JPS638004A - Tyre for icy and snowy road - Google Patents

Tyre for icy and snowy road

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Publication number
JPS638004A
JPS638004A JP61152000A JP15200086A JPS638004A JP S638004 A JPS638004 A JP S638004A JP 61152000 A JP61152000 A JP 61152000A JP 15200086 A JP15200086 A JP 15200086A JP S638004 A JPS638004 A JP S638004A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
spikes
tire
spike
tread
tires
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP61152000A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Akio Kimura
明夫 木村
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to JP61152000A priority Critical patent/JPS638004A/en
Publication of JPS638004A publication Critical patent/JPS638004A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the occurrence of powder dust pollution, by a method wherein, in a spike tyre for a vehicle, the central part of a tread is elevated, spikes are aligned between the central part and a should part, and through regulation of a tyre pressure, the spikes are rendered effective or ineffective to a road surface. CONSTITUTION:With a tyre air pressure increased, tyre rigidity is increased, a tread central part 32 is brought into a protruded state, and a shoulder part 29 is brought into a state in that it is retracted from the central part 32. Thus, spikes 10 aligned closer to the shoulder part 29 are separated from a road surface 40, the spikes 10 are rendered ineffective. Inversely, if a tyre pressure is decreased, the central part 32 is retracted, the spike pins 10 are brought into contact with a road surface to create spike action. This constitution enables the spikes 10 to be brought to an effective or an ineffective position, and enables the occurrence of powder dust pollution due to the spikes.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 此の発明は、スパイクタイヤのスパイクによる路面損傷
と、それに伴って発生する粉塵を防止する氷雪路用タイ
ヤに関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application This invention relates to a tire for use on icy and snowy roads that prevents damage to the road surface caused by the spikes of a spiked tire and the dust generated therewith.

従来の技術 冬期間、寒冷地の積雪路を走向する車輌のタイヤには、
主としてスノータイヤが用いられ、更にトレッドのバタ
ン相当部其他を大巾に改良したスタッドレスタイヤ、他
にスノースパイクタイヤ、金属製や複合材料によるタイ
ヤチェン等が広く使用されでいる。積雪路の走行に於て
は、上記各種類共、目的とする走行安全に対する性能に
於て、大きな相違はない。しかし凍結路面に於てはスパ
イクタイヤに匹敵する性能を有するものはなく、氷雪路
の走行安全に関しては、スパイクタイヤが効果的で、最
も信頼されている。
Conventional technology During winter, the tires of vehicles running on snow-covered roads in cold regions have
Snow tires are mainly used, as well as studless tires with greatly improved tread parts and other parts, snow spike tires, tire chains made of metal or composite materials, etc. are also widely used. When driving on snow-covered roads, there is no major difference in performance for the purpose of driving safety among the above types. However, there is nothing comparable in performance to spiked tires on frozen roads, and spiked tires are effective and the most reliable for driving safety on icy and snowy roads.

近年、スパイクタイヤ、金属製タイヤチェン等は、道路
を損傷し、粉塵公害を発生させるとしで、しきりに論議
が行なわれる様になった。此の問題の難しい点は、解決
手段がないため、走行安全性、環境保全が、道路損耗防
止と二律背反の関係にあることである。今日の車社会で
は、被害者と加害者が同一である場合が多く、その事も
また、此の問題を複雑にしている。
In recent years, spiked tires, metal tire chains, etc. have been the subject of much debate as they are thought to damage roads and generate dust pollution. The difficult point of this problem is that there is no solution, so driving safety and environmental protection are in a trade-off relationship with road wear prevention. In today's motorized society, the victim and perpetrator are often the same person, which also complicates the problem.

道路の除雪、融雪が充分実施されていれば、スパイクタ
イヤ、又はタイヤチェンを使用する必要は全くない。除
融雪を良好に実施しでいる西ドイツの主要道路では、高
速道路でも、夏期、冬期を通じて、同じ夏用タイヤで、
同じ速度で走ることが出来る。しかし融雪のため永年に
わたり路面に塩を散布、使用した結果、明らかに塩害が
認められる様になった。塩分汚染は回復が困難である。
If roads are sufficiently cleared and melted, there is no need to use spiked tires or tire chains. On major roads in West Germany, where snow removal is well done, the same summer tires can be used on expressways throughout the summer and winter.
They can run at the same speed. However, as a result of spraying and using salt on the road surface for many years to melt snow, salt damage has become evident. Salt pollution is difficult to recover from.

早急に塩害を除去する方法もないま〜塩の散布量を減ら
す事が実行されでいる。塩の散布を中止して、スパイク
タイヤを使用することにすべきであるとの意見や、除融
雪の不完全が事故原因であるとしで、訴訟に持ちこむ例
も発生している。スリップによる接触事故も増加し、損
害保険面で、或は車の腐蝕被害等のため、何らかの対策
が急務となっている。
There is no immediate way to remove salt damage, and efforts have been made to reduce the amount of salt sprayed. There have been cases in which lawsuits have been filed, with some arguing that salt spraying should be stopped and spiked tires replaced, and others claiming that incomplete snow removal was the cause of the accident. The number of accidents caused by slips is also increasing, and there is an urgent need to take some countermeasures in terms of non-life insurance and corrosion damage to cars.

日本自動車タイヤ協会は、昭和57年以来、スパイクタ
イヤの低公害化に関しで、第3次にわたり、自粛基準を
定め、関係省庁に、その都度試験データーと共に報告書
を提出、すでに一部分残して実施中であるが、スパイク
の打込本数、突出寸法、直径、底板の径等の効゛果的な
改変点は、走行安全性維持の立場から技術的な限界があ
り、改善はその線上に留まっている。元来氷雪路上をス
パイクタイヤで走っても、通常の走行であれば、安全は
維持され、かつ路面の損耗も、粉塵も発生しない。
Since 1981, the Japan Automobile Tire Association has established self-restraint standards for the third time in relation to reducing the pollution of spiked tires, and has submitted reports along with test data to the relevant ministries and agencies each time, with some of the measures already in progress. However, there are technical limits to effective modifications such as the number of spikes driven, protruding dimensions, diameter, and diameter of the bottom plate from the standpoint of maintaining driving safety, and improvements cannot be made beyond these limits. There is. Even when driving on icy and snowy roads with spiked tires, safety is maintained during normal driving, and there is no wear on the road surface or generation of dust.

しかし、寒冷地から暖かい地方へ、高地から平地へ、大
都市から、近郊都市へ、朝夕の温度の差、風の有無等、
條件の変化によって、地域により、路面に氷雪があった
り、無かったりする。多様な変化は、季節の変り目に特
に甚しくなる。路面のスパイクによる損傷をなくするに
は、氷雪のない地方の路面では、その都度、普通のタイ
ヤに交換して走行する以外に方法がない。
However, from cold regions to warm regions, from highlands to flatlands, from large cities to suburban cities, the difference in temperature between morning and evening, the presence or absence of wind, etc.
Due to changes in conditions, depending on the region, there may or may not be ice or snow on the road surface. Diverse changes become especially severe at the change of seasons. The only way to avoid damage caused by road spikes is to replace tires with regular tires each time you drive on roads in regions where there is no ice or snow.

通常スパイクタイヤは、スノースパイクタイヤとして使
用される。スパイクは底板にピンを直立固着させた簡単
な外形をしているが、抜けや、倒れを防ぐための外形上
の配慮と、接地圧を受ける先端の摩耗を少なくするため
、また、ビンが曲らぬよう硬い合金が使用されでいる。
Spiked tires are usually used as snow spike tires. The spike has a simple appearance with a pin fixed upright on the bottom plate, but the design has been carefully designed to prevent it from falling out or falling over, and to reduce wear on the tip that receives ground pressure. Hard alloys are used to avoid damage.

一般用スパイクタイヤは、前置て、スパイク打込用の孔
があけであるタイヤに、スパイクを打設する。タイヤは
スパイクの保持性を良くするため、軟か過ぎないタイヤ
が使用される。スパイク打込用の孔の位置にマークがつ
けであるタイヤに打設する場合もある。
General-use spiked tires have spikes drilled into the tire with holes in the front for driving spikes into the tire. Tires that are not too soft are used to better retain the spikes. In some cases, spikes are driven into a tire with marks attached to the holes for driving the spikes.

氷雪路上の走行では、タイヤの接地面積を広くしで、グ
リップをかせぐため、比較的低圧にしたタイヤが使用さ
れるため、接地圧分布の高い、ショルダ一部寄りに、優
先してスパイクが打込まれるのが普通である。トレッド
からのスパイクの突出寸法は、短きに過ぎれば噴込摩擦
が不足し、長くても路面を損傷し、倒れの現象が強まり
、効果が少なくなる。突出寸法の規制は現在1.5鰭で
ある。
When driving on icy and snowy roads, tires with relatively low pressure are used in order to widen the tire's contact area and increase grip, so spikes are given priority to the part of the shoulder where the contact pressure distribution is high. It is normal to be included. If the protruding dimension of the spike from the tread is too short, the injection friction will be insufficient, and if it is too long, it will damage the road surface and the phenomenon of falling will become stronger, reducing the effect. The current restriction on protruding size is 1.5 fins.

摩耗に関しては、トレッド部の摩耗が、スパイクの接地
部分の摩耗よりも早いので、タイヤの摩耗の進行につれ
で、スパイクの突出寸法は徐々に長くなる。
Regarding wear, the tread wears out faster than the ground-contacting parts of the spikes, so the protruding dimension of the spikes gradually increases as tire wear progresses.

タイヤは研究開発が休みなく行なわれた結果、耐久性、
運動性能等に於て高度な発達をとげた。
As a result of tireless research and development, tires are durable,
He achieved a high level of development in athletic performance, etc.

当然ながらスパイクタイヤに関しでも低公害化の要求が
生れ、多くの考察がなされたが、複雑大型に過ぎたり、
効果的でないため、或は耐久性を欠く等、実用化され一
般に普及したものは見当らない。
Naturally, there was a demand for lower pollution with respect to spiked tires, and many considerations were made, but they were too complicated and large.
Since it is not effective or lacks durability, there is no one that has been put into practical use and widely used.

発明が解決しようとする問題点 タイヤのグリップ力は粘着摩擦と、ヒステリシス摩擦に
よって起り、材質の粘弾性によって、現象は複雑である
。他方、路面は乾燥舗装路、湿潤舗装路、軟雪路、圧雪
路、氷膜路、氷膜路等、其他色々で、消雪期、降雪期な
ど、気候の変り目には、特に長距離の走行中に於て、車
は多様な路面を通過する。
Problems to be Solved by the Invention The grip force of a tire is caused by adhesive friction and hysteresis friction, and the phenomenon is complicated due to the viscoelasticity of the material. On the other hand, there are various road surfaces such as dry paved roads, wet paved roads, soft snow roads, compacted snow roads, ice film roads, ice film roads, etc., and during climate changes such as snow melting season and snowfall season, especially long distance roads. While driving, a car passes through various road surfaces.

地方により、地域により、市街地、或はその周辺地区等
、氷雪用タイヤの必要度を区分し、路面に関する情報を
放送し、実際に利用出来ろようにすることは、路面の損
傷を少なくするためには良い方法であるが、その場合人
為的な操作によって、或ときはスパイクを有効ならしめ
、必要ならその効果を大巾に無くすることが出来るなら
、スパイクタイヤの低公害化は、大略、達成される。
In order to reduce damage to road surfaces, it is important to classify the need for ice and snow tires by region, region, urban area, or surrounding area, broadcast information about road surfaces, and make them available for use. However, in that case, if it is possible to make the spikes effective at times, and largely eliminate their effectiveness if necessary, then the reduction in pollution from spiked tires will generally be possible. achieved.

タイヤは使用により摩耗する。普通スパイクの接地する
先端よりも、トレッド部分の摩耗が早いので、摩耗につ
れて、スパイクの突出寸法が増す。
Tires wear out with use. Since the tread portion normally wears out faster than the tip of the spike that touches the ground, the protruding dimension of the spike increases as it wears.

1.5 突出寸法の規制がmmと小刻みに定められていることに
照らしても、出来れば使用季節前に、摩耗に合せて、突
出寸法を調整することは、スパイクタイヤの低公害化の
ためには必要手段である。
1.5 Even in light of the fact that regulations on the protrusion size are set in small increments of mm, it is important to adjust the protrusion size according to wear, preferably before the season of use, in order to reduce the pollution of spiked tires. It is a necessary means.

問題点を解決するための手段 タイヤのグリップ力は、道路表面と、トレッドの粘着摩
擦力と、路面の凹凸及びトレッドの変形、押しつけて動
かされることによる、にじりによるヒステリシス摩擦を
合せたものであるが、氷雪路や、濡れた路面では、粘着
摩擦力は大巾に低下し、タイヤのグリップ力の大部分は
ヒステリシス摩擦によることになる。
Means to solve the problem The grip force of a tire is the sum of the adhesive friction force between the road surface and the tread, and the hysteresis friction caused by unevenness of the road surface, deformation of the tread, and smearing caused by being pressed and moved. However, on icy, snowy or wet roads, the adhesion frictional force is greatly reduced, and most of the tire's grip is due to hysteresis friction.

第4図はタイヤの構造部の名称図であるが、タイヤの変
形には空気圧を上げたり、下げたりするのが最も効果あ
る方法で、空気圧を高くすると、変形はトレッド部に集
中し、転ガリ抵抗も小さくなる。空気圧を低くすると、
サイドウオール、ビード等に変形が分散する。タイヤの
空気圧を比較的に低圧にすると、接地圧を受けた時タイ
ヤは変形して、接地面積を増し、ショルダ一部寄りに打
設されたスパイクの効きが良くなり、空気圧を上げると
、タイヤの剛性が強まり、接地面積は減少し、トレッド
中央部位の接地圧が高くなり、ショルダ一部に近いとこ
ろにあるスパイクの効きは悪くなる。タイヤの空気圧を
変化させるとしても、自ら限界がある。普通車の安全走
行のためには、低い場合で1.3 Kt/nJ 、高く
ても30(保を越えないことが望ましい。
Figure 4 shows the names of the structural parts of a tire, and the most effective way to deform a tire is to increase or decrease the air pressure. Gully resistance is also reduced. When the air pressure is lowered,
Deformation is dispersed in the sidewalls, beads, etc. If the air pressure of the tire is set to a relatively low pressure, the tire will deform when it receives ground pressure, increasing the contact area and making the spikes placed near the shoulder part more effective. The rigidity of the tread increases, the contact area decreases, the ground contact pressure in the center of the tread increases, and the effectiveness of the spikes near the shoulder area decreases. Even if you change the tire pressure, it has its own limits. For the safe driving of regular cars, it is desirable that the power consumption does not exceed 1.3 Kt/nJ at the lowest and 30 Kt/nJ at the highest.

問題解決の第1の手段として、主として、タイヤの空気
圧の高低に起因する、トレッドの接地面積、接地圧の変
化に着目し、此れを増幅するため、トレッドの接地面の
スパイクが打込まれる箇所であるショルダ一部寄りの部
分を除いた、トレッドの中央部位を肉厚にし、バタンを
含めて高くする。
As a first means of solving the problem, we focused on changes in the tread's contact area and ground pressure, which are caused by changes in tire air pressure, and in order to amplify these changes, spikes are inserted into the tread's contact surface. The central part of the tread, excluding the part near the shoulders, is made thicker and higher, including the button.

中央部位を高くする場合、その分をあとから粘着するの
ではなく、トレッド設計の段階から、バタンと共に用意
されるが、出来るだけそのタイヤの特性を阻害せぬよう
、他の構成部位には変更を加えない。
When increasing the height of the center part, it is prepared from the tread design stage along with the tread, rather than adding adhesive later, but other components are changed so as not to interfere with the characteristics of the tire as much as possible. Do not add.

問題解決の第2の手段として、スパイク本体を伸縮可能
な構造にする。簡単な機構で、瞬間的に、連続して受け
る接地圧に耐え、小型化出来、弛まず、挾雑物、錆等に
よって、伸縮機能が害されないようなものにする。タイ
ヤのトレッド中央部位が、接地方向に高さを増す程、ス
パイクの効きに関する限り、空気圧の変化による効果が
大きくなるが、それだけ空気圧の加減量を大きくしなけ
ればならなくなる。また空気圧が低い場合には、それだ
け、たわみが大きくなり、タイヤの発熱も増す。トレッ
ド中央部位の厚さは、発熱、其他を含めた点からは、少
なければ少ない程よいが、現在のスパイクの突出寸法の
規制が最大1.5mであることからも、大巾に高くする
必要はない。
As a second means of solving the problem, the spike body is made to have an expandable structure. To have a simple mechanism that can withstand instantaneous and continuous ground pressure, is compact, does not loosen, and does not have its expansion and contraction function impaired by foreign objects, rust, etc. As the height of the central portion of the tire's tread increases in the direction of contact with the ground, the effect of changes in air pressure becomes greater as far as the effectiveness of spikes is concerned, but the amount of adjustment of air pressure must be increased accordingly. Furthermore, when the air pressure is low, the deflection increases and the heat generated by the tire also increases. The thickness of the central part of the tread should be as small as possible in terms of heat generation and other factors, but since the current regulation on the protruding dimension of spikes is a maximum of 1.5 m, there is no need to make it very high. do not have.

以上の手段の組合せによって、氷雪路用タイヤの低公害
化を計る。
By combining the above measures, we aim to reduce the pollution of tires for icy and snowy roads.

作用 第10図はラジアルタイヤ(G)、バイアスタイヤ(H
lの荷重を受けた時のトレッドの接地面の変化の説明図
であるが、ラジアルタイヤfGlは、カーカス圓及びト
レッド(30の変形が、バイアスタイヤfH1より少な
く、バイアスタイヤでは、カーカス311及びトレッド
(30が柔軟で変形し易い。変形接地部f4N1@?接
地スるとき、バイアスタイヤ()(+では中央部りに示
した部分が浮く傾向になる。図中報はその傾向を誇張し
て図示したもので、極端な低空気圧か、高荷重の場合で
なければこの状態にはならない。
Action Figure 10 shows radial tires (G) and bias tires (H).
Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of changes in the contact surface of the tread when a load of 1 is applied. (30 is flexible and easily deformed. Deformed ground contact part f4N1@? When touching the ground, the bias tire () (+) tends to lift the part shown in the center. The figure report exaggerates this tendency. As shown in the diagram, this condition only occurs when the air pressure is extremely low or the load is high.

第1図はタイヤのトレッド部分斜視図で、第2図は、高
空気圧時に於けるA−A断面図である。
FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of the tread of the tire, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A at high air pressure.

スパイクflOが打込まれるショルダ一部29寄りの部
分を除く、トレッドC3Gの中央部位を肉厚にして、バ
タンと共に高くする。空気圧が高ければ、タイヤの剛性
が増し、トレッド中央部位G21が高くなったために、
其の分低くなったショルダ一部寄りに打込まれたスパイ
クfioa師よ、路面40から離れる方向に遷移する。
The central part of the tread C3G, excluding the part near the shoulder part 29 where the spike flO is driven, is made thicker and raised with the slam. If the air pressure is high, the rigidity of the tire increases, and the central part of the tread G21 becomes higher.
The spikes, which were driven into the part of the shoulder that had become lower, moved in the direction away from the road surface 40.

タイヤの空気圧を低くすると、すイドウオールG3、シ
ョルダ一部位−、カーカス311゜ビード39其他の変
形によって、トレッドGOの接地面積が増加し、第3図
の如くスパイクαC1(10a)は、路面40に近づき
接触する。この離れ、接触の空気圧は、タイヤの特性と
、タイヤにか〜る荷重に左右される。空気圧によるタイ
ヤの変形は敏感で、確実に起り、一般乗用車の普通タイ
ヤに於ては空気圧がα2〜α3Vd変ると、操従性、安
定性の変化として、運転席から感知出来る。
When the air pressure of the tire is lowered, the contact area of the tread GO increases due to the deformation of the side wall G3, the shoulder part, the carcass 311°, the bead 39, and others, and as shown in FIG. approach and make contact. This separation and contact air pressure depends on the characteristics of the tire and the load on the tire. Tire deformation due to air pressure is sensitive and occurs reliably, and when the air pressure changes by α2 to α3Vd in regular tires for general passenger cars, it can be sensed from the driver's seat as a change in maneuverability and stability.

トレッド中央部位G2の高くした部分の硬さは、トレッ
ドGOと同じでよく、軟か過ぎではならない。
The hardness of the raised portion of the tread central portion G2 may be the same as that of the tread GO, and must not be too soft.

打設するスパイク(Ioは第8図の如く外形は従来のス
パイクと大差はない。第7図分解斜視図の如く底板αθ
を有する外筒(14に内接するスパイク柱(Izは互に
ネジ(13(Is u集2手工摸態に連結されている。
The spikes (Io) to be driven are not much different in external shape from conventional spikes as shown in Fig. 8.As shown in Fig. 7 exploded perspective view, the bottom plate αθ
The spike pillars (Iz) inscribed in the outer cylinder (14) having an outer cylinder (14) are connected to each other with screws (13 (Isu collection 2).

ネジ(13α5の條溝はリードを小さくし、振動、打撃
による弛みを防ぐため、更にスプリングワッシャ08を
底板側上に配置し、スプリングワッシャ4日の上下面に
滑り止め突起20−)を設け、これに嵌合する凹部23
■睦、スパイク柱側、底板α0にもうける。防塵カバー
241は挾雑物のため螺進が妨たげられぬようにするた
めに設ける。防塵カバーC<は水分の浸入は防止出来な
いので、錆の発生する材料で、スパイク柱t12、外筒
(141,スプリングワッシャ(18等が造られる場合
は、防錆処理を施すか、或は組立時に於て、粘着性の油
脂を内面に塗布する。スパイクα2の螺進は、工具によ
り、ネジ廻し溝Qθによって行い、螺進によって、スパ
イク(10の高さが調節される。高さの調整は異る性能
のタイヤのスパイク打込み時に於ける。突出寸法合せの
ためと、タイヤのトレッドの摩耗によって起る、スパイ
クの突出寸法が大きくなり過ぎたとき。
The screw (13α5 groove has a small lead, and in order to prevent loosening due to vibration and impact, a spring washer 08 is placed on the bottom plate side, and anti-slip protrusions 20-) are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the spring washer 4, Recess 23 that fits into this
■Mutsumi, add on the spike pillar side, bottom plate α0. The dustproof cover 241 is provided to prevent the screw from being obstructed by foreign matter. The dustproof cover C< cannot prevent moisture from entering, so if the spike column t12, outer cylinder (141, spring washer (18) etc. are made of rust-prone materials, apply anti-rust treatment or During assembly, apply sticky oil to the inner surface.The spike α2 is screwed in using a tool through the screwdriver groove Qθ, and the height of the spike (10 is adjusted by the screwing. Adjustments are made when driving spikes for tires with different performance.To match the protrusion size, and when the protrusion size of the spike becomes too large due to tire tread wear.

修正するためのものである。It is for correction.

摩耗に対する突出寸法の調整は、頻繁に行う必要はない
。走向の程度によって、毎冬期前に摩耗の程度を調べ、
必要あるときにのみ、調整を実施する。
Adjustment of the protrusion size for wear does not need to be performed frequently. Depending on the degree of strike, the degree of wear is checked before each winter season.
Make adjustments only when necessary.

実施例 実施例として氷雪路用タイヤの部分斜視図を第1図に、
タイヤの高空気圧時に於けるA−A断面を第2図に、タ
イヤの低空気圧時に於けるA−A断面を第3図とした。
Example A partial perspective view of a tire for ice and snow roads is shown in FIG. 1 as an example.
FIG. 2 shows a cross section along line A-A when the tire has a high air pressure, and FIG. 3 shows a cross section along line A-A when the tire has a low air pressure.

トレッドGoのトレッド中央部位3zは、接地方向に高
くした部位であるが、これと、シ謬ルダ一部四の間に、
トレッド中央部位器の両側に添って、スパイク[10(
1(至)が配列され、打設されている。第2図のように
タイヤの空気圧を高くしていくと、タイヤは剛性を強め
、荷重を受は乍らも、スパイクaffioa)y先端部
は、路面!4Gと離れる方向に遷移し、路面(40と接
触しなくなり、離れる。此の状態で走行すると、接地面
積が減少し、トレッド中央部の接地圧も高くなっている
ので、スパイクaaamよ噴込摩擦力を失う。或は路面
の凹凸により、また、急ブレーキ、急旋回時に於ては路
面(40と接することになるが、極端な場合を除けば、
接触は、トレッド中央部G2が高くなったことにより、
軽いものとなる。そのことはまた、タイヤ本来の、安全
走行を可能ならしめる、すぐれた性能でもある。タイヤ
の空気圧を低くすると、剛性が減少し、ショルダ一部2
9.サイドウオールC33等と共に、トレッド(3(]
は変形を強め、接地面積を増し、また、カーカス(31
1もタイヤ内側に少し押され、スパイクacxtoa’
xy>先端は、第3図の如く、路面10に近づく方向に
遷移し、タイヤの空気圧が適当であれば、荷重により、
スパイクαcmacnの先端は。
The tread center part 3z of the tread Go is a part raised in the direction of contact with the ground, and between this and the shield part 4,
Spikes [10 (
1 (to) are arranged and poured. As shown in Figure 2, as the air pressure of the tire is increased, the tire becomes more rigid, and while it can bear the load, the tips of the spikes will not touch the road surface! It changes in the direction away from 4G, no longer makes contact with the road surface (40), and separates. When driving in this condition, the contact area decreases and the contact pressure at the center of the tread increases, so the spike aaam and injection friction Loss of power. Or due to unevenness of the road surface, or during sudden braking or sharp turns, the vehicle will come into contact with the road surface (40, but except in extreme cases,
The contact is caused by the height of the tread center G2.
It becomes lighter. This is also due to the tire's inherent excellent performance, which enables safe driving. Lowering the tire pressure reduces stiffness and reduces the shoulder part 2.
9. Along with sidewall C33 etc., tread (3()
The carcass (31
1 was also pushed a little inside the tire, and the spikes acxtoa'
xy> The tip transitions in the direction approaching the road surface 10 as shown in Fig. 3, and if the tire air pressure is appropriate, depending on the load,
The tip of the spike αcmacn.

路面40と接触を強める。この状態に於ける氷雪路の走
行では、スパイク(tolG(ロ)の噴込摩擦は路面に
応車輌の種類による荷重の軽重、また、サイドウオール
が軟らかく、トレッドが変形しにくいもの、トレッドの
動きが柔軟で、比較的に多様に変形するもの、また、タ
イヤの幅等、タイヤの特性によって、異なる形のものを
用いることが出来るが、その例を第9[ff1(E+、
 (Flに示した。
Strengthen the contact with the road surface 40. When driving on icy and snowy roads in this condition, the injection friction of spikes (tolG (b)) is affected by the load depending on the type of vehicle that is applied to the road surface. is flexible and deforms in a relatively diverse manner, and it is possible to use tires with different shapes depending on the characteristics of the tire, such as the width of the tire.
(Showed in Fl.

発明の効果 タイヤの性能種類別に、高低双方の標準空気圧と、スパ
イクの標準突出寸法を、タイヤに表示し、地方、地域、
市街地、また、除融雪良好な路面等、かなり広い範囲の
路面情報に従って、運転者が、据付コンプレッサー、或
は携行用空気ボンベ等ににより、タイヤの空気圧を変化
させることで、スパイクの効ぎを制御することが出来る
。また、摩耗によるスパイクの突出寸法の変化と、タイ
ヤの性能に起因する。空気圧に依る。トレッドの変形の
差に合せて、突出寸法の調整が可能である。
Effects of the Invention The standard air pressure for both high and low levels and the standard protrusion dimensions of spikes are displayed on tires for each tire performance type, and the
The driver can adjust the effectiveness of the spikes by changing the tire pressure using a stationary compressor or a portable air cylinder, based on a fairly wide range of road surface information, such as urban areas and roads with good snow melting. It can be controlled. It is also caused by changes in the protruding dimensions of the spikes due to wear and tire performance. Depends on air pressure. The protrusion dimension can be adjusted according to the difference in tread deformation.

日本自動車タイヤ協会が、昭和57年以来、第3次にわ
たり、関係省庁に報告した、スパイクタイヤの低公害化
の有力な手段である、スパイクの打込本数、径、突出寸
法、スパイクの接地する面の形状、スパイク底板の径等
々の内、有効な手段ではあるが困難な、突出寸法に関す
る問題は、噴込摩擦が制御可能となり、スパイクを有す
る氷雪路用タイヤの低公害化は、略、達成される。
The Japan Automobile Tire Association has reported to related ministries and agencies for the third time since 1981, regarding the number of spikes, diameter, protrusion dimension, and ground contact of spikes, which are effective means of reducing the pollution of spiked tires. Among issues such as the shape of the surface, the diameter of the spike bottom plate, etc., problems related to the protrusion dimension, which is an effective but difficult method, can now be controlled by injection friction, and the reduction in pollution of tires for ice and snow roads with spikes is approximately achieved.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は、タイヤのトレッドの部分斜視図第2図は、高
空気圧時に於けるトレッド部A−A断面図 第3図は、低空気圧時に於けるトレッド部A−A断面図 第4図は、一般タイヤの構造部の名称図第5図は、スパ
イクの平面図 第6図は、スパイクのB−B断面図 第7図は、スパイクの分解斜視図 第8図は、スパイクの外形斜視図 第9図は、他の実施例トレンドの断面図第10図は、接
地面積変化の説明図 1O・・・スパイク  12・・・スパイク柱14・・
・外筒    16・・・底板18・・・スプリングワ
ッシャ 2020訃・・突起   2222a・・・凹部24・
・・防塵カバー 26・・・ネジ廻し溝28・・・タイ
ヤ   29・・・ショルダ一部30・・・トレッド 
 31・・・カーカス32・・・トレンド中央部位 33・・・サイドウオール 35・・・ビード40・・
・路面
Fig. 1 is a partial perspective view of the tire tread. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the tread section taken along the line A-A when the air pressure is high. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tread section taken along the line A-A when the air pressure is low. , Name diagram of the structural parts of a general tire. Figure 5 is a plan view of the spike. Figure 6 is a BB sectional view of the spike. Figure 7 is an exploded perspective view of the spike. Figure 8 is an external perspective view of the spike. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of another example trend. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of ground contact area change. 1O...Spike 12...Spike column 14...
・Outer cylinder 16...Bottom plate 18...Spring washer 2020...Protrusion 2222a...Recess 24...
...Dust cover 26...Screw groove 28...Tire 29...Shoulder part 30...Tread
31...Carcass 32...Trend center part 33...Side wall 35...Bead 40...
・Road surface

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1、車輌の氷雪路用タイヤに於て、タイヤのトレッド(
30)の中央部位(32)を、パタンを含めて、接地方
向に高くし、中央部位(32)と、ショルダー部(29
)間に、中央部位(32)の両側に添って、スパイク(
10)を配列、打設した、氷雪路用タイヤ。 2、スパイク(10)は、底板(16)を有する外筒(
14)と、防塵カバー(24)が固着され、ネジ廻し溝
(26)を有するスパイク柱(12)とが、ネジにより
螺進する如く内接され、スパイク柱(12)と底板(1
6)との間に、突起を有するスプリングワッシャ(18
)を配し、突起に嵌合する凹部を底板(16)及びスパ
イク柱(12)に設けたスパイクである特許請求の範囲
第1項記載の氷雪路用タイヤ。
[Claims] 1. In a tire for icy and snowy roads of a vehicle, the tread of the tire (
30), including the pattern, is made higher in the direction of ground contact, and the center part (32) and shoulder part (29) are raised higher in the direction of ground contact.
), along both sides of the central part (32), there are spikes (
10) A tire for icy and snowy roads arranged and installed. 2. The spike (10) has an outer cylinder (
14) and a spike column (12) to which a dustproof cover (24) is fixed and which has a screwdriver groove (26) are inscribed so as to be threaded by screws, and the spike column (12) and the bottom plate (1
6), a spring washer (18
), and the bottom plate (16) and the spike pillar (12) are provided with recesses that fit into the protrusions.
JP61152000A 1986-06-27 1986-06-27 Tyre for icy and snowy road Pending JPS638004A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP61152000A JPS638004A (en) 1986-06-27 1986-06-27 Tyre for icy and snowy road

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP61152000A JPS638004A (en) 1986-06-27 1986-06-27 Tyre for icy and snowy road

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS638004A true JPS638004A (en) 1988-01-13

Family

ID=15530876

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP61152000A Pending JPS638004A (en) 1986-06-27 1986-06-27 Tyre for icy and snowy road

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS638004A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03119523U (en) * 1990-03-23 1991-12-10
KR20000046270A (en) * 1998-12-31 2000-07-25 조충환 Pneumatic tire for four seasons
RU2564790C1 (en) * 2014-10-16 2015-10-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный машиностроительный университет (МАМИ)" All-weather pneumatic tire of car wheel

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03119523U (en) * 1990-03-23 1991-12-10
KR20000046270A (en) * 1998-12-31 2000-07-25 조충환 Pneumatic tire for four seasons
RU2564790C1 (en) * 2014-10-16 2015-10-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный машиностроительный университет (МАМИ)" All-weather pneumatic tire of car wheel

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