JPWO2004026953A1 - Transparent reversible thermogelled aqueous composition - Google Patents

Transparent reversible thermogelled aqueous composition Download PDF

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JPWO2004026953A1
JPWO2004026953A1 JP2004568913A JP2004568913A JPWO2004026953A1 JP WO2004026953 A1 JPWO2004026953 A1 JP WO2004026953A1 JP 2004568913 A JP2004568913 A JP 2004568913A JP 2004568913 A JP2004568913 A JP 2004568913A JP WO2004026953 A1 JPWO2004026953 A1 JP WO2004026953A1
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aqueous composition
pharmaceutically acceptable
composition according
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acid
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鈴木 秀一
秀一 鈴木
雄一朗 中野
雄一朗 中野
州子 落合
州子 落合
臼井 正彦
正彦 臼井
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Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L1/00Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • C08L1/08Cellulose derivatives
    • C08L1/26Cellulose ethers
    • C08L1/28Alkyl ethers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L27/52Hydrogels or hydrocolloids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L71/00Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L71/02Polyalkylene oxides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2400/00Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L2400/06Flowable or injectable implant compositions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2430/00Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
    • A61L2430/16Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for reconstruction of eye parts, e.g. intraocular lens, cornea

Abstract

本発明は、メチルセルロース、好ましくはさらにヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ポリエチレングリコール、オキシ酸及びその薬学的に許容される塩、アミノ酸及びその薬学的に許容される塩、及び尿素からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物及びそれを用いた人工硝子体である。本発明の組成物は、眼組織に対して低毒性で、無菌であり、注入や抜去が容易で、体温でゲル化し、透明で眼底の観察が容易であり、タンポナーデ効果が期待される理想的な人工硝子体を提供する。The present invention provides at least one selected from the group consisting of methylcellulose, preferably hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, oxyacid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, amino acids and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and urea. A reversible heat-gelable aqueous composition containing an artificial vitreous body using the same. The composition of the present invention has low toxicity to eye tissues, is sterile, is easy to inject and remove, gels at body temperature, is transparent and easy to observe the fundus, and is ideally expected to have a tamponade effect An artificial artificial vitreous.

Description

本発明は透明な可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物及び本組成物を用いた人工硝子体に関する。さらに詳しくは、硝子体内に注入したとき、体温によりゲル化することで、網膜に対するタンポナーデ効果をもたらす可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物及びこれをを用いた人工硝子体に関する。  The present invention relates to a transparent reversible thermogelable aqueous composition and an artificial vitreous body using the composition. More specifically, the present invention relates to a reversible thermogelled aqueous composition that produces a tamponade effect on the retina by being gelled by body temperature when injected into a vitreous body, and an artificial vitreous body using the composition.

硝子体手術は1970年頃から一般化し、硝子体混濁や網膜剥離に対して行われるようになった。さらに、手術技法やこれに伴う器具も年々改良され、種々の硝子体病変、網膜病変に対して手術療法が行われている。しかし、難治性網膜剥離は、硝子体手術後、網脈絡膜癒着を十分に得るために、硝子体腔内に硝子体に代わるタンポナーデ物質を注入し、網膜に対してタンポナーデ効果をもたらすことが必要である。このような物質は人工硝子体と呼ばれている。
これまで人工硝子体として用いられてきた物質は、実用化あるいは検討段階のものも含めて多数存在している。例えば、疎水性物質としては、シリコンオイル、フルオロシリコンオイル、液体パーフルオロカーボンなどがあるが、いずれも網膜に対する障害や毒性が懸念されている。親水性物質としては、ヒアルロン酸ナトリウム、ヒアルロン酸ナトリウムとコラーゲンの混合物、ポリビニルアルコールゲル、ポリビニルピロリドン、生理食塩水などが試みられているが、注入時の取り扱いが困難であり、また、手術後の眼圧上昇のため緑内障を誘発する危険も指摘されている。気体としては、パーフルオロプロパンガス、6フッ価イオウガスが臨床で広く使用されているが、術後の眼底の透見が困難で、眼圧上昇や眼組織への毒性が懸念されている。
理想的な人工硝子体とは、透明で眼底の観察が容易であり、眼内で安定で、眼圧の上昇、増殖性網膜症や炎症反応を起こしにくく、眼組織に対して毒性を持たず、無菌であり、注入や抜去が容易であるなどがあげられる。しかしながら、これらの条件を満たす人工硝子体は未だ開発されていない。
本発明者らは理想的な人工硝子体に、可逆性熱ゲル化水性医薬組成物(特許第2729859号)を用いることを検討した。この発明を用いた市販製剤であるリズモンTG(登録商標)を分光光度計用の1cm四方のプラスチック製セルに入れ、10℃、24時間保存後、37℃の水浴中で1時間保持した。この製剤は、眼組織に対して低毒性で、無菌であり、注入や抜去が容易であり、上記した理想的な人工硝子体の要件の多くを満たしていた。この製剤は体温でゲル化するため、眼内に注入した場合には眼内で体温により眼球の形でゲル化し、その形を長く維持するため強いタンポナーデ効果も期待できることが明らかとなった。
しかしながら、この製剤がゲル化した場合には白濁し、透明感がなくなり、上記したような理想的な人工硝子体として用いることは困難であることが明らかとなった。
Vitreous surgery has become common since around 1970 and has been performed for vitreous opacification and retinal detachment. In addition, surgical techniques and instruments associated therewith have been improved year by year, and surgical treatment is being performed for various vitreous lesions and retinal lesions. However, for refractory retinal detachment, it is necessary to inject tamponade instead of vitreous into the vitreous cavity to bring about a tamponade effect on the retina in order to obtain sufficient choroidal adhesion after vitreous surgery . Such a substance is called an artificial vitreous.
There are many substances that have been used as artificial vitreous so far, including those at the stage of practical use or examination. For example, examples of hydrophobic substances include silicone oil, fluorosilicone oil, and liquid perfluorocarbon, all of which are concerned about damage to the retina and toxicity. As hydrophilic substances, sodium hyaluronate, a mixture of sodium hyaluronate and collagen, polyvinyl alcohol gel, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, physiological saline, and the like have been tried, but handling at the time of injection is difficult, and post-surgery The danger of inducing glaucoma due to increased intraocular pressure has also been pointed out. As the gas, perfluoropropane gas and hexavalent sulfur gas are widely used in clinical practice, but it is difficult to see through the fundus after surgery, and there is concern about increased intraocular pressure and toxicity to ocular tissues.
The ideal artificial vitreous is transparent and easy to observe the fundus, stable in the eye, not prone to increased intraocular pressure, proliferative retinopathy and inflammatory reaction, and has no toxicity to ocular tissues It is sterile and easy to inject and remove. However, an artificial vitreous body that satisfies these conditions has not been developed yet.
The present inventors examined the use of a reversible thermogelled aqueous pharmaceutical composition (Patent No. 2729859) as an ideal artificial vitreous. Lismon TG (registered trademark), a commercial preparation using this invention, was placed in a 1 cm square plastic cell for a spectrophotometer, stored at 10 ° C. for 24 hours, and then kept in a 37 ° C. water bath for 1 hour. This formulation is low toxic to ocular tissue, is sterile, is easy to inject and remove, and meets many of the requirements for the ideal artificial vitreous described above. Since this preparation gels at body temperature, it has been clarified that when injected into the eye, it gels in the shape of an eyeball due to body temperature in the eye, and a strong tamponade effect can be expected to maintain the shape for a long time.
However, when this preparation is gelled, it becomes cloudy and loses its transparency, which makes it difficult to use it as an ideal artificial vitreous body as described above.

本発明は、上記の現状に鑑み、体温でゲル化した場合に透明感の高い透明な可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物及びこれを用いた人工硝子体を提供することを目的とするものである。
本発明者らは、体温でゲル化した場合に透明感の高い人工硝子体を与える可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物の開発に向けて鋭意検討した。その結果、組成物がゲル化した場合の光の透過率が水のそれに比較して70%以上であれば、人工硝子体として使用することが可能であるほど透明であり、且つ、メチルセルロースを含有する可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物であれば、体温でゲル化した後もこのような透明感を維持できることを発見し、本発明を完成させた。本発明は以下の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物及びこれを用いた人工硝子体を提供するものである。
1.メチルセルロースを含有する透明な可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。
2.体温でゲル化し、且つ、ゲル化した後の光の透過率が水の透過率の70%以上である上記1に記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。
3.体温でゲル化し、且つ、ゲル化した後の光の透過率が水の透過率の80%以上である上記1に記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。
4.さらに、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ポリエチレングリコール、オキシ酸及びその薬学的に許容される塩、アミノ酸及びその薬学的に許容される塩、及び尿素からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種を含む上記1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。
5.オキシ酸及びその薬学的に許容される塩が、クエン酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸、乳酸、及びこれらの薬学的に許容される塩である上記4に記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。
6.アミノ酸及びその薬学的に許容される塩が、グリシン、アスパラギン酸、ヒスチジン、グルタミン酸、リジン、アルギニン、アラニン、セリン、プロリン、メチオニン、タウリン、トレオニン、システイン、アミノ酢酸、バリン、トリプトファン、フェニルアラニン、ロイシン、イソロイシン、及びこれらの薬学的に許容される塩である上記4に記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。
7.さらに薬物を含む上記1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。
8.メチルセルロースの濃度が0.2〜7w/v%である上記1〜7のいずれか1項記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。
9.ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースを含み、その濃度が0.5〜6w/v%である上記4〜8のいずれか1項記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。
10.ポリエチレングリコールを含み、その濃度が0.1〜13w/v%である上記4〜8のいずれか1項記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。
11.オキシ酸又はその薬学的に許容される塩を含み、その濃度が0.01〜2.0w/v%である上記4〜8のいずれか1項記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。
12.アミノ酸又はその薬学的に許容される塩を含み、その濃度が0.01〜2.0w/v%である上記4〜8のいずれか1項記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。
13.尿素を含み、その濃度が0.01〜2.0w/v%である上記4〜8のいずれか1項記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。
14.(1)メチルセルロース0.2〜7w/v%、(2)ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース0.5〜6w/v%、(3)ポリエチレングリコール0.1〜13w/v%、及び(4)オキシ酸又はその薬学的に許容される塩0.01〜2.0w/v%、アミノ酸又はその薬学的に許容される塩0.01〜2.0w/v%及び尿素0.01〜2.0w/v%からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種、を含む可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。
15.上記1〜14のいずれか1項記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物を用いた人工硝子体。
In view of the above-mentioned present situation, the present invention aims to provide a transparent reversible thermogelled aqueous composition that is highly transparent when gelled at body temperature, and an artificial vitreous body using the same. .
The present inventors diligently studied for the development of a reversible thermogelled aqueous composition that gives an artificial vitreous body having a high transparency when gelled at body temperature. As a result, if the light transmittance when the composition is gelled is 70% or more compared to that of water, the composition is transparent enough to be used as an artificial vitreous and contains methylcellulose. Thus, the present invention has been completed by discovering that such a reversible thermal gelling aqueous composition can maintain such transparency even after gelation at body temperature. The present invention provides the following reversible thermally gelled aqueous composition and an artificial vitreous body using the same.
1. A transparent reversible thermogelling aqueous composition containing methylcellulose.
2. 2. The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition as described in 1 above, which gels at body temperature and has a light transmittance of 70% or more of the water transmittance after gelation.
3. 2. The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to 1 above, which gels at a body temperature and has a light transmittance of 80% or more after water gelation.
4). Further, the above 1 to 3 comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, oxyacid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, amino acids and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and urea. The reversible thermogelled aqueous composition according to any one of the above.
5). 5. The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition as described in 4 above, wherein the oxyacid and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
6). Amino acids and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are glycine, aspartic acid, histidine, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, alanine, serine, proline, methionine, taurine, threonine, cysteine, aminoacetic acid, valine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, leucine, 5. The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to 4 above, which is isoleucine and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
7). 7. The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to any one of 1 to 6, further comprising a drug.
8). 8. The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to any one of 1 to 7 above, wherein the methylcellulose concentration is 0.2 to 7 w / v%.
9. The reversible thermogelable aqueous composition according to any one of 4 to 8 above, which comprises hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and has a concentration of 0.5 to 6 w / v%.
10. The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to any one of 4 to 8 above, which comprises polyethylene glycol and has a concentration of 0.1 to 13 w / v%.
11. The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to any one of 4 to 8 above, comprising an oxyacid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and having a concentration of 0.01 to 2.0 w / v%.
12 The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to any one of 4 to 8 above, which comprises an amino acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and has a concentration of 0.01 to 2.0 w / v%.
13. The reversible thermogelable aqueous composition according to any one of 4 to 8 above, which contains urea and has a concentration of 0.01 to 2.0 w / v%.
14 (1) methylcellulose 0.2-7 w / v%, (2) hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 0.5-6 w / v%, (3) polyethylene glycol 0.1-13 w / v%, and (4) oxyacid or its Pharmaceutically acceptable salt 0.01-2.0 w / v%, amino acid or pharmaceutically acceptable salt 0.01-2.0 w / v% and urea 0.01-2.0 w / v% A reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of:
15. 15. An artificial vitreous body using the reversible thermogelled aqueous composition according to any one of 1 to 14 above.

本発明は、メチルセルロースを含有する透明な可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物であり、また眼組織に対して低毒性で、無菌であり、注入や抜去が容易で、体温でゲル化し、透明で眼底の観察が容易であり、強いタンポナーデ効果が期待されるメチルセルロースを含有する可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物である。さらに、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ポリエチレングリコール、オキシ酸及びその薬学的に許容される塩、アミノ酸及びその薬学的に許容される塩、及び尿素からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種を含む可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物も本発明に含まれる。また、薬物を含む可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物も本発明に含まれる。
本発明の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物はメチルセルロース、好ましくはさらにヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ポリエチレングリコール、オキシ酸及びその薬学的に許容される塩、アミノ酸及びその薬学的に許容される塩、及び尿素からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物である。
本発明の組成物に用いられるメチルセルロース(以下、MCと略称することもある)は、その2w/v%水溶液の20℃における粘度が3〜12000ミリパスカル・秒の範囲のものであればいずれのMCでも単独または混合して使用することができる。メトキシル基の含有率は水に対する溶解性の観点から26〜33%の範囲が好ましい。さらにMCはその水溶液の粘度により区別され、例えば、市販品の品種には表示粘度4、15、25、100、400、1500、8000(数字は2w/v%水溶液の20℃粘度のミリパスカル・秒)のものがあり、容易に入手可能である。好ましくは表示粘度4〜400のMCが、眼内に注入する場合取り扱いやすいため好ましい。MCの概要、規格、用途、使用量及び商品名などについては医薬品添加物事典(日本医薬品添加物協会編集、薬事日報社発行)に詳細に記載されている。
本発明に用いられるヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(以下、HPMCと略称することもある)は、そのメトキシル基及びヒドロキシプロピル基の含有率により3種類(2208、2906及び2910)に分けられ、さらにそれぞれその水溶液の粘度により区別され、例えば、市販品の品種には表示粘度4〜100000(数字は2w/v%水溶液の20℃粘度のミリパスカル・秒)のものがあり、容易に入手可能である。本発明で用いられるHPMCは、取り扱いの点から、表示粘度10000以下のものが好ましい。HPMCの概要、規格、用途、使用量及び商品名などについては医薬品添加物事典(日本医薬品添加物協会編集、薬事日報社発行)に詳細に記載されている。
本発明に用いられるポリエチレングリコール(以下、PEGと略称することもある)は、PEG−200、−300、−600、−1000、−1540、−2000、−4000、−6000、−20000、−50000、−500000、−2000000及び−4000000の商品名で和光純薬工業(株)からまたマクロゴール−200、−300、−400、−600、−1000、−1540、−4000、−6000、−20000の商品名で日本油脂(株)より販売されている。本発明の基剤に用いられるPEGの重量平均分子量は300〜50000が好ましく、1000〜20000が特に好ましい。また、2種以上のPEGを混合して重量平均分子量を上記の至適範囲内に調整することも可能である。PEGの概要、規格、用途、使用量及び商品名などについては医薬品添加物事典(日本医薬品添加物協会編集、薬事日報社発行)に詳細に記載されている。
本発明に用いられるオキシ酸としては、クエン酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸、乳酸などを例示できる。また、オキシ酸の薬学的に許容し得る塩としては、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩などを例示できる。
本発明に用いられるアミノ酸としては、グリシン、アスパラギン酸、ヒスチジン、グルタミン酸、リジン、アルギニン、アラニン、セリン、プロリン、メチオニン、タウリン、トレオニン、システイン、アミノ酢酸、バリン、トリプトファン、フェニルアラニン、ロイシン、イソロイシンなどを例示できる。また、薬学的に許容し得る塩としては、塩酸塩、硫酸塩、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩などを例示できる。さらに、市販の静注用栄養補給剤であるアミノ酸輸液を用いることができる。
本発明の組成物は、眼組織に低毒性で、体温でゲル化し、且つ、ゲル化した後の光の透過率が水のそれに比較して低すぎず、例えば、70%以上であれば、組成物の各成分の濃度範囲に特に制限はないが、MC、及びHPMC、PEG、オキシ酸及びその薬学的に許容される塩、アミノ酸及びその薬学的に許容される塩、及び尿素からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む場合、以下の濃度範囲が以下の理由により好ましい。
MCの使用濃度は0.2〜7w/v%であることが好ましい。MCの濃度が0.2w/v%未満では、体温で組成物がゲル化しにくく、MCの濃度が7w/v%を超えると、体温で組成物がゲル化してもゲルが透明になりにくい。
HPMCの使用濃度は0.5〜6w/v%であることが好ましい。HPMCの濃度が0.5w/v%未満では、体温で組成物がゲル化しにくく、HPMCの濃度が6w/v%を超えると、体温で組成物がゲル化してもゲルが透明になりにくい。
PEGの使用濃度は通常0.1〜13w/v%である。PEGの濃度が0.1w/v%未満では、体温で組成物がゲル化しにくく、PEGの濃度が13w/v%を超えると、組成物の粘度が高くなりすぎて取り扱いにくくなる。
オキシ酸及び/又はその薬学的に許容される塩の使用濃度は通常0.01〜2.0w/v%であり、好ましくは0.05〜1.0w/v%である。オキシ酸及び/又はその薬学的に許容される塩の濃度が0.01w/v%未満では、体温で組成物がゲル化しにくく、2.0w/v%を超えると、体温で組成物がゲル化してもゲルが透明になりにくい。
アミノ酸及び/又はその薬学的に許容される塩の使用濃度は通常0.01〜2.0w/v%であり、好ましくは0.05〜1.0w/v%である。アミノ酸及び/又はその薬学的に許容される塩の濃度が0.01w/v%未満では、体温で組成物がゲル化しにくく、2.0w/v%を超えると、体温で組成物がゲル化してもゲルが透明になりにくい。
尿素の使用濃度は通常0.01〜2.0w/v%であり、好ましくは0.05〜1.0w/v%である。尿素の濃度が0.01w/v%未満では、体温で組成物がゲル化しにくく、2.0w/v%を超えると、体温で組成物がゲル化してもゲルが透明になりにくい。
従って、0.2〜7w/v%MC、0.5〜6w/v%HPMC、0.1〜13w/v%PEG、及び0.01〜2.0w/v%オキシ酸、0.01〜2.0w/v%アミノ酸及び0.01〜2.0w/v%尿素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種からなる透明な可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物及びこれを用いた人工硝子体は本発明の好ましい態様のひとつである。
本発明の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物は、室温またはそれ以下では液体であり哺乳類、特にヒトの体温でゲル化することが所望され、且つ、タンポナーデ効果を得るために、体温に暴露後、2時間以内にゲル化することが好ましい。またゲル化後の光(660nm)の透過率は、水の透過率に比較したとき、好ましくは70%以上であり、より好ましくは80%以上である。
本発明の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物には薬物を含有させることができる。このような薬物としては、例えば、アムホテリシンB、フルコナゾール、硝酸ミコナゾールなどの抗真菌剤、コリスチンメタンスルホン酸ナトリウム、カルベニシリンナトリウム、硫酸ゲンタマイシン、エリスロマイシン、トブラマイシン、カナマイシンなどの抗生物質、アシタザノラスト、フマル酸ケトチフェン、クロモグリク酸ナトリウム、トラニラストなどの抗アレルギー薬、リン酸ベタメタゾン、デキサメタゾン、ヒドロコルチゾン、ジクロフェナクナトリウム、プラノプロフェン、インドメタシン、ブロムフェナクナトリウム、メロキシカム、ロルノキシカムなどの抗炎症剤、フラビンアデニンジヌクレオチド、リン酸ピリドキサール、シアノコバラミンなどのビタミン薬、シクロスポリン、タクロリムス、ミコフェノール酸などの免疫抑制薬、アミノグアニジン、エパルレスタットなどの糖尿病用薬、コンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウム、タウリンなどのアミノ酸、ヒアルロン酸ナトリウムなどの手術助剤、塩酸シプロフロキサシン、塩酸ロメフロキサシン、オフロキサシン、レボフロキサシン、トシル酸パズフロキサシン、ガチフロキサシン、塩酸モキシフロキサシンなどの合成抗菌剤、マイトマイシンC、5−フルオロウラシル、アドリアマイシンなどの抗悪性腫瘍剤、アシクロビル、ガンシクロビル、シドフォビル、ソリブジン、トリフルオロチミジンなどの抗ウイルス剤などを挙げることができる。これら薬物の配合量は期待される薬効が得られる濃度であれば特に制限はなく、通常は0.001〜5.0w/v%が適当である。
本発明で用いられる可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物はその特性を生かして、人工硝子体だけではなく、注射剤、経口剤、点耳剤、点鼻剤、点眼剤、塗布剤などにも使用することができる。
本発明の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物は通常pH4〜10に調整され、特にpH6〜8で調整されることが好ましい。本発明の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物のpHを調整するために、通常添加される種々のpH調整剤が使用される。酸類としては、例えば、アスコルビン酸、塩酸、グルコン酸、酢酸、乳酸、ホウ酸、リン酸、硫酸、クエン酸などが挙げられる。塩基類としては、例えば、水酸化カリウム、水酸化カルシウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化マグネシウム、モノエタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミンなどが挙げられる。その他のpH調整剤として、グリシン、ヒスチジン、イプシロンアミノカプロン酸などのアミノ酸類なども挙げることができる。
本発明の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物を調製するにあたって、薬学的に許容し得る等張化剤、可溶化剤、保存剤及び防腐剤などを必要に応じて、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で本発明の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物に添加することができる。等張化剤としてはキシリトール、マンニトール、ブドウ糖等の糖類、プロピレングリコール、グリセリン、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウムなどが挙げられる。可溶化剤としては、ポリソルベート80、ポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油及びシクロデキストリンが挙げられる。保存剤としては塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム及びグルコン酸クロルヘキシジンなどの逆性石鹸類、パラヒドロキシ安息香酸メチル、パラヒドロキシ安息香酸プロピル、パラヒドロキシ安息香酸ブチル等のパラベン類、クロロブタノール、フェニルエチルアルコール及びベンジルアルコールなどのアルコール類、デヒドロ酢酸ナトリウム、ソルビン酸及びソルビン酸カリウムなどの有機酸及びその塩類が使用できる。また、その他の添加剤としてヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコール、プロピレングリコール、ジエチレングリコールもしくはポリアクリル酸ナトリウム等の増粘剤、EDTA(エチレンジアミン四酢酸)及びそれらの薬学的に許容される塩、トコフェロール及びその誘導体、亜硫酸ナトリウムなどの安定化剤が挙げられる。
本発明の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物は例えば、次のように製造することができる。MCと、必要に応じてHPMCとPEGを70℃以上の熱水に分散させ、氷冷する。ここに必要に応じてアミノ酸や薬物、添加剤などを添加溶解し良く混合する。pHを調整し、滅菌精製水でメスアップし本発明の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物を調製する。調製した本発明の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物をメンブランフィルターによるろ過滅菌後、ガラス製アンプルに充填する。
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、これらの実施例は本発明の範囲を限定するものではない。
The present invention is a transparent reversible thermogelling aqueous composition containing methylcellulose, low toxicity to eye tissues, aseptic, easy to inject and remove, gelled at body temperature, transparent and fundus Is a reversible heat-gelable aqueous composition containing methylcellulose, which is expected to have a strong tamponade effect. Furthermore, a reversible thermal gel comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, oxyacids and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, amino acids and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and urea. Water-based compositions are also included in the present invention. Moreover, the reversible thermogelable aqueous composition containing a drug is also included in the present invention.
The reversible thermogelled aqueous composition of the present invention comprises methylcellulose, preferably hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, oxyacid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, amino acids and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and urea. It is a reversible thermogelled aqueous composition containing at least one selected from the group consisting of:
The methyl cellulose (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as MC) used in the composition of the present invention has any 2 w / v% aqueous solution having a viscosity at 20 ° C. in the range of 3 to 12000 millipascals · second. MC can be used alone or in combination. The content of methoxyl groups is preferably in the range of 26 to 33% from the viewpoint of solubility in water. Further, MC is distinguished by the viscosity of its aqueous solution. For example, the commercial product varieties have a displayed viscosity of 4, 15, 25, 100, 400, 1500, 8000 (numbers are millipascals of 20 ° C. viscosity of 2 w / v% aqueous solution). Second) and is readily available. Preferably, MC having a displayed viscosity of 4 to 400 is preferable because it is easy to handle when injected into the eye. The outline, standard, application, amount used and product name of MC are described in detail in the Pharmaceutical Additives Dictionary (edited by the Japan Pharmaceutical Additives Association, published by Yakuji Nippo).
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as HPMC) used in the present invention is divided into three types (2208, 2906 and 2910) according to the content of methoxyl group and hydroxypropyl group, and further, For example, commercially available product varieties include those having a displayed viscosity of 4 to 100,000 (numbers are millipascal / second of 20 ° C. viscosity of 2 w / v% aqueous solution), and are readily available. The HPMC used in the present invention preferably has a display viscosity of 10,000 or less from the viewpoint of handling. The outline, standard, application, amount used, and product name of HPMC are described in detail in the Pharmaceutical Additives Dictionary (edited by the Japan Pharmaceutical Additives Association, published by Yakuji Nippo).
Polyethylene glycol used in the present invention (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PEG) is PEG-200, -300, -600, -1000, -1540, -2000, -4000, -6000, -20000, -50000. , −500000, −2000000 and −4000000 under the trade names of Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. and Macrogol −200, −300, −400, −600, −1000, −1540, −4000, −6000, −20000 The product name is sold by Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd. The weight average molecular weight of PEG used in the base of the present invention is preferably 300 to 50000, particularly preferably 1000 to 20000. It is also possible to adjust the weight average molecular weight within the above optimal range by mixing two or more PEGs. The outline, standard, application, usage amount, and product name of PEG are described in detail in the Pharmaceutical Additives Dictionary (edited by the Japan Pharmaceutical Additives Association, published by Yakuji Nippo).
Examples of the oxyacid used in the present invention include citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, and lactic acid. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of oxyacids include sodium salts and potassium salts.
Examples of amino acids used in the present invention include glycine, aspartic acid, histidine, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, alanine, serine, proline, methionine, taurine, threonine, cysteine, aminoacetic acid, valine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, leucine, and isoleucine. It can be illustrated. Examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt include hydrochloride, sulfate, sodium salt, potassium salt and the like. Furthermore, an amino acid infusion that is a commercially available nutritional supplement for intravenous injection can be used.
The composition of the present invention has low toxicity to eye tissue, gels at body temperature, and the light transmittance after gelation is not too low compared to that of water, for example, 70% or more, The concentration range of each component of the composition is not particularly limited, but the group consisting of MC and HPMC, PEG, oxyacid and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, amino acid and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and urea When at least one selected from the above is included, the following concentration ranges are preferable for the following reasons.
The concentration of MC used is preferably 0.2-7 w / v%. If the MC concentration is less than 0.2 w / v%, the composition is difficult to gel at body temperature, and if the MC concentration exceeds 7 w / v%, the gel is difficult to become transparent even if the composition gels at body temperature.
The concentration of HPMC used is preferably 0.5-6 w / v%. When the HPMC concentration is less than 0.5 w / v%, the composition is difficult to gel at body temperature, and when the HPMC concentration exceeds 6 w / v%, the gel is difficult to become transparent even if the composition gels at body temperature.
The concentration of PEG used is usually 0.1 to 13 w / v%. If the concentration of PEG is less than 0.1 w / v%, the composition is difficult to gel at body temperature, and if the concentration of PEG exceeds 13 w / v%, the viscosity of the composition becomes too high and handling becomes difficult.
The use concentration of the oxyacid and / or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is usually 0.01 to 2.0 w / v%, preferably 0.05 to 1.0 w / v%. When the concentration of oxyacid and / or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is less than 0.01 w / v%, the composition is difficult to gel at body temperature, and when it exceeds 2.0 w / v%, the composition gels at body temperature. The gel does not easily become transparent even if it is converted.
The use concentration of the amino acid and / or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is usually 0.01 to 2.0 w / v%, preferably 0.05 to 1.0 w / v%. When the concentration of the amino acid and / or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is less than 0.01 w / v%, the composition is difficult to gel at body temperature, and when it exceeds 2.0 w / v%, the composition gels at body temperature. However, it is difficult for the gel to become transparent.
The use concentration of urea is usually 0.01 to 2.0 w / v%, preferably 0.05 to 1.0 w / v%. If the urea concentration is less than 0.01 w / v%, the composition is difficult to gel at body temperature, and if it exceeds 2.0 w / v%, the gel is difficult to become transparent even if the composition gels at body temperature.
Therefore, 0.2-7 w / v% MC, 0.5-6 w / v% HPMC, 0.1-13 w / v% PEG, and 0.01-2.0 w / v% oxyacid, 0.01- A transparent reversible thermogelling aqueous composition comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of 2.0 w / v% amino acids and 0.01 to 2.0 w / v% urea, and an artificial vitreous using the same This is one of the preferred embodiments of the invention.
The reversible thermogelled aqueous composition of the present invention is liquid at room temperature or below and is desired to gel at the body temperature of mammals, particularly humans, and after exposure to body temperature to obtain a tamponade effect, It is preferable to gel within 2 hours. Further, the transmittance of light after gelation (660 nm) is preferably 70% or more, and more preferably 80% or more, when compared with the transmittance of water.
The reversible thermogelable aqueous composition of the present invention can contain a drug. Examples of such drugs include antifungal agents such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, miconazole nitrate, antibiotics such as sodium colistin methanesulfonate, carbenicillin, gentamicin sulfate, erythromycin, tobramycin, kanamycin, acitazanolast, fumaric acid Antiallergic drugs such as ketotifen, sodium cromoglycate, tranilast, betamethasone phosphate, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, diclofenac sodium, pranoprofen, indomethacin, bromfenac sodium, meloxicam, lornoxicam and other anti-inflammatory agents, flavin adenine dinucleotide, phosphorus Vitamins such as pyridoxal acid, cyanocobalamin, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid, etc. Diabetes drugs such as immunosuppressants, aminoguanidine and epalrestat, amino acids such as sodium chondroitin sulfate and taurine, surgical aids such as sodium hyaluronate, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, lomefloxacin hydrochloride, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, pazufloxacin tosilate, gatifloxacin Examples include synthetic antibacterial agents such as oxacin and moxifloxacin hydrochloride, anti-neoplastic agents such as mitomycin C, 5-fluorouracil, and adriamycin, and antiviral agents such as acyclovir, ganciclovir, cidofovir, soribudine, and trifluorothymidine. it can. The compounding amount of these drugs is not particularly limited as long as the expected medicinal effect is obtained, and usually 0.001 to 5.0 w / v% is appropriate.
The reversible heat-gelable aqueous composition used in the present invention is used not only for artificial vitreous but also for injections, oral preparations, ear drops, nasal drops, eye drops, coatings, etc., taking advantage of its properties. can do.
The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition of the present invention is usually adjusted to pH 4 to 10, particularly preferably pH 6 to 8. In order to adjust the pH of the reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition of the present invention, various pH adjusters that are usually added are used. Examples of the acids include ascorbic acid, hydrochloric acid, gluconic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and citric acid. Examples of the base include potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and the like. Examples of other pH adjusters include amino acids such as glycine, histidine, and epsilon aminocaproic acid.
In preparing the reversible thermogelled aqueous composition of the present invention, pharmaceutically acceptable isotonic agents, solubilizers, preservatives, preservatives, etc. are not impaired as necessary. It can be added to the reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition of the present invention within a range. Isotonic agents include sugars such as xylitol, mannitol, glucose, propylene glycol, glycerin, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and the like. Solubilizers include polysorbate 80, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil and cyclodextrin. Preservatives include inverse soaps such as benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride and chlorhexidine gluconate, parabens such as methyl parahydroxybenzoate, propyl parahydroxybenzoate and butyl parahydroxybenzoate, chlorobutanol, phenylethyl alcohol Alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, organic acids such as sodium dehydroacetate, sorbic acid and potassium sorbate, and salts thereof can be used. Further, as other additives, thickeners such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol or sodium polyacrylate, EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, tocopherol and Examples thereof include stabilizers such as derivatives thereof and sodium sulfite.
The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition of the present invention can be produced, for example, as follows. MC and, if necessary, HPMC and PEG are dispersed in hot water of 70 ° C. or higher and cooled with ice. If necessary, amino acids, drugs, additives, etc. are added and dissolved and mixed well. The pH is adjusted, and the volume is made up with sterilized purified water to prepare the reversible thermogelled aqueous composition of the present invention. The prepared reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition of the present invention is sterilized by filtration through a membrane filter and then filled into a glass ampoule.
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but these examples do not limit the scope of the present invention.

メチルセルロース(信越化学工業(株)製、メトローズ(登録商標)SM−4)およびPEG4000(マクロゴール4000、日本油脂(株)製)を所定量混合し、ここに85℃に加熱した滅菌精製水を添加し、攪拌することで分散させた。均一に分散したことを確認後、攪拌しながら氷冷した。全体が澄明になったことを確認し、クエン酸ナトリウムを所定量徐々に添加し、溶解後均一に混合した。さらに、1NのNaOHもしくは1NのHClでpHを7.8に調整後、滅菌精製水で所定の容量にし、本発明の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物及び比較用可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物を調製した。
試験例1
〔試験方法〕
調製した可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物の熱ゲル化状態、ゲル化後の透過率及びゲルを通して物を見たときの見やすさについて検討した。
本発明もしくは比較用の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物、もしくはリズモンTG(登録商標)の3mLを分光光度計用の縦1cm×横1cmのプラスチック製セルに入れ、10℃で24時間保存後、37℃に保持した水槽で1時間加温した。直ちに、セルを分光光度計に入れ、660nmの光の透過率を測定した。同様な方法で求めた水の透過率と人工硝子体の透過率を比較し、水の透過率に対する人工硝子体の透過率を透過度として求めた。透過率の測定後、セルを傾け、37℃1時間の加熱でゲルが生成したかを観察した。
これとは別に、同じように可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物をセルに入れ、37℃で1時間加温し、ゲル化させた試料を用意した。別に、直径3mmの赤い点がある白色紙を用意した。ゲル化させたセルを2つ重ね、重ねたセル越しに赤い点を見た。この赤い点の見え方を次のスコアにあわせて評価した。
見やすさのスコア: 見えない 0点
わずかに見える 1点
見づらい 2点
わずかにかすむ程度 3点
澄明 4点
ボランティア5名により、それぞれの組成物について見やすさを評価した。5名分のスコアを平均し、これをその組成物の見やすさの評価とした。
試験に供した可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物の熱ゲル化状態、ゲル化後の透過率及び見やすさの評価結果を表1に示した。いずれの組成物も37℃1時間の加熱でゲル化しており、反転させてもゲルがセルから流れ出ることはなかった。
一方、組成物によって透過度に差があり、それに伴って見やすさのスコアに差があった。比較用組成物であるリズモンTG(登録商標)の見やすさは見づらい〜わずかに見える、もしくはわずかに見える〜見えないという結果になり、比較用組成物がゲル化した場合はゲルを通して物を見ることが困難であり、人工硝子体としての使用が困難であることが示された。一方、本発明の組成物の見やすさはわずかにかすむ程度〜見づらい、もしくはわずかにかすむ〜澄明であり、ゲルを通して物を見ることが容易であり透明感が高く、人工硝子体として使用が可能であることが示された。また、表1に示したように、ゲルの透過度と見やすさは比例関係にあり、人工硝子体として使用する場合のゲルの透過度は70%以上必要であることが明らかとなった。

Figure 2004026953
A predetermined amount of methylcellulose (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., Metroles (registered trademark) SM-4) and PEG 4000 (Macrogol 4000, manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.) are mixed, and sterilized purified water heated to 85 ° C. is mixed here. It was added and dispersed by stirring. After confirming uniform dispersion, the mixture was ice-cooled with stirring. After confirming that the whole became clear, a predetermined amount of sodium citrate was gradually added, and after dissolution, it was mixed uniformly. Furthermore, after adjusting the pH to 7.8 with 1N NaOH or 1N HCl, the volume is adjusted to a predetermined volume with sterilized purified water, and the reversible thermogelable aqueous composition of the present invention and the reversible thermogelable aqueous composition for comparison are used. Was prepared.
Test example 1
〔Test method〕
The prepared reversible heat-gelable aqueous composition was examined for the heat-gelation state, the transmittance after gelation, and the visibility when the object was seen through the gel.
3 mL of the reversible thermogelling aqueous composition of the present invention or comparative or Lismon TG (registered trademark) is placed in a plastic cell measuring 1 cm in length and 1 cm in width for a spectrophotometer, and stored at 10 ° C. for 24 hours. Heated for 1 hour in a water bath maintained at 37 ° C. Immediately, the cell was placed in a spectrophotometer and the transmittance of light at 660 nm was measured. The transmittance of water obtained by the same method was compared with the transmittance of the artificial vitreous body, and the transmittance of the artificial vitreous body relative to the transmittance of water was obtained as the permeability. After measuring the transmittance, the cell was tilted, and it was observed whether a gel was formed by heating at 37 ° C. for 1 hour.
Separately, a reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition was similarly placed in a cell and heated at 37 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a gelled sample. Separately, white paper with a red dot having a diameter of 3 mm was prepared. Two gelled cells were stacked, and a red dot was seen through the stacked cells. The appearance of this red dot was evaluated according to the following score.
Visibility score: Invisible 0 points
1 point that looks slightly
2 points that are difficult to see
Slightly hazy 3 points
Clearness 4 points Ease of viewing was evaluated for each composition by 5 volunteers. The scores for five persons were averaged, and this was regarded as an evaluation of the visibility of the composition.
Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the thermal gelation state, the transmittance after gelation, and the visibility of the reversible thermogelled aqueous composition subjected to the test. All the compositions were gelated by heating at 37 ° C. for 1 hour, and the gel did not flow out of the cell even when inverted.
On the other hand, there was a difference in transmittance depending on the composition, and accordingly, there was a difference in the score of visibility. Lismon TG (registered trademark), which is a comparative composition, is difficult to see-slightly visible or slightly visible-invisible, and if the comparative composition gels, see the object through the gel It was difficult to use as an artificial vitreous. On the other hand, the composition of the present invention is slightly hazy to be slightly difficult to see, or slightly hazy to clear, easy to see through the gel, has a high transparency, and can be used as an artificial vitreous. It was shown that there is. Further, as shown in Table 1, it has been clarified that the gel permeability and the visibility are in a proportional relationship, and the gel permeability when used as an artificial vitreous body needs to be 70% or more.
Figure 2004026953

SM−4、HPMC(信越化学工業(株)製、TC−5RW)およびPEG4000を所定量混合し、ここに85℃に加熱した滅菌精製水を添加し、攪拌することで分散させた。均一に分散したことを確認後、攪拌しながら氷冷した。全体が澄明になったことを確認し、オキシ酸、アミノ酸もしくは尿素を所定量徐々に添加し、均一に混合もしくは溶解した。さらに、1NのNaOHもしくは1NのHClで所定のpHに調整後、液全体が澄明であることを確認した。これを滅菌精製水で所定の容量にし、本発明の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物を調製した。これを、試験例1と同様に、セルに入れ、同条件でゲル化させ、ゲル化状態、透過度を評価した。結果を表2に示した。調製したいずれの組成物も37℃1時間の加温でゲル化し、透過度も70%以上であり、人工硝子体として使用可能であることが示された。

Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
A predetermined amount of SM-4, HPMC (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., TC-5RW) and PEG 4000 were mixed, and sterilized purified water heated to 85 ° C. was added thereto and dispersed by stirring. After confirming uniform dispersion, the mixture was ice-cooled with stirring. After confirming that the whole was clear, oxyacid, amino acid or urea was gradually added and mixed or dissolved uniformly. Further, after adjusting to a predetermined pH with 1N NaOH or 1N HCl, it was confirmed that the whole liquid was clear. This was made into a predetermined volume with sterilized purified water, and the reversible thermogelled aqueous composition of the present invention was prepared. This was put into a cell and gelled under the same conditions as in Test Example 1, and the gelled state and permeability were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2. Any of the prepared compositions gelled by heating at 37 ° C. for 1 hour, and the permeability was 70% or more, indicating that it can be used as an artificial vitreous body.
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953

SM−4、HPMC(信越化学工業(株)製、TC−5RW)およびPEG4000を所定量混合し、ここに85℃に加熱した滅菌精製水を添加し、攪拌することで分散させた。均一に分散したことを確認後、攪拌しながら氷冷した。全体が澄明になったことを確認し、グリシン及び、オフロキサシンもしくはジクロフェナクナトリウムを所定量徐々に添加し、均一に混合した。さらに、1NのNaOHもしくは1NのHClで所定のpHに調整後、液全体が澄明であることを確認した。これを滅菌精製水で所定の容量にし、本発明の薬物を含む可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物を調製した。これを、試験例1と同様に、セルに入れ、同条件でゲル化させ、ゲル化状態、透過度を評価した。結果を表3に示した。調製したいずれの組成物も37℃1時間の加温でゲル化し、透過度も70%以上であり、人工硝子体として使用可能であることが示された。

Figure 2004026953
A predetermined amount of SM-4, HPMC (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., TC-5RW) and PEG 4000 were mixed, and sterilized purified water heated to 85 ° C. was added thereto and dispersed by stirring. After confirming uniform dispersion, the mixture was ice-cooled with stirring. After confirming that the whole was clear, glycine and ofloxacin or diclofenac sodium were gradually added and mixed uniformly. Further, after adjusting to a predetermined pH with 1N NaOH or 1N HCl, it was confirmed that the whole liquid was clear. This was made into a predetermined volume with sterilized purified water, and a reversible thermogelled aqueous composition containing the drug of the present invention was prepared. This was put into a cell and gelled under the same conditions as in Test Example 1, and the gelled state and permeability were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3. Any of the prepared compositions gelled by heating at 37 ° C. for 1 hour, and the permeability was 70% or more, indicating that it can be used as an artificial vitreous body.
Figure 2004026953

SM−4およびPEG4000を所定量混合し、ここに85℃に加熱した滅菌精製水を添加し、攪拌することで分散させた。均一に分散したことを確認後、攪拌しながら氷冷した。全体が澄明になったことを確認し、グリシンもしくはセリン、及びNaClを所定量徐々に添加し、溶解した。さらに、1NのNaOHで所定のpHに調整後、液全体が澄明であることを確認した。これを滅菌精製水で所定の容量にし、本発明の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物を調製した。これを、試験例1と同様に、セルに入れ、同条件でゲル化させ、ゲル化状態、透過度を評価した。結果を表4に示した。調製したいずれの組成物も37℃1時間の加温でゲル化し、透過度も70%以上であり、人工硝子体として使用可能であることが示された。

Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
試験例2
本発明の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物の家兎眼への注入試験
〔試験方法〕
白色家兎に硝子体手術を施行し、液−空気置換後、実施例4で調製した処方30を約2mL、硝子体腔内に注入した。術翌日から1ヶ月まで細隙灯顕微鏡、倒像眼底鏡にて経過観察を行い、眼圧及び網膜電位図を経時的に測定した。その結果、全過程を通じ、角膜混濁や角膜浮腫、前房のフィブリン析出、水晶体混濁、硝子体混濁、眼圧上昇は見られなかった。また、網膜電位図は僚眼と比較し、振幅の強弱、潜時の延長は見られなかった。
本発明の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物は体温によりゲル化を生じた後も眼底の透明性に優れ、眼組織に対する侵襲も見られないため、優れた人工硝子体であることが明らかとなった。
試験例3
薬物を含有した本発明の人工硝子体からの薬物放出試験
〔試験方法〕
以下に記載した薬物を所定量、実施例4で調製した本発明の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物(処方No.28)100mLに溶解もしくは懸濁させた。これの5mLを、内径14.5mmのガラス製円柱管に入れ、50℃で15分間加熱し、ゲル化させた。加熱後直ちに、これとは別にPBS25mLを入れた内径26mmのガラス製円柱管に、ゲル化した本発明の人工硝子体が入ったガラス管を入れ、ふたをし、40℃で保持した。
経時的にPBSをサンプリングし、本発明の人工硝子体からPBS中に放出された薬物濃度を測定した。薬物濃度は全て、HPLC法を用いて求めた。
本発明の人工硝子体に添加した薬物量から100%放出濃度を求め、これとPBS中の薬物濃度を比較し、PBS中に放出された薬物の放出率を以下の式より求めた。
放出率(%)= PBS中の薬物濃度×100/100%放出濃度
使用した薬物:
ジクロフェナクナトリウム(DFNa) 100%放出濃度 10μg/mL
リン酸ベタメタゾンナトリウム(BSP) 100%放出濃度 100μg/mL
レボフロキサシン(LVFX) 100%放出濃度 16μg/mL
シクロスポリンA(CyA) 100%放出濃度 167μg/mL
タクロリムス 100%放出濃度 16μg/mL
放出試験の結果を表5〜9に示した。薬物により放出速度に違いはあるが、いずれの場合でもゲルから薬物が放出されるまで、4〜60日以上必要とした。これは、本発明の人工硝子体からの薬物放出はゆっくりとしており、徐放性製剤として優れていることを示している。
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
A predetermined amount of SM-4 and PEG 4000 were mixed, and sterilized purified water heated to 85 ° C. was added thereto and dispersed by stirring. After confirming uniform dispersion, the mixture was ice-cooled with stirring. After confirming that the whole became clear, glycine or serine and NaCl were gradually added and dissolved. Furthermore, after adjusting to predetermined pH with 1N NaOH, it confirmed that the whole liquid was clear. This was made into a predetermined volume with sterilized purified water, and the reversible thermogelled aqueous composition of the present invention was prepared. This was put into a cell and gelled under the same conditions as in Test Example 1, and the gelled state and permeability were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4. Any of the prepared compositions gelled by heating at 37 ° C. for 1 hour, and the permeability was 70% or more, indicating that it can be used as an artificial vitreous body.
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
Test example 2
Injection test of the reversible thermogelled aqueous composition of the present invention into rabbit eyes [Test method]
Vitreous surgery was performed on white rabbits, and after liquid-air replacement, approximately 2 mL of the formulation 30 prepared in Example 4 was injected into the vitreous cavity. From the day after the operation until one month, follow-up was performed with a slit lamp microscope and an inverted fundus endoscope, and intraocular pressure and electroretinogram were measured over time. As a result, corneal opacity, corneal edema, fibrin deposition in the anterior chamber, lens opacity, vitreous opacity, and increased intraocular pressure were not observed throughout the entire process. In addition, the electroretinogram showed no amplitude fluctuation and no increase in latency compared to the fellow eyes.
The reversible heat-gelable aqueous composition of the present invention has excellent transparency of the fundus even after gelation has occurred due to body temperature, and does not show any invasion to ocular tissues. It was.
Test example 3
Drug release test from the artificial vitreous of the present invention containing a drug [Test method]
A predetermined amount of the drug described below was dissolved or suspended in 100 mL of the reversible thermogelled aqueous composition of the present invention (formulation No. 28) prepared in Example 4. 5 mL of this was put into a glass cylindrical tube having an inner diameter of 14.5 mm and heated at 50 ° C. for 15 minutes to cause gelation. Immediately after the heating, a glass tube containing the gelated artificial vitreous body of the present invention was placed in a glass cylindrical tube having an inner diameter of 26 mm separately containing 25 mL of PBS, and the lid was covered and kept at 40 ° C.
PBS was sampled over time, and the concentration of drug released into the PBS from the artificial vitreous of the present invention was measured. All drug concentrations were determined using the HPLC method.
The 100% release concentration was determined from the amount of drug added to the artificial vitreous of the present invention, this was compared with the drug concentration in PBS, and the release rate of the drug released in PBS was determined from the following equation.
Release rate (%) = drug concentration in PBS × 100/100% release concentration Drug used:
Diclofenac sodium (DFNa) 100% release concentration 10 μg / mL
Betamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP) 100% release concentration 100 μg / mL
Levofloxacin (LVFX) 100% release concentration 16 μg / mL
Cyclosporine A (CyA) 100% release concentration 167 μg / mL
Tacrolimus 100% release concentration 16μg / mL
The results of the release test are shown in Tables 5-9. Although the release rate differs depending on the drug, it took 4 to 60 days or more for the drug to be released from the gel in any case. This indicates that the drug release from the artificial vitreous of the present invention is slow and excellent as a sustained-release preparation.
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953
Figure 2004026953

3.0gのSM−4および3.0gのPEG4000を混合し、ここに85℃に加熱した滅菌精製水を添加し、攪拌することで分散させた。均一に分散したことを確認後、攪拌しながら氷冷した。全体が澄明になったことを確認し、0.1gのレボフロキサシン(LVFX)、0.8gのグリシン及び0.5gのNaClを徐々に添加し、溶解した。さらに、0.1NのNaOHで所定のpHに調整後、液全体が澄明であることを確認した。これを滅菌精製水で所定の容量にし、本発明のLVFX含有可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物(LVFX−WTG)を調製した。
これとは別に、オキシグルタチオン眼灌流・洗浄液(BSS PLUS(登録商標)、参天製薬株式会社)にLVFXを5.0mg/mLになるように溶解した。これをLVFX比較溶液とした。
試験例4
<LVFX−WTG又はLVFX溶液の家兎硝子体及び房水中の滞留性試験>
日本白色種家兎(雄性、体重2.5〜3.0kg)に、実施例5で調製したLVFX−WTG又はLFVX比較溶液を硝子体腔内に注入し、術後3日目の硝子体及び前房水中のLVFX濃度を測定した。
LVFX−WTGは次のように注入した。白色家兎の片眼に硝子体切除術を施行した。まず、全身麻酔を施した後、散瞳剤を点眼することにより充分に散瞳した。結膜剥離後、強膜創を2ヶ所作成し、片方にinfusion tubeを縫着し、オキシグルタチオン眼灌流・洗浄液(BSS PLUS(登録商標)、参天製薬株式会社)を灌流した。もう一方より、硝子体カッターを挿入しcore vitrectomyを施行、硝子体を充分切除した後同じ強膜創から注射針でLVFX−WTGを0.5mL(LVFX含有量500μg)を注入し、2つの強膜創を縫合し終了した。対照眼は無処置とした。
LVFX比較溶液は次のように注入した。白色家兎の片眼に点眼麻酔を施し、角膜輪部より注射針を刺入して前房水約0.2mLを吸引採取した後、注射針を球結膜上から直接硝子体内中央まで刺入して、比較溶液0.1mL(LVFX含有量500μg)を一度に(one shot)注入した。対照眼は無処置とした。
硝子体中のLVFX濃度は次のように求めた。採取した硝子体をホモジナイズした後、有機溶媒を用いてLVFXを抽出し、HPLCによる測定を行った。
前房水中のLVFX濃度は、前房水をフィルター濾過した後、濾過液をHPLCで分析することにより求めた。
得られた硝子体中及び前房水中のLVFX濃度を表10に示した。表10の結果より、LVFX−WTG注入後3日目の硝子体及び前房水中LVFX濃度は、LVFX比較溶液に対してそれぞれ4.1、7.3倍高濃度であり、前房水においては有意に高い値を示した。これらの結果より、薬物を含む人工硝子体は徐放性製剤として優れていることが示された。

Figure 2004026953
3.0 g of SM-4 and 3.0 g of PEG 4000 were mixed, and sterilized purified water heated to 85 ° C. was added thereto and dispersed by stirring. After confirming uniform dispersion, the mixture was ice-cooled with stirring. After confirming that the whole was clear, 0.1 g of levofloxacin (LVFX), 0.8 g of glycine and 0.5 g of NaCl were gradually added and dissolved. Furthermore, after adjusting to predetermined pH with 0.1N NaOH, it confirmed that the whole liquid was clear. This was made into a predetermined volume with sterilized purified water to prepare an LVFX-containing reversible thermogelled aqueous composition (LVFX-WTG) of the present invention.
Separately, LVFX was dissolved to 5.0 mg / mL in oxyglutathione eye perfusion / cleaning solution (BSS PLUS (registered trademark), Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.). This was used as an LVFX comparison solution.
Test example 4
<Residence test of LVFX-WTG or LVFX solution in rabbit vitreous and aqueous humor>
Japanese white rabbits (male, body weight 2.5-3.0 kg) were injected with the LVFX-WTG or LFVX comparison solution prepared in Example 5 into the vitreous cavity. The LVFX concentration in the aqueous humor was measured.
LVFX-WTG was injected as follows. A vitrectomy was performed on one eye of a white rabbit. First, after general anesthesia, the patient was fully dilated by instilling a mydriatic. After detachment of the conjunctiva, two scleral wounds were created, an infusion tube was sewn on one side, and an oxyglutathione eye perfusion / cleaning solution (BSS PLUS (registered trademark), Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was perfused. From the other side, a vitreous cutter was inserted and core vitrectomy was performed. After the vitreous body was excised sufficiently, 0.5 mL of LVFX-WTG (LVFX content 500 μg) was injected from the same scleral wound with an injection needle. The membrane wound was sutured and finished. Control eyes were untreated.
The LVFX comparison solution was injected as follows. Apply eye anesthesia to one eye of a white rabbit, insert an injection needle through the corneal limbus, and aspirate about 0.2 mL of the anterior aqueous humor, then insert the injection needle directly over the conjunctiva into the center of the vitreous body Then, 0.1 mL of the comparison solution (LVFX content: 500 μg) was injected at a time (one shot). Control eyes were untreated.
The LVFX concentration in the vitreous body was determined as follows. After the collected vitreous body was homogenized, LVFX was extracted using an organic solvent and measured by HPLC.
The LVFX concentration in the anterior aqueous humor was determined by filtering the anterior aqueous humor and then analyzing the filtrate with HPLC.
Table 10 shows the LVFX concentrations in the vitreous and anterior aqueous humor obtained. From the results of Table 10, the LVFX concentrations in the vitreous and anterior chamber water on the third day after LVFX-WTG injection are 4.1 and 7.3 times higher than the LVFX comparison solution, respectively. The value was significantly higher. From these results, it was shown that the artificial vitreous containing the drug is excellent as a sustained-release preparation.
Figure 2004026953

本発明の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物は、上述の構成よりなるので、眼組織に対して低毒性で、無菌であり、注入や抜去が容易であり、体温でゲル化し、透明で眼底の観察が容易であり、強いタンポナーデ効果が期待される理想的な人工硝子体を提供することができる。  The reversible heat-gelable aqueous composition of the present invention has the above-described constitution, and thus has low toxicity to eye tissues, is sterile, is easy to inject and remove, gels at body temperature, is transparent and has a fundus An ideal artificial vitreous body that can be easily observed and expected to have a strong tamponade effect can be provided.

Claims (15)

メチルセルロースを含有する透明な可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。A transparent reversible thermogelling aqueous composition containing methylcellulose. 体温でゲル化し、且つ、ゲル化した後の光の透過率が水の透過率の70%以上である請求項1に記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to claim 1, which gels at body temperature and has a light transmittance of 70% or more of water after gelation. 体温でゲル化し、且つ、ゲル化した後の光の透過率が水の透過率の80%以上である請求項1に記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to claim 1, which gels at body temperature and has a light transmittance of 80% or more of water after gelation. さらに、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ポリエチレングリコール、オキシ酸及びその薬学的に許容される塩、アミノ酸及びその薬学的に許容される塩、及び尿素からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種を含む請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。Furthermore, it contains at least one selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, oxyacid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, amino acids and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and urea. 4. The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to any one of 3 above. オキシ酸及びその薬学的に許容される塩が、クエン酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸、乳酸、及びこれらの薬学的に許容される塩である請求項4に記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to claim 4, wherein the oxyacid and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. アミノ酸及びその薬学的に許容される塩が、グリシン、アスパラギン酸、ヒスチジン、グルタミン酸、リジン、アルギニン、アラニン、セリン、プロリン、メチオニン、タウリン、トレオニン、システイン、アミノ酢酸、バリン、トリプトファン、フェニルアラニン、ロイシン、イソロイシン、及びこれらの薬学的に許容される塩である請求項4に記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。Amino acids and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are glycine, aspartic acid, histidine, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, alanine, serine, proline, methionine, taurine, threonine, cysteine, aminoacetic acid, valine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, leucine, The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to claim 4, which is isoleucine and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. さらに薬物を含む請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a drug. メチルセルロースの濃度が0.2〜7w/v%である請求項1〜7のいずれか1項記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the concentration of methylcellulose is 0.2 to 7 w / v%. ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースを含み、その濃度が0.5〜6w/v%である請求項4〜8のいずれか1項記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to any one of claims 4 to 8, comprising hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and having a concentration of 0.5 to 6 w / v%. ポリエチレングリコールを含み、その濃度が0.1〜13w/v%である請求項4〜8のいずれか1項記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to any one of claims 4 to 8, comprising polyethylene glycol and having a concentration of 0.1 to 13 w / v%. オキシ酸又はその薬学的に許容される塩を含み、その濃度が0.01〜2.0w/v%である請求項4〜8のいずれか1項記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to any one of claims 4 to 8, comprising an oxyacid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and having a concentration of 0.01 to 2.0 w / v%. アミノ酸又はその薬学的に許容される塩を含み、その濃度が0.01〜2.0w/v%である請求項4〜8のいずれか1項記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to any one of claims 4 to 8, comprising an amino acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and having a concentration of 0.01 to 2.0 w / v%. 尿素を含み、その濃度が0.01〜2.0w/v%である請求項4〜8のいずれか1項記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。The reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition according to any one of claims 4 to 8, which contains urea and has a concentration of 0.01 to 2.0 w / v%. (1)メチルセルロース0.2〜7w/v%、(2)ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース0.5〜6w/v%、(3)ポリエチレングリコール0.1〜13w/v%、及び(4)オキシ酸又はその薬学的に許容される塩0.01〜2.0w/v%、アミノ酸又はその薬学的に許容される塩0.01〜2.0w/v%及び尿素0.01〜2.0w/v%からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種、を含む可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物。(1) methylcellulose 0.2-7 w / v%, (2) hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 0.5-6 w / v%, (3) polyethylene glycol 0.1-13 w / v%, and (4) oxyacid or its Pharmaceutically acceptable salt 0.01-2.0 w / v%, amino acid or pharmaceutically acceptable salt 0.01-2.0 w / v% and urea 0.01-2.0 w / v% A reversibly heat-gelable aqueous composition comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of: 請求項1〜14のいずれか1項記載の可逆性熱ゲル化水性組成物を用いた人工硝子体。An artificial vitreous body using the reversible thermogelled aqueous composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14.
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