JPS6459B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS6459B2
JPS6459B2 JP57500767A JP50076782A JPS6459B2 JP S6459 B2 JPS6459 B2 JP S6459B2 JP 57500767 A JP57500767 A JP 57500767A JP 50076782 A JP50076782 A JP 50076782A JP S6459 B2 JPS6459 B2 JP S6459B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
working electrode
electrode
surgeon
current
tube
Prior art date
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Expired
Application number
JP57500767A
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English (en)
Other versions
JPS58500104A (ja
Inventor
Uiriamu Esu Uorukaa
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of JPS58500104A publication Critical patent/JPS58500104A/ja
Publication of JPS6459B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6459B2/ja
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1402Probes for open surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00005Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe
    • A61B2018/00011Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe with fluids
    • A61B2018/00017Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe with fluids with gas
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/0091Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device
    • A61B2018/00916Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device with means for switching or controlling the main function of the instrument or device
    • A61B2018/00922Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device with means for switching or controlling the main function of the instrument or device by switching or controlling the treatment energy directly within the hand-piece
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2218/00Details of surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2218/001Details of surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body having means for irrigation and/or aspiration of substances to and/or from the surgical site
    • A61B2218/007Aspiration
    • A61B2218/008Aspiration for smoke evacuation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/02Gases

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Description

請求の範囲 1 内部で長さ方向に延びる流体コンジツトを形
成している中空の長い管と、作用電極と、上記の
管内に取りつけられ、そして作用電極を保持する
電気絶縁材料の突起部片と、作用電極に接続され
ている導線と光伝達ケーブルとを備え、上記の管
はそれの長さに沿つて延びる取りつけ溝を有し、
上記の突起部片の周縁には少なくとも一つの溝を
設けこの溝は上記の液体コンジツトと流体連通し
て作用電極を通る流体の流れを案内するダクトを
形成し、上記の光伝達ケーブルは、作用電極の周
りを照明するため光放出端を作用電極に隣接して
上記の取りつけ溝に滑動するよう取りつけられて
いることを特徴とする電気手術用器具。
2 作用電極への電流の供給を制御するため作用
電極に接続されている導線に接続して、管にスイ
ツチを配置した請求項1に記載の電気手術用器
具。
技術分野 本発明は外科用器具に係り、特に、電気手術に
用いられる器具に係る。
発明の背景 電気手術は19世紀の終りから行われており、こ
れは高周波電流を用いて作用電極で組織を切除し
たり凝固させたりするものである。外科医が作用
電極を患者の人体組織に接触させるか又は人体組
織に近づける間には戻り電流用電極が患者に接触
して配置される。高周波電流は組織に熱を発生
し、ジアテルミー、この熱によつて組織が切除さ
れたり、乾燥即ち凝固が行われて細長い細胞が脱
水によつて縮むようにされたりする。使用される
電流を調整することにより、サイフのように組織
を切除することもできるし、組織の切除を伴つた
り伴わなかつたりして組織を凝固させて止血を行
うこもできる。
使用に際し、戻り電流用の大きな電極は患者の
人体に接触して配置され、電気手術用電源に接続
される。この電源は10000Hz以上の高周波電流を
発生するが、好ましい周波数は0.5−5MHzであ
る。組織を正確に切除するには減衰しない連続的
な正弦波が最も良いが、凝固を行うには一連の減
衰する正弦波が最も良いことが分つている。止血
しながら切除を行うには、通常、これらの波形を
組合わせて用いることにより切除が行われる。
小さな作用電極を人体組織に接触させるか又は
これに近づけた時には、電極先端の電流が小さな
領域に集中されて、電流密度が大きなものとな
り、これは組織の局部的な電気抵抗と相互作用し
て、切除又は凝固に必要な作用を与える。電流に
対する抵抗により、電気エネルギが吸収されて熱
エネルギに変換され、熱が発生される。作用電極
の周りの領域が発熱して切除作用を与える正確な
機構は現在のところ充分に分つておらず、これら
の現象をうまく説明するための研究が現在行なわ
れている。
電極先端では電流密度及び抵抗値が最大であ
り、蒸発及び熱分解に充分な熱が組織に発生され
る。人体を通して電流が広がるにつれて、電流は
非常大きな表面積に対して通流され、実効抵抗値
及び電流密度が低下して、著しい発熱は生じなく
なる。電流は、患者プレート又は電流発散電極と
も称する戻り電流用電極を介して電気手術ユニツ
トへ戻る経路をたどる。この戻り電流用電極は常
に大きな表面積を有するものであり、そして電流
密度及び抵抗値を小さく保つように電極ペースト
が塗られており、これにより、電流が人体から流
れ去る時に患者に対して電極の或る領域が局部的
に発熱したり焼けたりすることが防止される。
肝臓や筋肉のような血管の集中した組織を手術
する時には電気手術が特に有用である。電気手術
の幾つかの特殊な使い方が確保されていて、前立
線の経尿道的切除法や或る頭蓋内切除法のように
標準的な技術となつている。然し乍ら、電気手術
によつて発生される熱は相当の煙を発し、これは
外科医の気を散らすと共に、彼が行なつている操
作を見にくくする。従つて、この不所望な煙を吹
き飛ばすか又は吸い取るために助手が必要とな
る。助手の助けにより、手術中の外科医はよく見
えるようにはなるが、今度は煙を除去することが
必要であるか光を当てることが必要であるかとい
うことで外科医の気が散つて、集中力が失なわれ
ることになる。
そこで、煙を除去すると共に局部的な光源の機
能も果たすことによつて手術中の外科医の見易さ
を改善するような電気手術用器具を提供すること
が要望される。又、このような器具は外科医の気
を散らすことがなくコンパクトで使い易いことも
要望される。
発明の概要 本発明は、作用電極を経て流体流を案内するよ
うにダクトが配置されると共に光伝達ケーブルを
保持するような電気手術用器具を提供する。この
器具は、好ましい実施例においては、廃棄式であ
り、この器具は吸引又は加圧式の殺菌空気系統に
接続できる流体コンジツトを形成する中空取手を
備えている。この取手は電気リードの取り付け部
も果たし、リードの1端は作用電極に接続されそ
してその他端は電気手術用電源へ接続することが
できる。又、取手は光伝達ケーブルの取付部も果
たす。
外科医が組織を切除するか又は凝固する時に
は、煙が発生して、外科医の気を散らすと共に、
彼が彼自身の操作を見る妨げとなる。この器具の
ダクトに正圧力を導入して煙を吹き飛ばすか、又
はダクトを負圧力にして取手から真空装置へと煙
を吹い込ませることにより、煙が除去される。ダ
クトは作用電極に接近して器具の取手に取り付け
られるので、この煙除去系は効果的であり、助手
を必要とすることもないし外科医がこれに注意を
向ける必要もない。
別の好ましい実施例においては、取手が細長い
管及び個別の突起部片を備えている。作用電極は
突起部片に取り付けられ、複数のダクトによつて
取り巻かれる。これらのダクトは、その特定形式
の作用電極を経て空気流を案内するような形状を
有している。従つて、ブレード電極を保持する突
起部片には或る形状のダクトが設けられるが、例
えば或る角度に曲げられた直腸用ボール型電極を
保持する別の突起部片には必要に応じてダクトを
別の構成にすることができる。これらの突起部片
は、取手には拘りなく、互換性があり且つ廃棄式
であるように形成できる。
更に別の好ましい実施例においては、オプチカ
ルフアイバ装置の光伝達ケーブルをスライド式に
受け入れられるように、取手には、その外面に沿
つて長手方向に延びる取り付け溝が設けられる。
この光伝達ケーブルは、作用電極の周囲領域に最
も良く光を当てて切開場所を見易くするように、
外科医によつて調整することができる。従つて、
本発明の器具は、外科医の視野からじやまな煙を
除去するだけではなく、局部的な光源の機能を果
たすことによつて見易さも改善する。
本発明の多数の他の効果及び特徴は、本発明の
以下の詳細な説明、添付図面及び請求の範囲から
容易に明らかとなろう。
【図面の簡単な説明】
第1図は作用電極、光伝達ケーブル、流体及び
電気接続部を有する電気手術用器具の斜視図、 第2図は電気手術用器具の近位端の部分斜視図
であり、光伝達ケーブルとしてのオプチカルフア
イバケーブル、並びに流体及び電気接続部の取り
付け状態を示す図、 第3図は電気手術用器具の実施例の拡大断面図
であり、内部流体コンジツト及び突起部片を示す
図、 第4図は突起部片及び取手本体の特徴を示すた
めの分解断面図、 第5図は第4図の5−5線に沿つた突起部片の
拡大断面図、 第6図は第5図と同様の拡大断面図であるが、
別の突起部片構造を示す図、 第7図は本発明の別の実施例の断面図であり、
取手の側面を貫通して出る電気リードのセンタリ
ング手段及び別の作用電極を示す図、 第8図は第7図の実施例の側面図であり、取手
に取り付けられたスイツチ手段、器具を電源に接
続するプラグ及びレセプタタルを示した図、そし
て 第9図は第7図の9−9線に沿つた拡大断面図
である。
好ましい実施例の説明 本発明は多数の色々な形態で実施できるが、本
発明の好ましい実施例が添付図面に示されてお
り、これについて以下に詳細に説明する。然し乍
ら、本開示は本発明の原理の一例であり、本発明
をこの実施例に限定するものではないことを理解
されたい。
ここに述べる部品の正確な形状及び寸法は特に
指示のない限りは本発明にとつて重要ではない。
説明を容易にするため、本発明の器具は通常の手
術位置において説明する。材質の選択は、特定の
使用目的及び当業者に明らかな他の変数に基づい
て行なわれる。
さて第1図及び第2図を説明すれば、電気手術
用器具10は、取手11と、電気リード14に接
続されたブレード電型12のような作用電極と、
光伝達ケーブル16とを備えている。作用電極は
通常は金属の導体であり、所望の形状及び寸法を
もつことができる。作用電極は絶縁取手11を貫
通する電気リード14によつて電源(図示せず)
に接続される。一般に鈍い面をもつ作用電極は、
外科医が手術を施そうとする患者の領域へ高周波
電流を向けるのに用いられる。
取手11は中空の細長い本体即ち管17より成
り、これは近位端18及び遠位端19と、管に取
り付られた突起部片21と、ホース取付部22と
を有している。又、取手11には、これを握く易
くするためのギザギザ部20を設けることもでき
る。管17は流体コンジツト25を形成する内面
24(第3図及び第4図)を有していると共に、
遠位端19に管空胴27を有し、その壁面29は
安位部28を形成する。外科医と電極との間に絶
縁がとられる限りは、突起部片21又は管17の
いずれか一方或いはその両方を非導電性物質で作
ることができる。
突起部片21には、作用電極12を受け入れる
ためのソケツト31が設けられており、そして突
起部片21はその周囲に1つ以上の溝32を有し
ている。突起部片の溝32は管の安住部28とで
もつてダクト33を形成し、このダクト33は流
体空胴25と流体連通状態にあり、そしてこの空
胴25は次いでホース取付部22と流体連通状態
にある。ダクト33は、作用電極12を通り越し
て空気のような流体流を案内し、電気手術用器具
の使用により発生される煙を除去ないしは散らす
ように配置されている。或いは又、第6図に示さ
れたように、電極受け入れ用のソケツト131を
中心に有する突起部片117の長さに沿つて貫通
流路36又はこれと同様の孔を形成することによ
り突起部片にダクトを設けることもできる。
ホース取付部22は殺菌加圧空気源又は真空源
のいずれかに接続できる。加圧空気源に接続した
場合は、空気がホース取付部22を通しそして流
体コンジツト25を下流へと向い、このコンジツ
ト25はマニホルドとして働いて空気流を流路3
6又はダクト33に通すように分配しそして作用
電極12を通り越して空気流を送出させる。真空
モードの場合は、ホース取付部22が真空装置に
接続され、作用電極の周りに発生した煙は空気流
により流路36又はダクト33を通り流体コンジ
ツト25を通つて真空ポンプへと案内される。従
つて、いずれの場合にも、煙は除去もしくは散ら
され、外科医の気が散らないようにすると共に見
易くする。
突起部片21は管17と一体にすることがで
き、この場合、電極12は電気リード14に取り
付けられたコネクタ手段34の雌ソケツト30と
上記ソケツト31とに取り外し可能に受け入れら
れる。流体コンジツト25は、電気リード14を
通す通路として働くこともできる。
管17には、オプチカルフアイバ装置の光伝達
ケーブル16をスライド式に受け入れるレセプタ
クル手段即ち取り付け溝35が設けられるのが好
ましい。この溝35(第4図)は作用電極の周囲
領域に光を当てるように作用電極付近にケーブル
16に光放射端15を保持する。
作用電極は色々な形状及び寸法ものがあるの
で、突起部片のダクトは作用電極の周りに流体流
を適切に案内することが所望される。これが第7
図、第8図及び第9図の別の実施例に示されてい
る。この特定の実施例においては、或る角度をも
つ直腸用ボール型電極112として示された作用
電極が突起部片121に保持され、溝132は電
極112を通り越して流体流を案内するダクト1
33を形成するように変更されている。この作用
電極は、必要に応じて突起部片内に永久的に固定
することもできるし、取り外し可能に保持するこ
ともできる。光伝達ケーブル116は、光放射端
115が伝達光をボール型電極112の周囲領域
へ向けるように光放射端115を作用電極に向け
て或る角度に曲げることによつて変更されてい
る。
突起部片121を取り外した時にコネクタ手段
134を位置保持するためにリードのセンタリン
グ手段140が管117内に取り付けられてい
る。第9図に最も良く示されたように、リードの
センタリング手段140は中心孔139が設けら
れた十字状の部材であり、上記の中心孔139
は、空胴127内の中心に置かれて空胴の壁面1
29から離間されたコネクタ手段134を受け入
れて保持する。電極112は、管117に変換可
能に取り付けられた突起部片121内に固定され
る。電極を交換するには、外科医が或る突起部片
−電極組合せ体を取り外し、別の組合せ体と取り
替える。代りの組合せ体を挿入すると、電極はコ
ネクタ手段134の雌ソケツト130に接続され
る。これにより、作用電極及び突起部片の交換容
易性が与えられる。
第7図及び第8図に示されたように、電気リー
ド114は管117の側面を貫通して出ていて、
作用電極112へ向う電流を制御するスイツチ手
段141がこれに組合わされている。このスイツ
チ手段は、電流を制御するスライドスイツチ又は
断続プツシユボタンである。これにより、外科医
は組織の切除を必要とするか凝固を必要とするか
に基づいて、使用する電流波形の形式を調整する
ことができる。スイツチ手段141にはレセプタ
クル142が取り付けられており、これは電源へ
通じるワイヤ144に接続された電気プラグ14
3を受け入れる。
使用に際し、外科医へ手術用小刀の場合と同様
に器具10をもつ。作用電極12を組織に当てた
時には、発生した煙が、ダクト33における圧力
状態又は真空状態により誘起された空気流によつ
て除去される。これにより、外科医の視野が煙に
よつてさえ切られるおそれがなくなる。又、外科
医は電極の周囲領域に光を当てるように光放射端
15を配置するよう光伝達ケーブル16を調整す
ることもできる。従つて、外科医の気が散らない
ように外科医の視野のさえ切りが除去されるのみ
ならず、外科医の行なう手順を彼自身がよく見え
るように光も与えられる。
以上の説明は本発明を説明するものに過ぎず、
本発明をこれに限定するものではない。本発明の
精神及び範囲内で更に別の変形態様も考えられる
が、これらは当業者にとつて容易に明らかであろ
う。
JP57500767A 1981-01-23 1982-01-25 電気手術用器具 Granted JPS58500104A (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/227,658 US4562838A (en) 1981-01-23 1981-01-23 Electrosurgery instrument
US227658 1981-01-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS58500104A JPS58500104A (ja) 1983-01-20
JPS6459B2 true JPS6459B2 (ja) 1989-01-05

Family

ID=22853964

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP57500767A Granted JPS58500104A (ja) 1981-01-23 1982-01-25 電気手術用器具

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4562838A (ja)
EP (1) EP0070309B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS58500104A (ja)
CH (1) CH653879A5 (ja)
DE (2) DE3231624T1 (ja)
SE (1) SE446150B (ja)
WO (1) WO1982002488A1 (ja)

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WO1982002488A1 (en) 1982-08-05
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EP0070309A1 (en) 1983-01-26
SE8205426D0 (sv) 1982-09-22
EP0070309A4 (en) 1985-02-28
SE446150B (sv) 1986-08-18
CH653879A5 (fr) 1986-01-31
EP0070309B1 (en) 1989-11-15
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US4562838A (en) 1986-01-07
DE3280018D1 (en) 1989-12-21

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