JPS6388278A - Water column separation suppressing method - Google Patents
Water column separation suppressing methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6388278A JPS6388278A JP61234795A JP23479586A JPS6388278A JP S6388278 A JPS6388278 A JP S6388278A JP 61234795 A JP61234795 A JP 61234795A JP 23479586 A JP23479586 A JP 23479586A JP S6388278 A JPS6388278 A JP S6388278A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- runner
- water
- column separation
- load
- water column
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Landscapes
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、水車又はポンプ水車において、負荷遮断時に
発生し勝ちな水柱分離現象を抑制する方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method for suppressing water column separation phenomena that tend to occur during load shedding in water turbines or pump water turbines.
第２図は従来の水車の一例を示す縦断面図である。この
図において（１）はランナ、（２）はガイドベーン、
（３）はケーシング、 （４）はドラフトチューブ、（
５）は負荷遮断時にランナの下方に発生する旋回流を示
す。FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a conventional water turbine. In this figure, (1) is the runner, (2) is the guide vane,
(3) is the casing, (4) is the draft tube, (
5) shows the swirling flow that occurs below the runner during load shedding.
次に第３図は、負荷遮断時のガイドベーン開度と圧力変
化の１例を示す。図中ＧＶはガイドベーン（２）のサー
ボモータのストロークを示し左端はガイドベーン全開、
右端の横軸と交わる点はガイドベーン全閉を示す。また
ＨＣはケーシング（３）の管壁の水圧の変化を、 ＨＤ
はドラフトチューブ（４）の管壁の水圧の変化を示す。Next, FIG. 3 shows an example of the guide vane opening degree and pressure change at the time of load interruption. In the figure, GV indicates the stroke of the servo motor of the guide vane (2), and the left end shows the guide vane fully open.
The point that intersects with the horizontal axis at the right end indicates that the guide vane is fully closed. In addition, HC is the change in water pressure on the pipe wall of the casing (3), HD
shows the change in water pressure on the wall of the draft tube (4).
水車又はポンプ水車の負荷遮断時には、この図に示すよ
うにガイドベーンを短時間で全閉させるので、ガイドベ
ーン（２）の上流側のケーシング（３）内の水圧が急上
昇し、下流側のドラフトチューブ（４）内の水圧が急低
下する。いわゆる水撃作用が生じる。When the load of a water turbine or pump water turbine is interrupted, the guide vanes are fully closed in a short time as shown in this figure, so the water pressure in the casing (3) on the upstream side of the guide vanes (2) rises rapidly, causing a draft on the downstream side. The water pressure inside the tube (4) suddenly drops. A so-called water hammer effect occurs.
一方負荷遮断時には、ランナ出口に旋回流が生じ、これ
によってドラフトチューブ中心部の圧力は局所的に低下
する。第４図はランナ出口の速度線図であって、（ａ）
は定常運転時、（ｂ）は負荷遮断時をそれぞれ示す。図
中、（１）はランナベーン、Ｕ、Ｕ′はランナ周速、ｖ
、ｖ’は絶対流速。On the other hand, when the load is interrupted, a swirling flow is generated at the runner outlet, which causes the pressure at the center of the draft tube to locally decrease. FIG. 4 is a velocity diagram at the runner exit, (a)
(b) shows the state during steady operation, and (b) shows the state during load shedding. In the figure, (1) is the runner vane, U, U' are the runner circumferential speeds, and v
, v' is the absolute flow velocity.
ｗ、ｗ’は相対流速である。第４図（ｂ）に示すように
、負荷遮断時には、ランナの回転速度が上昇してランナ
周速がＵからＵ′に増加し、またガイドベーンが閉鎖す
るので流量したがって相対流速が減少してＷからＷ′と
なり、絶対流速はＶ′となってランナの周速と同じ方向
の旋回成分Ｙ′を持つ、このように負荷遮断時には、第
２図中符号（５）で示されるように、ランナ出口にラン
ナの回転と同じ方向の旋回流が生じ、このためドラフト
チューブ入口の中心部圧力が局所的に低下して、この圧
力低下が前記水撃作用による圧力低下に重畳される。w, w' are relative flow velocities. As shown in Fig. 4(b), when the load is interrupted, the rotational speed of the runner increases and the runner circumferential speed increases from U to U', and the guide vane closes, so the flow rate and therefore the relative flow velocity decrease. W becomes W', the absolute flow velocity becomes V', and it has a swirling component Y' in the same direction as the circumferential speed of the runner.In this way, when the load is interrupted, as shown by symbol (5) in Fig. 2, A swirling flow in the same direction as the rotation of the runner is generated at the runner outlet, so that the pressure at the center of the draft tube inlet locally decreases, and this pressure decrease is superimposed on the pressure decrease due to the water hammer effect.
ドラフト側の放水路が長い場合や、下部貯水池の水位に
対して水車又はポンプ水車の据付位置が高い場合には、
ランナ下方すなわちドラフトチューブ内の水圧はガイド
ベーン（２）の全開時でもかなり低いのに、負荷遮断し
た時には、前記２重の水圧低下が重なって、この部分の
最低圧力は非常に低くなる。そして、最低圧力が蒸気圧
に達すると、水柱分離、すなわちドラフトチューブ内の
水柱が気相てよって分離される現象、が起きる。水柱分
離が起きると２分離した水柱が再結合する時に異常に大
きな圧力上外を生じ、ドラフトチューブ管壁への衝撃、
ランナのとび上り等の悪影響が現われる。If the draft side spillway is long or if the water turbine or pump turbine is installed at a higher location than the water level of the lower reservoir,
Although the water pressure below the runner, that is, inside the draft tube, is quite low even when the guide vane (2) is fully open, when the load is cut off, the above-mentioned double water pressure drop is combined, and the minimum pressure in this area becomes very low. When the lowest pressure reaches the vapor pressure, water column separation occurs, that is, a phenomenon in which the water column in the draft tube is separated by the gas phase. When water column separation occurs, an abnormally large pressure rises and falls when the two separated water columns recombine, causing impact on the draft tube wall.
Negative effects such as runners jumping up may occur.
従来は、水柱分離を発生させないようにするため、放水
路にサージタンクを設けて水撃作用を緩和したり、下部
貯水池の水位に対して水車又はポンプ水車の据付位置を
低くしランナ出口の圧力を上げたりしていた。Conventionally, in order to prevent water column separation, a surge tank was installed in the spillway to alleviate the water hammer effect, or the water turbine or pump turbine was installed at a lower position relative to the water level in the lower reservoir to reduce the pressure at the runner outlet. He was raising his
水柱分離を抑制する従来の対策は、大規模なサージタン
クの設置や１発電所建屋の堀さく等で、土木的に多大な
費用がかかるという欠点があった。Conventional measures to suppress water column separation have had the disadvantage of requiring a large amount of civil engineering costs, such as installing large-scale surge tanks and excavating a single power plant building.
そこで本発明は、簡単な手段で水柱分離を抑制すること
を目的とするものである。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to suppress water column separation by simple means.
本発明は、水車又はポンプ水車の負荷遮断時の水柱分離
を抑制するために、ランナの下方にランナの回転と逆方
向に圧力水を噴出させ、ランナ下方に生じるランナの回
転と同方向の旋回流を減少させる水柱分離抑制方法であ
る。In order to suppress water column separation when the load of a water turbine or a pump-turbine is interrupted, pressurized water is ejected below the runner in the opposite direction to the rotation of the runner, and swirling occurs below the runner in the same direction as the rotation of the runner. This is a water column separation control method that reduces flow.
本発明では、高圧水管を設けて、負荷遮断時にランナの
回転と逆方向に水を噴出させることう
により、ランナ下部の旋回流の発生を抑制し。In the present invention, a high-pressure water pipe is provided to jet water in the direction opposite to the rotation of the runner when the load is cut off, thereby suppressing the occurrence of swirling flow below the runner.
この部分の局部的な圧力低下を防ぎ水柱分離を抑制する
ことができる。It is possible to prevent a local pressure drop in this area and suppress water column separation.
第１図（ｂ）は第１図（ａ）のＢ−Ｂ鎖線による横断面
図である。FIG. 1(b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the chain line B--B in FIG. 1(a).
図中（１）はランナ、（２）はガイドベーン、（３）ハ
ケーシング、（４）はドラフトチューブ、（５）は負荷
遮断時にランナの下方に発生する旋回流を示す。In the figure, (1) shows the runner, (2) the guide vane, (3) the casing, (4) the draft tube, and (5) the swirling flow that occurs below the runner when the load is interrupted.
（６）は高圧水管で、一端が上記ケーシング（３）に連
通し、他端が上記ドラフトチューブ（４）内に上記旋回
流（５）を打消す方向に噴出するよう開口して高圧水を
ランナ下部に噴出させる。(6) is a high-pressure water pipe, one end of which communicates with the casing (3), and the other end of which is opened to eject high-pressure water into the draft tube (4) in a direction that counteracts the swirling flow (5). Spray at the bottom of the runner.
高圧水をランナ下方の旋回流と逆方向に噴出力
させることにより旋回流を減衰させランナ下部の圧力を
高める効果により水柱分離を抑制することができる。By ejecting high-pressure water in the opposite direction to the swirling flow below the runner, the swirling flow is attenuated and the pressure below the runner is increased, thereby suppressing water column separation.
第１図（ａ） （１））は本発明の一実施例を示す縦断
面図および横断面図、第２図は従来の水車の一例を示す
図、第３図は負荷遮断時のガイドベーン開度と圧力の変
化を例示する図、第４図（ａ） （ｂ）はランナ出口の
速度線図である。
（１）・・・ランナ、 （２）・・・ガイドベーン、
（３）・・・ケーシング、（４）・・・ドラフトチュー
ブ、（５）・・・旋回流、（６）・・・高圧水管、（７
）・・・弁。Figure 1 (a) (1)) is a vertical cross-sectional view and a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a view showing an example of a conventional water turbine, and Figure 3 is a guide vane during load shedding. Figures 4(a) and 4(b), which illustrate changes in opening and pressure, are velocity diagrams at the runner exit. (1)...Runner, (2)...Guide vane,
(3)...Casing, (4)...Draft tube, (5)...Swirling flow, (6)...High pressure water pipe, (7
)···valve.
Claims (1)
ナの回転と逆方向に圧力水を噴出させることを特徴とす
る水柱分離抑制方法。A water column separation suppression method characterized by jetting pressurized water below a runner in a direction opposite to the rotation of the runner when the load of a water turbine or a pump water turbine is interrupted.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61234795A JPS6388278A (en) | 1986-10-02 | 1986-10-02 | Water column separation suppressing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61234795A JPS6388278A (en) | 1986-10-02 | 1986-10-02 | Water column separation suppressing method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6388278A true JPS6388278A (en) | 1988-04-19 |
Family
ID=16976511
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61234795A Pending JPS6388278A (en) | 1986-10-02 | 1986-10-02 | Water column separation suppressing method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6388278A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7802960B2 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2010-09-28 | Troms Kraft Produksjon As | Device and method for suction pipe |
| NO333114B1 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2013-03-04 | Troms Kraft Produksjon As | Apparatus and method for reducing noise and vibration in a suction pipe |
| EP2635800A2 (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2013-09-11 | Voith Patent GmbH | Francis-type pump for a hydroelectric power plant |
| WO2023143795A1 (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2023-08-03 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Pump for a hydroelectric power station |
-
1986
- 1986-10-02 JP JP61234795A patent/JPS6388278A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7802960B2 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2010-09-28 | Troms Kraft Produksjon As | Device and method for suction pipe |
| NO333114B1 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2013-03-04 | Troms Kraft Produksjon As | Apparatus and method for reducing noise and vibration in a suction pipe |
| EP2635800A2 (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2013-09-11 | Voith Patent GmbH | Francis-type pump for a hydroelectric power plant |
| WO2023143795A1 (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2023-08-03 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Pump for a hydroelectric power station |
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