JPS6358751A - Photoelectric converter tube - Google Patents
Photoelectric converter tubeInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6358751A JPS6358751A JP20296986A JP20296986A JPS6358751A JP S6358751 A JPS6358751 A JP S6358751A JP 20296986 A JP20296986 A JP 20296986A JP 20296986 A JP20296986 A JP 20296986A JP S6358751 A JPS6358751 A JP S6358751A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- photocathode
- light
- face plate
- photoelectric conversion
- sensitivity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NSXHMNIAFHXYSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cesium silver oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Ag+].[Cs+] NSXHMNIAFHXYSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005338 frosted glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は、真空容器内面に形成された半透明形光電陰極
、真空空間に配置された集束電極、ダイノード、陽極等
を備える光電子増倍管に代表される光電変換管に関する
。Detailed Description of the Invention (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a photomultiplier tube comprising a translucent photocathode formed on the inner surface of a vacuum container, a focusing electrode arranged in a vacuum space, a dynode, an anode, etc. Regarding photoelectric conversion tubes represented by.
（従来の技術）
半透明形の光電陰極を備える光電子増倍管は、真空容器
の光を透過する窓の内壁に半透明の光電陰極を持つ。(Prior Art) A photomultiplier tube equipped with a translucent photocathode has a translucent photocathode on the inner wall of a light-transmitting window of a vacuum container.
窓を透過した光は、光電陰極の中を通過するけれども、
その時に光のエネルギーが光電陰極に吸収され、窓側と
は反対側、つまり真空側に電子を放出する。Although the light transmitted through the window passes through the photocathode,
At that time, the energy of the light is absorbed by the photocathode, and electrons are emitted to the opposite side of the window, that is, to the vacuum side.
この光電陰極には、多種類のものがあり、各々特徴を持
っているため、その用途に合致したものが選択されて、
使用されている。There are many types of photocathodes, each with their own characteristics, so the one that matches the application is selected.
It is used.
（発明が解決しようとする問題点）
光電子増倍管に用いられる半透明形マルチアルカリ光電
陰極および銀酸化セシウム光電陰極は、他の光電陰極に
比し、赤色および赤外光に対して良好な感度を持ってい
る。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) Translucent multi-alkali photocathodes and silver cesium oxide photocathodes used in photomultiplier tubes have better resistance to red and infrared light than other photocathodes. Has sensitivity.
しかしこれらの光電陰極は、熱電子放出（光が入らない
状態での電子流）が大きいという問題がある。However, these photocathodes have the problem of large thermionic emission (electron flow in the absence of light).
赤外領域での遠隔計測等の精密測定の分野で、高いＳ／
Ｎ比で高感度の光電子増倍管を使用したいという強い要
請がある。In the field of precision measurement such as remote measurement in the infrared region, high S/
There is a strong desire to use photomultiplier tubes with high sensitivity and high N ratio.
光電子増倍管の半透門形光電陰極面の厚さを厚くすれば
、光が光電変換される可能性は大きくなる。If the thickness of the semi-transparent gate-shaped photocathode surface of the photomultiplier tube is increased, the possibility that light will be photoelectrically converted increases.
しかし、変換されて発生した電子が光電陰極の層に吸収
され、電子が真空中に放出される前に光電陰極面の中で
消滅してしまう可能性がある。However, the converted electrons may be absorbed by the photocathode layer and annihilated within the photocathode surface before being emitted into the vacuum.
光電子増倍管の半透門形光電陰極面の厚さを比較的薄く
すれば、光電変換により発生した電子は前述のように捕
捉される確率は少なくなるが、光が光電陰極面を透過し
てしまい、光電変換されない可能性が生ずる。If the thickness of the semi-transparent gate-shaped photocathode surface of a photomultiplier tube is made relatively thin, the probability that electrons generated by photoelectric conversion will be captured as described above will be reduced, but light will not pass through the photocathode surface. Therefore, there is a possibility that the photoelectric conversion will not be performed.
また、この透過光は真空容器内の光を反射する構造物な
どにより、反射させられて光電陰極に戻り、光電子を放
出させる。Further, this transmitted light is reflected by a light-reflecting structure in the vacuum container and returns to the photocathode, causing photoelectrons to be emitted.
このような透過光の反射による光電子の発生は、入射位
置による感度の変化、つまり感度の均一性（ユニホミテ
ィ）を阻害する要因となる。The generation of photoelectrons due to the reflection of transmitted light becomes a factor that impedes the change in sensitivity depending on the incident position, that is, the uniformity of sensitivity.
本発明の目的は、光電変換感度の均一性（ユニホミティ
）を保ち、より高い感度を得ることができる光電変換管
を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a photoelectric conversion tube that can maintain uniformity of photoelectric conversion sensitivity and obtain higher sensitivity.
（問題点を解決するための手段）
前記目的を達成するために、本発明による光電変換管は
、半透門形光電陰極を有する光電変換管において、光電
陰極が設けられた入射面板の表面を拡散透過面にして構
成されている。(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the photoelectric conversion tube according to the present invention has a semi-transparent gate-type photocathode, in which the surface of the entrance plate on which the photocathode is provided is It is constructed with a diffused transmission surface.
前記光電陰極を、マルチアルカリ光電陰極、または銀酸
化セシウム光電陰極とすることができる。The photocathode can be a multi-alkali photocathode or a silver cesium oxide photocathode.
前記光電変換管の入射面板の表面はサンドブラストによ
り磨りガラス状に加工することにより拡散透過面とする
ことができる。The surface of the entrance face plate of the photoelectric conversion tube can be made into a diffusing and transmitting surface by processing it into a frosted glass shape by sandblasting.
（実施例）
以下、図面等を参照して、本発明をさらに詳しく説明す
る。(Example) The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings and the like.
第１図は、本発明による光電変換管の実施例を示す側面
図である。FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a photoelectric conversion tube according to the present invention.
第２図は、前記実施例の入射面板と光電陰極の一部を拡
大して示した拡大端面図である。FIG. 2 is an enlarged end view showing a portion of the entrance face plate and photocathode of the embodiment.
真空容器１の一部を構成する入射面板１ａの裏面には光
電陰極２が形成されている。A photocathode 2 is formed on the back surface of an entrance face plate 1a that constitutes a part of the vacuum vessel 1.
この光電陰極２で光電変換により発生させられた光電子
は集束電極３により、ダイノード群４の第１段ダイノー
ドＤｙ１に入射させられる。Photoelectrons generated by photoelectric conversion at the photocathode 2 are made incident on the first stage dynode Dy1 of the dynode group 4 by the focusing electrode 3.
順次２次電子増倍されて、陽極５から取り出される。The secondary electrons are sequentially multiplied and taken out from the anode 5.
入射面板１ａはＵＶガラスで形成され、第２図に示すよ
うに表面に無数の凹凸が設けられている。The entrance face plate 1a is made of UV glass, and has numerous irregularities on its surface as shown in FIG.
光電陰極２として、赤色および赤外光に対して良好な感
度を持つマルチアルカリ光電陰極または銀酸化セシウム
光電陰極を用いる。As the photocathode 2, a multi-alkali photocathode or a silver cesium oxide photocathode having good sensitivity to red and infrared light is used.
第２図に示すように容器ｌの入射面板１ａの外側を磨り
ガラス状にすることにより、光の方向を変化させ、光電
陰極面に対する入射角が直角であったものを、あらゆる
角度から入るようにする。As shown in Fig. 2, by making the outside of the entrance face plate 1a of the container l into a frosted glass shape, the direction of the light can be changed so that the angle of incidence on the photocathode surface is now at right angles, but now it can enter from any angle. Make it.
これにより光電陰極２の厚さを増すことなく、光が光電
陰極の中を通過する距離を平均して長くすることができ
る。As a result, the distance that light passes through the photocathode can be increased on average without increasing the thickness of the photocathode 2.
その結果、光の吸収、電子変換を大きくすることができ
る。As a result, light absorption and electronic conversion can be increased.
したがって、暗電流を増加することなく、光感度を上げ
ることができる。Therefore, photosensitivity can be increased without increasing dark current.
浜松ホトニクス株式会社の光電子増倍管Ｒ３７４（従来
管）とその入射面板を拡散透過面としたもの（実施例管
）とを比較した。A photomultiplier tube R374 (conventional tube) manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd. was compared with a photomultiplier tube (example tube) in which the entrance face plate was a diffused transmission surface.
（従来管）
ヘッドオン形光電子増倍管
入射面板 ＵＶガラス
光電陰極 マルチアルカリ
ダイノード ボックス形１１段
（実施例管）
従来管で測定を行った後、入射面板を２００メツシユの
サンドブラストを行い入射面板を拡散透過面としたもの
。(Conventional tube) Head-on type photomultiplier tube entrance faceplate UV glass photocathode Multi-alkali dynode Box type 11 stages (Example tube) After measuring with the conventional tube, the entrance faceplate was sandblasted with 200 meshes. A diffused transmission surface.
発明の詳細な説明の末尾に示す表１は従来管（処理前）
と実施例管（処理後）の赤色光（フィルタＶＲ−６８使
用）に対する感度を５本の光電子増倍管について、光電
陰極の出力電流を比較して示しである。Table 1 shown at the end of the detailed description of the invention shows conventional pipes (before treatment).
The sensitivity of the example tube (after treatment) to red light (using filter VR-68) is shown by comparing the output current of the photocathode for five photomultiplier tubes.
この表から感度が平均して１．２３倍向上していること
が理解できる。From this table, it can be seen that the sensitivity is improved by 1.23 times on average.
第３図は、前記実施例管と従来管の光束の入射位置によ
る感度の均一度（ユニホミティ）の変化を示すグラフで
ある。FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes in the uniformity of sensitivity depending on the incident position of the luminous flux of the embodiment tube and the conventional tube.
直径１ｍｍの光束を図の矢印の方向に移動させた場合の
出力を重ねて示しである。The output when a light beam having a diameter of 1 mm is moved in the direction of the arrow in the figure is shown in an overlapping manner.
入射光が入射面板で拡がって光電陰極面に入射させられ
るため、出力の変動は少なくなっている。Since the incident light is spread by the entrance face plate and made incident on the photocathode surface, fluctuations in the output are reduced.
（発明の効果）
以上詳しく説明したように、本発明による光電変換装置
は、半透切形光電陰極を有する充電変換管において、光
電陰極が設けられた入射面板の表面を拡散透過面にして
構成されている。(Effects of the Invention) As explained in detail above, the photoelectric conversion device according to the present invention is configured such that the surface of the entrance plate on which the photocathode is provided is a diffused transmission surface in a charging conversion tube having a semi-transparent cut-out photocathode. has been done.
したがって、暗電流を増加することなく、光感度を上げ
ることができる。Therefore, photosensitivity can be increased without increasing dark current.
また感度の均一性も向上させることができる。Furthermore, the uniformity of sensitivity can also be improved.
表１ Ｒ３７４面板磨りガラス処理前後の感度（相対値）Table 1 Sensitivity before and after R374 surface plate frosted glass treatment (relative value)
第１図は、本発明による光電変換管の実施例を示す側面
図である。
第２図は、前記実施例の入射面板と充電陰極の一部を拡
大して示した拡大端面図である。
第３図は、前記実施例管と従来管の光束の入射位置によ
る感度の均一度（ユニホミティ）の変化を示すグラフで
ある。
ｌ・・・真空容器
１ａ・・・真空容器の一部を構成する入射面板２・・・
光電陰極
３・・・集束電極
４・・・ダイノード群（Ｄｙ１・・・第１段ダイノード
）５・・・陽極FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a photoelectric conversion tube according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged end view showing a part of the entrance face plate and charging cathode of the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes in the uniformity of sensitivity depending on the incident position of the luminous flux of the embodiment tube and the conventional tube. l...Vacuum vessel 1a...Incidence face plate 2 constituting a part of the vacuum vessel...
Photocathode 3... Focusing electrode 4... Dynode group (Dy1... 1st stage dynode) 5... Anode
Claims (3)
光電陰極が設けられた入射面板の表面を拡散透過面にし
て構成したことを特徴とする光電変換管。(1) In a photoelectric conversion tube having a translucent photocathode,
1. A photoelectric conversion tube characterized in that the surface of an entrance face plate provided with a photocathode is a diffused transmission surface.
銀酸化セシウム光電陰極である特許請求の範囲第１項記
載の光電変換管。(2) The photoelectric conversion tube according to claim 1, wherein the photocathode is a multi-alkali photocathode or a silver cesium oxide photocathode.
トにより磨りガラス状に加工されたものである特許請求
の範囲第１項記載の光電変換管。(3) The photoelectric conversion tube according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the entrance face plate of the photoelectric conversion tube is processed into a frosted glass shape by sandblasting.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20296986A JPS6358751A (en) | 1986-08-29 | 1986-08-29 | Photoelectric converter tube |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20296986A JPS6358751A (en) | 1986-08-29 | 1986-08-29 | Photoelectric converter tube |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6358751A true JPS6358751A (en) | 1988-03-14 |
Family
ID=16466159
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20296986A Pending JPS6358751A (en) | 1986-08-29 | 1986-08-29 | Photoelectric converter tube |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6358751A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02197470A (en) * | 1989-01-27 | 1990-08-06 | Hino Motors Ltd | Mounting device for cab |
| JPH02197472A (en) * | 1989-01-27 | 1990-08-06 | Hino Motors Ltd | Mounting device for cab |
| JPH02197471A (en) * | 1989-01-27 | 1990-08-06 | Hino Motors Ltd | Mounting device for cab |
| EP0437242A2 (en) * | 1990-01-08 | 1991-07-17 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | A process for forming a photoelectron emitting device, photoelectron emitting device and photomultiplier |
-
1986
- 1986-08-29 JP JP20296986A patent/JPS6358751A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02197470A (en) * | 1989-01-27 | 1990-08-06 | Hino Motors Ltd | Mounting device for cab |
| JPH02197472A (en) * | 1989-01-27 | 1990-08-06 | Hino Motors Ltd | Mounting device for cab |
| JPH02197471A (en) * | 1989-01-27 | 1990-08-06 | Hino Motors Ltd | Mounting device for cab |
| EP0437242A2 (en) * | 1990-01-08 | 1991-07-17 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | A process for forming a photoelectron emitting device, photoelectron emitting device and photomultiplier |
| US5371435A (en) * | 1990-01-08 | 1994-12-06 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Photoelectron emitting device having a photocathode made of photoelectric material |
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