JPS63230242A - Forging method - Google Patents
Forging methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63230242A JPS63230242A JP6485087A JP6485087A JPS63230242A JP S63230242 A JPS63230242 A JP S63230242A JP 6485087 A JP6485087 A JP 6485087A JP 6485087 A JP6485087 A JP 6485087A JP S63230242 A JPS63230242 A JP S63230242A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- processed material
- forging
- stage
- hardening
- work material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium molybdenum Chemical compound [Cr].[Mo] VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明は鍛造方法に関し、一層詳細には、加工材料を所
望の形状に変形させた後に一旦焼入れを行って当該加工
材料の表面を硬化させ、次にショツトブラストを行い、
さらに、前記加工材料を酸化させることなく焼型を施す
ことにより、前記加工材料に平滑な鍛造表面を得ること
を可能とした鍛造方法に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a forging method, and more particularly, the present invention relates to a forging method, and more specifically, after deforming a processed material into a desired shape, quenching is once performed to harden the surface of the processed material. , then shot blast,
Furthermore, the present invention relates to a forging method that makes it possible to obtain a smooth forged surface on the processed material by subjecting the processed material to a mold without oxidizing the processed material.
［従来の技術］
従来から、加工材料を再結晶温度以上に加熱し、これに
外力を加えることにより塑性変形を与えて前記加工材料
から所望の形状の製品を得る鍛造方法が広汎に普及して
いる。[Prior Art] Conventionally, a forging method has been widely used to obtain a product with a desired shape from the processed material by heating the processed material to a temperature higher than the recrystallization temperature and applying an external force to the material to give it plastic deformation. There is.
この種の鍛造方法を実施するための工程を以下に示す。The steps for carrying out this type of forging method are shown below.
すなわち、第１図に示すように、前記加工材料は、先ず
、加熱工程２により所望の温度に加熱される。次いで、
前記加熱された加工材料は所望の形状に型彫りを施した
上型と下型の間に配置され、圧縮または打撃して所望の
形状に変形される、所謂、型打ち工程４が行われる。前
記型打ち工程４によって所望の形状に変形された加工材
料は規準工程６で焼きならしが施される。That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the processed material is first heated to a desired temperature in a heating step 2. Then,
The heated processing material is placed between an upper mold and a lower mold that have been carved into a desired shape, and is compressed or hammered into a desired shape in a so-called molding step 4. The workpiece material transformed into a desired shape in the stamping step 4 is normalized in a standard step 6.
この場合、前述した各工程により加工材料の一部が酸化
して当該加工材料の表面に酸化被膜が付着してしまう。In this case, a part of the processed material is oxidized by each of the steps described above, and an oxide film is deposited on the surface of the processed material.
従って、一般的には、前記加工材料の表面に鉄粒を衝撃
的に当接させて前記酸化被膜を取り除くショツトブラス
ト工程８が行われる。そして、最後に、前記加工材料の
表面を平滑にし且つ当該加工材料を所定の寸法に仕上げ
るべく再度前記加工材料を加圧する冷間サイジング工程
１０が営まれる。Therefore, generally, a shot blasting step 8 is performed in which the oxide film is removed by bringing iron particles into impactive contact with the surface of the processed material. Finally, a cold sizing step 10 is performed in which the material to be processed is pressurized again in order to smooth the surface of the material to be processed and to finish the material to predetermined dimensions.
前記のような鍛造により製造された部品は必要により機
械加工等が施され製品として使用されるに至る。The parts manufactured by forging as described above are subjected to machining or the like as necessary before being used as a product.
ところで、最近、鍛造製品の製造工程の短縮並びに製品
の製造コストの低廉化を目的として鍛造工程によって得
られた部品に機械加工等を施すことなく、鍛造を終了し
た状態で製品として使用する場合が多くなっている。例
えば、かさ歯車の歯部がその好例と謂えよう。この場合
、前述した鍛造工程により製造したかさ歯車の歯部はそ
の表面が相当に粗い状態となっている。By the way, recently, with the aim of shortening the manufacturing process of forged products and reducing the manufacturing cost of the product, there are cases in which parts obtained through the forging process are used as products without machining, etc. The number is increasing. A good example of this would be the teeth of a bevel gear. In this case, the surface of the tooth portion of the bevel gear manufactured by the above-described forging process is considerably rough.
すなわち、前記工程において、規準工程６が終了した後
の加工材料はその表面が比較的軟弱であり、このような
表面にショツトブラスト工程８により鉄粒を衝撃的に当
接させると、前記鉄粒の圧痕が前記加工材料の表面に形
成されることになる。従って、板金、冷間サイジング工
程１０において表面を平滑化しても、これにより得られ
る表面の粗さの範囲は１５μｍから３０μｍが限度であ
り、それ以下に抑制することは到底困難である。従って
、前記の鍛造によって得られるかさ歯車の歯部はその表
面が粗い状態のままで使用に供されることになる。すな
わち、このように、表面が粗いままの歯部を有するかさ
歯車を、例えば、車両等に使用した場合、当該かさ歯車
の歯部が他の歯車と噛合して回転する際に騒音が発生す
るという事態を惹起することになる。That is, in the above process, the surface of the processed material after the standard process 6 has been completed is relatively soft, and when iron particles are brought into impact impact contact with such a surface in the shot blasting process 8, the iron particles An indentation will be formed on the surface of the processed material. Therefore, even if the surface is smoothed in the sheet metal cold sizing step 10, the range of the resulting surface roughness is limited to 15 μm to 30 μm, and it is extremely difficult to suppress the roughness to less than that. Therefore, the teeth of the bevel gear obtained by the above-described forging are used with their surfaces still in a rough state. In other words, when a bevel gear with teeth with a rough surface is used in a vehicle, etc., noise is generated when the teeth of the bevel gear mesh with other gears and rotate. This will cause a situation like this.
［発明が解決しようとする問題点］
本発明は前記の不都合を克服するためになされたもので
あって、加工材料を鍛造して所望の製品を得る際に、先
ず、前記加工材料を再結晶温度以上に加熱した後に前記
加工材料に外力を加えて組成変形させて所望の形状に成
形し、次いで、前記加工材料を焼入れしてその加工表面
を硬化させ、その後、ショツトブラストを行い、次に、
前記加工材料を酸化させることなく焼型した後に冷間サ
イジングを行うことにより前記加工材料にショツトブラ
ストによる圧痕を形成することなく、従って、平滑な表
面を有する鍛造製品を得ることを可能とする鍛造方法を
提供することを目的とする。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention has been made to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages, and when forging a processed material to obtain a desired product, first, the processed material is recrystallized. After heating above the temperature, an external force is applied to the processed material to change the composition and form it into a desired shape, then the processed material is quenched to harden the processed surface, then shot blasted, and then ,
Forging that makes it possible to obtain a forged product having a smooth surface without forming indentations due to shot blasting on the processed material by performing cold sizing after baking the processed material without oxidizing the processed material. The purpose is to provide a method.
［問題点を解決するための手段〕
前記の目的を達成するために、本発明は加工材料を加熱
して所望の製品を鍛造する方法であって、加工材料を加
熱する第１の工程と、当該加工材料を加圧して所望の形
状に変形する第２の工程と、前記加工材料の表面を硬化
させる第３の工程と、加工材料の表面に付着する酸化被
膜を取り除く第４の工程と、前記加工材料の酸化を防止
して当該加工材料の表面を軟化させる第５の工程と、前
記加工材料を平滑な表面状態に仕上げる第６の工程とか
らなることを特徴とする。[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for forging a desired product by heating a processed material, the method comprising: a first step of heating the processed material; a second step of pressurizing the processed material to transform it into a desired shape; a third step of hardening the surface of the processed material; a fourth step of removing an oxide film attached to the surface of the processed material; It is characterized by comprising a fifth step of softening the surface of the processed material by preventing oxidation of the processed material, and a sixth step of finishing the processed material into a smooth surface state.
［実施態様コ
次に、本発明に係る鍛造方法について好適な実施態様を
挙げ、添付の図面を参照しながら以下詳細に説明する。[Embodiments] Next, preferred embodiments of the forging method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第２図に示すように、本発明に係る鍛造方法は、加熱工
程２０と、型打ち工程２２と、焼入れ工程２４と、ショ
ツトブラスト工程２６と、無酸化焼型工程２８と、冷間
サイジング工程３０とから加工材料を鍛造する。この場
合、前記加工材料の材質はクロムモリブデン鋼を選択し
た。As shown in FIG. 2, the forging method according to the present invention includes a heating step 20, a molding step 22, a quenching step 24, a shot blasting step 26, a non-oxidizing molding step 28, and a cold sizing step. The processed material is forged from 30. In this case, chromium molybdenum steel was selected as the material for the processing material.
そこで、先ず、前記加工材料を加熱工程２０により再結
晶温度以上に加熱する。次いで、前記加熱された加工材
料を、例えば、−組の金型間に配設して加圧し、所望の
形状に変形させる型打ち工程２２を行う。Therefore, first, the processed material is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the recrystallization temperature in a heating step 20. Next, a stamping step 22 is performed in which the heated processing material is placed, for example, between two sets of molds and pressurized to transform it into a desired shape.
次に、焼入れ工程２４において前記加工材料を冷却水に
より冷却して焼入れを行う。この結果、前記所望の形状
に変形された加工材料はその表面が硬化されることにな
る。この場合、前記加工材料の表面の硬度がＨＲｃ３５
以上になるよう前記冷却温度等を調整しておく。Next, in a hardening step 24, the processed material is cooled with cooling water and hardened. As a result, the surface of the processed material transformed into the desired shape is hardened. In this case, the surface hardness of the processed material is HRc35
The cooling temperature etc. are adjusted so that the temperature is above the above.
前記表面を硬化された加工材料はショツトブラスト工程
２６により鉄粒を衝撃的に当接されてその表面に付着す
る酸化被膜を取り除かれる。The processed material whose surface has been hardened is bombarded with iron grains in a shot blasting step 26 to remove the oxide film adhering to its surface.
その際、前記加工材料は焼入れ工程２４によりその表面
が十分に硬化されているため、前記加工材料において鉄
粒による圧痕が形成されるという事態を回避することが
出来る。At this time, since the surface of the processed material has been sufficiently hardened by the quenching step 24, it is possible to avoid the situation in which indentations caused by iron particles are formed in the processed material.
次に、前記加工の表面材料を再度軟化すべく無酸化焼型
を施す（無酸化規準工程２８）。すなわち、前記加工材
料を所定の温度で加熱し、所定時間経過後加熱された加
工材料を徐々に冷却して焼型を行う。この場合、当該焼
串工程は、例えば、加工材料を密閉した容器内に配設し
、真空吸引手段等により前記容器を負圧に維持し、すな
わち、真空中で焼型を行う等前記加工材料が酸化しない
ようにする。この無酸化規準工程２８において、加工材
料はその結晶組織の調整が行われ、機械的に性質の向上
が図られる。なお、前記無酸化規準工程２Ｂは加工材料
を還元性の雰囲気で行うことも可能であることは勿論で
ある。Next, non-oxidation baking is performed to soften the processed surface material again (non-oxidation standard step 28). That is, the processed material is heated at a predetermined temperature, and after a predetermined period of time has elapsed, the heated processed material is gradually cooled and baked. In this case, the skewering process involves, for example, placing the processed material in a sealed container and maintaining the container at negative pressure using a vacuum suction means, that is, baking the processed material in a vacuum. Avoid oxidation. In this non-oxidation standard step 28, the crystal structure of the processed material is adjusted and its mechanical properties are improved. Note that it is of course possible to carry out the non-oxidation standard step 2B in an atmosphere that reduces the processed material.
このようにして無酸化焼型を施された加工材料は冷間サ
イジング工程３０により製品として仕上げられる。すな
わち、前記冷間サイジング工程３０は、実質的に、加工
材料を加圧して所望の寸法にすると共に、当該加工材料
の表面を平滑に仕上げるものである。The processed material subjected to non-oxidation baking in this manner is finished as a product through a cold sizing step 30. That is, the cold sizing step 30 essentially pressurizes the processed material to give it a desired size and smoothes the surface of the processed material.
この場合、前記加工材料は焼入れ工程２４により表面が
硬化し、このためショツトブラスト工程２６による鉄粒
に起因する圧痕等が発生することかないため、その表面
の粗さの範囲を実質的に略１０μｍにすることが可能と
なる。従って、当該鍛造方法により成形された製品はａ
械加工等の加工を施さなくても所望の寸法が得られ、し
かも所望の範囲の平滑な表面性状を得ることが出来る。In this case, the surface of the processed material is hardened by the quenching step 24, and therefore no indentations caused by iron particles in the shot blasting step 26 occur, so that the roughness range of the surface is substantially reduced to about 10 μm. It becomes possible to Therefore, the product formed by the forging method is a
Desired dimensions can be obtained without processing such as machining, and smooth surface texture within a desired range can be obtained.
［発明の効果］
以上のように、本発明によれば、加工材料を加熱し、こ
れを加圧して所望の形状に変形させた後に前記加工材料
を焼入れしてその表面を一旦硬化させている。次いで、
前記加工材料の表面に鉄粒を衝撃的に当接させて前記加
工材料の表面に付着される酸化被膜を取り除いて後、前
記加工材料に無酸化焼型を施し、さらに冷間サイジング
を行っている。すなわち、前記焼型工程を真空中または
還元性の雰囲気で行って加工材料の表面が酸化すること
を防止している。従って、前記加工材料にショットプラ
スト工程を施しても鉄粒の圧痕が形成されることはない
。[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, the processed material is heated and pressurized to transform it into a desired shape, and then the processed material is quenched to once harden its surface. . Then,
Iron particles are brought into impact contact with the surface of the processed material to remove the oxide film attached to the surface of the processed material, and then the processed material is subjected to a non-oxidation baking mold, and further cold sizing is performed. There is. That is, the baking process is performed in a vacuum or in a reducing atmosphere to prevent the surface of the processed material from oxidizing. Therefore, even if the shot-plast process is performed on the processed material, no impressions of iron particles are formed.
しかも、前記加工材料を再度軟化させる際には、加工材
料を真空中、若しくは還元性の雰囲気で焼型している。Furthermore, when softening the processed material again, the processed material is baked in a vacuum or in a reducing atmosphere.
このため、製品に酸化被膜が発生することがない。この
結果、本発明に係る鍛造方法によれば相当に平滑な鍛造
表面を有する製品を得ることが可能となる利点が得られ
る。Therefore, no oxide film is formed on the product. As a result, the forging method according to the invention has the advantage that it is possible to obtain a product with a considerably smooth forged surface.
以上、本発明について好適な実施態様を挙げて説明した
が、本発明はこの実施態様に限定されるものではなく、
本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の改良並び
に設計の変更が可能なことは勿論である。Although the present invention has been described above with reference to preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Of course, various improvements and changes in design are possible without departing from the gist of the present invention.
第１図は従来技術に係る鍛造方法の各工程を示すブロッ
ク図、
第２図は本発明に係る鍛造方法の各工程を示すブロック
図である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing each step of a forging method according to the prior art, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing each step of a forging method according to the present invention.
Claims (3)
あって、加工材料を加熱する第１の工程と、当該加工材
料を加圧して所望の形状に変形する第２の工程と、前記
加工材料の表面を硬化させる第３の工程と、加工材料の
表面に付着する酸化被膜を取り除く第４の工程と、前記
加工材料の酸化を防止して当該加工材料の表面を軟化さ
せる第５の工程と、前記加工材料を平滑な表面状態に仕
上げる第６の工程とからなることを特徴とする鍛造方法
。(1) A method for forging a desired product by heating a processed material, which includes a first step of heating the processed material, a second step of pressurizing the processed material and deforming it into a desired shape, A third step of hardening the surface of the processed material, a fourth step of removing an oxide film adhering to the surface of the processed material, and a fifth step of softening the surface of the processed material by preventing oxidation of the processed material. and a sixth step of finishing the processed material into a smooth surface condition.
材料の表面を硬化させる第４の工程は、実質的に前記加
工材料に対する焼入れ工程からなる鍛造方法。(2) The forging method according to claim 1, wherein the fourth step of hardening the surface of the workpiece substantially comprises a quenching step for the workpiece.
おいて、第５の工程は加工材料に対し実質的に略真空中
または還元性の雰囲気で行う無酸化焼準工程からなる鍛
造方法。(3) In the method according to claim 1 or 2, the fifth step is a forging method comprising a non-oxidation normalizing step performed on the processed material substantially in a vacuum or in a reducing atmosphere. .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6485087A JPH0698430B2 (en) | 1987-03-19 | 1987-03-19 | Forging method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6485087A JPH0698430B2 (en) | 1987-03-19 | 1987-03-19 | Forging method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63230242A true JPS63230242A (en) | 1988-09-26 |
| JPH0698430B2 JPH0698430B2 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
Family
ID=13270086
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6485087A Expired - Lifetime JPH0698430B2 (en) | 1987-03-19 | 1987-03-19 | Forging method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0698430B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107350736A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2017-11-17 | 南京晨伟机械设备制造有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing process of high intensity stopper ring for plunger pump |
| CN107350729A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2017-11-17 | 南京晨伟机械设备制造有限公司 | A kind of preparation technology of high-strength valve cover for plunger pump |
| JP2022034600A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2022-03-04 | サムテック株式会社 | Manufacturing method of forged member |
-
1987
- 1987-03-19 JP JP6485087A patent/JPH0698430B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107350736A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2017-11-17 | 南京晨伟机械设备制造有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing process of high intensity stopper ring for plunger pump |
| CN107350729A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2017-11-17 | 南京晨伟机械设备制造有限公司 | A kind of preparation technology of high-strength valve cover for plunger pump |
| JP2022034600A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2022-03-04 | サムテック株式会社 | Manufacturing method of forged member |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0698430B2 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
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