JPS6336995A - Flux cored wire for welding 'inconel(r)' alloy - Google Patents

Flux cored wire for welding 'inconel(r)' alloy

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Publication number
JPS6336995A
JPS6336995A JP17869286A JP17869286A JPS6336995A JP S6336995 A JPS6336995 A JP S6336995A JP 17869286 A JP17869286 A JP 17869286A JP 17869286 A JP17869286 A JP 17869286A JP S6336995 A JPS6336995 A JP S6336995A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
welding
wire
flux
inconel
alloy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP17869286A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0452190B2 (en
Inventor
Mitsugi Otani
大谷 貢
Tsukasa Okazaki
岡崎 司
Tsuneo Aihara
相原 常男
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NOF Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Oil and Fats Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Oil and Fats Co Ltd filed Critical Nippon Oil and Fats Co Ltd
Priority to JP17869286A priority Critical patent/JPS6336995A/en
Publication of JPS6336995A publication Critical patent/JPS6336995A/en
Publication of JPH0452190B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0452190B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve welding quality and welding workability by incorporating respectively specific weight % of titanium oxide, carbonate, fluoride, etc. into a flux component and limiting the flux to a prescribed % range of the total weight of a wire. CONSTITUTION:2.5-15% 1 Or >=2 kinds of titanium oxide and titanate, by the total weight of the wire, 0.2-7% carbonate, 0.5-5% SiO2, Al2O3, etc., 0.05-2% fluoride, 0.1-2% Ti, Al, and 1-7% metallic powder are incorporated into the flux component and the amt. of the flux is limited to 10-30% of the total weight of the wire. The titanium oxide component improves the removability of slag and both the carbonate and fluoride prevent the generation of blowholes. The Ti and Al acts as deoxidizing and denitrifying agents. Both the welding quality and workability of welding are, therefore, improved by the above-mentioned method.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、優れた溶接特性を持つインコネル合金の自動
および半自動溶接用7ラツクス入りワイヤに関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a 7-lux cored wire for automatic and semi-automatic welding of Inconel alloys with excellent welding properties.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

従来、インコネル合金による自動あるいは半自動溶接に
おいては、ソリッドワイヤによるミグ溶接が一般的であ
る。また、高ニッケル合金のフラックス入りワイヤは、
特開昭58−6795号公報および特開昭58−132
393号公報に示されているが、いずれも外皮に純Ni
 を使用したものであり、インコネル合金を外皮に用い
たものは知られていない。
Conventionally, in automatic or semi-automatic welding of Inconel alloy, MIG welding using solid wire has been common. In addition, high nickel alloy flux-cored wire is
JP-A-58-6795 and JP-A-58-132
Although it is shown in Publication No. 393, in both cases pure Ni is used in the outer skin.
There are no known ones that use Inconel alloy for the outer skin.

〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

ソリッドワイヤによるミグ溶接はピード表面に硬い酸化
被膜を生じて眉を積ねて溶接する場合は酸化被膜を巻込
み、ブローホール、融合不良、溶接割れなどの原因とな
る。そのために酸化被膜を除去する必要があり、これに
大きな手間を要する。
MIG welding with solid wire produces a hard oxide film on the surface of the bead, and when welding in piles, the oxide film gets rolled up, causing blowholes, poor fusion, weld cracks, etc. For this purpose, it is necessary to remove the oxide film, which requires a great deal of effort.

また、インコネル合金は軟鋼に比較して熱伝導性が悪い
ために下向溶接でのみ使用しており、立向および横向溶
接には適さない。立向および横向溶接に適したティグ溶
接や被覆アーク溶接では能率が悪く、特に被覆アーク溶
接の場合は溶接者の熟練度により溶接部の良否が大巾に
異なる。特開昭58−6795号会報のフラックス入り
ワイヤは潜弧溶接用であシ、別に潜弧用7ラツクスを必
要とし、溶接姿勢も下向専用である。また、特開昭58
−132393号公報の7ラツクス入りワイヤも下向溶
接用であり、外皮がNiであるところから、例えば溶接
スタート部は外皮から先に溶融するため、フラックス中
の合金元素が十分溶融しないうちに凝固するために、溶
接金属が均一にならない口 本発明は、横向および立向姿勢も含めて能率よく溶接で
きると共に、均一で健全な溶接部を得るインコネル合金
溶接用フラックス入りワイヤを提供することを目的とす
る。
Furthermore, since Inconel alloy has poor thermal conductivity compared to mild steel, it is used only for downward welding and is not suitable for vertical or horizontal welding. TIG welding and shielded arc welding, which are suitable for vertical and horizontal welding, are inefficient, and especially in the case of shielded arc welding, the quality of the weld varies widely depending on the skill level of the welder. The flux-cored wire disclosed in JP-A-58-6795 is for submerged arc welding, requires an additional 7 lux for submerged arc welding, and is designed for downward welding only. Also, JP-A-58
The 7-lux-cored wire of Publication No. 132393 is also for downward welding, and since the outer sheath is Ni, for example, the welding start part melts first from the outer sheath, so the alloying elements in the flux solidify before they are sufficiently melted. The object of the present invention is to provide a flux-cored wire for Inconel alloy welding that allows for efficient welding in both horizontal and vertical positions and provides a uniform and sound weld. shall be.

〔問題点を解決するだめの手段〕[Failure to solve the problem]

本発明は、インコネル合金を外皮とする7ラツクス入り
ワイヤであって、フラックスがワイヤ全体の重量に対し
て10〜30%で66.フラックスの成分がワイヤ全体
の重量比で、散化チタ/。
The present invention is a 7-lux cored wire having an outer sheath made of an Inconel alloy, and the flux is 10 to 30% of the total weight of the wire. The flux component is the weight ratio of the entire wire, dispersible tita/.

およびチタン酸塩から選ばれた1種または2種以上z5
〜15%、炭酸塩の1種または2t1以上0゜2〜7%
、5t(h + Altosおよびそれらの化合物から
選ばれた1種または2種以上0.5〜5%、弗化物の1
種または2種以上0.05〜2%%Tiおよびにから選
ばれた1種または2種0.1〜2%、T%、Atを含め
た金属粉末の1種または2種以上1〜7嗟であることを
特徴とするインコネル合金溶接用75ツクス入りワイヤ
である。
and one or more selected from titanates z5
~15%, one type of carbonate or 2t1 or more 0°2~7%
, 5t (h + 0.5-5% of one or more selected from Altos and their compounds, 1% of fluoride
Species or two or more types 0.05 to 2%% Ti and one or two types selected from Ti and 0.1 to 2%, T%, At, one or more metal powders 1 to 7 This is a 75x wire for welding Inconel alloys, which is characterized by its strength.

インコネル合金とは%Nt50重量%以上、C【10〜
25重量%、Mo 0〜18重量%を含有するNt−C
r系合金、Ni −Cr −Fa  系合金およびNi
 −Cr−Mo系合金である。
What is Inconel alloy? %Nt 50% by weight or more, C[10~
Nt-C containing 25% by weight, Mo 0-18% by weight
r-based alloy, Ni-Cr-Fa-based alloy and Ni
-Cr-Mo alloy.

フラックス入りワイヤの外皮にインコネル合金を用いた
のは、溶接金属の均一性を損わないためである。
Inconel alloy was used for the outer sheath of the flux-cored wire in order not to impair the uniformity of the weld metal.

ワイヤに内蔵される7ラツクスは、ワイヤ全体の重量に
対して10〜30%であり、10%未満では溶接中にス
ラグが溶融金属を十分覆うことができなくなり、溶接金
属が酸化したりプローホール、融合不良や溶接割れ等の
欠陥発生の原因となる。また、30チを超えるとスラグ
が多くなりすぎて溶融池を覆う等の問題を生じ、融合不
良やスラグの巻込み等の欠陥を生ずる原因となる。
The 7 lux contained in the wire is 10 to 30% of the total weight of the wire, and if it is less than 10%, the slag will not be able to sufficiently cover the molten metal during welding, resulting in oxidation of the weld metal and protrusion. , causing defects such as poor fusion and weld cracks. Moreover, if it exceeds 30 inches, there will be too much slag, causing problems such as covering the molten pool, and causing defects such as poor fusion and slag entrainment.

亀 酸化チタンおよびチタン#!ρ1種または2種以上をワ
イヤの重量比で25〜15%用いるが、25チ未満では
凝固後のスラグの剥離が悪くなり、15%を超えるとス
ラグの量が多くなり、4IK開先内での溶接作業性を悪
化させる。チタン酸塩としては1例えばCaTiOs 
+  BaTiOs e Na*Tiσ1LizTiO
薯r KgTiO畠等がある。
Titanium Turmeric Oxide and Titanium #! One or more types of ρ are used in a weight ratio of 25 to 15% of the wire, but if it is less than 25 inches, the peeling of the slag after solidification will be poor, and if it exceeds 15%, the amount of slag will increase, and it will not work in the 4IK groove. Deteriorates welding workability. Examples of titanate include 1, e.g. CaTiOs.
+ BaTiOs e Na*Tiσ1LizTiO
There is also KgTiO Hatake et al.

炭酸塩の1種または2種以上をワイヤの重量比で0.2
〜7%用いるが、これらはスラグの流動性を改善して溶
接金属と母材のなじみを良くするのでピードの形状も良
好になる。また開先内での溶接において、スラグの溶融
池へのかぶりを防止し、スラグを脆くして除去し易くす
る。さらに1溶接熱によって分解した炭tRガスが大気
を遮断し、溶接金属の酸化やブローホール等の発生を防
止し、スラグ形成剤としても溶接金属を保護する。0,
2−未満ではその効果が期待できず、7%を超えるとス
パッタが多発するだけでなく、溶接金属中の炭素が増加
して耐食性や靭性を悪化させる。炭酸塩としては、例え
ばLizCOs +  Bacon + CaC0m 
*Na5CO@ r  5rCO1e MnC0a r
 MgCO5等がある。
The weight ratio of one or more carbonates to the wire is 0.2.
~7% is used, but these improve the fluidity of the slag and improve the compatibility between the weld metal and the base metal, resulting in a good bead shape. In addition, during welding within a groove, it prevents slag from covering the molten pool and makes the slag brittle so that it can be easily removed. Furthermore, the carbon tR gas decomposed by the welding heat blocks the atmosphere, prevents oxidation of the weld metal and the generation of blowholes, and also protects the weld metal as a slag forming agent. 0,
If it is less than 2%, no effect can be expected, and if it exceeds 7%, not only will spatter occur frequently, but also carbon in the weld metal will increase, deteriorating corrosion resistance and toughness. As the carbonate, for example, LizCOs + Bacon + CaC0m
*Na5CO@r 5rCO1e MnC0a r
There are MgCO5 etc.

そして、好ましくはLi 2 CowおよびNa!cO
sの1種または2種をワイヤの重量比で061〜3%、
その他の炭酸塩を0,1〜4%使用する。
And preferably Li 2 Cow and Na! cO
061 to 3% by weight of wire of one or two types of s,
Use 0.1-4% of other carbonates.

5i(h h A1.*Omまたはそれらの化合物から
選ばれた1種または2種以上をワイヤの重量比で0.5
〜5%用いるが、それらは「資化チタン、チタン酸塩と
共にアークを安定化し、スラグの粘性を調整して湯流れ
をよくするだけでなく、溶接金属表面に光沢を与える。
5i (h h A1.*Om or one or more selected from these compounds at a wire weight ratio of 0.5
~5% is used, and they not only stabilize the arc together with assimilated titanium and titanate, adjust the viscosity of the slag and improve the flow of the metal, but also give gloss to the surface of the weld metal.

0.5チ未満ではその効果が期待できず、5%を超える
とスラグが硬化して、特に開先内ではスラグの除去が困
難になる。5i02またはAtzOsの化合物としては
1例えばマイカ、タルク、ベントナイト、カリ長石等が
ある。
If it is less than 0.5%, no effect can be expected, and if it exceeds 5%, the slag will harden and it will be difficult to remove the slag, especially within the groove. Examples of compounds of 5i02 or AtzOs include mica, talc, bentonite, potassium feldspar, and the like.

弗化物のtmtたは2種以上をワイヤの重量比で0.0
5〜2%用いるが、これらの弗化物は溶接時にワイヤの
溶滴が溶融池に移行する過程で溶接熱により分解し、弗
素系ガスを発生し、移行する溶滴や溶融池の近傍をシー
ルドするので溶接金属のブローホールや割れの発生を防
止する。0.05係未満ではその効果が期待できず、2
係を超えるとスパッタや弗素系ガスが多くなり溶接作業
性を悪化させる。弗化物としては、例えば、CaF2+
Na5klFe r KzSiFs + K2TiFg
 +  BaF21 CeF2 +に2ZrF6. M
gF2r A1.Fa  等がある。
TMT or 2 or more types of fluoride at wire weight ratio of 0.0
These fluorides are used at a rate of 5 to 2%, but during welding, these fluorides decompose due to welding heat during the process of wire droplets transferring to the molten pool, generating fluorine-based gas, and shielding the area near the transferring droplets and molten pool. This prevents blowholes and cracks in the weld metal. If the ratio is less than 0.05, the effect cannot be expected;
If the temperature exceeds the limit, spatter and fluorine-based gas will increase, worsening welding workability. Examples of fluorides include CaF2+
Na5klFe r KzSiFs + K2TiFg
+ BaF21 CeF2 + 2ZrF6. M
gF2r A1. There are Fa etc.

TjおよびAlから選ばれた1種または2種をワイヤの
重量比で0.1〜2%を用いる。これらは強力な脱、俊
、脱窒剤としてブローホールや溶接割れを防止する。0
.1%未満ではその効果が期待できず、2%を超えると
スラグの粘性が高くなりすぎて、立向および横向姿勢で
の溶接が困難になると共にビット、ブローホール等が発
生する。
One or two selected from Tj and Al are used in an amount of 0.1 to 2% by weight of the wire. These are powerful denitrifying, denitrifying, and denitrifying agents that prevent blowholes and weld cracks. 0
.. If it is less than 1%, no effect can be expected, and if it exceeds 2%, the viscosity of the slag becomes too high, making it difficult to weld in vertical and horizontal positions, and causing bits, blowholes, etc.

金属粉末は前記Ti、AIZを含めてワイヤの重量比で
1〜7%を用いる。Ti、At以外の金属粉末は、一般
に溶接時の酸化消耗の補充として、あるいは合金元素を
フラックスから添加するために用いられる。金属粉末の
合計が1%未満では合金元素の酸化消耗に対する補充が
不足し、7チを超えると金属粉末以外のフラックス原料
とのバランスが悪くなり、溶接作業性を悪化させる。T
i、g以外の金属粉末としては、例えばCr + Ni
 、 Mo+Nb+  Mn+ Co、V等がある。
The metal powder, including the aforementioned Ti and AIZ, is used in an amount of 1 to 7% by weight of the wire. Metal powders other than Ti and At are generally used to supplement oxidation consumption during welding or to add alloying elements from flux. If the total amount of metal powder is less than 1%, there will be insufficient replenishment for the oxidative consumption of alloying elements, and if it exceeds 7%, the balance with flux raw materials other than metal powder will be poor, resulting in poor welding workability. T
Examples of metal powders other than i and g include Cr + Ni
, Mo+Nb+ Mn+ Co, V, etc.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

本発明のインコネル合金溶接用フラックス人シワイヤの
効果については以下のとおりでらる。
The effects of the flux shear wire for welding Inconel alloys of the present invention are as follows.

(1)外皮にインコネル合金を使用したことによりフラ
ックスから多量の合金元素を添加しなくてもよいので、
溶接スタート部から終端部まで均一な溶接金属が得られ
るだめ、欠陥を生じに〈<、安定した溶接部が得られる
(1) By using Inconel alloy for the outer skin, there is no need to add large amounts of alloying elements from flux.
Since uniform weld metal can be obtained from the welding start part to the welding end part, a stable welded part can be obtained without defects.

(2)下向姿勢だけでなく、立向および横向姿勢におい
ても優れた作業性やビード形状が得られる。
(2) Excellent workability and bead shape can be obtained not only in the downward position but also in the vertical and horizontal positions.

(3)溶着金属および溶接金属の機械的性質は、従来の
被覆アーク溶接棒やミグ溶接と同等あるいはそれ以上で
ある。
(3) The mechanical properties of the deposited metal and weld metal are equivalent to or better than those of conventional coated arc welding rods and MIG welding.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

本発明を実施例により説明する。外皮として使用したイ
ンコネル合金のストリップは表1に示す化学成分で、寸
法は0.25 X 8 mmである。HlはNi −C
r −Fe 系のインコネル合金であり、I(2はNi
 −Cr−Mo系のインコネル合金である。使用したフ
ラックスは表2に示すF1〜F4の4種類であり、配合
割合はワイヤ全体に対する重t%で表わしたものである
The present invention will be explained by examples. The Inconel alloy strip used as the skin had the chemical composition shown in Table 1 and had dimensions of 0.25 x 8 mm. Hl is Ni-C
It is an r -Fe-based Inconel alloy, and I (2 is Ni
-Cr-Mo based Inconel alloy. The fluxes used were four types, F1 to F4 shown in Table 2, and the blending ratio was expressed in weight t% with respect to the entire wire.

フラックスとストリップとの組合せは表3のとおりとし
、冷間ロール成形方式によってワイヤW1〜W4をワイ
ヤ径1,2酎に、ワイヤW5〜W8をワイヤ径1.6咽
に製造した。
The combinations of flux and strips were as shown in Table 3, and wires W1 to W4 were manufactured to wire diameters of 1.2 mm and wires W5 to W8 were manufactured to wire diameters of 1.6 mm by cold roll forming.

各々のワイヤを、溶着金属の分析試験片および機械試貌
片は下向姿勢で表4の溶接条件により、立向溶接試験は
V型開光の異材継手を上進により表5の溶接条件で、横
向肉盛溶接試験は母材に5S41(寸法50 mm t
 X 300 mm X 400 mm ) f用いて
表6の溶接条件で各々行なった。なお、立向溶接試験の
母材はS U S 304とCr  No鋼板厚25m
mの突合せ継手を使用し、開先形状はV型、fJ先内角
1i60’ 、ルートフェース2間、ルート間隔2wn
、裏当てなしとした。
Each wire was tested under the welding conditions shown in Table 4 in a downward position for the weld metal analysis test piece and the mechanical test piece, and under the welding conditions shown in Table 5 for the vertical welding test by moving a V-shaped dissimilar metal joint upward. In the horizontal overlay welding test, the base material was 5S41 (dimensions 50 mm t
Each welding was carried out under the welding conditions shown in Table 6 using 300 mm x 400 mm. The base materials for the vertical welding test were SUS 304 and Cr No steel plate with a thickness of 25 m.
m butt joint is used, the groove shape is V-shaped, the internal angle of fJ tip is 1i60', the distance between root faces is 2, and the root spacing is 2wn.
, without backing.

(1)溶着金属の化学成分の評価は、インコネル合金溶
接用フラックス入りワイヤとしての規格がないので、A
WS  ERNiCr−3およびAWSERNicrM
o−3のワイヤ規格と比較したところ、これらの規格に
満足する結果を得た。化学成分分析結果は表7に、機械
的性質は表8に示した。
(1) Evaluation of the chemical composition of the weld metal is A.
WS ERNiCr-3 and AWSERNicrM
When compared with O-3 wire standards, results satisfying these standards were obtained. The chemical component analysis results are shown in Table 7, and the mechanical properties are shown in Table 8.

(2)立向溶接試験は立向上進によって行なった。(2) The vertical welding test was conducted by advancing vertically.

結果は表9に示すが、スラグの巻込み、融合不良、ブロ
ーホール等の溶接欠陥は認められず、ビード外観は滑ら
かで良好なものであった。継手曲げ試論も割れは認めら
れず優れた強度と伸びを示し、継手引張試験は全てCr
−Mo鋼側の母(オ破断であった。
The results are shown in Table 9, and no welding defects such as slag entrainment, poor fusion, or blowholes were observed, and the bead appearance was smooth and good. No cracks were observed in the joint bending test, showing excellent strength and elongation, and all joint tensile tests were conducted using Cr.
- Mother of Mo steel side (O fractured).

(3)横向肉盛溶接試験の結果は表10に示すが、スラ
グの巻込み、融合不良、ブローホール等の溶接欠陥は認
められず、ビード外観も良好で、曲げ試′倹についても
浸れた延性を示した。
(3) The results of the lateral overlay welding test are shown in Table 10, and no welding defects such as slag entrainment, poor fusion, or blowholes were observed, the bead appearance was good, and the bending test was also satisfactory. It showed ductility.

表2 フラックスの配合割合(重1t%)表3 ストリ
ップとフラックスの組合せ表4 溶着金属の分析試験片
および 機械試験片の溶接条件(下向姿勢) 表5 立向溶接試験の溶接条件
Table 2 Mixing ratio of flux (weight 1t%) Table 3 Combination of strip and flux Table 4 Welding conditions for weld metal analysis test piece and mechanical test piece (downward position) Table 5 Welding conditions for vertical welding test

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] インコネルを外皮とするフラックス入りワイヤであつて
、フラックスがワイヤ全体の重量に対して10〜30%
であり、フラックスの成分がワイヤ全体の重量比で、酸
化チタンおよびチタン酸塩から選ばれた1種または2種
以上2.5〜15%、炭酸塩の1種または2種以上0.
2〜7%、SiO_2、Al_2O_3およびそれらの
化合物から選ばれた1種または2種以上0.5〜5%、
弗化物の1種または2種以上0.05〜2%、Tiおよ
びAlから選ばれた1種または2種0.1〜2%、Ti
およびAlを含めた金属粉末の1種または2種以上1〜
7%であることを特徴とするインコネル合金溶接用フラ
ックス入りワイヤ。
A flux-cored wire with an outer sheath of Inconel, in which the flux is 10 to 30% of the weight of the entire wire.
The components of the flux are 2.5 to 15% of one or more selected from titanium oxide and titanates, and 0.2 to 15% of one or more selected from carbonates, based on the weight ratio of the entire wire.
2 to 7%, 0.5 to 5% of one or more selected from SiO_2, Al_2O_3 and their compounds;
0.05-2% of one or more fluorides, 0.1-2% of one or two selected from Ti and Al, Ti
and one or more metal powders including Al
A flux-cored wire for welding Inconel alloy, characterized by having a flux-cored wire of 7%.
JP17869286A 1986-07-31 1986-07-31 Flux cored wire for welding 'inconel(r)' alloy Granted JPS6336995A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP17869286A JPS6336995A (en) 1986-07-31 1986-07-31 Flux cored wire for welding 'inconel(r)' alloy

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP17869286A JPS6336995A (en) 1986-07-31 1986-07-31 Flux cored wire for welding 'inconel(r)' alloy

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6336995A true JPS6336995A (en) 1988-02-17
JPH0452190B2 JPH0452190B2 (en) 1992-08-21

Family

ID=16052878

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP17869286A Granted JPS6336995A (en) 1986-07-31 1986-07-31 Flux cored wire for welding 'inconel(r)' alloy

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6336995A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2796398A1 (en) * 1999-07-12 2001-01-19 Pechiney Electrometallurgie Coating for calcium particle wire treating molten steel, comprises mineral powder with solid microparticles amounting to small percentage of final mixture

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2796398A1 (en) * 1999-07-12 2001-01-19 Pechiney Electrometallurgie Coating for calcium particle wire treating molten steel, comprises mineral powder with solid microparticles amounting to small percentage of final mixture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0452190B2 (en) 1992-08-21

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