JPS63310550A - Low voltage electrodeless discharge lamp - Google Patents

Low voltage electrodeless discharge lamp

Info

Publication number
JPS63310550A
JPS63310550A JP63134530A JP13453088A JPS63310550A JP S63310550 A JPS63310550 A JP S63310550A JP 63134530 A JP63134530 A JP 63134530A JP 13453088 A JP13453088 A JP 13453088A JP S63310550 A JPS63310550 A JP S63310550A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
discharge lamp
lamp
pressure discharge
lead
electrodeless low
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP63134530A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2598459B2 (en
Inventor
ウイガート・クローンティー
ウイレム・ヨハネス・ファン・デン・ボヘルト
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV filed Critical Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Publication of JPS63310550A publication Critical patent/JPS63310550A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2598459B2 publication Critical patent/JP2598459B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J65/00Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
    • H01J65/04Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。
(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は気密に封着され、金属蒸気と稀ガスとを充填し
たランプ容器を有する放電灯であって、該放電灯は磁性
材料のコアを有しており、放電灯の動作中はコアを包囲
している巻線と、これに接続してある高周波電流供給ユ
ニットによってランプ容器内に電界を発生する如くし、
さらに透明導電層をランプ容器の内側に設け、かつこの
透明導電層をランプ容器壁に設けたリードスルー部材に
よってランプ容器の外側に位置する電気導体に接続して
ある無電極低圧放電灯に関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a discharge lamp having a hermetically sealed lamp vessel filled with metal vapor and a rare gas, the discharge lamp having a core of magnetic material, During operation of the electric lamp, an electric field is generated within the lamp vessel by a winding surrounding the core and a high-frequency current supply unit connected to the winding,
Furthermore, it relates to an electrodeless low-pressure discharge lamp in which a transparent conductive layer is provided inside the lamp vessel, and this transparent conductive layer is connected to an electrical conductor located outside the lamp vessel by a lead-through member provided on the wall of the lamp vessel. be.

この種放電灯は日本国公開特許昭53−4,382号(
特願昭51−78.660号)により既知である。
This type of discharge lamp is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-4,382 (
This method is known from Japanese Patent Application No. 1978-78.660).

この既知の放電灯においては高周波妨害電流が主電゛源
に混入することを防止するためランプ容器の内側に透明
導電層が設けである。この導電層はランプ容器の壁内に
設けた棒状のリードスルー部材に接続してある。米国特
許第4.568,859号に記載されているように、前
述の導電層を主電源への供給線の1つに接続し前述のよ
うな妨害電流を減少させるのが有利であることが判明し
ている。
In this known discharge lamp, a transparent conductive layer is provided on the inside of the lamp vessel in order to prevent high-frequency interference currents from entering the main power supply. This conductive layer is connected to a rod-shaped lead-through member provided within the wall of the lamp vessel. As described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,568,859, it may be advantageous to connect the aforementioned conductive layer to one of the supply lines to the mains to reduce such disturbance currents. It's clear.

妨害の最大許容値に加えられる標準を満足させるだめに
は、前述の導電層を比較的厚くする必要がある。これは
放電灯の光出力に悪影響を与えるので欠点となる。さら
にこのように比較的に厚い層を設けることは技術的に難
しくかつコストもよけいかかることとなる。
In order to meet the standards imposed on maximum permissible disturbances, the aforementioned conductive layers must be relatively thick. This is a disadvantage since it adversely affects the light output of the discharge lamp. Moreover, providing such a relatively thick layer is technically difficult and costly.

本発明の目的は上述の如き欠点をなくし、かつ妨害を減
少するための標準を満足させるような無電極低圧放電灯
を得るにある。
The object of the invention is to obtain an electrodeless low-pressure discharge lamp which eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages and which satisfies the standards for reducing disturbances.

上述の如き本発明の無電極低圧放電灯は、リードスルー
部材をランプ容器の内側周縁の少な(とも大部分にわた
って延長されている導電材料の接触部材に電気的に接続
し、かつその長さのほとんどにわたって透明導電層に電
気的に接続することを特徴とする。
In the electrodeless low-pressure discharge lamp of the present invention as described above, the lead-through member is electrically connected to a contact member made of a conductive material that extends over a small (or most) of the inner periphery of the lamp vessel, and It is characterized by being electrically connected to the transparent conductive layer over most of the area.

接触部材は電気導体を通じ主電源の供給電線の1つに接
続するのが好都合である。本発明によれば主電源の高周
波電気妨害は従来の標準より温かに低い値に減少させう
ることが判明した。これは接触部材がほとんどその全長
にわたり透明導電層に電気的に接触しているからである
。さらに単に一個所のみで電気接触を形成するもの(上
述の日本特許出願に記載された放電灯における場合)に
比較して、本発明によると数倍も妨害抑圧が可能である
ことが判明した。接触部材を使用することにより透明導
電層の厚さを大幅に減少させることができる。これは放
電灯の光出力の増加に貢献する0本発明の実施例では接
触部材を導電材料の条片とする。この条片と透明導電層
は夫々互いの上側に容易に形成することができる。この
条片はランプ容器の封着部材に封着する個所の掻く近く
に位置するランプ容器の下側に設けたリードスルー部材
の直近位置に設ける。このような位置においてランプ容
器は一般に円筒形部分を有しているので条片も実際上環
状(リング状)となる、低圧水銀蒸気放電灯においては
放電灯により発生される紫外線放射を可視光線に変換す
るため上述の透明導電層上に発光層を設ける。
Conveniently, the contact member is connected to one of the mains supply lines through an electrical conductor. It has been found that, according to the invention, high frequency electrical disturbances in the mains supply can be reduced to values that are significantly lower than in previous standards. This is because the contact member is in electrical contact with the transparent conductive layer over almost its entire length. Furthermore, it has been found that the present invention allows several times more interference suppression than in the discharge lamp where electrical contact is made only at one point (as is the case in the discharge lamp described in the above-mentioned Japanese patent application). By using contact members, the thickness of the transparent conductive layer can be significantly reduced. This contributes to increasing the light output of the discharge lamp. In an embodiment of the invention, the contact member is a strip of electrically conductive material. The strip and the transparent conductive layer can each be easily formed on top of each other. This strip is provided in close proximity to the lead-through member provided on the underside of the lamp container, close to the point where it is sealed to the sealing member of the lamp container. In such a position, the lamp vessel generally has a cylindrical part, so that the strip is actually annular (ring-shaped). A light-emitting layer is provided on the above-mentioned transparent conductive layer for conversion.

上述のような導電条片を使用することは極めて簡単な手
段でリードスルー部材に対し確実な接続が得られるとい
う利点を生ずる(リードスルー部材は例えばクロム、鉄
、ニッケルの合金の線としランプ容器の壁部に設ける)
The use of conductive strips as described above has the advantage that a reliable connection to the lead-through element can be obtained in a very simple manner (for example, the lead-through element may be a wire of a chromium, iron, or nickel alloy) and the lamp vessel. (installed on the wall)
.

条片はアルミニウムで作ると好都合である。他の金属に
比較してこの材料は蒸着工程によって比   ゛較的に
簡単にランプ容器の内側に設けることかできる。
Advantageously, the strip is made of aluminum. Compared to other metals, this material can be relatively easily applied to the inside of the lamp vessel by a vapor deposition process.

他の実施例では接触部材を透明導電層にもたれさせであ
る導線で形成する。このような環状の線は製造中極めて
容易にこれを取付けることができる。アマルガムに対す
るホルダーの如き補助部材をこの線に取付けることも可
能である。この線は例えばランプ容器壁部内の溝内に位
置させることができる0次いでこの線を正しくその位置
を保持し導電層に対し信鯨ある電気接触を形成させるこ
とができる。これはt!aを弾性材料で構成したときに
特にこれが当てはまる。
In other embodiments, the contact member is formed from a conductive wire that leans against the transparent conductive layer. Such an annular wire can be installed very easily during manufacture. It is also possible to attach auxiliary elements to this line, such as holders for the amalgam. This wire can be placed, for example, in a groove in the wall of the lamp vessel, and then the wire can be held in its correct position to form a reliable electrical contact with the conductive layer. This is t! This is especially true when a is constructed from an elastic material.

また特定の例ではリードスル、一部材をランプ容器を封
着する封着部材の排気管の端部に気密に設はリードスル
ー部材の端部を接触部材に固定する。
In a particular example, the lead-through member is airtightly disposed at the end of the exhaust pipe of the sealing member for sealing the lamp vessel, and the end of the lead-through member is fixed to the contact member.

放電灯を製造するにあたりこのリードスルー部材は排気
管の端部に簡単に固定することができる。
When manufacturing a discharge lamp, this lead-through member can be easily fixed to the end of an exhaust pipe.

リードスルー部材は例えばクロム、鉄、ニッケルの合金
の線としその端部を接触条片に溶着させる。
The lead-through member may be, for example, a chromium-iron-nickel alloy wire whose ends are welded to the contact strip.

本発明による放電灯は例えば発光電極のない低圧水銀蒸
気放電灯である。この種放電灯は一般照明用の白熱電球
の代替品として使用される。
The discharge lamp according to the invention is, for example, a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp without a light-emitting electrode. This type of discharge lamp is used as a replacement for incandescent light bulbs for general lighting.

1隻貫 以下図面により本発明を説明する。1 piece The present invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings.

第1図に示す放電灯はガラスバルブの形態のランプ容器
lを有しこれには水銀蒸気と稀ガス(例えばアルゴン7
01a圧力)を充填する。このランプ容器をガラス封着
部材2に気密に封着する。ガラス封着部材は凹入部3を
有しておりそのなかにはフェライトのような磁性材料の
棒状コア4を収容している。高周波電気供給ユニット6
に接続した巻線5をコア4の周に設ける。このユニット
6は一部が円筒形な薄肉合成材料7の壁部内に収容しこ
の合成材料部分7はランプ容器に糊着しその端部にはラ
ンプキャップ8を設ける。放電灯の動作中高周波電界が
ランプ容器内に発生する。
The discharge lamp shown in FIG. 1 has a lamp vessel l in the form of a glass bulb containing mercury vapor and a rare gas (for example
01a pressure). This lamp container is hermetically sealed to the glass sealing member 2. The glass sealing member has a recess 3 in which a rod-shaped core 4 of a magnetic material such as ferrite is accommodated. High frequency electricity supply unit 6
A winding 5 connected to the core 4 is provided around the core 4. The unit 6 is housed in the wall of a partially cylindrical thin synthetic material 7, the synthetic material part 7 being glued to the lamp vessel and provided with a lamp cap 8 at its end. During operation of a discharge lamp, a high frequency electric field is generated within the lamp vessel.

放電灯のランプ容器1にはワイヤ形状またはピン形状の
金属のリードスルー部材lOを設ける。このリードスル
ー部材10は導線11を通じてランプキャップ8に接続
されている。この放電灯のランプをホルダーに配置する
ときはこれによって主電源への接続線の一方の接続を行
う、このリードスルー部材10は、例えばアルミニウム
の如き導電性の接触条片への接続を行う、この接触条片
はバルブ形状のランプ容器のネック部の内側に位置し、
このランプ容器の内周にわたりリング状(環状)に延長
されている。(このリング形状は閉じた形状とする必要
はない、)この接触条片はその全長にわたり透明導電層
13と接触する。この層13はバルブ形状ランプ容器の
内周全体にわたって延長されて設けられている。この層
を図面では点線で示してある。
A lamp vessel 1 of a discharge lamp is provided with a wire-shaped or pin-shaped metal lead-through member IO. This lead-through member 10 is connected to the lamp cap 8 through a conductive wire 11. When the lamp of the discharge lamp is placed in the holder, it provides one connection of the connection line to the mains supply; this lead-through element 10 provides a connection to an electrically conductive contact strip, for example of aluminum; This contact strip is located inside the neck of the bulb-shaped lamp vessel;
It extends in a ring shape over the inner periphery of the lamp container. (This ring shape does not have to be a closed shape) This contact strip contacts the transparent conductive layer 13 over its entire length. This layer 13 extends over the entire inner circumference of the bulb-shaped lamp vessel. This layer is indicated by dotted lines in the drawing.

リードスルー部材lOはクロム、鉄、ニッケルの合金等
を有しており、封着ガラスによって固定してある。上述
の合金の膨張率はガラスの膨張率にほぼ対応し、これと
ともに満足に膨張収縮を行うものとする。
The lead-through member IO is made of an alloy of chromium, iron, nickel, etc., and is fixed with sealing glass. It is assumed that the expansion coefficient of the above-mentioned alloy corresponds approximately to that of glass and that it expands and contracts satisfactorily therewith.

本発明では上述の如く主供給電源の供給線の1つに接続
してあるため主電源への高周波電気の妨害は放電灯の動
作中においても従前の標準以下のものとなる。
In the present invention, since the lamp is connected to one of the supply lines of the main power supply as described above, the interference of high frequency electricity to the main power supply is less than the previous standard even during operation of the discharge lamp.

さらにランプ容器の内側には放電を囲むように3つのア
ルミニウムの導体リング14.15.16を設けである
。これらのリングを設けであるため放電灯は磁気妨害源
として動作することなく、従って主電源に妨害を誘起す
ることもない。
Furthermore, three aluminum conductor rings 14, 15, 16 are provided inside the lamp vessel to surround the discharge. Due to the provision of these rings, the discharge lamp does not act as a source of magnetic disturbances and therefore does not induce disturbances in the mains supply.

これらのリングは始めに比較的に広い幅のアルミニウム
を(厚さ約2μ)ランプ容器の内側全周にわたって蒸着
工程により設け、この条片の1部を外側よりのレーザー
ビームの照射により除去して3つのリングを形成する。
These rings were first made by depositing a relatively wide strip of aluminum (approximately 2 microns thick) all around the inside of the lamp vessel through a vapor deposition process, and then removing part of this strip by irradiating it with a laser beam from the outside. Form three rings.

これに次いで透明導電層を設ける。This is followed by a transparent conductive layer.

第2図の実施例において第1図と同じ部分は第1図と同
じ番号で示してある。この例ではワイヤー形状りiトス
ル一部材18を封着部材内に固定してある排気管19の
端部に設けである。このワイヤーの端部を電気的に導電
接触条片12に接続する。
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the same parts as in FIG. 1 are designated by the same numbers as in FIG. In this example, a wire-shaped torsion member 18 is provided at the end of an exhaust pipe 19 fixed within a sealing member. The end of this wire is electrically connected to the conductive contact strip 12.

ワイヤー14の前述の接続点より僅かな距離をおいてラ
ンプ容器1の壁部にガラスリード20でこれを固定する
。ワイヤー14と条片12との電気的接続には機械的な
負荷がほとんど加わらないようにする。
This is fixed to the wall of the lamp vessel 1 with a glass lead 20 at a slight distance from the above-mentioned connection point of the wire 14. The electrical connection between the wire 14 and the strip 12 is subjected to almost no mechanical load.

上述した本発明による放電灯の実際の例は約17−の電
力を消費し、光出力は約1200ルーメンである。放電
灯のランプ容器の外径は約7cmであり、ランプの全長
は約15c■である0条片12の幅は約51−であり管
の周にわたって測定したその長さは約12c■であった
0条片12をその全周にわたって導電層12に接触させ
ることによる妨害の抑制はリードスルー部材を一個所で
導電層13に接続してある従来のランプに比較して12
dBIIVだけ低い値であった。
A practical example of a discharge lamp according to the invention described above consumes about 17 - of power and has a light output of about 1200 lumens. The outer diameter of the lamp vessel of the discharge lamp is about 7 cm, the total length of the lamp is about 15 cm. The width of the zero strip 12 is about 51 cm, and its length, measured around the circumference of the tube, is about 12 cm. The suppression of interference by having the strip 12 in contact with the conductive layer 12 over its entire circumference is 12 times lower than in conventional lamps in which the lead-through member is connected to the conductive layer 13 at one point.
The value was lower by dBIIV.

この放電灯のランプ容器は導電層13上に発光層を設け
てあり、この発光層は緑色に発光するテリビウムで活性
化したアルミン酸マグネシウムセリウム蛍光体と赤色に
発光する三価ユウロピウムで活性化した酸化イツトリウ
ム蛍光体の混合物を有している。この層13はランプ容
器の壁に塩化錫と少量のフッ化アンモニウムをブチルア
セテート内に入れた溶液により堆積により形成される。
The lamp vessel of this discharge lamp is provided with a light-emitting layer on a conductive layer 13, and this light-emitting layer is activated with terbium-activated magnesium cerium aluminate phosphor that emits green light and trivalent europium that emits red light. It has a mixture of yttrium oxide phosphors. This layer 13 is formed on the wall of the lamp vessel by deposition of a solution of tin chloride and a small amount of ammonium fluoride in butyl acetate.

これに次いで形成された層はフッ素をドープした酸化錫
の層を形成しこれは厚さ0.4μmとしその平方光たり
抵抗は約20Ωである。放電灯の動作周波数は約2.6
5MI!2である。
The next layer formed is a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer having a thickness of 0.4 .mu.m and a square optical resistance of about 20 ohms. The operating frequency of a discharge lamp is approximately 2.6
5MI! It is 2.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明による無電極低圧水銀蒸気放電灯の一部
を断面とした側面図、 第2図は本発明の他の実施例を示す部分的断面図である
。 1・・・ランプ容器 2・・・ガラス封着部材 3・・・凹入部 4・・・コア 5・・・巻線 6・・・供給導線 7・・・合成樹脂部 8・・・ランプキャップ 10、18 ・・・リードスルー 11・・・導線 12・・・接触条片 13・・・透明導電層 14、15.16・・・通電リング 19・・・排気管 20・・・ガラスビード 特許  出 願 人  エヌ・ベー・フィリップス・フ
ルーイランベンファブリケン
FIG. 1 is a partially sectional side view of an electrodeless low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partially sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention. 1... Lamp container 2... Glass sealing member 3... Recessed part 4... Core 5... Winding wire 6... Supply conductor 7... Synthetic resin part 8... Lamp cap 10, 18...Lead through 11...Conducting wire 12...Contact strip 13...Transparent conductive layer 14, 15.16...Electrifying ring 19...Exhaust pipe 20...Glass bead patent Applicant: NV Philips Fluiranbenfabriken

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1、気密に封着され、金属蒸気と稀ガスとを充填したラ
ンプ容器を有する放電灯であって、該放電灯は磁性材料
のコアを有しており、放電灯の動作中はコアを包囲して
いる巻線と、これに接続してある高周波電流供給ユニッ
トによってランプ容器内に電界を発生する如くし、さら
に透明導電層をランプ容器の内側に設け、かつこの透明
導電層をランプ容器壁に設けたリードスルー部材によっ
てランプ容器の外側に位置する電気導体に接続してある
無電極低圧放電灯において、 リードスルー部材をランプ容器の内側周縁 の少なくとも大部分にわたって延長されている導電材料
の接触部材に電気的に接続し、かつその長さのほとんど
にわたって透明導電層に電気的に接続することを特徴と
する無電極低圧放電灯。 2、接触部材を導電材料の条片とした請求項1記載の無
電極低圧放電灯。 3、接触条片がアルミニウムを具えてなる請求項2記載
の無電極低圧放電灯。 4、接触部材を透明導電層に衝接している導線とした請
求項1記載の無電極低圧放電灯。 5、前記導線をランプ容器の壁部内の溝内に配置した請
求項4記載の無電極低圧放電灯。 6、前記導線を弾性材料で構成した請求項4または5記
載の無電極低圧放電灯。 7、ランプ容器を封着している封着部材の排気管の端部
内にリードスルー部材を気密に内蔵させ、リードスルー
部材の端部を接触部材に固定させた請求項1ないし6項
のいずれかに記載の無電極低圧放電灯。 8、リードスルー部材を接触部材の接続点よりある一定
の距離をおいてランプ容器の内側に固着させた請求項7
記載の無電極低圧放電灯。
[Claims] 1. A discharge lamp having a lamp vessel hermetically sealed and filled with metal vapor and rare gas, the discharge lamp having a core of magnetic material, During operation, an electric field is generated within the lamp vessel by a winding surrounding the core and a high-frequency current supply unit connected to it, and a transparent conductive layer is provided inside the lamp vessel, and this transparent conductive layer is provided inside the lamp vessel. In an electrodeless low-pressure discharge lamp in which the conductive layer is connected to an electrical conductor located outside the lamp vessel by a lead-through member provided on the wall of the lamp vessel, the lead-through member extends over at least a large part of the inner periphery of the lamp vessel. 1. An electrodeless low-pressure discharge lamp, characterized in that the lamp is electrically connected to a contact member of a conductive material which is connected to the transparent conductive layer over most of its length. 2. The electrodeless low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 1, wherein the contact member is a strip of conductive material. 3. The electrodeless low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 2, wherein the contact strip comprises aluminum. 4. The electrodeless low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 1, wherein the contact member is a conductive wire in contact with the transparent conductive layer. 5. The electrodeless low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 4, wherein the conductive wire is disposed in a groove in a wall of the lamp vessel. 6. The electrodeless low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the conducting wire is made of an elastic material. 7. Any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the lead-through member is airtightly built into the end of the exhaust pipe of the sealing member that seals the lamp container, and the end of the lead-through member is fixed to the contact member. An electrodeless low-pressure discharge lamp described in Crab. 8. Claim 7, wherein the lead-through member is fixed to the inside of the lamp container at a certain distance from the connection point of the contact member.
The electrodeless low-pressure discharge lamp described.
JP63134530A 1987-06-05 1988-06-02 Electrodeless low pressure discharge lamp Expired - Fee Related JP2598459B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8701315 1987-06-05
NL8701315A NL8701315A (en) 1987-06-05 1987-06-05 ELECTRESSLESS LOW PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMP.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS63310550A true JPS63310550A (en) 1988-12-19
JP2598459B2 JP2598459B2 (en) 1997-04-09

Family

ID=19850105

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP63134530A Expired - Fee Related JP2598459B2 (en) 1987-06-05 1988-06-02 Electrodeless low pressure discharge lamp

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4940923A (en)
EP (1) EP0294004B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2598459B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3865100D1 (en)
NL (1) NL8701315A (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0294004B1 (en) 1991-09-25
US4940923A (en) 1990-07-10
EP0294004A1 (en) 1988-12-07
JP2598459B2 (en) 1997-04-09
DE3865100D1 (en) 1991-10-31
NL8701315A (en) 1989-01-02

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