JPS63501881A - Basic oxygen converter steelmaking method - Google Patents
Basic oxygen converter steelmaking methodInfo
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- JPS63501881A JPS63501881A JP61501540A JP50154086A JPS63501881A JP S63501881 A JPS63501881 A JP S63501881A JP 61501540 A JP61501540 A JP 61501540A JP 50154086 A JP50154086 A JP 50154086A JP S63501881 A JPS63501881 A JP S63501881A
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- oxygen
- converter
- fuel
- solid carbon
- gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
- C21C5/562—Manufacture of steel by other methods starting from scrap
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。 (57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 塩基性酸素転炉＄２鏑法 ［産業上の利用分野］ 本発明は一般的に冶金に関するものであり、特に製鋼法に関するものであり、別 して塩基性酸素転炉による製鋼法に関連する。[Detailed description of the invention] Basic oxygen converter $2 Kabura method [Industrial application field] TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates generally to metallurgy, and specifically to steelmaking processes, and related to the steelmaking process using a basic oxygen converter.
［従来技術と問題点］ 金属スクラップの量が世界中で増大しているので、金属スクラップの再溶融が現 代冶金技術の最大重要事と成っている。塩基性酸素転炉法（ＢＯＦ法）は汎用鋼 の基本的製造法である。従来のＢＯＦ製鋼法は３０％までのスクラップを使用す る事ができる。[Prior art and problems] As the amount of scrap metal is increasing worldwide, remelting of metal scrap is becoming a reality. This is the most important aspect of metallurgical technology. Basic oxygen converter method (BOF method) is a general-purpose steel This is the basic manufacturing method. Traditional BOF steelmaking processes use up to 30% scrap. can be done.
現在、工業先進国では、炉装入物中に１００％のスクラップを使用するための多 数の酸素転炉製鋼法が開発されている。At present, in industrially developed countries, there are many Several oxygen converter steelmaking processes have been developed.
塩基性酸素転炉の実際運転によって得られた経験から。Based on the experience gained from actual operation of a basic oxygen converter.
このような方法においては主として溶融初期の固体燃料の燃焼に関する問題点の 故に溶融サイクルが長いので、従来の通常の製鋼法と比較して転炉の生産性が著 しく（５０％も）低い事が示された。 先行技術においては。This method mainly solves problems related to the combustion of solid fuel in the initial stage of melting. Therefore, since the melting cycle is long, the productivity of the converter is significantly higher than that of conventional conventional steelmaking methods. It was shown to be significantly lower (as much as 50%). In terms of prior art.
装入物として固体金属Ｆａ−含有材料を使用しく米国特許第４，１９８，２３０ 号、Ｉｎｔ、Ｃ１，Ｃ２１Ｃ５／４３，１９８０）、塩基性酸素転炉中において 炭素含有燃料を燃焼さぜる事によフて金属Ｆｅ−含有材料を加熱し溶融する塩基 性酸素転炉製鋼法が公知である。固体炭素含有燃料の点火を加速するため、金属 Ｆｅ−含有材料または固体炭素含有燃料を転炉中に装入する前に予熱する。さら に、予め固体燃料を微粉状態に粉砕しこれを搬送ガス流に同伴させて転炉中に送 入する事により、固体燃料点火時間を短縮させる事ができる。U.S. Pat. No. 4,198,230 using solid metallic Fa-containing material as a charge No., Int, C1, C21C5/43, 1980), in a basic oxygen converter. A base that heats and melts a metallic Fe-containing material by burning a carbon-containing fuel. Oxygen converter steelmaking processes are well known. metal to accelerate the ignition of solid carbon-containing fuels. The Fe-containing material or solid carbon-containing fuel is preheated before being charged into the converter. Sara In this process, the solid fuel is pulverized in advance into a fine powder, which is then entrained in the carrier gas flow and sent to the converter. By entering the solid fuel ignition time, it is possible to shorten the solid fuel ignition time.
前記の固体炭素含有燃料点火時間の短縮を目的とする技術は、技術的なまた組織 的な複雑さの欠点がある。これは、スクラップおよび固体炭素含有燃料を転炉外 部に特別に設置したユニット中で予熱する必要と関係があり、これは追加的ユニ ットと、これらのユニットの建設と定期保守のための支出を必要とする。The technology aimed at shortening the ignition time of solid carbon-containing fuels has technical and organizational advantages. It has the disadvantage of complexity. This removes scrap and solid carbon-containing fuel from the converter. This is related to the need for preheating in a specially installed unit in the units and expenditures for the construction and regular maintenance of these units.
転炉外部でのスクラップの予熱は、このＦｅ−含有材料の剛性の喪失と、転炉中 に装入の困難な大きな凝塊の形成を生じる。こｊｌ、は、転炉中へのスクラップ の装入時間を延長させ、従って溶融サイクル時間を全体として延長させる。Preheating of the scrap outside the converter reduces the loss of stiffness of this Fe-containing material and This results in the formation of large agglomerates that are difficult to charge. This is the scrap to the converter. charging time and thus the overall melting cycle time.
また転炉外で予熱された固体炭素含有燃料の使用は、燃料利用効率を低下させる 。Additionally, the use of solid carbon-containing fuel preheated outside the converter reduces fuel utilization efficiency. .
技術水準の他の公知の塩基性酸素転炉中において固体炭素含有燃料を使用する製 鋼法（ＦＲＧ特許第２．７２９．９８３号、Ｉｎｔ、Ｃ１，Ｃ２１Ｃ５／２８， １９７９）においては、酸素を送入しながら炭素含有燃料の燃焼によって金属Ｆ ｅ−含有材料を予熱し溶融させるが、この炭素含有燃料は２部分を順次に転炉中 に装入する。すなわち、その第１部分はＦｅ−含有材料と共に装入され、第２部 分は酸素の送入と同時に、しかし装入物が溶融し始める以前に、すなわち液相が 出現する前に転炉中に装入される。Production using solid carbon-containing fuel in other basic oxygen converters known in the state of the art. Steel method (FRG Patent No. 2.729.983, Int, C1, C21C5/28, (1979), metal F was produced by combustion of carbon-containing fuel while supplying oxygen. The e-containing material is preheated and melted, and this carbon-containing fuel is passed through the converter in two parts sequentially. Charge to. That is, the first part is charged with Fe-containing material and the second part is charged with Fe-containing material. at the same time as the oxygen is introduced, but before the charge starts to melt, i.e. the liquid phase is It is charged into the converter before it emerges.
固体炭素含有燃料として、主としてコークスが使用される。しかし無煙炭または コークスなどの石炭、すなわち低揮発分（９％以下）の石炭の燃焼は、その点火 が困難でこの点火操作に長い時間を消費するので相当に長時間のスクラップ予熱 時間を必要とする。またその結果、耐火性ライニングの炭素含有成分の酸化の故 にライニングの摩損を生じる。Coke is mainly used as solid carbon-containing fuel. But anthracite or The combustion of coal such as coke, that is, coal with a low volatile content (9% or less), is caused by its ignition. This ignition operation is difficult and takes a long time, so it takes a considerable amount of time to preheat the scrap. It takes time. As a result, due to the oxidation of the carbon-containing components of the refractory lining, causes wear and tear on the lining.
塩基性酸素転炉の製鋼工程においてコークス予熱と点火に消費される時間が５〜 ７分に達するのはコークスの高い引火点（６００〜７００℃）によるものであり ５これが溶融時間を延長させ、従って塩基性酸素転炉の生産性に悪影響を与える 。The time consumed for coke preheating and ignition in the basic oxygen converter steelmaking process is 5~ The reason why it takes 7 minutes is due to the high flash point of coke (600-700℃). 5 This increases the melting time and thus has a negative impact on the productivity of basic oxygen converters. .
さらに、この方法は、酸素の非合理的使用の欠点を有する。すなわち、酸素の大 部分が煙道ガスによって同伴され、このようにしてガス相の酸化ポテンシャルを 増大する。また、この事が、塩基性酸素転炉のライニングの炭素含有成分の酸化 を促進し、その摩損を加速し、転炉の使用寿命を短縮させ、従って転炉の生産性 に悪影響を与える。Furthermore, this method has the disadvantage of irrational use of oxygen. In other words, the amount of oxygen fraction is entrained by the flue gas, thus increasing the oxidation potential of the gas phase. increase This also causes oxidation of carbon-containing components in the lining of basic oxygen converters. , accelerate its wear and tear, shorten the service life of the converter, and thus reduce the productivity of the converter. adversely affect.
［発明の概要］ 本発明の本質的な主目的は、塩基性酸素転炉（Ｂ ＯＦ）中において固体金属Ｆ ｅ−含有材料を使用する製鋼法において、固体炭素含有燃料の急速な点火によっ て溶融時間を短縮させ、従って転炉の生産性を向上させる事を可能にする方法を 提供するにある。[Summary of the invention] The essential main objective of the present invention is to produce solid metal F in a basic oxygen converter (BOF). In steelmaking processes using e-containing materials, rapid ignition of solid carbon-containing fuels A method that makes it possible to reduce the melting time and thus increase the productivity of the converter. It is on offer.
塩基性酸素転炉中において固体金属Ｆｅ−含有材料を使用する製鋼法において、 連続的に酸素を供給しながら篠屯固体炭素含有撚料を燃焼させる事によって固体 金属Ｆｅ−含有材料を予熱し、溶融し、前記燃料は転炉中に２部分を成して装入 され、この第１部分は固体金属Ｆｅ−含有材料と共に装入され、第２部分は転炉 に対して酸素を送入しながら装入され、固体炭素含有燃料の第１部またこの固体 炭素含有燃料の第２部分は、１回の溶融当たり必要とされる酸素量の２０乃至３ ０重置型が消費さ本発明の塩基性酸素転炉法においては、酸素は、酸素供給の開 始から燃料第２部分の装入の瞬間までの経過時間の１０乃至２０％の時間内に、 使用されるガス炭−当たり０．０８乃至０．２６ｎｘ３／分まで均一に増大する 送入率で送入される事が望ましい。In a steelmaking process using solid metallic Fe-containing materials in a basic oxygen converter, Solid by burning the solid carbon-containing twisted material while continuously supplying oxygen. The metallic Fe-containing material is preheated and melted, and the fuel is charged in two parts into the converter. This first part is charged with solid metallic Fe-containing material and the second part is charged to the converter. The first part of the solid carbon-containing fuel is charged while supplying oxygen to the solid carbon-containing fuel. The second portion of the carbon-containing fuel contains 20 to 3 of the amount of oxygen required per melt. In the basic oxygen converter method of the present invention, oxygen is consumed at the opening of the oxygen supply. Within 10 to 20% of the elapsed time from the beginning to the moment of charging the second portion of fuel, Uniformly increases from 0.08 to 0.26nx3/min per gas charcoal used It is desirable to send at the sending rate.
ガス炭の使用により、その燃焼は］４分以内に実施する事ができ、この事が各溶 融工程の時間を削減し、転炉の生産性を平均３０％増大させる。そのほか１本発 明による方法は、酸素消費量を４０％低下させ、また耐火ライニングの消耗＆２ ５〜３０％低下させる事ができる。By using gas charcoal, its combustion can be carried out within ]4 minutes, and this Reduces melting process time and increases converter productivity by an average of 30%. 1 other shot The method according to Akira reduced oxygen consumption by 40% and also reduced the consumption of refractory lining &2. It can be reduced by 5 to 30%.
［実施例］ 塩基性酸素転炉中において固体金属Ｆｅ−含有材料を使用する本発明の製鋼法は 下記のように実施される。[Example] The steel manufacturing process of the present invention using solid metallic Fe-containing materials in a basic oxygen converter is It is carried out as follows.
転炉の中に、スクラップなどの固体金属Ｆｅ−含有材料を装入し、また固体炭素 含有燃料の第１部分を装入する。この固体炭素含有燃料として一２５〜４０重量 ％の揮発分を有するガス炭を使用する。Solid metal Fe-containing material such as scrap is charged into the converter, and solid carbon is also charged into the converter. Charge a first portion of contained fuel. This solid carbon-containing fuel weighs between 25 and 40 kg. Gas charcoal with a volatile content of % is used.
２５％以下の揮発分を有するガス炭を使用すれば、この固体炭素含有燃料の点火 の困難による装入物加熱時間の延長と、酸素の浪費を伴う、逆に、高揮発分（４ ０重量％以上）の石炭を使用すれば、ガス相が一時に放出され、その結果燃料の 不完全燃焼と損失を伴う、このような石炭は多量の灰分登含有し、この灰分が溶 融に際して健全な錆の収率を低下させ、またその他の溶融特性に悪影響を及ぼす 、ガス炭の送入は、その揮発分と、その急速点火を生じる条件に依存している。Ignition of this solid carbon-containing fuel is possible by using gas charcoal with a volatile content of less than 25%. On the other hand, high volatile content (4 If coal containing 0 wt% or more is used, the gas phase is released at once, resulting in a With incomplete combustion and losses, such coal contains a large amount of ash, which is dissolved Reduces the yield of healthy rust during melting and adversely affects other melting properties. , the delivery of gas coal is dependent on its volatile content and the conditions that produce its rapid ignition.
このガス炭は溶融当たり必要とされる固体炭素含有燃料の全量の２０乃至３０％ 送入される。ガス炭の量はその揮発分に依存している。２５重置型の揮発分の場 合、使用される固体炭素含有燃料の全量に対するガス炭の割合は３０重置型であ るが、ガス炭の揮発分が４０％の場合、使用されるガス炭の割合は２０％である 。このガス炭送入％からのいずれの側への片寄りも、酸素または燃料の過消費を もたらす。This gas charcoal accounts for 20 to 30% of the total amount of solid carbon-containing fuel required per melt. sent. The amount of gas charcoal depends on its volatile content. 25 stack type volatile matter place In this case, the ratio of gas charcoal to the total amount of solid carbon-containing fuel used is 30 However, if the volatile content of gas charcoal is 40%, the proportion of gas charcoal used is 20%. . Any deviation to either side from this gas coal feed percentage will result in overconsumption of oxygen or fuel. bring.
転炉の中に固体金属Ｆｅ−含有材料と固体炭素含有燃料の第１部分とを装入する と同時に、転炉の中に酸素を送入し始める。装入物予熱中の酸素消化度は装入物 溶融中と相違する３石炭とスクラップの両方がまだ冷たい初期段階においてはガ ス炭の燃焼に使用される酸素量は低い、この時期においては、酸素の消費量は石 炭から放出される可燃性ガス相の量に大きく依存している。またこの放出される 可燃性ガスの量は、ガス炭の揮発分含有量の燃焼を生じるレベルに保持されなけ ればならない。Charge a solid metallic Fe-containing material and a first portion of solid carbon-containing fuel into a converter. At the same time, oxygen begins to be pumped into the converter. The oxygen digestibility during charge preheating is 3.In the initial stage when both coal and scrap are still cold, gas is different from melting. The amount of oxygen used to burn coal is low; It is highly dependent on the amount of combustible gas phase released from the charcoal. This will also be released The amount of combustible gas must be maintained at a level that results in combustion of the volatile content of the gas coal. Must be.
前記の段階の時間は基本的に、装入物中でのガス炭の燃焼条件と、最適溶融状態 への進度とに依存している。The duration of the above steps basically depends on the combustion conditions of the gas coal in the charge and the optimum melting state. It depends on the progress towards.
溶融当たり必要とされる酸素量の２０〜３０％が転炉の中に送入されると同時に １石炭の°燃焼工程が安定する事が発見された。送入された酸素量が所要量の２ ０％以下のとき、ガス炭揮発分の損失が増大し、これに対してガス送入量が所要 量の３０％以上であ扛ば、溶融時間が延長される。送入される酸素量は使用され るガス炭の址に正比例している。At the same time 20-30% of the amount of oxygen required per melt is fed into the converter. 1 It was discovered that the combustion process of coal is stable. The amount of oxygen delivered is 2 of the required amount When it is less than 0%, the loss of gas coal volatile content increases, and the amount of gas feed is required to compensate for this. If the amount is more than 30%, the melting time will be extended. The amount of oxygen delivered is It is directly proportional to the amount of gas coal used.
溶融当たり必要とされる酸素量の２０〜３０％が転炉中に送入されたとき、固体 炭素含有燃料の第２部分が装入される。第２部分の固体炭素含有燃料としては、 無煙炭およびコークスなどの石炭、すなわち低揮発分の（９重量％以下の）石炭 が使用される。When 20-30% of the amount of oxygen required per melt is fed into the converter, the solid A second portion of carbon-containing fuel is charged. As the solid carbon-containing fuel of the second part, Coals such as anthracite and coke, i.e. low volatile content (less than 9% by weight) is used.
この第２段階においてガス炭を使用する事は望ましくない、なぜかならば、・こ の段階の温度特性により揮発分の激しい放出を生じ、この揮発分が燃焼するに十 分な時間を有しないまま、煙道ガスと共に送出されるからである。It is not desirable to use gas charcoal in this second stage because... The temperature characteristics of the This is because the gas is sent out together with the flue gas without sufficient time.
第２段階において低揮発分石炭（無煙炭およびコークス）の使用が望ましい事は 、燃料の燃焼条件に依存している。高揮発分（９％以上）の石炭が第２段階にお いて使用されれば、揮発分の強力な高率発生を生じる。このような揮発分は完全 燃焼できないので、燃料のロスが避けられず、これが燃料熱の利用係数に影響す る。従って、この製鋼工程の第２段階においては低揮発分石炭（９％以下）を使 用しなければならない。It is desirable to use low-volatile coal (anthracite and coke) in the second stage. , depends on the combustion conditions of the fuel. Coal with high volatile content (more than 9%) is used in the second stage. If used in a vacuum, it will result in a strong high rate of volatile generation. These volatiles are completely Since combustion is not possible, fuel loss is unavoidable, which affects the fuel heat utilization coefficient. Ru. Therefore, low volatile content coal (less than 9%) is used in the second stage of this steelmaking process. must be used.
酸素は、酸素供給の開始時点から固体炭素含有燃料の第２部分の装入の時点まで の時間の１０乃至２０％の時間内に、装入されるガス炭眩当たり０．０８〜０． ２６ｍ’／分の値まで均一に増大する送入率をもって送入されることが望ましい 、この第１段階の時間は、使用されるガス炭の揮発分に依存し、すなわち４０体 積％の揮発分を有するガス炭の場合、この初期予熱時間は前記の経過時間の１０ ％に等しく、２５重量％のガス炭の場合。The oxygen is supplied from the beginning of the oxygen supply to the time of charging the second portion of solid carbon-containing fuel. Within 10-20% of the time, 0.08-0. It is preferable to feed with a feeding rate that increases uniformly up to a value of 26 m'/min. , the time of this first stage depends on the volatile content of the gas charcoal used, i.e. In the case of gas coal with a volatile content of % and for 25% by weight gas coal.
この予熱時間の長さは前記経過時間の２０％に上昇する。The length of this preheating time increases to 20% of the elapsed time.
予熱段階の酸素吹き込み時間が短かすぎると（前記経過時間の１０％以下）酸素 の消化率が低下し、従って酸素の送入率が増大する。酸素送入率が増大する予熱 時間が前記経過時間の２０％を超えた場合、未燃焼揮発分の形の燃料損失が増大 する。予熱段階において、酸素送入率は、使用されるガス炭聴当たり０．０８〜 ０．−２６ｍ３７分の値に達するまで、時間と正比例して増大される。If the oxygen blowing time in the preheating stage is too short (less than 10% of the elapsed time), the oxygen The digestibility of oxygen is reduced and the oxygen delivery rate is therefore increased. Preheating increases oxygen delivery rate If the time exceeds 20% of said elapsed time, fuel losses in the form of unburned volatiles increase. do. In the preheating stage, the oxygen delivery rate is 0.08 to 0.08 per gas coal used. 0. It is increased in direct proportion to time until a value of -26m37 minutes is reached.
使用されるガス炭眩当たり０．２６ｍ３／分を超える酸素送り率は石炭の燃焼工 程を強化しない、なぜかならばこの場合に石炭燃焼率は石炭が既に反応部位に導 入されている事によって制限され、余分な酸素はスクラップを酸化させ、転炉ラ イニングの炭素含有成分を燃焼しつくすがらである。この故に、ガス炭眩当たり ０．２６ｍ、３／分以上の酸素送り率は望ましくない、酸素送り率の下限（ガス 炭鵠当たり０．０８ｍ’／分）は、ガス炭から揮発分を完全燃焼する量だけ放出 させる必要によって決定される。The oxygen delivery rate exceeding 0.26 m3/min per gas coal used is This is because in this case the coal combustion rate is lower than the coal already introduced into the reaction site. Excess oxygen oxidizes the scrap and While burning off the carbon-containing components of the inning. Because of this, gas coal is dazzling. 0.26m, an oxygen delivery rate of 3/min or more is undesirable; the lower limit of the oxygen delivery rate (gas 0.08 m'/min) releases only the amount of volatile matter from gas coal that completely burns it out. determined by the need to do so.
酸素送り率は溶融終了まで一定に留まる。１回の溶融当たり必要とされる酸素の 全量が送入されたとき、溶融を停止する。The oxygen delivery rate remains constant until the end of melting. Oxygen required per melt When the entire amount has been delivered, melting is stopped.
以下において本発明の本質をさらによく理解するため、容量１０００Ｋｇのコン ビネーション吹き型塩基性酸素転炉における本発明の方法の実施例について述べ る。In the following, in order to better understand the essence of the invention, An example of the method of the present invention in a bination-blown basic oxygen converter is described. Ru.
実施例１ 塩基性酸素転炉（Ｂ ＯＦ）の中に１１００ｋｇのスクラップと、３２．５重量 ％の揮発分を含有する固体炭素含有燃料の第１部分、すなわち１７．５ｋｇのガ ス炭（１回の溶融あたり必要とされる固体炭素含有燃料の全量の２５重量％）と を装入し−そこで、９５重量％の酸素と５重量％の窒素とを含有する酸化剤の送 入を開始する。つぎに、酸素の送入率を１．３分の経過時間内に（酸素送入の開 始時点から固体炭素含有燃料の第２部分の装入時点までの経過時間の約１３％に 相当）−ａ、ｏｍ’、／分（使用されるガス炭ｉｃｇあたり約０．１７１ｍ’／ 分に相当）まで均一に増大させる。Example 1 1100 kg of scrap in the basic oxygen converter (B OF) and 32.5 wt. A first portion of solid carbon-containing fuel containing % volatile content, i.e. 17.5 kg of gas coal (25% by weight of the total amount of solid carbon-containing fuel required per melt) and - whereupon an oxidizing agent containing 95% by weight oxygen and 5% by weight nitrogen is introduced. start entering. Next, the oxygen delivery rate was adjusted within the elapsed time of 1.3 minutes (starting the oxygen delivery). Approximately 13% of the elapsed time from the beginning to the time of charging the second portion of solid carbon-containing fuel equivalent) - a, om', /min (approximately 0.171 m'/min per icg of gas coal used) (equivalent to minutes).
２５．７５ｍ’（溶融あたりの所要酸素全量の２５重量％に相当）の酸素量が約 １０．０２５分で送入された時、固体炭素含有燃料の第２部分、すなわち５２． ５ｋｇの無煙炭を転炉の中に装入し、酸素を３．０ｍ″／分の速度で送入し続け る。25.75 m’ (equivalent to 25% by weight of the total amount of oxygen required per melt) When delivered at 10.025 minutes, the second portion of solid carbon-containing fuel, i.e. 52. 5 kg of anthracite was charged into the converter, and oxygen was continuously fed at a rate of 3.0 m''/min. Ru.
溶融あたりの使用酸素量はｌＱ３ｍ”である、溶融鋼の生産量は１００３ ｋｇ −すなわち健全金属収率は９１６２％である。０．０５％炭素鋼を得るまでの溶 融時間は４０．１分である。天然ガス送入量は５７ｍ３である。The amount of oxygen used per melting is 1Q3m'', and the production amount of molten steel is 1003 kg. - That is, the sound metal yield is 9162%. Melting process to obtain 0.05% carbon steel Melting time is 40.1 minutes. The amount of natural gas fed is 57m3.
実施例２ 塩基性酸素転炉（ＢＯＦ）の中に１１００ｋｇのスクラップと、４０重量％の揮 発分を含有する固体炭素含有燃料の第１部分、すなわち１４ｋｇのガス炭（１回 の溶融あたり必要とされる固体炭素含有燃料の全量の２０重麓％）とを装入し、 そこで、９５重量％の酸素と５重量％の窒素とを含有する酸化剤の送入を開始す る。つぎに、酸素の送入率を１．６分の経過時間内に、２．３８ｍ’／分（使用 されるガス炭ｋｇあたり約０．１７ｍ’／分に相当）まで均一に増大させる。２ ６．５ｍ’ （溶融あたりの所要酸素全量の２５重景気に相当）の酸素量が約１ ０．１分（酸素装入の開始から固体炭素含有燃料の第２部分の１こ 装入までの経過時間の１５％の相当）で送入された時。Example 2 1100 kg of scrap and 40 wt. The first part of solid carbon-containing fuel containing fractions, i.e. 14 kg of gas charcoal (one time 20% of the total amount of solid carbon-containing fuel required per melting of the solid carbon-containing fuel, Therefore, we started introducing an oxidizing agent containing 95% by weight of oxygen and 5% by weight of nitrogen. Ru. Next, the oxygen delivery rate was changed to 2.38 m'/min (used (equivalent to approximately 0.17 m'/min per kg of gas coal). 2 The amount of oxygen for 6.5 m' (equivalent to the total amount of oxygen required for melting in 25 years) is approximately 1 0.1 min (1 minute of the second portion of solid carbon-containing fuel from the start of oxygen charging) (equivalent to 15% of the elapsed time until charging).
固体炭素含有燃料の第２部分、すなわち５６に、の無煙炭を転炉の中に装入し、 酸素を２．３８ｍ’／分の速度で送入し続ける。溶融あたりの使用酸素量は１０ ６ ｍ ”である、溶融鋼の収率は９１．１％、炭素含有量は０．０５％である 。溶融時間は４０．５分である。天然ガス送入量は５７ｍ３である。charging a second portion of solid carbon-containing fuel, i.e. 56 anthracite coals, into the converter; Continue to pump oxygen at a rate of 2.38 m'/min. The amount of oxygen used per melting is 10 6 m”, the yield of molten steel is 91.1%, and the carbon content is 0.05%. . Melting time is 40.5 minutes. The amount of natural gas fed is 57m3.
実施例３ 塩基性酸素転炉（Ｂ ＯＦ）の中に１１００ｋｇのスクラップと、２５重景気の 揮発分を含有する固体炭素含有燃料の第１部分、すなわち２１ｋｇのガス炭（１ 回の溶融あたり必要とされる固体炭素含有燃料の全量の３０重重景）とを装入し 、そこで、９５重景気の酸素と５重量％の窒素とを含有する酸化剤の送入を開始 する。つぎに、酸素の送入率を１．３分の経過時間内に、３．５７ｍ’ ／分（ 使用されるガス炭ｋｇあたり約０．１７ｍ’／分に相当）まで均一に増大させる 。２６．２５ｍ’ （溶融あたりの所要酸素全量の２５重景気に相当）の酸素量 の装入後約１０．１分で、固体炭素含有燃料の第２部分、すなわち４９ｋｇの無 煙炭を転炉の中に装入し、酸素を３．５７ｍ３／分の速度で送入し続ける。溶融 あたりの使用酸素量は１０５ｍ’である。溶融鋼の収率は９１．０％、０゜０５ ％の炭素含有量の鋼を得るまでの溶融時間は４０゜４分である。天然ガス送入量 は５７ｍ３である。Example 3 There was 1,100 kg of scrap in the basic oxygen converter (B OF) and The first part of the solid carbon-containing fuel containing volatiles, i.e. 21 kg of gas charcoal (1 Charge the total amount of solid carbon-containing fuel required per 30 times melting Therefore, the introduction of an oxidizing agent containing 1995 heavy oxygen and 5% nitrogen by weight was started. do. Next, the oxygen delivery rate was set to 3.57 m'/min (within 1.3 minutes of elapsed time). (equivalent to approximately 0.17 m’/min per kg of gas coal used) . Oxygen amount of 26.25 m’ (equivalent to the total amount of oxygen required for melting in the 25th century) Approximately 10.1 minutes after charging, the second portion of solid carbon-containing fuel, i.e. 49 kg of free Charcoal is charged into the converter and oxygen is continued to be fed at a rate of 3.57 m3/min. melting The amount of oxygen used per unit is 105 m'. The yield of molten steel is 91.0%, 0°05 The melting time to obtain a steel with a carbon content of 40° 4 minutes. Natural gas supply amount is 57m3.
実施例４゜ 塩基性酸素転炉（ＢＯＦ）の中に１１００ｋｇのスクラップと、２５重景気の揮 発分を含有する固体炭素°含有燃料の第１部分、すなわち１７．５ｋｇのガス炭 （１回の溶融あたり必要とされる固体炭素含有燃料の全量の２５重量％）とを装 入し、そこで、９５重景気の酸素と５重量％の窒素とを含有する酸化剤の送入を 開始する。つぎに、酸素の送入率を１．０５分の経過時間（酸素送入開始から固 体燃料の第２部分の装入時点までの経過時間の１５％ニ相当）内ニ、３．０ｍ３ ／分（使用されるガス炭ｋ。Example 4゜ 1,100 kg of scrap was stored in the basic oxygen converter (BOF). The first part of the solid carbon-containing fuel containing fractions, i.e. 17.5 kg of gas charcoal (25% by weight of the total amount of solid carbon-containing fuel required per melt) whereupon an oxidizing agent containing 95% oxygen and 5% nitrogen by weight was introduced. Start. Next, the oxygen supply rate was set to 1.05 minutes elapsed time (fixed from the start of oxygen supply). (equivalent to 15% of the elapsed time up to the time of charging the second portion of body fuel), 3.0 m3 /min (gas charcoal k used.
あたり約０．１７１ｍ３／分に相当）まで均一に増大させる。２０．８ｍ３ （ 溶融あたりの所要酸素全量の２０重量％に相当）の酸素量が７．０分の時間で装 入された後、固体炭素含有燃料の第２部分、すなわち５２．５ｋｇの無煙炭を転 炉の中に装入し、酸素を３．０ｍ３／分の速度で送入し続ける。溶融あたりの使 用酸素量は１０４ｍ３である。溶融鋼の収率は９１．０％、０．０５％の炭素含 有量の鋼を得るまでの溶融時間は４０．１分である。天然ガス送入量は５７ｍ３ である。0.171 m3/min). 20.8m3 ( The amount of oxygen (equivalent to 20% by weight of the total amount of oxygen required for melting) was charged in 7.0 minutes. After being loaded, the second portion of solid carbon-containing fuel, i.e. 52.5 kg of anthracite, is rolled. The furnace is charged and oxygen is continued to be fed at a rate of 3.0 m3/min. Usage per melt The amount of oxygen used is 104 m3. The yield of molten steel is 91.0%, containing 0.05% carbon. The melting time to obtain a quantity of steel is 40.1 minutes. Natural gas supply amount is 57m3 It is.
実施例５ 塩基性酸素転炉（Ｂ ＯＦ）の中に１１００ｋｇのスクラップと、３２．５重量 ％の揮発分を含有する固体炭素含有燃料の第１部分、すなわち１７．５に、のガ ス炭（１回の溶融あたり必要とされる固体炭素含有燃料の全量の２５重量％）と を装入し、そこで、９５重景気の酸素と５重量％の窒素とを含有する酸化剤の送 入を開始する。つぎに、酸素の送入率を１．４５分の経過時間（酸素送入開始か ら固体燃料の第２部分の装入時点までの経過時間の１５％に相当）内に、３ 、 ０”ｍ３／分（使用されるガス炭ｔｃ＝あたり約０．１７１ｍ’／分に相当）ま で均一に増大させる。３２．７ｍ３ （溶融あたりの所要酸素全量の３０重重景 に相当）の酸素量が１０．９分の時間で装入された後、固体炭素含有燃料の第２ 部分、すなわち５２．５ｋｇの無煙炭を転炉の中に装入し、酸素を３．０ｍ３／ 分の速度で送入し続ける。溶融あたりの使用酸素量はｉｏ９ｍ３である。溶融鋼 の収率は９１．０％、炭素含有量は０．０５％である。溶融時間は４１．２分で ある。天然ガス送入量は５７ｍ３である。Example 5 1100 kg of scrap in the basic oxygen converter (B OF) and 32.5 wt. A first portion of the solid carbon-containing fuel containing a volatile content of 17.5%, a gas of coal (25% by weight of the total amount of solid carbon-containing fuel required per melt) and where an oxidizing agent containing 95% oxygen and 5% nitrogen by weight was introduced. start entering. Next, calculate the oxygen delivery rate for the elapsed time of 1.45 minutes (start of oxygen delivery). (equivalent to 15% of the elapsed time from the time of charging to the time of charging the second portion of solid fuel), within 3, 0”m3/min (equivalent to approximately 0.171m’/min per gas coal tc used) or increase uniformly. 32.7m3 (30-fold view of the total amount of oxygen required for melting) of solid carbon-containing fuel was charged in a time of 10.9 minutes. 52.5 kg of anthracite was charged into the converter and oxygen was added at 3.0 m3/ Continue feeding at a speed of 1 minute. The amount of oxygen used per melt is io9m3. molten steel The yield is 91.0% and the carbon content is 0.05%. Melting time is 41.2 minutes be. The amount of natural gas fed is 57m3.
実施例６ 塩基性酸素転炉（Ｂ ＯＦ）の中に１１００ｋｇのスクラップと、３２．５重量 ％の揮発分を含有する固体炭素含有燃料の第１部分、すなわち１７゜５ｋｇのガ ス炭（１回の溶融あたり必要とされる固体炭素含有燃料の全量の２５重量％）と を装入し、そこで、９５重景気の酸素と５重量％の窒素とを含有する酸化剤の送 入を開始する。つぎに、酸素の送入率を０．７３分の経過時間内に、３゜０ｍ３ ７分（使用されるガス炭ｋｇあたり約０．１７１ｍ３７分に相当）まで均一に増 大させる。２７．５ｍ３（溶融あたりの所要酸素全量の２５重景気に相当）の酸 素量が９．５３分の時間で装入された後、固体炭素含有燃料の第２部分、すなわ ち５２．５ｋｇの無煙炭を転炉の中に装入し、酸素を３．０ｍ’／分の速度で送 入し続ける。Example 6 1100 kg of scrap in the basic oxygen converter (B OF) and 32.5 wt. A first portion of solid carbon-containing fuel containing % volatile content, i.e. 17°5 kg of gas coal (25% by weight of the total amount of solid carbon-containing fuel required per melt) and where an oxidizing agent containing 95% oxygen and 5% nitrogen by weight was introduced. start entering. Next, increase the oxygen supply rate to 3°0m3 within the elapsed time of 0.73 minutes. Increase uniformly to 7 minutes (equivalent to approximately 0.171 m37 minutes per kg of gas charcoal used). Make it bigger. 27.5 m3 of acid (equivalent to 25 times the total amount of oxygen required per melt) After the elementary quantity has been charged at a time of 9.53 minutes, the second portion of solid carbon-containing fuel, i.e. 52.5 kg of anthracite was charged into a converter, and oxygen was fed at a rate of 3.0 m'/min. Keep entering.
溶融あたりの使用酸素量は１１０ｍ３である。炭素含有量０６０５％の炭素鋼を 得る溶融時間は４０．４分である。溶融鋼の収率は９０．９％、天然ガス送入量 は５７ｍ３である。The amount of oxygen used per melt is 110 m3. Carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.605% The melting time obtained is 40.4 minutes. The yield of molten steel is 90.9%, the amount of natural gas supplied is 57m3.
実施例７ 塩基性酸素転炉（Ｂ ＯＦ）の中に１１００ｋｇのスクラツブと、３２．５重板 ％の揮発分を含有する固体炭素含有燃料の第１部分、すなわち１７．５ｋｇのガ ス炭（］回の溶融あたり必要とさｈる固体炭素含有燃料の全景の２５重五％）と ２装入し、そこで、９５重重景の酸素と５重量％の窒素とを含有する酸化剤の送 入を開始する。つぎに、酸素の送入率を１．５５分の経過時間（酸素送入開始か ら固体燃料の第２部分の装入時点までの経過時間の２０％）内に、３．０ｍ’／ 分（使用されるガス炭ｋｇあたり約Ｑ、１７１ｍ’／分に相当）まで均一に増大 させる。２１．２ｍ３ （溶融あたりの所要酸素全量の２０゜２重量％に相当） の酸素量が７．７５分の時間で装入された後、固体炭素含有燃料の第２部分、す なわち５２゜５ｋｇの無煙炭を転炉の中に装入し、酸素を３゜Ｏｍ’／分の速度 で送入し続ける。溶融あたりの使用酸素量は１０５ ｍ ３である。炭素含有量 ０．０５％の炭素鋼を得る溶融時間は４０分である。溶融鋼の収率は９１．１％ 、天然ガス送入量は５７ｍ′３であるや 実施例８ 塩基性酸素転炉（Ｂ ＯＦ）の中に１１００ｋｇのスクラップと、３２．５重量 ％の揮発分を含有する固体炭素含有燃料の第１部分、すなわち】−７，５＊Ｈの ガス炭（１回の溶融あたり必要とされる固体炭素含有燃料の全量の２５重量％） とを装入し、そこで、９５重量％の酸素と５重量％の窒素と登含有する酸化剤の 送入を開始ｒる。つぎに、酸素の送入率を１．６分の経過時間（酸素送入開始か ら固体燃料の第２部分の装入時点までの経過時間の〕−５％）内に、１．４ｍ３ ／分（使用されるガス炭ｋｇあたり約０．０８ｍ３７分に相当）まで均一に増大 させる。Example 7 1100 kg of scrubbing and 32.5 heavy plates in the basic oxygen converter (B OF) A first portion of solid carbon-containing fuel containing % volatile content, i.e. 17.5 kg of gas carbonaceous coal (25% of the total amount of solid carbon-containing fuel required per melting time) and 2 charges, in which an oxidizer containing 95% oxygen and 5% nitrogen was introduced. start entering. Next, calculate the oxygen delivery rate for the elapsed time of 1.55 minutes (start of oxygen delivery). 3.0 m’/20% of the elapsed time from increase uniformly up to 100 m’/min (approximately Q per kg of gas coal used, equivalent to 171 m’/min) let 21.2m3 (equivalent to 20°2% by weight of the total amount of oxygen required for melting) After the amount of oxygen has been charged for a time of 7.75 minutes, the second portion of solid carbon-containing fuel, all That is, 52゜5kg of anthracite was charged into a converter, and oxygen was added at a rate of 3゜Om'/min. Continue sending. The amount of oxygen used per melting was 105 m3. carbon content The melting time to obtain 0.05% carbon steel is 40 minutes. The yield of molten steel is 91.1% , the amount of natural gas injected is 57m'3. Example 8 1100 kg of scrap in the basic oxygen converter (B OF) and 32.5 wt. % of the solid carbon-containing fuel, i.e. ]-7,5*H. Gas charcoal (25% by weight of the total amount of solid carbon-containing fuel required per melt) There, an oxidizing agent containing 95% by weight of oxygen and 5% by weight of nitrogen was added. Start feeding. Next, calculate the oxygen delivery rate for the elapsed time of 1.6 minutes (start of oxygen delivery). -5% of the elapsed time up to the time of charging the second portion of solid fuel. /min (equivalent to approximately 0.08m37min per kg of gas charcoal used) let
２６．５ｍ３ （溶融あたりの所要酸素全量の２５重量％に相当）の酸素量が１ ０゜７分の時間で装入された後、固体炭素含有燃料の第２部分、すなわち５２． ５ｋｇの無煙炭を転炉の中に装入し、酸素を１．４ｍ’／分の速度で送入し続け る。溶融あたりの使用酸素量は１０６ ｍ ”である。炭素含有量０．０５％の 炭素鋼を得る溶融時間は４ｏ。７分である。溶融鋼の収率は９１．１％−天然ガ ス送入量は５７ｍ３である。The amount of oxygen in 26.5 m3 (equivalent to 25% by weight of the total amount of oxygen required for melting) is 1 After being charged for a time of 0.7 minutes, the second portion of solid carbon-containing fuel, namely 52. 5 kg of anthracite was charged into the converter, and oxygen was continuously fed at a rate of 1.4 m'/min. Ru. The amount of oxygen used per melting is 106 m''. With a carbon content of 0.05% The melting time to obtain carbon steel is 4o. It is 7 minutes. The yield of molten steel is 91.1% - natural gas The amount of gas fed is 57 m3.
実施例９ 塩基性酸素転炉（ＢＯＦ）の中に１１００ｋｇのスクラップと、３２．５重量％ の揮発分を含有する固体炭素含有燃料の第１部分、すなわち１．７．．５ｋｇの ガス炭（１回の溶融あたり必要とされる固体炭素含有燃料の全量の２５重重景） とを装入し、そこで、９５重重景の酸素と５重量％の窒素とを含有する酸化剤の 送入を開始する。つぎに、酸素の送入率を１．６分の経過時間（酸素送入開始か ら固体燃料の第２部分の装入時点までの経過時間の１５％）内に−４，５５ｍ’ ／分（使用されるガス炭ｋｇあたり約０．２６ｍ！１／分に相当）まで均一に増 大させる。２６゜５ｍ３ （溶融あたりの所要酸素全量の２５重量％に相当）の 酸素量が１０．０分の時間で装入さ九た後、固体炭素含有燃料の第２部分、すな わち５２．。５ｋｇの無煙炭を転炉の中に装入し、酸素を４．５５ｍ：１／分の 速度で送入し続ける。溶融あたりの使用酸素量は］、０６ｍ’である。炭素含有 ｊｉ０．０５％の炭素鋼を得る溶融時間は４１．０分である。溶融鋼の収率は９ １゜１％。Example 9 1100 kg of scrap in the basic oxygen converter (BOF) and 32.5% by weight A first portion of solid carbon-containing fuel containing volatiles of 1.7. ．． 5 kg Gas charcoal (25 layers of total amount of solid carbon-containing fuel required per melt) and then an oxidizing agent containing 95% by weight of oxygen and 5% by weight of nitrogen was added. Start sending. Next, calculate the oxygen delivery rate for the elapsed time of 1.6 minutes (start of oxygen delivery). -4,55 m') within 15% of the elapsed time up to the point of charging the second portion of solid fuel. /min (approximately 0.26m per kg of gas charcoal used!Equivalent to 1/min) Make it bigger. 26゜5m3 (equivalent to 25% by weight of the total amount of oxygen required for melting) After the amount of oxygen has been charged for a time of 10.0 minutes, the second portion of solid carbon-containing fuel, i.e. Wachi 52. . 5 kg of anthracite was charged into the converter, and oxygen was supplied at 4.55 m:1/min. Continue feeding at speed. The amount of oxygen used per melt is 06 m'. carbon content The melting time to obtain carbon steel with a ji of 0.05% is 41.0 minutes. The yield of molten steel is 9 1°1%.
天然ガス送入量は５７ｍ３である。The amount of natural gas fed is 57m3.
工業上の用途 本発明は、塩基性酸素転炉において、金属廃棄物（スクラップ、クロップエンド 、鋳造および機械工作の金属廃棄物）、富鉄ペレット、スポンジ鉄、などの１０ ０％固体金属Ｆｅ−含有材料を含有する装入物を使用する製鋼法に応用する事が できる。industrial applications The present invention uses metal waste (scrap, crop ends) in a basic oxygen converter. , foundry and machining metal waste), rich iron pellets, sponge iron, etc. It can be applied to steel manufacturing processes using a charge containing 0% solid metallic Fe-containing material. can.
国際Ｘ査報告International X-inspection report
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SU1985/000102 WO1987003913A1 (en) | 1985-12-23 | 1985-12-23 | Method of steel production in oxygen converter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63501881A true JPS63501881A (en) | 1988-07-28 |
Family
ID=21616953
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61501540A Pending JPS63501881A (en) | 1985-12-23 | 1985-12-23 | Basic oxygen converter steelmaking method |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63501881A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU582430B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8507316A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3590889C2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2190685B (en) |
| HU (1) | HU199902B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1987003913A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0982407B1 (en) | 1998-08-24 | 2003-01-22 | Alstom | Process for melting inorganic substances |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU442905B (en) * | 1905-10-24 | 1906-11-27 | Allingham John | A vacuum system attachment on rock drills, and air purifier |
| US4198230A (en) * | 1977-05-04 | 1980-04-15 | Eisenwerk-Gesellschaft Maximilianshutte Mbh | Steelmaking process |
| DE2729983B2 (en) * | 1977-07-02 | 1981-02-12 | Eisenwerk-Gesellschaft Maximilianshuette Mbh, 8458 Sulzbach-Rosenberg | Steel making process |
| US4457777A (en) * | 1981-09-07 | 1984-07-03 | British Steel Corporation | Steelmaking |
| DE3226590C1 (en) * | 1982-07-16 | 1983-11-24 | Klöckner-Werke AG, 4100 Duisburg | Process for the production of steel from solid, metallic iron supports |
| SU1125258A1 (en) * | 1983-08-25 | 1984-11-23 | Научно-производственное объединение "Тулачермет" | Method for smelting steel |
-
1985
- 1985-12-23 BR BR8507316A patent/BR8507316A/en unknown
- 1985-12-23 AU AU55858/86A patent/AU582430B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-12-23 GB GB8716836A patent/GB2190685B/en not_active Expired
- 1985-12-23 DE DE19853590889 patent/DE3590889C2/en not_active Expired
- 1985-12-23 DE DE19853590889 patent/DE3590889T1/de active Pending
- 1985-12-23 JP JP61501540A patent/JPS63501881A/en active Pending
- 1985-12-23 HU HU862762A patent/HU199902B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-12-23 WO PCT/SU1985/000102 patent/WO1987003913A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8716836D0 (en) | 1987-08-19 |
| HU199902B (en) | 1990-03-28 |
| DE3590889C2 (en) | 1989-07-06 |
| DE3590889T1 (en) | 1987-11-19 |
| AU5585886A (en) | 1987-07-15 |
| HUT46370A (en) | 1988-10-28 |
| GB2190685B (en) | 1989-11-22 |
| AU582430B2 (en) | 1989-03-23 |
| GB2190685A (en) | 1987-11-25 |
| WO1987003913A1 (en) | 1987-07-02 |
| BR8507316A (en) | 1988-02-09 |
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