JPS63303320A - Electrooptic device - Google Patents
Electrooptic deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63303320A JPS63303320A JP62139287A JP13928787A JPS63303320A JP S63303320 A JPS63303320 A JP S63303320A JP 62139287 A JP62139287 A JP 62139287A JP 13928787 A JP13928787 A JP 13928787A JP S63303320 A JPS63303320 A JP S63303320A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- cell
- polarizing plate
- change
- electro
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000005262 ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 phenylpyridine ester Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004990 Smectic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Phenylpyridine Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- JVZRCNQLWOELDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-Phenylpyridine Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC=C1 JVZRCNQLWOELDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明は電気光学装置に関する。更に詳しくは強誘電性
液晶を用いた電気光学装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an electro-optical device. More specifically, the present invention relates to an electro-optical device using ferroelectric liquid crystal.
［従来の技術］
従来の強誘電性液晶を用いた電気光学装置は、第２図に
示すように、透明電極２．２°の上に片側あるいは両方
をラビングした配向膜３．３”を備えた２枚の透明基板
１，１゛を用いて、１〜１０μｍ程度の間隙を保ったセ
ルを形成し、強誘電性液晶を注入した後、一旦等方性液
体になるまで加熱し、カイラルスメクチックＣ（以下、
ＳｍＣ＊と称す）相まで冷却して液晶分子が特定の方向
に並ぶように配向させている。この時、強誘電性液晶の
分子４は、ラビング方向Ｒｂから０１およびθ２ずれた
２方向に安定状態を持ち、印加された電界の向きで何れ
かの方向に制御される。このセルの外側に偏光軸方向Ｐ
を前記のθ、あるいはθ２のいずれかの方向に合わせて
偏光板５を、さらにセルの反対側に偏光板５とクロスニ
コルになるように偏光板６を配置する。液晶分子４が偏
光軸方向Ｐの方向に並んたとき、電気光学装置の透過光
強度はゼロとなる。もう一方の配向方向に制御されたと
き、透過光強度■は、偏光板５．６の吸収を無視すれば
πｄ・△ ｒ】
Ｉ＝Ｉｏ−ｓｉｎ２（４θ）・５ｉｎ２（）λ
で現される。ここで、１．は入射光強度、２θは強誘電
性液晶分子４の２つの安定状態のなす角度、即ち、開き
角２θ−０１＋０２、ｄは液晶層の厚さ、△ｎは液晶の
複屈折、λは光の波長である。[Prior Art] As shown in FIG. 2, an electro-optical device using a conventional ferroelectric liquid crystal is provided with an alignment film 3.3" on one side or both sides of which is rubbed over a 2.2° transparent electrode. Using two transparent substrates 1,1'', a cell is formed with a gap of about 1 to 10 μm, and after injecting ferroelectric liquid crystal, it is heated until it becomes an isotropic liquid, and chiral smectic liquid crystal is formed. C (hereinafter,
The liquid crystal molecules are cooled to a phase (referred to as SmC*) and oriented so that the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a specific direction. At this time, the molecules 4 of the ferroelectric liquid crystal have a stable state in two directions shifted by 01 and θ2 from the rubbing direction Rb, and are controlled in either direction depending on the direction of the applied electric field. Polarization axis direction P on the outside of this cell
The polarizing plate 5 is arranged so that the polarizing plate 5 is aligned with either the above-mentioned θ or θ2 direction, and the polarizing plate 6 is arranged on the opposite side of the cell so as to be in crossed nicols with the polarizing plate 5. When the liquid crystal molecules 4 are aligned in the polarization axis direction P, the transmitted light intensity of the electro-optical device becomes zero. When the orientation is controlled in the other direction, the transmitted light intensity ■ is expressed as πd・△r] I=Io−sin2(4θ)・5in2()λ, ignoring the absorption of the polarizing plate 5.6 . Here, 1. is the incident light intensity, 2θ is the angle formed by the two stable states of the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules 4, that is, the opening angle 2θ-01+02, d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, △n is the birefringence of the liquid crystal, and λ is the optical It is the wavelength.
［発明が解決しようとする問題点］
前記、強誘電性液晶を用いた電気光学装置を例えばプリ
ンタヘッド用液晶シャッターとして使用する場合、感光
体の感度の関係から、ＯＦＦ時の漏れ光量が少なく、Ｏ
Ｎ時の絶対光量があるレベル以上にある、即ぢコントラ
スト比がある値以上であることが重要である。しかし、
強誘電性液晶の開き角２θは温度によって変化するため
、」二連の偏光板５．６をクロスニコルの状態で固定し
た構造では、温度によってＯＮ時の透過率Ｔ。□［％］
、ＯＦＦ時の透過率Ｔ。ＦＦ［％］ 及びコントラスト
比ＣＲ（＝ Ｔ ｔｕｉ／ Ｔ ＯＦＦ ） が変化
し、ＯＦＦ時の漏れ光量が大きくなったり、コントラス
ト比が得られなくなるという欠点を持っていた。また、
ディスプレイ等に用いた場合にも、十分な明るさ、コン
トラスト比が得られなくなる。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] When the electro-optical device using ferroelectric liquid crystal is used as a liquid crystal shutter for a printer head, for example, due to the sensitivity of the photoreceptor, the amount of leakage light when turned off is small; O
It is important that the absolute light amount at N time is above a certain level and that the contrast ratio is above a certain value. but,
Since the opening angle 2θ of the ferroelectric liquid crystal changes depending on the temperature, in a structure in which two sets of polarizing plates 5 and 6 are fixed in a crossed nicol state, the transmittance T when turned on changes depending on the temperature. □［%］
, transmittance T when OFF. The FF [%] and the contrast ratio CR (= T tui/T OFF ) change, the amount of leaked light increases when it is OFF, and the contrast ratio cannot be obtained. Also,
Even when used in displays, etc., sufficient brightness and contrast ratio cannot be obtained.
［問題点を解決するための手段］
本発明は前記欠点を解決するために
（１）透明電極を備えた２枚の透明基板間に強誘電性液
晶を挟持したセルの外側に２枚の偏光板を設けた電気光
学装置に於て、前記セルと偏光板との相対角度を変化さ
せる手段を備え
（２）前記セルと偏光板との相対角度を変化させる手段
が、温度によってその外形が変化する部材であり
（３）前記セルと偏光板との相対角度を変化させる手段
が、電気光学装置の外部からの入力を機械的に偏光板の
角度変化に変換する機構であることを特徴とする
〔実施例〕
以下、実施例を用いて具体的に説明する。[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present invention (1) provides two polarized light panels on the outside of a cell in which a ferroelectric liquid crystal is sandwiched between two transparent substrates provided with transparent electrodes. The electro-optical device provided with a plate includes means for changing the relative angle between the cell and the polarizing plate, (2) the means for changing the relative angle between the cell and the polarizing plate changes its outer shape depending on the temperature. (3) The means for changing the relative angle between the cell and the polarizing plate is a mechanism that mechanically converts an input from the outside of the electro-optical device into a change in the angle of the polarizing plate. [Example] Hereinafter, a specific explanation will be given using an example.
実施例１
第１図に示すように、メルク社性液晶組成物ＺＬＴ−３
４８９に、分子長軸方向に垂直な方向にシアン基を持ち
負の誘電異方性が大きく、カイラルなフェニルピリジン
エステル１０％およびカイラルなビフェニルエステル５
％を添加した液晶組成ＯＩＭｌを注入した液晶シャッタ
ー用セル１０を作った。この液晶組生物Ｍ１は、Ｉｓｏ
→ｃｈ点８５°ｃ、ｃｈ→Ｓ ｍ ＣｆＩ点６５．１°
Ｃの相転移点を持っており、第３図に示す波形でＡＣバ
イアス駆動を行ったところ、最高のコントラスト比ＣＲ
が得られる開き角は第１表に示す温度特性を持っていた
。Example 1 As shown in FIG. 1, Merck's liquid crystal composition ZLT-3
489, chiral phenylpyridine ester 10% and chiral biphenyl ester 5, which have a cyan group in the direction perpendicular to the long axis of the molecule and have large negative dielectric anisotropy.
A liquid crystal shutter cell 10 was made in which the liquid crystal composition OIMl to which % of the liquid crystal composition was added was injected. This liquid crystal structure organism M1 is
→ch point 85°c, ch→S m CfI point 65.1°
It has a phase transition point of C, and when AC bias driving is performed with the waveform shown in Figure 3, it has the highest contrast ratio CR.
The opening angle obtained had the temperature characteristics shown in Table 1.
第１表で、θ、及びθ２は第２図で示したラビング軸Ｒ
ｂからの安定状態の角度である。この液晶シャッター用
セル１０の上面に、支点１１を設けた偏光板１２を取り
１マ１目た。 この偏光板１２の支点１１には、幅２＋
ｎ［ｌｌ、厚さ０． ２ｍｍの黄銅とインバーよりなる
リボンを１０ｍｍφの径で螺旋状に１０回巻いたバイメ
タル１３の一端を固定した。バイメタル１３の他の一端
は、液晶シャッター用セル１０を支持する電気光学装置
のフレーム１４（図示せず）に取り付けた。このバイメ
タル１３は温度が４５°Ｃから６０°Ｃまで変化するに
したがい、自由端側、即ち偏光板１２の支点１１に取り
付けられた側は約３度回転する。４５°Ｃにおける液晶
分子の一方の安定方向θ１ に偏光板１２の偏光軸方向
Ｐを合わせ、液晶シャッター用セル１０の下面には、偏
光板１２の偏光軸方向Ｐと、偏光軸Ａが直交するように
偏光板１５を貼り付けた。In Table 1, θ and θ2 are the rubbing axis R shown in Figure 2.
is the steady state angle from b. A polarizing plate 12 provided with a fulcrum 11 was placed on the top surface of this liquid crystal shutter cell 10 one square at a time. The fulcrum 11 of this polarizing plate 12 has a width of 2+
n[ll, thickness 0. One end of a bimetal 13, which was made by winding a 2 mm ribbon of brass and invar spirally 10 times with a diameter of 10 mm, was fixed. The other end of the bimetal 13 was attached to a frame 14 (not shown) of an electro-optical device that supports the liquid crystal shutter cell 10. As the temperature of this bimetal 13 changes from 45°C to 60°C, the free end side, that is, the side attached to the fulcrum 11 of the polarizing plate 12, rotates about 3 degrees. The polarization axis direction P of the polarizing plate 12 is aligned with one stable direction θ1 of liquid crystal molecules at 45° C., and the polarization axis direction P of the polarization plate 12 and the polarization axis A are perpendicular to each other on the lower surface of the liquid crystal shutter cell 10. A polarizing plate 15 was attached as shown.
第１表
この電気光学装置の透過率Ｔ。Ｎ＋ ＴＱＦＦ及びコン
トラスト
が得られた。なお、偏光板１２を固定した場合の数値も
参考値として記載した。Table 1 Transmittance T of this electro-optical device. N+ TQFF and contrast were obtained. In addition, the numerical value when the polarizing plate 12 was fixed was also written as a reference value.
第２表の結果から、偏光板１２をクロスニコルの状態か
らずらずことで、ＯＦＦ状態での漏れ光■ＴＯＦＦの変
化が少なくなり、その結果としてコントラスト比ＣＲの
変化も少なくなっていることが分かる。From the results in Table 2, it can be seen that by shifting the polarizing plate 12 from the crossed nicol state, the change in leakage light ■TOFF in the OFF state is reduced, and as a result, the change in contrast ratio CR is also reduced. I understand.
実施例２
第４図に示すように、実施例］と同じ構成を持つ液晶シ
ャッター用セル１０の上面に、幅３ｍｍ、厚さ０．
２ｍｍ，長さ３０ｍｌ］ｌのバイメタル２１の一端を固
定し、前記バイメタル２１の自由端との 合部２２及び
前記バイメタル２１を液晶シャッター用セル１０に固定
した近傍に回転支点２３を接着した偏光板２４を取り付
けた。また、液晶シャッター用セル１０の下面には実施
例］と同様に偏光板２５を貼付けた。Example 2 As shown in FIG. 4, on the top surface of the liquid crystal shutter cell 10 having the same configuration as in Example], a 3 mm width and 0.0 mm thickness is provided.
2 mm, length 30 ml]l, one end of a bimetal 21 is fixed, and a rotational fulcrum 23 is adhered to the joining part 22 with the free end of the bimetal 21 and the vicinity of the bimetal 21 fixed to the liquid crystal shutter cell 10. 24 was installed. In addition, a polarizing plate 25 was attached to the lower surface of the liquid crystal shutter cell 10 in the same manner as in Example].
このバイメタル２１は４５℃から６０℃に温度が変化す
るにしたがい自由端は約３．５度変位し、実施例１とほ
ぼ同様の光学特性が得られた。The free end of this bimetal 21 was displaced by about 3.5 degrees as the temperature changed from 45° C. to 60° C., and almost the same optical characteristics as in Example 1 were obtained.
実施例３
Ｂ５サイス゛のディスプレイ用セル３０を作り、チッソ
社製液晶組成物ＣＳ−１０１４にカイラル基を持ったビ
フェニルエステル及びジエステル化合物を添加した液晶
組成物Ｍ２を注入した。この液晶組成物Ｍ２は、Ｉ Ｓ
Ｏ−） Ｃ ｈ点９５℃、Ｃｈ −＞ＳｍＡ点８３°Ｃ
， Ｓ ｍ Ａ ＋ Ｓ ｍ Ｃ ＊点６３°Ｃの相
転移点を持っており、１／４００デユーテイ比のマルチ
プレックス駆動を行ったところ、第３表に示す開き角の
温度特性を示した。第５図に示すように、このディスプ
レイ用セル３０の上面に、−辺に回転用の支点３１を接
着した偏光板３２を取り付け、ディスプレイモジュール
の夕（部につながったシャツ］・３３に取り付けられた
ゴムローラー３４によって偏光板３２の角度を変えられ
るようにした。Example 3 A display cell 30 of B5 size was prepared, and a liquid crystal composition M2 obtained by adding a biphenyl ester and diester compound having a chiral group to liquid crystal composition CS-1014 manufactured by Chisso Corporation was injected therein. This liquid crystal composition M2 is
O-) Ch h point 95°C, Ch -> SmA point 83°C
, S m A + S m C *It has a phase transition point of 63°C, and when multiplex driving at a duty ratio of 1/400 was performed, it exhibited the temperature characteristics of the opening angle shown in Table 3. As shown in FIG. 5, a polarizing plate 32 with a rotating fulcrum 31 glued to the negative side is attached to the top surface of this display cell 30, and is attached to the shirt 33 of the display module. The angle of the polarizing plate 32 can be changed using a rubber roller 34.
偏光板３２の角度を変えながら各温度におけるコントラ
スト比ＣＲを測定したところ第４表の結果が得られた。The contrast ratio CR at each temperature was measured while changing the angle of the polarizing plate 32, and the results shown in Table 4 were obtained.
本実施例３ては、実施例１および２番こ比べ透過率及び
コントラスト比の両者が悪いのは、ＡＣバイアスを印加
しないため、液晶分子がプＬ／チルトを伴ったツイスト
状態で配向しているためと思われる。The reason why both the transmittance and the contrast ratio of Example 3 are worse than those of Examples 1 and 2 is that because no AC bias is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a twisted state with a tilt angle. This seems to be because there are.
［発明の効果コ
本発明によれば、強誘電性液晶の開き角２θが温度によ
って変化し、偏光板の偏光軸方向と液晶分子の安定配向
状態が悪化するのを減少させることが出来る。[Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the deterioration of the polarization axis direction of the polarizing plate and the stable alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules due to the change in the opening angle 2θ of the ferroelectric liquid crystal depending on the temperature.
第１図は本発明における偏光板角度を変化さぜる機構の
概略図。第２図は強誘電性液晶を用いた電気光学装置の
動作を説明する図。第３図は本発明で用いた駆動波形の
一例を示す図。第４図及び第５図は本発明における偏光
板角度を変化させる機構の他の概略図。
１．１’・・・透明基板、２．２′・・・透明電極、３
．３°・・・配向膜、４・・・強誘電性液晶分子、５．
６・・・偏光板、１０・・・液晶シャッター用セル、１
１・・・支点、１２．１５・・・偏光板、１３・・・バ
イメタル、２１・・・バイメタル、２２・・・ 台部、
２３・・・回転支点、２４．２５・・・偏光板、３０・
・・ディスプレイ用セル、３１・・・支点、３２．３５
・・・偏光板、３３・・・シャフト、３４・・・ゴムロ
ーラー以 上
出願人 セイコーエプソン株式会社
１’）
第１図
第２図
λ
二′１
イ占
〜（
第３図
第４図
第５図FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mechanism for changing the polarizing plate angle in the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram explaining the operation of an electro-optical device using ferroelectric liquid crystal. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a drive waveform used in the present invention. FIGS. 4 and 5 are other schematic diagrams of the mechanism for changing the polarizing plate angle in the present invention. 1.1'...Transparent substrate, 2.2'...Transparent electrode, 3
．． 3°...Alignment film, 4...Ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules, 5.
6... Polarizing plate, 10... Liquid crystal shutter cell, 1
1...Fully point, 12.15...Polarizing plate, 13...Bimetal, 21...Bimetal, 22...Base part,
23...Rotation fulcrum, 24.25...Polarizing plate, 30.
... Display cell, 31... Fulcrum, 32.35
...Polarizing plate, 33...Shaft, 34...Rubber roller Applicant Seiko Epson Corporation 1') Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 5
Claims (3)
晶を挟持したセルの外側に２枚の偏光板を設けた電気光
学装置に於て、前記セルと偏光板との相対角度を変化さ
せる手段を備えたことを特徴とする電気光学装置。(1) In an electro-optical device in which two polarizing plates are provided on the outside of a cell in which a ferroelectric liquid crystal is sandwiched between two transparent substrates equipped with transparent electrodes, the relative angle between the cell and the polarizing plates An electro-optical device characterized by comprising means for changing.
が、温度によってその外形が変化する部材であることを
特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項に記載の電気光学装置
。(2) The electro-optical device according to claim 1, wherein the means for changing the relative angle between the cell and the polarizing plate is a member whose outer shape changes depending on temperature.
が、電気光学装置の外部からの入力を機械的に偏光板の
角度変化に変換する機構であることを特徴とする特許請
求の範囲第１項に記載の電気光学装置。(3) Claims characterized in that the means for changing the relative angle between the cell and the polarizing plate is a mechanism that mechanically converts an input from the outside of the electro-optical device into a change in the angle of the polarizing plate. The electro-optical device according to item 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62139287A JPS63303320A (en) | 1987-06-03 | 1987-06-03 | Electrooptic device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62139287A JPS63303320A (en) | 1987-06-03 | 1987-06-03 | Electrooptic device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63303320A true JPS63303320A (en) | 1988-12-09 |
Family
ID=15241764
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62139287A Pending JPS63303320A (en) | 1987-06-03 | 1987-06-03 | Electrooptic device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63303320A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5054891A (en) * | 1988-04-15 | 1991-10-08 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal shutter with substrates having an optical anisotropy caused by temperature gradient |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62204229A (en) * | 1986-03-04 | 1987-09-08 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | Liquid crystal device |
-
1987
- 1987-06-03 JP JP62139287A patent/JPS63303320A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62204229A (en) * | 1986-03-04 | 1987-09-08 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | Liquid crystal device |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5054891A (en) * | 1988-04-15 | 1991-10-08 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal shutter with substrates having an optical anisotropy caused by temperature gradient |
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