JPS63245102A - Directional coupler - Google Patents
Directional couplerInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63245102A JPS63245102A JP8011687A JP8011687A JPS63245102A JP S63245102 A JPS63245102 A JP S63245102A JP 8011687 A JP8011687 A JP 8011687A JP 8011687 A JP8011687 A JP 8011687A JP S63245102 A JPS63245102 A JP S63245102A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- coupling hole
- directional coupler
- coupling
- plane
- parallel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明は概ねＩＧＨｚ以上のマイクロ波帯において用い
られる方向性結合器に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a directional coupler used in a microwave band of approximately IGHz or higher.
［従来の技術］
第５図（Ａ）は従来例のダブルリッジ導波管を用いＴＥ
１０、ＴＥ１０及びＴ Ｅ ｓ。モードの相互干渉を利
用した方向性結合器の斜視図であり、第５図（Ｂ）は第
５図（Ａ）のＡ−Ａ’線についての断面図である。第５
図（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）において、９面に平行な高さａと１
１面に平行な幅すをそれぞれ有する第１の方形導波管１
０と第２の方形導波管１１が、導波？Ｆ１０．ＩＩの長
手方向の各管軸と平行に該導波管１０．１１の各Ｅ而を
対向させてかつ所定間隔Ｓだけ離れて形成される。ここ
で、各方形導波管１０及び１１は、該対向する９面の側
壁の中央部に設けられた直方体形状の結合部６の結合孔
５を介して互いに結合される。この結合孔５は長手方向
の長さしを有し、該結合孔５の断面形状は結合孔５の９
面に平行な幅ｄとＩ−１面に平行な幅Ｓを有する長方形
状である。ここで、２個の方形導波管ｔｏ、１１と結合
孔５を有する方向性結合器の結合部６の管軸に垂直な断
面形状は、第５図（Ｂ）に示すごとくダブルリッジ導波
管となっている。なお、この方向性結合器において、方
形導波管１０の各端部をそれぞれ信号入力端子！、信号
出力端子３とし、また、方形導波管１１の各端部をそれ
ぞれ信号入力端子２、信号出力端子４とする。[Prior art] Figure 5 (A) shows TE using a conventional double ridge waveguide.
10, TE10 and T E s. 5 is a perspective view of a directional coupler using mutual interference of modes, and FIG. 5(B) is a sectional view taken along line AA' in FIG. 5(A). Fifth
In figures (A) and (B), the heights a and 1 parallel to the 9th plane
A first rectangular waveguide 1 each having a width parallel to one surface.
0 and the second rectangular waveguide 11 are waveguides? F10. The waveguides 10, 11 are formed to face each other in parallel with the respective tube axes in the longitudinal direction of the waveguides 10, 11 and to be spaced apart by a predetermined distance S. Here, each of the rectangular waveguides 10 and 11 is coupled to each other via a coupling hole 5 of a rectangular parallelepiped coupling portion 6 provided at the center of the nine opposing side walls. The coupling hole 5 has a length in the longitudinal direction, and the cross-sectional shape of the coupling hole 5 is
It has a rectangular shape with a width d parallel to the plane and a width S parallel to the I-1 plane. Here, the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the tube axis of the coupling part 6 of the directional coupler having the two rectangular waveguides to, 11 and the coupling hole 5 is a double ridge waveguide as shown in FIG. 5(B). It is a pipe. In this directional coupler, each end of the rectangular waveguide 10 is used as a signal input terminal! , a signal output terminal 3, and each end of the rectangular waveguide 11 is a signal input terminal 2 and a signal output terminal 4, respectively.
結合孔５のＥ面に平行な幅Ｓを適当に設定すると、公知
の通り結合部６内にはＴＥ、０ＳＴＥ１０およびＴ Ｅ
ｓ。モードが伝播可能となる。ここで、各モードの位
相定数をそれぞれβ１０、β１０、およびβ３ｏとし、
いま、
（８皿。−β３ｏ）・Ｌ＝２π ・・・・・・・・・
・・・（１）の関係を満足するように結合孔５の長手方
向の長さしを設定すると、信号入力端子ｌから入力した
マイクロ波信号は無反射で信号出力端子３および４に出
力される。ここで、信号入力端子ｌへ入力されるマイク
ロ波信号の入力電力をＰｌとし、信号出力端子３および
４に出力される出力電力をＰ、およびＰ、とすると、
Ｐ ｓ＝ Ｐ ＋ｃｏｓ”（（β２゜−β５ｏ）−Ｌ／
２）・・・・・・・・・（２）
Ｐ ４＝ Ｐ 、ｓｉｎ’（（β１０−β、、）−ｔ、
／２）・・・・・・・・・（３）
が成立する。When the width S parallel to the E plane of the coupling hole 5 is set appropriately, TE, 0STE10 and TE are formed in the coupling part 6 as is well known.
s. The mode can be propagated. Here, the phase constants of each mode are β10, β10, and β3o, respectively,
Now, (8 dishes.-β3o)・L=2π ・・・・・・・・・
...If the length of the coupling hole 5 in the longitudinal direction is set so as to satisfy the relationship (1), the microwave signal input from the signal input terminal 1 will be output to the signal output terminals 3 and 4 without reflection. Ru. Here, if the input power of the microwave signal input to the signal input terminal l is Pl, and the output powers output to the signal output terminals 3 and 4 are P and P, then P s = P + cos'' (( β2゜−β5o)−L/
2)・・・・・・・・・(2) P 4= P , sin'((β10−β,,)−t,
/2)...(3) holds true.
第７図は結合孔５のＥ面に平行な幅である結合孔５の高
さｄと位相定数の差（βＩｏ−β１０）及び（β１０−
β１０）の関係を示したものである。第７図から、位相
定数の差（β１０−β１０）は結合孔５の高さｄに比例
して増加するのに対し、位相定数の差（β１０−β１０
）は結合孔５の高さｄを変えてもほとんど変化しないこ
とがわかる。従って、上記（１）式の無反射条件を満足
するように結合孔５の長さＬを設定すれば、結合孔５の
高さｄに比例して任意の結合度を有する方向性結合器を
構成できる。FIG. 7 shows the difference between the height d of the coupling hole 5, which is the width parallel to the E plane of the coupling hole 5, and the phase constant (βIo−β10) and (β10−
β10) is shown. From FIG. 7, it can be seen that the difference in phase constant (β10-β10) increases in proportion to the height d of the coupling hole 5, while the difference in phase constant (β10-β10) increases in proportion to the height d of the coupling hole 5.
) hardly changes even if the height d of the coupling hole 5 is changed. Therefore, if the length L of the coupling hole 5 is set so as to satisfy the non-reflection condition of equation (1) above, a directional coupler having an arbitrary degree of coupling can be obtained in proportion to the height d of the coupling hole 5. Can be configured.
また、上述の第５図（Ａ）及び（［３）のダブルリッジ
導波管を用いた方向性結合器は、公知の通り第６図に断
面形状を示す結合孔５の同一の高さｄを有するシングル
リッジ導波管を用いた方向性結合器とほぼ同様の位相定
数の差の周波数特性及び各入出力端子間の結合損失の周
波数特性を有することが知られている。Furthermore, in the directional coupler using the double ridge waveguide shown in FIGS. 5(A) and ([3) above, the coupling hole 5, whose cross-sectional shape is shown in FIG. 6, has the same height d as is known. It is known that the directional coupler using a single ridge waveguide has substantially the same frequency characteristics of phase constant difference and frequency characteristics of coupling loss between input and output terminals.
さらに、上記の従来例の方向性結合器において、結合孔
５の高さｄを大きくすることによって、第１の方形導波
管１０と第２の方形導波管１１との間の結合を密にする
ことができ、結合損失を軽減できることが知られている
。Furthermore, in the conventional directional coupler described above, by increasing the height d of the coupling hole 5, the coupling between the first rectangular waveguide 10 and the second rectangular waveguide 11 is improved. It is known that coupling loss can be reduced.
し発明が解決し上うとする問題点］
しかしながら、第８図に示すように大幅に結合孔５の高
さｄを高くすると、位相定数の差（β２゜−β１０）の
周波数特性が劣化して狭帯域になり、この結果、広帯域
な密結合の方向性結合器を実現できないという問題点を
有していた。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, as shown in FIG. 8, if the height d of the coupling hole 5 is increased significantly, the frequency characteristics of the phase constant difference (β2°−β10) deteriorate. The problem is that the band becomes narrow, and as a result, it is impossible to realize a broadband, tightly coupled directional coupler.
例えば、大きな結合度を有する方向性結合器を実現する
ための方法として、上述の第１図（Ａ）及び（１３）の
従来例の方向性結合器を２個以上縦続接続することによ
って実現できるが、外形状が大きくなり、重くなるとい
う問題点があった。For example, as a method for realizing a directional coupler having a large coupling degree, it can be realized by cascading two or more of the conventional directional couplers shown in FIGS. 1(A) and (13). However, there were problems in that the external shape was large and heavy.
本発明の目的は、以上の問題点を解決し、小型軽量であ
り広帯域であってかつ大きな結合度を有する方向性結合
器を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide a directional coupler that is small and lightweight, has a wide band, and has a high degree of coupling.
［問題点を解決するための手段］
本発明は、管軸と平行にＥ面を対向さ仕て近接配置した
１対の方形導波管と、各Ｅ面に設けられ管軸方向に一様
な所定長の結合孔を有し、上記結合孔とその両端の上記
方形導波管により構成される結合部がＴＥ１０、ＴＥ１
０およびＴ Ｅ ｓ。モードを伝播可能なごとく形状設
定された方向性結合器において、上記結合孔の管軸に垂
直な断面形状における上記結合孔の両端の開口部のＥ面
に平行な方向の寸法が上記結合孔の中央部のＥ面に平行
な方向の寸法より長いことを特徴とする。[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention comprises a pair of rectangular waveguides disposed close to each other with their E planes facing each other parallel to the tube axis, and rectangular waveguides provided on each E plane and uniform in the tube axis direction. TE10, TE1 have a coupling hole of a predetermined length, and are composed of the coupling hole and the rectangular waveguides at both ends thereof.
0 and T E s. In a directional coupler configured to be able to propagate a mode, the dimension of the openings at both ends of the coupling hole in the direction parallel to the E plane in the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the tube axis of the coupling hole is It is characterized by being longer than the dimension in the direction parallel to the E plane of the central part.
［作用］
以上のように構成することにより、上記１対の方形ず波
管が上記結合孔を介して結合し、Ｔ Ｅ ＋。。[Function] With the above configuration, the pair of rectangular wave tubes are coupled through the coupling hole, resulting in T E +. .
ＴＥ１０およびＴ Ｅ ｓ。モードが上記結合孔を介し
て伝播可能となる。また、例えば、上記結合部の中央部
のＥ面に平行な高さを従来例の高さと同一の高さとし、
上述のように、上記結合孔の管軸に垂直な断面形状にお
ける上記結合孔の両端の開口部のＥ面に平行な方向の寸
法が上記結合孔の中央部のＥ面に平行な方向の寸法より
長くすることによって、上記方向結合器の外形が大きく
なることなく、また、上記方向性結合器の周波数特性が
従来例に比べて狭帯域になることなく、上記１対の方形
導波管間で大きな結合度を得ることができる。TE10 and T E s. Modes are allowed to propagate through the coupling holes. Further, for example, the height parallel to the E plane of the central part of the joint part is the same as the height of the conventional example,
As mentioned above, in the cross-sectional shape of the coupling hole perpendicular to the tube axis, the dimension of the openings at both ends of the coupling hole in the direction parallel to the E plane is the dimension of the central part of the coupling hole in the direction parallel to the E plane. By making the length longer, the outer shape of the directional coupler does not become larger, and the frequency characteristic of the directional coupler does not become narrower than that of the conventional example. A large degree of connectivity can be obtained.
［実施例］
第１図（Ａ）は本発明の一実施例であるダブルリッジ導
波管を用いた方向性結合器の・斜視図であり、第１図（
Ｂ）は第１図（Ａ）のＢ−Ｂ’線についての縦断面図で
ある。第１図（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）において上述の図面と同
一のものについては同一の符号を付している。[Example] Fig. 1(A) is a perspective view of a directional coupler using a double ridge waveguide, which is an embodiment of the present invention.
B) is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line BB' in FIG. 1(A). In FIGS. 1(A) and 1(B), the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as in the above-mentioned drawings.
この方向性結合器が第５図（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）の従来例の
方向性結合器と異なるのは、結合孔の形状が異なること
であり、具体的には各方形導波管１０゜１■と接する結
合孔５ａの各端部の各リッジ部２１．２２のエツジ部２
１ａ、２１ｂ、２２ａ、２２ｂが面取りされていること
であり、第１図（Ｂ）に示すように結合孔５ａの管軸に
垂直な断面形状における結合孔５ａの各方形導波管１０
．１１側の両端の開口部３０．３１のＥ面に平行な方向
の高さく２ｃ＋ｄ）が、結合孔５ａの中央部３２のＥ面
に平行な方向の高さｄよりも該中央部３２に対して対称
的に長いことを特徴としている。以下、上記相違点につ
いて説明する。This directional coupler differs from the conventional directional coupler shown in FIGS. 5(A) and 5(B) in that the shape of the coupling hole is different. Specifically, each rectangular waveguide has a 10° Edge portion 2 of each ridge portion 21, 22 at each end of the coupling hole 5a in contact with 1■
1a, 21b, 22a, and 22b are chamfered, and as shown in FIG.
．． The height 2c+d) of the openings 30. It is characterized by being symmetrically long. The above differences will be explained below.
第１図（Ａ）及び（Ｉ３）において、従来例と同様に、
Ｅ面に平行な高さａと■−ｒ面に平行な幅すをそれぞれ
有する第１の方形導波管ｌＯと第２の方形導波管１１が
、該導波管１０．１１の長手方向の各管軸と平行に該導
波管１０．１１のＥ面を対向させて、かつ所定間隔Ｓだ
け離れて形成され、各方形導波管１０及び１１は、各導
波管１０ 、 Ｉ Ｉ （Ｄｌｒｎ（Ｄ側壁の各Ｅ面の
管軸方向の中央部に設けられた結合部６ａｃ６結合孔５
ａを介して互いに結合される。ここで、結合孔５ａは管
軸方向に一様な所定長りを有し、結合孔５ａの管軸に垂
直な断面形状は第１図（Ｂ）に示すごとくダブルリッジ
導波管となっており、各導波管ｔｏ、１１の間に（１ｉ
置する結合部６ａにおいては、各方形導波管１０．１１
の上下内壁の高さからそれぞれ下方向及び上方向に対称
的に同一の高さだけ突出したりらジ部２１．２２が該結
合孔５ａの中央部３２において所定間隔ｄだけ離れて形
成される。In FIGS. 1(A) and (I3), as in the conventional example,
A first rectangular waveguide lO and a second rectangular waveguide 11, each having a height a parallel to the E plane and a width parallel to the -r plane, are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the waveguide 10.11. The E planes of the waveguides 10 and 11 are formed to face each other in parallel with the respective tube axes of the waveguides 10 and 11, and are spaced apart by a predetermined distance S, and each of the rectangular waveguides 10 and 11 is formed by the waveguides 10 and 11. (Dlrn
are coupled to each other via a. Here, the coupling hole 5a has a uniform predetermined length in the tube axis direction, and the cross-sectional shape of the coupling hole 5a perpendicular to the tube axis becomes a double ridge waveguide as shown in FIG. 1(B). and between each waveguide to, 11 (1i
In the coupling portion 6a where each rectangular waveguide 10.11
Bend portions 21 and 22 are formed at the central portion 32 of the coupling hole 5a at a predetermined distance d and project symmetrically by the same height downwardly and upwardly from the heights of the upper and lower inner walls of the coupling hole 5a.
各リッジ部２１．２２の管軸に垂直な断面形状は、それ
ぞれ結合孔５ａの各導波管ｔｏ、ｔｔ側の端部の開口部
３０．３１におけるリッジ部２１，２２の各エツジ部２
１ａ、２ ｌｂ、２２ａ、２２ｂが、各導波管ｔｏ、ｔ
ｔ間の中央位置におけるＥ面に平行な中心線に対して対
称となるようにかつ断面において直線形状で面取りされ
る。ここで、面取りの各エツジ部２１ａ、２ ｌｂ、２
２ａ、２２ｂはＥ面と平行な方向の高さＣ及び１１面と
平行な方向の幅Ｃを有する。ここで、面取りの形状を中
央部３２の上記中心線に対して対称な形状としているの
は、各方形導波管ｔｏ、ｔｔに対してＴ Ｅ ＋。、Ｔ
Ｅ ２０及びＴ Ｅｓ。の相互干渉を同一の条件で生
じさせるためであり、この対称条件が満足されないとき
、後述する各種周波数特性が劣化し、従来例に比べて狭
帯域となる。さらに、結合孔５ａの管軸方向の長さしは
上述と同様にＴ Ｅ ＋。、ＴＥｚ。及びＴ Ｅ ３０
モードを伝播可能なように上記（１）式を満足して設定
される。The cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the tube axis of each ridge portion 21.22 is the edge portion 2 of each ridge portion 21, 22 at the opening 30.31 at the end of each waveguide to, tt side of the coupling hole 5a, respectively.
1a, 2 lb, 22a, 22b are each waveguide to, t
It is chamfered symmetrically with respect to a center line parallel to the E plane at the center position between t and in a straight line shape in cross section. Here, each chamfered edge portion 21a, 2 lb, 2
2a and 22b have a height C in a direction parallel to the E plane and a width C in a direction parallel to the 11th plane. Here, the reason why the chamfered shape is symmetrical with respect to the center line of the central portion 32 is T E + for each of the rectangular waveguides to and tt. , T
E 20 and T Es. This is to cause mutual interference under the same conditions, and when this symmetrical condition is not satisfied, various frequency characteristics described later deteriorate, resulting in a narrow band compared to the conventional example. Furthermore, the length of the coupling hole 5a in the tube axis direction is T E + as described above. , TEz. and T E 30
It is set to satisfy the above equation (1) so that the mode can be propagated.
以上のように構成された方向性結合器においては、上述
のように、結合孔５ａの管軸に垂直な断面形状における
結合孔５ａの各方形導波管１０．ｌｌ側の両端の開口部
３０．３１のＥ面に平行な方向の高さく２ｃ＋ｄ）が結
合孔５ａの中央部３２のＥ面に平行な高さｄよりも長く
なっている。In the directional coupler configured as above, as described above, each rectangular waveguide 10. The height 2c+d) of the openings 30.31 at both ends on the ll side in a direction parallel to the E plane is longer than the height d of the central part 32 of the coupling hole 5a in a direction parallel to the E plane.
以下、上述のように構成されたダブルリッジ導波管を用
いた方向性結合器の実施例と上述の従来例における各種
理論計算値及び測定値を示す。ここで、各方形導波管１
０．１１として、ａ＝ ３ 、５５６開、ｂ＝７．１１
２ｍｍのＷｒ（Ｉ−３２０型方形導波管を用い、結合孔
５，５ａの中央部３２の高さｄ＝０．７ａｍ、結合孔５
，５ａの１４面に平行な幅Ｓ−３、Ｏｍｍ、実施例のエ
ツジ部２１ａ、２ ｌｂ、２２ａ。Hereinafter, various theoretical calculation values and measured values for an example of a directional coupler using a double ridge waveguide configured as described above and the above-mentioned conventional example will be shown. Here, each rectangular waveguide 1
As 0.11, a=3, 556 open, b=7.11
2 mm Wr (using an I-320 type rectangular waveguide, the height d of the central part 32 of the coupling holes 5 and 5a = 0.7 am, the coupling hole 5
, 5a, width S-3, Omm, and edge portions 21a, 2 lb, 22a of the embodiment.
２２ｂの上記高さ及び幅ｃ＝１．０ｍ＋ｅとし、周波数
２７ＧｔＩｚから３３ＧＨｚにわたって計算及び測定を
行なった。The above-mentioned height and width c of 22b were set as 1.0 m+e, and calculations and measurements were performed over frequencies from 27 GtIz to 33 GHz.
第９図は、この実施例と上述の従来例の方向性結合器の
位相定数の差（β１０−β１０）及び（β１０−β１０
）の周波数特性の理論計算値を示すグラフである。第９
図より、実施例の位相定数の差（β１０−β３０）の周
波数特性は従来例とほぼ同一の特性を有しているが、実
施例の位相定数の差（β１０−β１０）は、従来例に比
較してより大きな値となることがわかる。また、位相定
数の差（β１゜−β１０）及び（β１０−βｊＪｏ）の
周波数特性において、実施例と従来例の周波数特性の劣
化の相違がほとんどないことがわかる。FIG. 9 shows the difference in phase constant (β10−β10) and (β10−β10) between the directional coupler of this embodiment and the above-mentioned conventional example.
) is a graph showing theoretically calculated values of frequency characteristics. 9th
From the figure, the frequency characteristics of the difference in phase constants (β10-β30) of the example have almost the same characteristics as the conventional example, but the difference in phase constants (β10-β10) of the example It can be seen that the comparison results in a larger value. Furthermore, it can be seen that there is almost no difference in the deterioration of the frequency characteristics between the embodiment and the conventional example in the frequency characteristics of the phase constant difference (β1°−β10) and (β10−βjJo).
第１０図（Ａ）は従来例の方向性結合器の入出力端子１
−３間及び１−４間の結合損失の周波数特性を示すグラ
フであり、第１Ｏ図（Ｂ）は実施例の方向性結合器の入
出力端子１−３間及び１−４間の結合損失の周波数特性
を示すグラフである。第１０図（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）より、
各特性とも測定値と理論計算値がほぼ一致しているとと
もに、実施例の方向性結合器の入出力端子１−４間の結
合損失が従来例に比べて小さくなり、一方、実施例の方
向性結合器の入出力端子１−３間の結合損失が従来例に
比べて大きくなっていることがわかる。従って、実施例
のようにニー、ジｆ＠２ ｆａ、２ ｌｂ、２２ａ。Figure 10 (A) shows input/output terminal 1 of a conventional directional coupler.
10(B) is a graph showing the frequency characteristics of the coupling loss between -3 and between 1-4, and FIG. 3 is a graph showing the frequency characteristics of . From Figure 10 (A) and (B),
For each characteristic, the measured values and theoretically calculated values almost match, and the coupling loss between input and output terminals 1-4 of the directional coupler of the example is smaller than that of the conventional example. It can be seen that the coupling loss between the input and output terminals 1-3 of the sexual coupler is larger than that of the conventional example. Therefore, as in the example, knee, dif@2 fa, 2 lb, 22a.
２２ｂを面取りすることにより、従来例に比べてより結
合度が大きい方向性結合器を該方向性結合器の外部形状
を大きくすることなく実現することができる。By chamfering 22b, a directional coupler with a higher degree of coupling than the conventional example can be realized without enlarging the external shape of the directional coupler.
さらに、第１１図（Ａ）は従来例の方向性結合器の各入
力端子１−１間及び１−２間の結合損失、すなわち反射
波及び不要波の出力レベルを示す周波数特性図であり、
第１１図（Ｂ）は実施例の方向性結合器の各入力端子１
−１間及び１−２間の結合損失、すなわち反射波及び不
要波の出力レベルを示す周波数特性図である。第１！図
（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）から約２０ｄＢ以上の１−１間及び１
−２間の各結合損失を得ることができ、実用上反射波及
び不要波を除去することができることがわかる。Furthermore, FIG. 11(A) is a frequency characteristic diagram showing the coupling loss between each input terminal 1-1 and 1-2 of a conventional directional coupler, that is, the output level of reflected waves and unnecessary waves,
FIG. 11(B) shows each input terminal 1 of the directional coupler of the embodiment.
It is a frequency characteristic diagram showing the coupling loss between −1 and 1-2, that is, the output level of reflected waves and unnecessary waves. 1st! Between 1 and 1 and 1 approximately 20 dB or more from figures (A) and (B)
It can be seen that each coupling loss between -2 can be obtained, and reflected waves and unnecessary waves can be practically removed.
以上の実施例において、ダブルリッジ導波管を用いた方
向性結合器について述べているが、管軸に垂直な断面形
状が第３図に示すごとく、上記と同様に面取り部２１ａ
、２１ｂを有する１個のリッジ部２１のみを備えるよう
にしてもよく、このシングルリッジ導波管を用いた方向
性結合器は、公知の通り、上記ダブルリッジ導波管を用
いた方向性結合器とほぼ同一の上記各種周波数特性を有
すまた、以上の実施例の結合部６ａにおいては、リッジ
部２１．２２を各方形導波管１０，１１の上下内壁の高
さからそれぞれ下方向及び上方向に対称的に同一の高さ
だけ突出するように形成しているが、これに限らず、中
央部３２において所定間隔ｄだけ離れかツエッジ部２１
ａ、２ ｌｂ、２２ａ、２２ｂが面取りされておれば、
リッジ部２１．２２の高さを同一にしなくてもよい。In the above embodiment, a directional coupler using a double ridge waveguide is described, but the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the tube axis is as shown in FIG.
, 21b may be provided, and the directional coupler using this single ridge waveguide is, as is known, the directional coupler using the double ridge waveguide described above. In addition, in the coupling portion 6a of the above embodiment, the ridge portions 21 and 22 are formed downward and downward from the height of the upper and lower inner walls of each rectangular waveguide 10, 11, respectively. Although the two edge portions 21 are formed to protrude upward symmetrically by the same height, the present invention is not limited to this.
If a, 2 lb, 22a, and 22b are chamfered,
The heights of the ridges 21 and 22 do not have to be the same.
以上の実施例において、リッジ部２１．２２の各エツジ
部２１ａ、２１ｂ、２２ａ、２２ｂを上述のように面取
りしているが、これに限らず、第２図に示すごとく、リ
ッジ部２１．２２の互いに対向する各項部２１ｃ、２２
ｃの管軸に垂直な断面形状が円又はだ円の弧形状であっ
てもよい。また、第４図に示すごとく、だ円の弧の断面
形状の頂部２１Ｃを有するリッジ部２Ｉを備えたシング
ルリッジ導波管の方向性結合器を構成してもよく、この
方向性結合器は、公知の逍り上記ダブルリッジ導波管の
方向性結合器と同様の上記各種の周波数特性を有する。In the above embodiment, each edge portion 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b of the ridge portion 21.22 is chamfered as described above, but the present invention is not limited to this, and as shown in FIG. 21c, 22 facing each other
The cross-sectional shape of c perpendicular to the tube axis may be a circular or elliptical arc shape. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a single ridge waveguide directional coupler may be configured, which includes a ridge portion 2I having an apex 21C having an elliptical arc cross-section. , it has the above-mentioned various frequency characteristics similar to the well-known directional coupler of the above-mentioned double ridge waveguide.
従って、本発明の要旨は、結合孔５ａの管軸に垂直な断
面形状における結合孔５ａの各方形導波管側の両端の開
口部３０．３１のＥ面に平行な方向の高さが結合孔５ａ
の中央部３２のＥ面に平行な方向な高さよりも長いこと
にあり、これによって、第５図（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）の従来
例と同じ外形状で、従来例に比べて大きな結合度を有し
広帯域な方向性結合器を得ることができる。Therefore, the gist of the present invention is that the height in the direction parallel to the E plane of the openings 30 and 31 at both ends of each rectangular waveguide side of the coupling hole 5a in the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the tube axis of the coupling hole 5a is Hole 5a
The height of the central portion 32 in the direction parallel to the E plane is longer than the height of the center portion 32 of the central portion 32 of the central portion 32, which has the same external shape as the conventional example shown in FIGS. A broadband directional coupler can be obtained.
まに１従来のＴＥ１０、ＴＥ１０およびＴ Ｅ ｓ。モ
ードの相互干渉を利用した方向性結合器では、所要の結
合度を得るには２個以上の方向性結合器を直列に接続し
なければならない程の密結合度が要求されても、本発明
を適用することにより１個の方向性結合器で所要の結合
度が得られ、方向性結合器の小型化及び軽量化にも有効
である。1 conventional TE10, TE10 and TEs. Even if a directional coupler that utilizes mutual interference of modes requires a degree of coupling so close that two or more directional couplers must be connected in series to obtain the desired degree of coupling, the present invention By applying this, the required degree of coupling can be obtained with one directional coupler, and it is also effective in reducing the size and weight of the directional coupler.
さらに、従来の方向性結合器では、結合孔５の両端の開
口部３０，３１１．：電界が集中し大電力の入力に対し
て絶縁破壊をおこすため入力許容電力の制約が厳しかっ
たが、本発明により、開口部３０．３１における結合孔
５ａの両端部の面積を大きくすることができるので、結
合孔５ａの両端における電界集中が緩和され、入力許容
電力を大きくできるという利点もある。Furthermore, in the conventional directional coupler, the openings 30, 311 . : Since the electric field is concentrated and dielectric breakdown occurs due to input of large power, restrictions on the input allowable power have been severe, but with the present invention, it is possible to increase the area of both ends of the coupling hole 5a in the opening 30.31. Therefore, the electric field concentration at both ends of the coupling hole 5a is alleviated, and there is an advantage that the allowable input power can be increased.
なお、本発明では、結合度が固定された方向性結合器と
して説明したが、従来のＴＥＩｏ、Ｔ Ｅ ２０および
Ｔ Ｅ ３０モードの相互干渉を利用した方向性結合器
では上述のように結合孔５の２面に平行な高さｄのみを
変えることにより、各方形導波管１０．１１間の結合度
を変化することができるという特徴を有しているが、本
発明の方向性結合器にもこの特徴があることは言うまで
もない。Although the present invention has been described as a directional coupler with a fixed degree of coupling, conventional directional couplers that utilize mutual interference of TEIo, T E 20, and T E 30 modes have coupling holes that are fixed as described above. The directional coupler of the present invention has the feature that the degree of coupling between the rectangular waveguides 10 and 11 can be changed by changing only the height d parallel to the two surfaces of the waveguide 5. Needless to say, this feature also exists.
［発明の効果］
以上詳述したように本発明によれば、従来例の方向結合
器の結合孔の管軸に垂直な断面形状において、上記結合
孔の両端の開口部の２面に平行な方向の寸法を上記結合
孔の中央部の２面に平行な方向の寸法より長くすること
によって、上記方向性結合器の外形を大きくすることな
く、また、周波数特性を劣化させることなく、大きな結
合度を得ることができる。従って、従来例の方向性結合
器では、所要の結合度を得るには２個以上の方向性結合
器を直列に接続しなければならなかったが、本発明によ
り、１個の方向性結合器で大きな結合度が得られ、方向
性結合器の小型化及び軽量化に有効である。[Effects of the Invention] As described in detail above, according to the present invention, in the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the tube axis of the coupling hole of the conventional directional coupler, there are two planes parallel to the two faces of the openings at both ends of the coupling hole. By making the dimension in the direction longer than the dimension in the direction parallel to the two central planes of the coupling hole, large coupling can be achieved without increasing the external shape of the directional coupler or deteriorating the frequency characteristics. degree can be obtained. Therefore, in conventional directional couplers, two or more directional couplers had to be connected in series to obtain the required degree of coupling, but with the present invention, one directional coupler has to be connected in series. A large degree of coupling can be obtained, and it is effective in reducing the size and weight of directional couplers.
また、従来例の方向性結合器では、上記結合孔の両端の
開口部に電界が集中し大電力の入力に対して絶縁破壊を
おこすため入力許容電力の制約か厳しかったが、本発明
により、上記開口部における結合孔の両端部の面積を大
きくすることができるので、結合孔の両端における電界
集中が緩和され、入力許容電力を大きくできるという利
点もある。In addition, in conventional directional couplers, the electric field concentrates at the openings at both ends of the coupling hole, causing dielectric breakdown in response to high power input, so the input allowable power is severely limited, but with the present invention, Since the area of both ends of the coupling hole in the opening can be increased, electric field concentration at both ends of the coupling hole is alleviated, and there is also an advantage that input allowable power can be increased.
第１図（Ａ）は本発明の一実施例であるダブルリッジ導
波管を用いた方向性結合器の斜視図、第１図（Ｂ）は第
１図（Ａ）のＢ−Ｂ’線についての縦断面図、
第２図、第３図及び第４図は本発明の別の実施例である
方向性結合器の縦断面図、
第５図（Ａ）は従来例のダブルリッジ導波管を用いた方
向性結合器の斜視図、
第５図（Ｂ）は第５図（Ａ）のＡ−’Ａ’線についての
縦断面図、
第６図は従来例のシングルリッジ導波管を用いた方向性
結合器の縦断面図、
第７図は従来例の方向性結合器の結合孔の高さに対する
位相定数の差の理論計算値を示すグラフ、第８図は従来
例の方向性結合器の位相定数の差の周波数特性の理論計
算値を示すグラフ、第９図は従来例と実施例の方向性結
合器の位相定数の差の周波数特性の理論計算値を示すグ
ラフ、第１０図（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）はそれぞれ従来例と実
施例の各入出力端子間の結合損失の周波数特性の測定値
と理論計算値を示すグラフ、
第１１図（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）はそれぞれ従来例と実施例の
各入出力端子間の結合損失の周波数特性の測定値と理論
計算値を示すグラフである。
１．２ ・・・・・・・・・信号入力端子、３．４ ・
・・・・・・・・信号出力端子、５．５ａ・・・・・・
・・・結合孔、
６．６ａ・・・・・・・・・結合部、
ｌＯ・・・・・・・・・第１の方形導波管、１１ ・
・・・・・・・・第２の方形導波管、２１．２２・・・
・・・・・・リッジ部、２１ａ、２ ｌｂ、２２ａ、２
２ｂ・−・−−−−・・ニーｔジ部、３０．３１・・・
・・・・・・結合孔の両端の開口部、３２ ・・・・・
・・・・結合孔の中央部。
特許出願人 株式会社エイ・ティ・アール光電波通信研
究所
代理人 弁理士 前出 葆 ほか２名
第３図
第７図
結合孔の高さｄ
第８図
第９図
ＷＩｉ杖ｔ （ＧＨｚ〕
第１０図（Ａ）
第１０図（Ｂ）FIG. 1(A) is a perspective view of a directional coupler using a double ridge waveguide, which is an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1(B) is a line BB' in FIG. 1(A). FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 are longitudinal sectional views of a directional coupler according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5(A) is a conventional double ridge waveguide. A perspective view of a directional coupler using a tube, FIG. 5(B) is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along line A-'A' in FIG. 5(A), and FIG. 6 is a conventional single ridge waveguide. 7 is a graph showing the theoretically calculated difference in phase constant with respect to the height of the coupling hole of a conventional directional coupler, and FIG. 8 is a graph showing the direction of the conventional directional coupler. FIG. 9 is a graph showing theoretically calculated values of the frequency characteristics of the difference in phase constants of the directional couplers of the conventional example and the embodiment. Figures 10 (A) and (B) are graphs showing the measured values and theoretically calculated values of the frequency characteristics of the coupling loss between each input and output terminal of the conventional example and the embodiment, respectively, and Figures 11 (A) and (B) are 3 is a graph showing measured values and theoretically calculated values of frequency characteristics of coupling loss between input and output terminals in a conventional example and an example, respectively. 1.2 ...... Signal input terminal, 3.4 ・
......Signal output terminal, 5.5a...
...Coupling hole, 6.6a...Coupling part, lO......First rectangular waveguide, 11.
......Second rectangular waveguide, 21.22...
...Ridge part, 21a, 2 lb, 22a, 2
2b・-・----・nee tji part, 30.31...
・・・・・・Openings at both ends of the coupling hole, 32 ・・・・・・
...Central part of the binding hole. Patent applicant A.T.R. Optical Radio Communication Laboratory Co., Ltd. Representative Patent attorney Maeda Ao and two others Figure 3 Figure 7 Height of coupling hole d Figure 8 Figure 9 WIi cane t (GHz) Figure 10 (A) Figure 10 (B)
Claims (1)
の方形導波管と、各Ｅ面に設けられ管軸方向に一様な所
定長の結合孔を有し、上記結合孔とその両端の上記方形
導波管により構成される結合部がＴＥ＿１＿０、ＴＥ＿
２＿０およびＴＥ＿３＿０モードを伝播可能なごとく形
状設定された方向性結合器において、上記結合孔の管軸
に垂直な断面形状における上記結合孔の両端の開口部の
Ｅ面に平行な方向の寸法が上記結合孔の中央部のＥ面に
平行な方向の寸法より長いことを特徴とする方向性結合
器。(1) A pair of rectangular waveguides arranged close to each other with their E planes facing each other parallel to the tube axis, and a coupling hole of a predetermined length that is uniform in the direction of the tube axis provided on each E plane; The coupling parts formed by the hole and the rectangular waveguides at both ends are TE_1_0 and TE_
In a directional coupler configured to be able to propagate the 2_0 and TE_3_0 modes, the dimensions of the openings at both ends of the coupling hole in the direction parallel to the E plane in the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the tube axis of the coupling hole are as described above. A directional coupler characterized in that the length of the central part of the coupling hole is longer than the dimension in the direction parallel to the E plane.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8011687A JPS63245102A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1987-03-31 | Directional coupler |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8011687A JPS63245102A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1987-03-31 | Directional coupler |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63245102A true JPS63245102A (en) | 1988-10-12 |
| JPH054842B2 JPH054842B2 (en) | 1993-01-21 |
Family
ID=13709221
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8011687A Granted JPS63245102A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1987-03-31 | Directional coupler |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63245102A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11330812A (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 1999-11-30 | Nec Eng Ltd | Coupler |
| US6127902A (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 2000-10-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Waveguide directional coupler capable of propagating higher order modes |
| JP2006311408A (en) * | 2005-05-02 | 2006-11-09 | Yokowo Co Ltd | Wide band antenna |
| JP2019106664A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-06-27 | 富士通株式会社 | Probe antenna and measuring apparatus |
| JP2020022074A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-02-06 | 古野電気株式会社 | Short slot directional coupler and synthetic distributor |
-
1987
- 1987-03-31 JP JP8011687A patent/JPS63245102A/en active Granted
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6127902A (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 2000-10-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Waveguide directional coupler capable of propagating higher order modes |
| JPH11330812A (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 1999-11-30 | Nec Eng Ltd | Coupler |
| JP2006311408A (en) * | 2005-05-02 | 2006-11-09 | Yokowo Co Ltd | Wide band antenna |
| JP2019106664A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-06-27 | 富士通株式会社 | Probe antenna and measuring apparatus |
| JP2020022074A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-02-06 | 古野電気株式会社 | Short slot directional coupler and synthetic distributor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH054842B2 (en) | 1993-01-21 |
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