion surface having a larger diffusivity in the LED arrangement direction. An anisotropic diffusion surface can be realized by combining a surface relief hologram (see paragraph [0011] of JP-A-2009-170430) or a blast surface having isotropic scattering with an anisotropic scattering structure for a hairline.

上記導光板において、前記拡散手段により与えられる導光方向における拡散度は強度半値全幅で３度から１０度であることが好ましい。前記出射面からの光の射出方向に対する指向性を大きく低下することなく、出射面の輝度ムラを抑えることができる。   In the light guide plate, it is preferable that the diffusivity in the light guide direction given by the diffusing means is 3 to 10 degrees in full width at half maximum. Luminance unevenness on the exit surface can be suppressed without greatly reducing the directivity of the light exiting from the exit surface.

上記導光板において、前記凹又は凸構造の導光方向サイズ及び前記導光方向ピッチは一定であることが好ましい。前記凹又は凸構造の導光方向サイズと導光方向ピッチを一定とすることで、前記出射面の法線方向から75度以上の角度で観察しても、前記光取り出し手段により光取り出しされない部分が観察されやすくなり、また導光効率が向上する。   In the light guide plate, it is preferable that a light guide direction size and the light guide direction pitch of the concave or convex structure are constant. A portion where light is not extracted by the light extraction means even when observed at an angle of 75 degrees or more from the normal direction of the exit surface by making the light guide direction size and the light guide direction pitch of the concave or convex structure constant. Is easily observed, and the light guide efficiency is improved.

上記導光板において、隣接する前記凹又は凸構造間の前記導光方向の間隔は、前記光源から遠ざかるにつれて小さくなることが好ましい。隣接する前記凹又は凸構造間の前記導光方向の間隔が、前記光源から遠ざかるにつれて徐々に小さくなるので、前記光取り出し手段で偏向できずに、前記導光板の入射面と反対側端面に到達する光を、前記導光板のエッジや前記光取り出し手段間の回折により射出して、光取り出し効率を向上できる。更に、出射面の輝度ムラを低減できる。   In the light guide plate, an interval in the light guide direction between the adjacent concave or convex structures is preferably reduced as the distance from the light source increases. Since the distance between the adjacent concave or convex structures in the light guide direction gradually decreases as the distance from the light source increases, the light extraction means cannot be deflected and reaches the end surface opposite to the incident surface of the light guide plate. The light to be emitted can be emitted by diffraction between the edge of the light guide plate and the light extraction means, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency. Furthermore, luminance unevenness on the exit surface can be reduced.

上記導光板において、前記光取り出し手段を凹構造のみとすることで、前記反射面あるいは前記出射面で全反射を含む反射光が、前記光取り出し手段に導かれる確率が高くなるため、導光ロスを抑えて高い光取り出し効率を確保できる。又、前記光取り出し手段間を大きくできるので、全反射しやすくなる。   In the light guide plate, since the light extraction means has only a concave structure, there is a high probability that reflected light including total reflection on the reflection surface or the emission surface is guided to the light extraction means. And high light extraction efficiency can be secured. Further, since the space between the light extraction means can be increased, it becomes easy to totally reflect.

上記導光板において、前記反射面と前記出射面に交差する端面が、前記光源からの光を入射する入射面であり、前記入射面は第１偏向面と第２偏向面とを有し、前記光源からの光は、前記第１偏向面を透過した後に、前記反射面に向かうように偏向されて、前記反射面に対して全反射角を含む角度で入射し、一方、前記第２偏向面を透過した後に、前記出射面に向かうように偏向されて、前記出射面に対して全反射角を含む角度で入射し、その後前記光取り出し手段で反射もしくは透過して前記出射面より出射することが好ましい。前記入射面を構成する前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面により光束分割された2つの光束が、前記反射面と前記出射面で全反射して、前記光取り出し手段に導かれるので、前記導光板内における光の往復導光回数を低下させ、これにより前記光源から出射した光がなるべく減衰しない内に前記光取り出し手段に入射することを促し、もって光取り出し効率を高めることができるのである。   In the light guide plate, an end surface intersecting the reflection surface and the emission surface is an incident surface on which light from the light source is incident, and the incident surface includes a first deflection surface and a second deflection surface, Light from the light source passes through the first deflection surface, is then deflected toward the reflection surface, and is incident on the reflection surface at an angle including a total reflection angle, while the second deflection surface. After being transmitted, the light is deflected toward the exit surface, is incident on the exit surface at an angle including a total reflection angle, and is then reflected or transmitted by the light extraction means and exits from the exit surface. Is preferred. The two light beams divided by the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface constituting the entrance surface are totally reflected by the reflection surface and the exit surface and guided to the light extraction unit. The number of times the light is reciprocated and guided in the light guide plate is reduced, thereby prompting the light emitted from the light source to enter the light extraction means without being attenuated as much as possible, thereby increasing the light extraction efficiency. .

上記導光板において、前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面とは、異なる方向に傾斜した面であることが好ましい。前記入射面に対向した前記光源から直接入射した光を、異なる方向に傾斜した前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面で分割するので、光の損失が少なく、また端面間における光の往復導光回数が減少して光取り出し効率が高くなる。   In the light guide plate, it is preferable that the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface are surfaces inclined in different directions. Light directly incident from the light source facing the incident surface is divided by the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface inclined in different directions, so that there is little light loss and light is reciprocated between end surfaces. The number of times of light decreases and the light extraction efficiency increases.

照明装置は、上記導光板を有することにより、高効率の配光制御が可能で、かつ、使用者の視線で観察したときの輝度ムラ（グレア）が小さく、斜め方向を照明できる照明装置を提供できる。   By providing the light guide plate, the lighting device is capable of high-efficiency light distribution control, and has small luminance unevenness (glare) when observed from the user's line of sight, and provides a lighting device that can illuminate an oblique direction. it can.

上記照明装置において、前記反射面と前記出射面に対して交差する端面に沿って所定の間隔で配置されている複数の点状光源を有することが好ましい。照明装置において、点状光源としては省電力を図れるＬＥＤ等を用いることが出来るが、単一では照度が低くなる場合がある。そこで、複数の点状光源を用いることで照度を高めることが出来、更に前記導光板で複数の前記点状光源から出射した光を混合することで、照度ムラの少ない照明光を射出できる。又、前記反射面と前記出射面に対して交差する端面に沿って、前記複数の光源を配置することで前記照明装置の薄形化を図れる。   The illumination device preferably includes a plurality of point light sources arranged at predetermined intervals along an end surface intersecting the reflection surface and the emission surface. In the lighting device, an LED or the like that can save power can be used as the point light source, but the illuminance may be low if it is single. Therefore, it is possible to increase the illuminance by using a plurality of point light sources, and furthermore, by mixing the light emitted from the plurality of point light sources with the light guide plate, it is possible to emit illumination light with less illuminance unevenness. Further, the lighting device can be thinned by arranging the plurality of light sources along an end surface intersecting the reflection surface and the emission surface.

上記照明装置において、前記導光板の前記反射面に隣接して反射板を設けたことが好ましい。前記反射面からも微量の光が洩れ出る場合もあるが、このような光を前記反射板で反射することで、前記出射面から出射させ、これにより更に光取り出し効率の高い照明装置を提供できる。   In the illuminating device, it is preferable that a reflective plate is provided adjacent to the reflective surface of the light guide plate. Although a small amount of light may leak from the reflecting surface, the light is reflected from the reflecting plate to be emitted from the emitting surface, thereby providing an illumination device with higher light extraction efficiency. .

上記照明装置において、前記導光板の前記出射面に隣接して拡散板を設けることが好ましい。前記出射面から出射する光を前記拡散板で透過することにより、射出光を適度に広げて広範囲に照明できると共に、照度ムラを一層低減できる。   In the illumination device, it is preferable that a diffusion plate is provided adjacent to the emission surface of the light guide plate. By transmitting the light emitted from the emission surface through the diffuser plate, the emitted light can be appropriately spread and illuminated over a wide range, and the illuminance unevenness can be further reduced.

照明スタンドは、上記照明装置を有することで、前記出射面の法線方向から大きく傾斜した方向を照明できるので、使用者頭部が邪魔にならず手元まで明るく照らせる照明スタンドを提供でき、又、使用者が発光面を観察しがちな前記出射面の法線方向の75度以上で、面発光と認識されるので、前記出射面を直接観察しても眩しさが抑制される。但し、本発明の照明装置を足元照明に用いても良い。かかる場合、壁面から大きく傾斜した床方向を照明できるので足元が明るく、床面に立つ使用者が眩しくなく、更に壁面位置を認識させることもできて夜間安全上も好ましい。   Since the illumination stand has the above-described illumination device, it can illuminate a direction greatly inclined from the normal direction of the emission surface, so that it can provide an illumination stand that can illuminate the user's head brightly without getting in the way, Since it is recognized as surface emission at 75 degrees or more in the normal direction of the emission surface, which the user tends to observe the emission surface, glare is suppressed even when the emission surface is directly observed. However, you may use the illuminating device of this invention for step illumination. In such a case, since the floor direction greatly inclined from the wall surface can be illuminated, the feet are bright, the user standing on the floor is not dazzled, and the wall surface position can be recognized, which is preferable for night safety.

１〜１Ｍ 導光板
２ 発光素子（ＬＥＤ）
３ ケース
４ 反射板
５ 拡散板
１１ 第１主面
１２ 第２主面
１３ 入射面
１４ 端面
１５ 光取り出し部
１６ 光束分岐部
Ｖ１ 第１斜面
Ｖ２ 第２斜面
ＤＴ１ 三次元拡散ドット
Ｕ、Ｕ１、Ｕ２ 照明装置
ＳＴ１、ＳＴ２ 照明スタンド（照明器具）1-1M Light guide plate 2 Light emitting element (LED)
3 Case 4 Reflector 5 Diffusion Plate 11 First Main Surface 12 Second Main Surface 13 Incident Surface 14 End Surface 15 Light Extraction Portion 16 Light Splitting Portion V1 First Slope V2 Second Slope DT1 Three-dimensional Diffusion Dots U, U1, U2 Illumination Equipment ST1, ST2 Lighting stand (lighting fixture)

本発明による照明装置は、
第１主面および前記第１主面に対向する第２主面と、前記第１主面と前記第２主面とに交差する方向に延在する側面部とを備える導光板と、
前記側面部の長手方向に延びる光源と、を備え、
前記光源が放射する光を、前記第１主面および前記第２主面で反射しつつ前記導光板内で導光して前記第１主面から射出する照明器具用の照明装置であって、
前記第１主面もしくは前記第２主面のいずれかに、前記導光板内の光路を偏向して前記第１主面への入射角を全反射角よりも小さい角度とすることで前記第１主面から光を取り出す傾斜面を有し、導光方向に凹又は凸の繰り返し構造をなす光取り出し部が設けられており、
前記光取り出し部の傾斜面には拡散手段が設けられ、前記拡散手段により与えられる導光方向における拡散度は強度半値全幅で３度から１０度であり、
前記第１主面の垂線方向から所定角度偏向させて照明光を照射すると共に、前記第１主面の垂線と出射光の最大強度方向とのなす角度θmaxが、１０°＜θmax＜４０°を満たす。
The lighting device according to the present invention comprises:
A light guide plate comprising a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface; and a side surface portion extending in a direction intersecting the first main surface and the second main surface;
A light source extending in the longitudinal direction of the side surface,
A lighting device for a lighting fixture that guides light emitted from the light source within the light guide plate while being reflected by the first main surface and the second main surface, and emits the light from the first main surface,
By deflecting the optical path in the light guide plate to either the first main surface or the second main surface, the angle of incidence on the first main surface is made smaller than the total reflection angle. A light extraction part having an inclined surface for extracting light from the main surface and having a concave or convex repeating structure in the light guide direction is provided,
Diffusion means is provided on the inclined surface of the light extraction portion, and the diffusion degree in the light guide direction given by the diffusion means is 3 to 10 degrees in full width at half maximum,
Illumination light is irradiated while being deflected by a predetermined angle from the normal direction of the first main surface, and an angle θmax formed between the normal of the first main surface and the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light satisfies 10 ° <θmax <40 °. Fulfill.

Claims (34)

第１主面および前記第１主面に対向する第２主面と、前記第１主面と前記第２主面とに交差する方向に延在する側面部とを備える導光板と、
前記側面部の長手方向に延びる光源と、を備え、
前記光源が放射する光を、前記第１主面および前記第２主面で反射しつつ前記導光板内で導光して前記第１主面から射出する照明器具用の照明装置であって、
前記第１主面もしくは前記第２主面のいずれかに、前記導光板内の光路を偏向して前記第１主面への入射角を全反射角よりも小さい角度とすることで前記第１主面から光を取り出す光取り出し部が設けられており、
前記第１主面の垂線方向から所定角度偏向させて照明光を照射すると共に、前記第１主面の垂線と出射光の最大強度方向とのなす角度θmaxが、１０°＜θmax＜４０°を満たす照明装置。A light guide plate comprising a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface; and a side surface portion extending in a direction intersecting the first main surface and the second main surface;
A light source extending in the longitudinal direction of the side surface,
A lighting device for a lighting fixture that guides light emitted from the light source within the light guide plate while being reflected by the first main surface and the second main surface, and emits the light from the first main surface,
By deflecting the optical path in the light guide plate to either the first main surface or the second main surface, the angle of incidence on the first main surface is made smaller than the total reflection angle. A light extraction part that extracts light from the main surface is provided,
The illumination light is irradiated with a predetermined angle deflected from the normal direction of the first main surface, and the angle θ max formed between the normal of the first main surface and the maximum intensity direction of the emitted light is 10 ° <θ max <40. Lighting device that meets the °. 前記角度θmaxが、１５°＜θmax＜３５°を満たす請求項１に記載の照明装置。The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the angle θ max satisfies 15 ° <θ max <35 °. 前記光取り出し部は、導光方向に凹又は凸の繰り返し構造をなしている請求項１又は２に記載の照明装置   The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the light extraction portion has a concave or convex repeating structure in a light guide direction. 前記光取り出し部は、前記側面部の長手方向に延びる多数の溝からなり、前記溝は、前記光源からの光が入射する側の第１斜面と該第１斜面と共に前記溝を形成する第２斜面とを有し、前記第１斜面と前記第２主面の垂線とのなす角度θ１が、５０°＜θ１＜７５°を満たす請求項３に記載の照明装置。   The light extraction portion includes a plurality of grooves extending in the longitudinal direction of the side surface portion, and the groove forms the groove together with the first inclined surface on the light incident side from the light source and the first inclined surface. The lighting device according to claim 3, wherein an angle θ <b> 1 formed by the first inclined surface and a perpendicular of the second main surface satisfies 50 ° <θ1 <75 °. 前記第２斜面と前記第２主面の垂線とのなす角度をθ２としたときに、前記第１斜面と前記第２斜面とのなす角θ１＋θ２は、８０°＜θ１＋θ２＜１１０°を満たす請求項４に記載の照明装置。   The angle θ1 + θ2 formed between the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface satisfies 80 ° <θ1 + θ2 <110 °, where θ2 is an angle formed between the second inclined surface and the perpendicular of the second main surface. 4. The lighting device according to 4. 前記光取り出し部が前記第２主面に設けられ、前記第１斜面にて反射された光が前記第１主面から射出される請求項４に記載の照明装置。   The lighting device according to claim 4, wherein the light extraction portion is provided on the second main surface, and light reflected by the first slope is emitted from the first main surface. 前記光取り出し部が前記第１主面に設けられ、前記第１斜面にて屈折された光が前記第１主面から射出される請求項４に記載の照明装置。   The lighting device according to claim 4, wherein the light extraction portion is provided on the first main surface, and light refracted at the first inclined surface is emitted from the first main surface. 前記光取り出し部は、前記第２主面に設けられ、前記側面部の長手方向に延びる多数の凸部からなり、前記凸部は前記光源からの光が入射する側の第１斜面と該第１斜面と共に前記凸部を形成する第２斜面とを有し、前記第２斜面にて反射された光が前記第１主面から射出される請求項３に記載の照明装置。   The light extraction portion is provided on the second main surface and includes a plurality of convex portions extending in the longitudinal direction of the side surface portion. The convex portion includes a first inclined surface on a side on which light from the light source is incident and the first inclined surface. The lighting device according to claim 3, further comprising: a second inclined surface that forms the convex portion together with one inclined surface, and light reflected by the second inclined surface is emitted from the first main surface. 前記光取り出し部に入射した後に、前記第１主面から出射する光は、前記第１主面の垂線に対して前記光源が配置される側から遠ざかる方向に傾斜した角度で出射する請求項１に記載の照明装置。   The light emitted from the first main surface after being incident on the light extraction portion is emitted at an angle inclined in a direction away from the side where the light source is disposed with respect to the perpendicular of the first main surface. The lighting device described in 1. 前記光取り出し部は、前記光源からの光が入射する側から他方の端部に向かって密度が高くなるように配置されている請求項１から９のいずれかに記載の照明装置。   The lighting device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the light extraction unit is arranged so that the density increases from a side on which light from the light source is incident toward the other end. 前記第１主面に対向した拡散板をさらに備える請求項１から１０のいずれかに記載の照明装置。   The illumination device according to claim 1, further comprising a diffusion plate facing the first main surface. 前記第２主面に対向した反射板をさらに備える請求項１から１１のいずれかに記載の照明装置。   The illuminating device according to claim 1, further comprising a reflecting plate facing the second main surface. 前記導光板は屈折率が1.4より大きい媒質の素材から形成され、前記側面部は第１偏向面と第２偏向面とを備え、前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面とが前記側面部に凹部を形成し、
前記光源からの光は、前記第１偏向面と第２偏向面とを透過もしくは反射した後に、前記導光板内で反射して導光され、
前記導光板内を導光される光のうち、前記第１偏向面を透過もしくは反射した光と、前記第２偏向面を透過もしくは反射した光の双方が、前記光取り出し部に入射した後に、前記第１主面から前記第１主面の垂線に対して同一の側に出射するように構成されている請求項１から１２のいずれかに記載の照明装置。The light guide plate is formed of a material of a medium having a refractive index greater than 1.4, the side surface portion includes a first deflection surface and a second deflection surface, and the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface are the side surface portions. Forming a recess in the
The light from the light source is transmitted through or reflected by the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface, and then reflected and guided in the light guide plate.
Of the light guided in the light guide plate, both the light transmitted or reflected by the first deflection surface and the light transmitted or reflected by the second deflection surface are incident on the light extraction unit. The illuminating device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the illumination device is configured to emit light from the first main surface to the same side with respect to a perpendicular of the first main surface. 前記側面部の凹部はＶ溝形状をしており、その頂角θ３が、１２０°＜θ３＜１６０°を満たす請求項１３に記載の照明装置。   The lighting device according to claim 13, wherein the concave portion of the side surface portion has a V-groove shape, and the apex angle θ3 satisfies 120 ° <θ3 <160 °. 前記光源は、前記側面部に対向するように配置され、前記光源からの光は、前記第１偏向面及び第２偏向面とで屈折されて前記導光板内を反射して導光される請求項１３又は１４に記載の照明装置。   The light source is disposed so as to face the side surface portion, and light from the light source is refracted by the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface and reflected and guided in the light guide plate. Item 15. The lighting device according to Item 13 or 14. 前記光源は前記導光板の端部であって前記第１主面に対向して配置され、前記光源からの光は、前記第１主面から入射して前記第１偏向面及び第２偏向面とで反射されて前記導光板内を反射して導光される請求項１３又は１４に記載の照明装置。   The light source is an end of the light guide plate and is disposed to face the first main surface, and light from the light source enters the first main surface and enters the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface. The illuminating device according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the illumination device is reflected by the light and is reflected and guided in the light guide plate. 前記凹又は凸の繰り返し構造の少なくとも１つの導光方向の最大サイズは0.5mm以上であり、前記凹又は凸構造間の前記導光方向間隔の最大値は、前記凹又は凸構造の導光方向サイズの最大値より大きい請求項３に記載の照明装置。   The maximum size of at least one light guide direction of the concave or convex repeating structure is 0.5 mm or more, and the maximum value of the light guide direction interval between the concave or convex structures is the light guide direction of the concave or convex structure The lighting device according to claim 3, wherein the lighting device is larger than a maximum size. 前記凹又は凸の繰り返し構造の少なくとも１つの導光方向の最大サイズは0.5mm以上であり、前記凹又は凸構造間の前記導光方向間隔の最大値は、前記凹又は凸構造の導光方向サイズの最大値より大きい請求項１１に記載の照明装置。   The maximum size of at least one light guide direction of the concave or convex repeating structure is 0.5 mm or more, and the maximum value of the light guide direction interval between the concave or convex structures is the light guide direction of the concave or convex structure The lighting device according to claim 11, wherein the lighting device is larger than a maximum size. 前記光取り出し部を構成する前記傾斜面の最大間隔をPmax（ｍｍ）,前記傾斜面から出射された光の拡散角の半値全幅をσ（°）、前記傾斜面と前記拡散板との距離をＴ（ｍｍ）とするとき、以下の式を満たす請求項１８に記載の照明装置。
Ｔsinσ<Pmax<Ｔsinσ+0.7 （１）The maximum interval between the inclined surfaces constituting the light extraction portion is P max (mm), the full width at half maximum of the diffusion angle of light emitted from the inclined surface is σ (°), and the distance between the inclined surface and the diffusion plate The lighting device according to claim 18, wherein the following equation is satisfied when T is (mm):
Tsinσ <P max <Tsinσ + 0.7 (1) 前記光取り出し部の前記傾斜面に拡散手段を有する請求項１９に記載の照明装置。   The lighting device according to claim 19, further comprising a diffusing unit on the inclined surface of the light extraction unit. 前記拡散手段により与えられる導光方向における拡散度は強度半値全幅で３度から１０
度である請求項２０に記載の照明装置。The diffusivity in the light guide direction given by the diffusing means is 3 to 10 in full width at half maximum.
The lighting device according to claim 20, which is a degree. 前記第１主面に対向した拡散板と前記第２主面に対向した反射板とをさらに備える請求項１８から２１のいずれかに記載の照明装置。   The illuminating device according to any one of claims 18 to 21, further comprising a diffusion plate facing the first main surface and a reflecting plate facing the second main surface. 請求項１から２２のいずれかに記載した照明装置を用いた照明スタンドであって、台座部と支柱とを備え、前記支柱の先端側に前記照明装置を装着し、前記照明装置の第１主面を被照明面と略平行に設置して使用し、前記照明装置からの出射光は前記支柱が配置される側から遠ざかる方向に傾斜した角度で出射する照明スタンド。   An illumination stand using the illumination device according to any one of claims 1 to 22, comprising a pedestal portion and a support column, wherein the illumination device is mounted on a distal end side of the support column, and the first main unit of the illumination device is provided. A lighting stand that is used by setting a surface substantially parallel to a surface to be illuminated, and that emits light emitted from the illumination device at an angle inclined in a direction away from a side where the support column is disposed. 第１主面および前記第１主面に対向する第２主面と、前記第１主面と前記第２主面とに交差する方向に延在する側面部とを備える導光板と、
前記側面部の長手方向に延びる光源と、を備え、
前記光源が放射する光を、前記第１主面および前記第２主面で反射しつつ前記導光板内で導光して前記第１主面から射出する照明器具用の照明装置であって、
前記導光板は屈折率が1.4より大きい媒質の素材から形成され、前記第１主面もしくは前記第２主面のいずれかに、前記導光板内の光路を偏向して前記第１主面への入射角を全反射角よりも小さい角度とすることで前記第１主面から光を取り出す光取り出し部を備え、前記側面部は前記側面部に入射する光を分割する第１偏向面と第２偏向面とを備え、
前記光源からの光は、前記第１偏向面と第２偏向面とを透過もしくは反射した後に、前記導光板内で反射して導光され、
前記導光板内を導光される光のうち、前記第１偏向面を透過もしくは反射した光と、前記第２偏向面を透過もしくは反射した光の双方が、前記光取り出し部に入射した後に、前記第１主面から前記第１主面の垂線に対して同一の方向に出射するように構成されている照明装置。A light guide plate comprising a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface; and a side surface portion extending in a direction intersecting the first main surface and the second main surface;
A light source extending in the longitudinal direction of the side surface,
A lighting device for a lighting fixture that guides light emitted from the light source within the light guide plate while being reflected by the first main surface and the second main surface, and emits the light from the first main surface,
The light guide plate is formed of a medium material having a refractive index greater than 1.4, and deflects an optical path in the light guide plate to the first main surface to either the first main surface or the second main surface. A light extraction portion that extracts light from the first main surface by setting the incident angle to be smaller than the total reflection angle, and the side surface portion includes a first deflection surface that divides the light incident on the side surface portion, and a second deflection surface. A deflection surface,
The light from the light source is transmitted through or reflected by the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface, and then reflected and guided in the light guide plate.
Of the light guided in the light guide plate, both the light transmitted or reflected by the first deflection surface and the light transmitted or reflected by the second deflection surface are incident on the light extraction unit. A lighting device configured to emit light from the first main surface in the same direction with respect to a perpendicular to the first main surface. 前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面とが互いに異なる方向に傾斜しており、前記側面部に凹部を形成している請求項２４の照明装置。 The lighting device according to claim 24, wherein the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface are inclined in different directions, and a concave portion is formed in the side surface portion. 前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面とは集光作用を有する請求項２４の照明装置。   25. The illumination device according to claim 24, wherein the first deflection surface and the second deflection surface have a condensing function. 前記第１偏向面と前記第２偏向面とフレネルレンズ面である請求項２４の照明装置。 25. The illumination device according to claim 24, wherein the illumination device is the first deflection surface, the second deflection surface, and a Fresnel lens surface. 前記側面部の凹部はＶ溝形状をしており、その頂角θ３が、１２０°＜θ３＜１６０°を満たす請求項２５に記載の照明装置。   The lighting device according to claim 25, wherein the concave portion of the side surface portion has a V-groove shape, and the apex angle θ3 satisfies 120 ° <θ3 <160 °. 前記光取り出し部は、導光方向に凹又は凸の繰り返し構造をなしており、前記凹又は凸の繰り返し構造の少なくとも１つの導光方向の最大サイズは0.5mm以上であり、前記凹又は凸構造間の前記導光方向間隔の最大値は、前記凹又は凸構造の導光方向サイズの最大値より大きい請求項２４から２８のいずれかに記載の照明装置。   The light extraction portion has a concave or convex repeating structure in the light guiding direction, and the maximum size in at least one light guiding direction of the concave or convex repeating structure is 0.5 mm or more, and the concave or convex structure The lighting device according to any one of claims 24 to 28, wherein a maximum value of the light guide direction interval therebetween is larger than a maximum value of a light guide direction size of the concave or convex structure. 前記第１主面に対向した拡散板を有し、
前記光取り出し部を構成する前記傾斜面の最大間隔をPmax（ｍｍ）,前記傾斜面から出射された光の拡散角の半値全幅をσ（°）、前記傾斜面と前記拡散板との距離をＴ（ｍｍ）とするとき、以下の式を満たす請求項２９に記載の照明装置。
Ｔsinσ<Pmax<Ｔsinσ+0.7 （１）A diffusion plate facing the first main surface;
The maximum interval between the inclined surfaces constituting the light extraction portion is P max (mm), the full width at half maximum of the diffusion angle of light emitted from the inclined surface is σ (°), and the distance between the inclined surface and the diffusion plate The lighting device according to claim 29, wherein the following equation is satisfied, where T is (mm).
Tsinσ <P max <Tsinσ + 0.7 (1) 前記光取り出し部の前記傾斜面に拡散手段を有する請求項２９又は３０に記載の照明装置。   The lighting device according to claim 29 or 30, further comprising a diffusing unit on the inclined surface of the light extraction unit. 前記拡散手段により与えられる導光方向における拡散度は強度半値全幅で３度から１０
度である請求項３１に記載の照明装置。The diffusivity in the light guide direction given by the diffusing means is 3 to 10 in full width at half maximum.
32. The lighting device of claim 31, wherein the lighting device is a degree. 前記第２主面に対向した反射板をさらに備える請求項１から３２のいずれかに記載の照明装置。   The illuminating device according to any one of claims 1 to 32, further comprising a reflecting plate facing the second main surface. 請求項２４から３３のいずれかに記載した照明装置を用いた照明スタンドであって、台座部と支柱とを備え、前記支柱の先端側に前記照明装置を装着し、前記照明装置の第１主面を被照明面と略平行に設置して使用し、前記照明装置からの出射光は前記支柱が配置される側から遠ざかる方向に傾斜した角度で出射する照明スタンド。   34. A lighting stand using the lighting device according to any one of claims 24 to 33, comprising a pedestal portion and a column, wherein the lighting device is mounted on a tip side of the column, and the first main unit of the lighting device is provided. A lighting stand that is used by setting a surface substantially parallel to a surface to be illuminated, and that emits light emitted from the illumination device at an angle inclined in a direction away from a side where the support column is disposed.
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