JPS63207056A - Fuel cell - Google Patents
Fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63207056A JPS63207056A JP62038044A JP3804487A JPS63207056A JP S63207056 A JPS63207056 A JP S63207056A JP 62038044 A JP62038044 A JP 62038044A JP 3804487 A JP3804487 A JP 3804487A JP S63207056 A JPS63207056 A JP S63207056A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel gas
- fuel
- gas
- unit cell
- manifold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 25
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
- H01M8/2485—Arrangements for sealing external manifolds; Arrangements for mounting external manifolds around a stack
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔発明の目的〕
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は特に燃料ガス供給マニホールド内の積層方向圧
力分布を補正し燃料ガスが各セルに一様に分流するよう
に改良した燃料電池に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Object of the Invention] (Industrial Field of Application) The present invention is an improvement in which the pressure distribution in the stacking direction within the fuel gas supply manifold is corrected so that the fuel gas is uniformly distributed to each cell. related to fuel cells.
（従来の技術）
従来、燃料の有しているエネルギーを直接電気的エネル
ギーに変換する装置として燃料電池が知られている。こ
の燃料電池は通常、電解質層を挟んで一対の多孔質電極
を配置するとともに、一方の電極の背面に水素等の燃料
ガスを接触させ、また他方の電極の背面に酸素等の酸化
剤ガスを接触させ、このときに起こる電気化学的反応を
利用して、上記電極板間から電気エネルギーを取出すよ
うにしたものである。このように檎成された燃料電池に
おいては、前記燃料ガスと酸化剤ガスが供給されている
限り高い変換効率で電気エネルギーを取り出すことがで
きるものである。(Prior Art) Fuel cells are conventionally known as devices that directly convert energy contained in fuel into electrical energy. This fuel cell usually has a pair of porous electrodes placed with an electrolyte layer in between, and a fuel gas such as hydrogen is brought into contact with the back surface of one electrode, and an oxidant gas such as oxygen is brought into contact with the back surface of the other electrode. Electrical energy is extracted from between the electrode plates by making use of the electrochemical reaction that occurs at this time. The fuel cell constructed in this manner can extract electrical energy with high conversion efficiency as long as the fuel gas and oxidant gas are supplied.
第７図は上記原理に基づいて特にリン酸を電解質とした
リブ付電極型の燃料電池における単位セルの構成例を縦
断面斜視図にて示したものである。FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional perspective view showing an example of the structure of a unit cell in a ribbed electrode type fuel cell based on the above principle and using phosphoric acid as an electrolyte.
図において１は電解質としてのリン酸をマトリックスに
含浸してなる電解質層、３ａおよび３ｂはこの電解質層
１を挟んで配置された多孔質炭素材からなるアノード電
極およびカソード電極である。このアノード電極３ａお
よびカソード電極３ｂの電解質層１と接する側には触媒
２ａおよび２ｂが夫々塗布され、かつ背面側にはリブ４
ａおよび４ｂが形成され、このリブ４ａおよび４ｂで燃
料ガスおよび酸化剤ガスの流通する溝５ａおよび５ｂを
それぞれ形成している。In the figure, 1 is an electrolyte layer formed by impregnating a matrix with phosphoric acid as an electrolyte, and 3a and 3b are an anode electrode and a cathode electrode made of a porous carbon material arranged with this electrolyte layer 1 in between. Catalysts 2a and 2b are applied to the sides of the anode electrode 3a and cathode electrode 3b that are in contact with the electrolyte layer 1, respectively, and ribs 4 are applied to the back side.
a and 4b are formed, and these ribs 4a and 4b form grooves 5a and 5b, respectively, through which fuel gas and oxidizing gas flow.
ここで、燃料ガスの流通する溝５ａと酸化剤ガスの流通
する溝５ｂとは互いに直交する規則的に複数本平行に形
成されている。以上により単位セルが形成され、かかる
単位セルをち密な炭素質で作られたセパレータ６を挟ん
で単位セル積層体を構成している。Here, the grooves 5a through which the fuel gas flows and the grooves 5b through which the oxidant gas flows are regularly formed in parallel and orthogonally to each other. A unit cell is formed as described above, and a unit cell laminate is constructed by sandwiching the unit cell with a separator 6 made of dense carbonaceous material.
また、上記単位セル積層体は第８図に示す如くその上下
端部に集電板７．絶縁板８．締付板９および端子１０を
夫々取付け、適当な締付は圧で上下方向から締付けるよ
うにしている。さらにかかる単位セル積層体の側面側に
は、ガスケット１１を介して燃料ガス１２および酸化剤
ガス１３をそれぞれ管１４、１４を通して供給、排出す
るための一対のマニホールド１５および１６と１７およ
び１８を夫々対向して配置し、適当な圧力で締付固定す
ることにより燃料電池を構成している。The unit cell stack also has current collector plates 7 at its upper and lower ends, as shown in FIG. Insulating plate 8. The tightening plate 9 and the terminal 10 are respectively attached, and appropriate tightening is done by applying pressure from above and below. Further, on the side surfaces of the unit cell stack, a pair of manifolds 15 and 16 and a pair of manifolds 17 and 18 are provided for supplying and discharging fuel gas 12 and oxidant gas 13 through pipes 14 and 14, respectively, via gasket 11. A fuel cell is constructed by arranging them facing each other and tightening and fixing them with an appropriate pressure.
（発明が解決しようとする問題点）
さて、燃料ガス供給マニホールド１５の管１４より流入
する燃料ガス１２および酸化剤ガス供給マニホールド１
７の管より流入する酸化剤ガス１３は単位積層体内部に
分流し化学反応を起こすと共にガス組成を変化しながら
燃料ガス排出マニホールド１６および酸化剤ガス排出マ
ニホールド１８に達しそれぞれの管１４より外部へ流出
する。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) Now, the fuel gas 12 flowing from the pipe 14 of the fuel gas supply manifold 15 and the oxidant gas supply manifold 1
The oxidant gas 13 flowing in through the pipes 7 is divided into the unit laminate, causes a chemical reaction, and changes the gas composition while reaching the fuel gas discharge manifold 16 and the oxidant gas discharge manifold 18 and exits from each pipe 14. leak.
以上述べたような燃料電池内部に流れ、流出する燃料ガ
ス１２や酸化剤ガス１３の流れの様子は、例えば燃料ガ
スについての流れの様子は第９図（第８図の縦力向断図
）に示すようになる。酸化剤ガス１３についても同様と
なるので図は省略する。The flow of the fuel gas 12 and the oxidant gas 13 flowing into and out of the fuel cell as described above, for example, the flow of the fuel gas is shown in Figure 9 (longitudinal cross section in Figure 8). It becomes as shown in . The same applies to the oxidizing gas 13, so the illustration is omitted.
リン酸を電解質とする燃料電池では燃料ガス１２として
は天然ガスを改良して得られる水素を主成分とするガス
を、酸化剤ガスとしては空気を用いる。上述したように
燃料ガス１２と酸化剤ガス１３は化学反応によってガス
組成が変化するが、このリン酸を電解質とする燃料電池
では燃料ガス１２はガス組成の変化によって１反応前の
ガス密度よりも反応後のガス密度が増加する１通常の場
合、その増加は２倍程度となる。In a fuel cell using phosphoric acid as an electrolyte, a gas containing hydrogen as a main component obtained by improving natural gas is used as the fuel gas 12, and air is used as the oxidizing gas. As mentioned above, the gas composition of the fuel gas 12 and the oxidant gas 13 changes due to the chemical reaction, but in a fuel cell using phosphoric acid as an electrolyte, the gas density of the fuel gas 12 becomes lower than the gas density before one reaction due to the change in the gas composition. In the normal case where the gas density increases after the reaction, the increase is about twice as high.
他方、酸化剤ガス１３は化学反応に関与しない窒素を主
成分としているから、反応前後のガス密度の変化は小さ
い１通常の場合、前述した燃料ガス１２とは逆に酸化剤
１３の反応前のガス密度よりも反応後のガス密度は減少
するがその割合は１５％程度である。On the other hand, since the oxidant gas 13 has nitrogen as its main component, which does not participate in the chemical reaction, the change in gas density before and after the reaction is small.1 In normal cases, contrary to the fuel gas 12 described above, the oxidant gas 13 before the reaction The gas density after the reaction decreases more than the gas density, but the rate is about 15%.
ところで、燃料ガス供給マニホールド１５および排出マ
ニホールド１６や酸化剤ガス供給マニホールド１７およ
び排出マニホールド１８の内部圧力変化はそれぞれのマ
ニホールド内のガス密度によって生じる静水圧作用でマ
ニホールド上部からマニホールド下部に向って直線的に
増加する。そしてこの直線的に増加する圧力変化の勾配
はガス密度に比例している。By the way, internal pressure changes in the fuel gas supply manifold 15 and discharge manifold 16, oxidant gas supply manifold 17 and discharge manifold 18 occur linearly from the upper part of the manifold toward the lower part of the manifold due to hydrostatic pressure caused by the gas density in each manifold. increases to The gradient of this linearly increasing pressure change is proportional to the gas density.
この結果、前に述べた燃料ガス１２や酸化剤ガス１３の
反応前後のガス組成変化による密度変化により燃料ガス
供給マニホールド１５と燃料ガス排出マニホールド１６
の上下方向内部圧力変化は異なる。As a result, the fuel gas supply manifold 15 and the fuel gas discharge manifold 16 are caused to change in density due to the change in gas composition before and after the reaction of the fuel gas 12 and the oxidant gas 13 as described above.
The internal pressure changes in the vertical direction are different.
同様のことは、酸化剤ガス供給マニホールド１７と酸化
剤ガス排出マニホールド１８についても言える。The same can be said of the oxidant gas supply manifold 17 and the oxidant gas discharge manifold 18.
さて、単位セル積層体の積層されている各単位セルへの
反応ガス分流は、例えば燃料ガス１２では。Now, for example, in the case of the fuel gas 12, the reactant gas is divided into each stacked unit cell of the unit cell stack.
燃料ガス供給マニホールド１５と燃料ガス排出マニホー
ルド１６のとの内部圧力差を起動力として行なわれる。This is carried out using the internal pressure difference between the fuel gas supply manifold 15 and the fuel gas discharge manifold 16 as a starting force.
酸化剤ガス１３についても酸化剤ガス供給マニホールド
１７と酸化剤ガス排出マニホールド１８との間で同様に
して行なわれる。The same process is performed for the oxidant gas 13 between the oxidant gas supply manifold 17 and the oxidant gas discharge manifold 18.
ここで注目すべき点は燃料ガス１２のように反応前後で
密度変化の大きい場合にはマニホールド上部と下部では
単位セル積層体のうちこれらの部分に位置する単位セル
では燃料ガス１２の分流の起動力に大きな変化をきたし
単位セル間で分流の不均一を生じる。第１０図は以上説
明した燃料ガス１２の燃料ガス供給マニホールド１５．
燃料ガス排出マニホールド１６の内部圧力分布を燃料ガ
ス排出マニホールド１６の最上段単位セル位置に相当す
る箇所の圧力を基準として、ここから最下段単位セルの
位置に相当する箇所までについて示している。What should be noted here is that when the density of the fuel gas 12 is large before and after the reaction, the split flow of the fuel gas 12 is activated in the upper and lower parts of the manifold in the unit cells located in these parts of the unit cell stack. This causes a large change in force and causes non-uniform shunt flow between unit cells. FIG. 10 shows the fuel gas supply manifold 15 for the fuel gas 12 described above.
The internal pressure distribution of the fuel gas exhaust manifold 16 is shown based on the pressure at a location corresponding to the uppermost unit cell position of the fuel gas exhaust manifold 16, and from this point to a location corresponding to the lowermost unit cell position.
これによれば、単位セル積層体において、燃料ガス供給
マニホールドの圧力分布１９ａの圧力勾配と燃料ガス排
出マニホールドの圧力分布２０の圧力勾配が異なるため
、各車焦セルへのガス分流の起動力となる圧力差はすべ
て異ったものとなる。すなわち、上部に積層される単位
セルから下部に積層される単位セルに向ってガス分流の
起動力となる圧力差が直線的に変化して小さくなり、こ
の結果前者の単位セルに比較して後者の単位セルへのガ
ス分流々量が低下することになる。According to this, in the unit cell stack, since the pressure gradient of the pressure distribution 19a of the fuel gas supply manifold and the pressure gradient of the pressure distribution 20 of the fuel gas discharge manifold are different, the starting force for gas division to each vehicle ignition cell and All pressure differences will be different. In other words, the pressure difference, which is the driving force for gas division, changes linearly and becomes smaller from the unit cell stacked on the top to the unit cell stacked on the bottom, and as a result, the pressure difference in the latter unit cell changes linearly and becomes smaller. This results in a decrease in the amount of gas flowing into the unit cell.
この現象の傾向は単位セル積層体の出力増大をはかるた
めに単位セル積層数を増して行うような場合には積層高
さが大きくなることによって増々拡大する方向に向うこ
ととなる。If the number of unit cells stacked is increased in order to increase the output of the unit cell stack, the tendency of this phenomenon will increase as the stack height increases.
なお、酸化剤ガス１３についてはもともと反応前後のガ
ス密度変化は小さく燃料ガス１２の場合のように分流の
不均一が大きく生じることはない。Note that the change in gas density before and after the reaction of the oxidant gas 13 is originally small, and unlike the case of the fuel gas 12, large non-uniformity of flow does not occur.
以上述べたように単位セル積層体に燃料ガス供給マニホ
ールド１５より各単位セルに供給される燃料ガス１２は
単位セル積層体の上下方向の各単位セル間で大きな分流
不均一を生じこの結果、各単位セル間での化学反応条件
が変化し、当初期待したような高い変換効率で電気エネ
ルギーを取出すことができないというような事態を招く
ことになる。As described above, the fuel gas 12 supplied to each unit cell from the fuel gas supply manifold 15 in the unit cell stack causes large non-uniform distribution between the unit cells in the vertical direction of the unit cell stack. This changes the chemical reaction conditions between the unit cells, leading to a situation where it is no longer possible to extract electrical energy with the high conversion efficiency originally expected.
本発明の目的は単位セル積層体の各単位セルに均一に燃
料ガスを供給するようにし高い変換効率で電気エネルギ
ーを取出すことのできる燃料電池を得ることを目的とす
る。An object of the present invention is to obtain a fuel cell that can uniformly supply fuel gas to each unit cell of a unit cell stack and extract electrical energy with high conversion efficiency.
（問題点を解決するための手段）
本発明の燃料電池は燃料ガスのガス供給マニホールド内
部を単位セル積層体の積層方向にオリフィス板を設けて
複数に分割し単位セルに燃料ガスを供給するようにマニ
ホールド内部のガス流路を構成したことを特徴とする。(Means for Solving the Problems) The fuel cell of the present invention divides the inside of the fuel gas gas supply manifold into a plurality of parts by providing an orifice plate in the stacking direction of the unit cell stack to supply fuel gas to the unit cells. The gas flow path inside the manifold is configured as follows.
（作 用）
本発明においては燃料ガス供給マニホールド内部に流入
した燃料ガスは第一オリフィス板によって形成された第
一仕切り室において、この仕切り室部分に位置する各単
位セルへ分流すると共に余剰となったガスは第一オリフ
ィス板より流出して第二仕切り室へ流入する。このとき
第一オリフィス板により燃料ガス流に圧力損失が発生し
、この第一オリフィス板の通過後のガス圧力は通過前の
ガス圧力よりも減小する。この圧力損失は燃料ガス供給
マニホールド内部を仕切るようにして設けたオリフィス
板の数だけ発生することになる。(Function) In the present invention, the fuel gas that has flowed into the fuel gas supply manifold is divided in the first partition chamber formed by the first orifice plate to each unit cell located in this partition chamber portion, and becomes surplus. The gas flows out of the first orifice plate and flows into the second partition. At this time, a pressure loss occurs in the fuel gas flow due to the first orifice plate, and the gas pressure after passing through the first orifice plate is lower than the gas pressure before passing. This pressure loss occurs by the number of orifice plates provided to partition the inside of the fuel gas supply manifold.
これにより燃料ガスのガス密度によって生じる静水圧作
用で単位セル積層方向に直線的に分布するガス圧力に変
化を与えることができ、ガス圧力分布の勾配を近似的に
大きくすることができる。Thereby, it is possible to change the gas pressure linearly distributed in the unit cell stacking direction by the hydrostatic pressure effect caused by the gas density of the fuel gas, and it is possible to approximately increase the gradient of the gas pressure distribution.
これにより、ガス密度の大きい燃料ガス排出マニホール
ドの圧力分布の勾配に近づけることができ。This makes it possible to approximate the pressure distribution gradient of the fuel gas exhaust manifold, which has a high gas density.
燃料ガス供給および排出マニホールドの圧力差を単位セ
ル積層方向にほぼ等しくすることができ、これを起動力
とする各単位セルへのガス分流の均一化をはかることが
できる。The pressure difference between the fuel gas supply and exhaust manifolds can be made approximately equal in the stacking direction of the unit cells, and this can be used as a driving force to equalize the gas distribution to each unit cell.
（実施例） 以下、本発明の一実施例を第１図に基づいて説明する。(Example) An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.
尚、第１図において第８図と同一部分には同一の符号を
付しその説明を省略しここでは異なる部分についてのみ
述べる。In FIG. 1, the same parts as in FIG. 8 are given the same reference numerals, and the explanation thereof will be omitted, and only the different parts will be described here.
すなわち、本実施例においては、第１図に示すように燃
料ガス供給マニホールド１５の内部を複数の仕切り室に
分け、下部より順に第一仕切り室２１ａ、第二仕切り室
２１ｂおよび第３仕切り室２１ｃとする。これらの仕切
、り室の数は単位セル積層体の積層高さ、燃料ガス１２
の流入流量と電池内部での反応前後のガス密度変化など
をパラメータとして決めれられるもので、本実施例では
３個の仕切り室を設けた場合を示している。That is, in this embodiment, the inside of the fuel gas supply manifold 15 is divided into a plurality of partition chambers as shown in FIG. shall be. The number of these partitions and chambers depends on the stacking height of the unit cell stack and the fuel gas 12.
This can be determined using parameters such as the inflow flow rate of the gas and the change in gas density before and after the reaction inside the battery, and this example shows a case where three partition chambers are provided.
当然のことながら３個の仕切り室を設ける場合には２個
のオリフィス板が必要となるが、これらのオリフィス板
を下部より順に第一オリフィス板２２ａおよび第２オリ
フイス板２２ｂとし、それぞれの形状を第２図および第
３図に示す、第２図に示す第一オリフィス板２２ａにつ
いては燃料ガス１２がここを通過する際に発生させるべ
き圧力損失からオリフィス２３ａの直径と数を選定する
ことができる。Naturally, two orifice plates are required when three partitions are provided, but these orifice plates are designated as a first orifice plate 22a and a second orifice plate 22b in order from the bottom, and their shapes are changed. As for the first orifice plate 22a shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the diameter and number of orifices 23a can be selected based on the pressure loss that should be generated when the fuel gas 12 passes therethrough. .
またオリフィス２３ａの配置は燃料ガス１２に偏流が生
じないように適度に分散して行えばよい。Further, the orifices 23a may be arranged in an appropriately dispersed manner so as to prevent drifting of the fuel gas 12.
第３図に示す第二オリフィス板２２ｂについては。Regarding the second orifice plate 22b shown in FIG.
第一仕切り室２１ａ部分の各単位セルに分流した残りの
燃料ガス１２が通過することになるのでガス流量は第一
オリフィス板２２ａに比べ減小する。第一オリフィス板
２２ａと同程度の圧力損失の発生を得るためには、第一
オリフィス板２２ａのオリフィス２３ａより直径を小さ
くし数を減じて、オリフィス２３ｂのガス流速を大きく
し圧力損失を発生するようにすればよい。Since the remaining fuel gas 12 that has been divided into each unit cell in the first partition chamber 21a portion passes through, the gas flow rate is reduced compared to the first orifice plate 22a. In order to generate the same level of pressure loss as the first orifice plate 22a, the first orifice plate 22a has a smaller diameter and fewer orifices than the orifices 23a, and the gas flow velocity of the orifices 23b is increased to generate pressure loss. Just do it like this.
ここで、本実施例のオリフィス板２２ａや２２ｂのオリ
フィス２３ａや２３ｂは円形のオリフィスの場合につい
て示したものであるが、単に圧力損失を発生させるため
のものであるから円形以外の形状であっても、必要な圧
力損失を発生することができれば何ら不都合はない。Here, the orifices 23a and 23b of the orifice plates 22a and 22b in this embodiment are shown as circular orifices, but since they are simply for generating pressure loss, they may have a shape other than circular. However, there is no problem if the necessary pressure loss can be generated.
以上、述べたように燃料ガス供給マニホールドの内部を
少なくとも１個以上のオリフィス板で仕切るように構成
した燃料電池において、燃料ガス１２が燃料ガス供給マ
ニホールド１５下部の管１４より流入すると、まず第一
仕切り室２１ａにおいてこの部分に積層されている各単
位セルへ燃料ガス１２が分流すると共に残りの燃料ガス
１２は第一オリフィス板２２ａに設けたオリフィス２３
８に向って流れ込み、このオリフィス２３ａを通過する
際に圧力損失を発生する。As described above, in a fuel cell configured such that the inside of the fuel gas supply manifold is partitioned by at least one orifice plate, when the fuel gas 12 flows in from the pipe 14 at the bottom of the fuel gas supply manifold 15, first In the partition chamber 21a, the fuel gas 12 is branched to each unit cell stacked in this part, and the remaining fuel gas 12 is passed through the orifice 23 provided in the first orifice plate 22a.
8 and generates a pressure loss when passing through this orifice 23a.
次いでオリフィス２３ａより第二仕切り室２１ｂに流入
する燃料ガス１２は第一仕切り室２１ａの場合と全く同
様にして第二仕切り室２１ｂの部分に積層されている各
単位セルへ燃料ガス１２が分流すると共に残りの燃料ガ
ス１２は第二オリフィス板２２ｂに設けたオリフィス２
３ｂに向って流れ込み、このオリフィス２３ｂを通過す
る際に圧力損失を発生する。Next, the fuel gas 12 flowing into the second partition chamber 21b from the orifice 23a is divided into unit cells stacked in the second partition chamber 21b in exactly the same manner as in the case of the first partition chamber 21a. At the same time, the remaining fuel gas 12 is passed through the orifice 2 provided on the second orifice plate 22b.
3b and generates a pressure loss when passing through this orifice 23b.
更に、オリフィス２３ｂより第三仕切り室２１ｃに流入
する燃料ガス１２は第三仕切り室２１ｃの一部分に積層
されている各単位セルへ分流する。Further, the fuel gas 12 flowing into the third partition chamber 21c from the orifice 23b is divided into unit cells stacked in a portion of the third partition chamber 21c.
以上のようにして単位セル積層体内部に分流した燃料ガ
ス１２はこれに直交して単位セル積層体内部に流通する
酸化剤ガスと化学反応しながら燃料ガス排出マニホール
ド１６に達する。このようにして各単位セルから排出さ
れる燃料ガス１２は燃料ガス排出マニホールド１６の内
部で合流すると共にこの下部の管１４より外部へ流出す
る。The fuel gas 12 branched into the unit cell stack as described above reaches the fuel gas exhaust manifold 16 while chemically reacting with the oxidizing gas flowing inside the unit cell stack perpendicularly thereto. The fuel gas 12 discharged from each unit cell in this manner joins together inside the fuel gas discharge manifold 16 and flows out through the lower pipe 14.
以上説明した燃料電池内の燃料ガス１２の流れ過程にお
いて、燃料ガス供給マニホールド１５の内部圧力分布は
第４図のようになる。この図は本実施例の場合を実線で
示すと共に従来例の場合（第１０図で示したもの）を破
線で示している１本実施例の場合は各オリフィス板２２
ａおよび２２ｂの部分で発生する圧力損失のため、従来
単位セル積層体全体に亘って直線的に分布していた燃料
ガス供給マニホールドの圧力分布１９ａが、各仕切り室
２１ａ、２１ｂおよび２１ｃ毎に階段状に変化し圧力分
布１９ｂとなる。In the flow process of the fuel gas 12 in the fuel cell described above, the internal pressure distribution of the fuel gas supply manifold 15 is as shown in FIG. In this figure, the case of this embodiment is shown by solid lines, and the case of the conventional example (shown in FIG. 10) is shown by broken lines.In the case of this embodiment, each orifice plate 22
Due to the pressure loss occurring in portions a and 22b, the pressure distribution 19a of the fuel gas supply manifold, which was conventionally distributed linearly over the entire unit cell stack, has been changed to a stepwise distribution for each partition chamber 21a, 21b, and 21c. The pressure distribution changes as follows, resulting in a pressure distribution 19b.
この結果、単位セル積層方向の圧力勾配は近似的に大き
くなり、燃料ガス排出マニホールド圧力分布２０の単位
セル積層方向の圧力勾配に近づけることができ、燃料ガ
ス供給マニホールド１５と燃料ガス排出マニホールドと
の圧力差の均一化をはかることができる。これにより、
この圧力差を起動力として流れる各単位セルへのガス分
流の均一化をはかることができる。次ぎに１本発明によ
る他の実施例を第５図に示す。As a result, the pressure gradient in the unit cell stacking direction becomes approximately large, and can approach the pressure gradient in the unit cell stacking direction of the fuel gas exhaust manifold pressure distribution 20, and the pressure gradient between the fuel gas supply manifold 15 and the fuel gas exhaust manifold It is possible to equalize the pressure difference. This results in
Using this pressure difference as a driving force, it is possible to equalize the gas distribution to each unit cell. Next, another embodiment according to the present invention is shown in FIG.
尚、第５図においては第一の実施例と同様に。In addition, in FIG. 5, it is the same as the first embodiment.
第８図と同一の部分には同一の符号を付しその説明は省
略し、異なる部分についてのみ述べる。 。The same parts as in FIG. 8 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the explanation thereof will be omitted, and only the different parts will be described. .
本実施例においては第５図に示すように、燃料ガス供給
マニホールド１５の内部に５個の仕切り室２４ａ〜２４
ｅを設け、これらの仕切り室２４ａ〜２４ｅの各間に配
置する４個の仕切り板２５ａ〜２５ｅは単位セル積層体
の側面から間隙２６ａ〜２６ｄをそれぞれ設けて配置し
１間隙の大きさは上部側へいくほど小さくする。In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, five partition chambers 24a to 24 are provided inside the fuel gas supply manifold 15.
The four partition plates 25a to 25e arranged between the partition chambers 24a to 24e are arranged with gaps 26a to 26d from the side surfaces of the unit cell stack, respectively, and the size of one gap is the same as that of the upper part. Make it smaller towards the side.
このように、燃料ガス供給マニホールド１５の内部を構
成した燃料電池において燃料ガス１２が燃料ガス供給マ
ニホールド１５の下部の管１４より流入すると、まず第
一仕切り室２４ａにおいてこの部分に積層されている各
単位セルへ燃料ガス１２が分流すると共に残りの燃料ガ
ス１２は第１仕切り室２５ａと単位セル積層体の側面の
間に形成された間隙２６ａに向って流れ込みこの間隙２
６ａを通過する際に圧力損失を発生する。ここで、間隙
２６ａで発生する圧力損失は間隙の大きさによって変え
ることができ、適度な圧力損失の大きさを選定すること
ができる。In this manner, when the fuel gas 12 flows into the fuel cell configured inside the fuel gas supply manifold 15 from the pipe 14 at the lower part of the fuel gas supply manifold 15, first, each of the layers stacked in this part in the first partition chamber 24a While the fuel gas 12 is divided into the unit cells, the remaining fuel gas 12 flows toward the gap 26a formed between the first partition chamber 25a and the side surface of the unit cell stack.
A pressure loss occurs when passing through 6a. Here, the pressure loss generated in the gap 26a can be changed depending on the size of the gap, and an appropriate size of the pressure loss can be selected.
次に間隙２６ａにより第二の仕切り室２４ｄに流入する
燃料ガス１２は同様にして順次、上部側の仕切り室２４
ｃ、２４ｄおよび２４ｅまで各オリフンス２６ｂ 、
２６ｃおよび２６ｅを通過して各単位セルへ分流すし、
以後は第一の実施例と同様にして燃料ガス排出マニホー
ルド１６内を流れる。Next, the fuel gas 12 flowing into the second partition chamber 24d through the gap 26a is sequentially transferred to the upper partition chamber 24.
c, 24d and 24e to each orifice 26b,
It passes through 26c and 26e and is divided into each unit cell,
Thereafter, the fuel gas flows through the fuel gas exhaust manifold 16 in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
以上の燃料ガス１２の流れ過程における燃料ガス供給マ
ニホールド１５の内部圧力分布は第６図のようになる。The internal pressure distribution of the fuel gas supply manifold 15 during the above flow process of the fuel gas 12 is as shown in FIG.
第４図の場合と同様に本実施例の場合を実線、従来例の
場合を破線で示すが、本実施例では、第一の実施例の場
合より仕切り室の個数が増しているので各仕切り板部で
発生する圧力損失の大きさを小さくでき、燃料ガス排出
マニホールド１６の直線的に変化する内部圧力分布に更
に近づけることができる。As in the case of FIG. 4, the case of this embodiment is shown by a solid line, and the case of the conventional example is shown by a broken line. The magnitude of the pressure loss generated in the plate portion can be reduced, and the internal pressure distribution can be made closer to the linearly changing internal pressure distribution of the fuel gas exhaust manifold 16.
したがって１本実施例のように構成した燃料電池におい
ては第一の実施例で得られた効果と同等あるいはそれ以
上の効果を期待できる。Therefore, in a fuel cell constructed as in this embodiment, it is possible to expect an effect equal to or greater than that obtained in the first embodiment.
尚１本発明は以上述べた実施例の他その要旨を変形しな
い範囲で、種々に変形して実施することができるもので
ある。In addition to the embodiments described above, the present invention can be implemented in various ways without changing the gist thereof.
以上説明したように本発明による燃料電池において、単
位セル積層体に燃料ガスを供給するマニホールド内部に
燃料ガス流によって圧力損失を発生する流れ制御体を配
置して、内部圧力分布の勾配を、燃料ガスを排出するマ
ニホールドの内部圧力分布の勾配に可能なかぎり近づけ
、各単位セルに供給する燃料ガスの分流のための圧力差
を均一化し、これにより各単位セルに流入する燃料ガス
流量の均一化をはかることができる。As explained above, in the fuel cell according to the present invention, a flow control body that generates a pressure loss due to the flow of fuel gas is disposed inside the manifold that supplies fuel gas to the unit cell stack, so that the gradient of the internal pressure distribution can be controlled by controlling the gradient of the internal pressure distribution. The gradient of the internal pressure distribution of the manifold that discharges gas is made as close as possible to equalize the pressure difference for dividing the fuel gas supplied to each unit cell, thereby equalizing the fuel gas flow rate flowing into each unit cell. can be measured.
したがって、従来単位セル積層体に供給される燃料ガス
の積層体上下方向の各単位セル間で不均一な分流のため
に起こっていた化学反応条件の変化より生じる燃料電池
の特性低下をなくすことができ、高い変換効率で電気エ
ネルギーを取出すことのできる燃料電池を得るのに功を
奏する。Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the deterioration in fuel cell characteristics caused by changes in chemical reaction conditions that conventionally occur due to non-uniform branching of fuel gas supplied to the unit cell stack between unit cells in the vertical direction of the stack. This is an effective way to obtain a fuel cell that can extract electrical energy with high conversion efficiency.
第１図は本発明の燃料電池の一実施例を示す断面図、第
２図および第３図は第１図に示すオリフィス板の詳細図
、第４図は第１図の燃料マニホールドの圧力分布を示す
図、第５図は本発明の燃料電池の他の実施例を示す断面
図、第６図は第５図の燃料マニホールドの圧力分布を示
す図、第７図は従来の燃料電池における単位セルを示す
斜視図。
第８図は従来の燃料電池における単位セル積層状態を示
す斜視図、第９図は第８図の断面図、第１０図は第８図
の燃料マニホールドの圧力分布を示す図である。
１・・・電解質層 ２ａ 、 ２ｂ・
・・触媒３ａ・・・アノード電極 ３ｂ・
・・カソード電極４ａ、４ｂ＝リブ
５ａ、５ｂ−溝６・・・セパレータ ７
・・・集電板８・・・絶縁板 ９・
・・締付板１０・・・端子 １１
・・・ガスケット１２・・・燃料ガス
１３・・・酸化剤ガス１４・・・管
１５・・・燃料ガス供給マニホールド
１６・・・燃料ガス排出マニホールド
１７・・・酸化剤ガス供給マニホールド１８・・・酸化
剤ガス排出マニホールド１９ａ、１９ｂ、１９ｃ・・・
燃料ガス供給マニホールドの圧力分布２０・・・燃料ガ
ス排出マニホールドの圧力分布２１ａ、２１ｂ、２１ｃ
、２４ａ、２４ｂ、２４ｃ、２４ｄ、２４ｅ−仕切り室
２２ａ、２２ｂ・・・オリフィス板
２３ａ 、 ２３ｂ・・・オリフィス
２５ａ、２５ｂ、２５ｃ、２５ｄ−仕切り板２６ａ、２
６ｂ、２６ｃ、２６ｃｌ・間隙代理人 弁理士 則 近
憲 佑
同 三俣弘文
第１図
２ｂ
第３図
元方
第４図
第５図
斥力
第６図
第７図
第９図
第１０図FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the fuel cell of the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are detailed views of the orifice plate shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is the pressure distribution of the fuel manifold shown in FIG. 1. , FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the fuel cell of the present invention, FIG. 6 is a view showing the pressure distribution of the fuel manifold of FIG. 5, and FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the unit in the conventional fuel cell. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a cell. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a stacked state of unit cells in a conventional fuel cell, FIG. 9 is a sectional view of FIG. 8, and FIG. 10 is a view showing the pressure distribution of the fuel manifold of FIG. 8. 1... Electrolyte layer 2a, 2b.
...Catalyst 3a...Anode electrode 3b.
...Cathode electrodes 4a, 4b = ribs
5a, 5b-Groove 6...Separator 7
... Current collector plate 8 ... Insulating plate 9.
...Tightening plate 10...Terminal 11
... Gasket 12 ... Fuel gas
13...Oxidant gas 14...Pipe 15...Fuel gas supply manifold 16...Fuel gas discharge manifold 17...Oxidant gas supply manifold 18...Oxidant gas discharge manifold 19a, 19b, 19c...
Pressure distribution of fuel gas supply manifold 20...Pressure distribution of fuel gas discharge manifold 21a, 21b, 21c
, 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d, 24e - Partition chambers 22a, 22b... Orifice plates 23a, 23b... Orifices 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d - Partition plates 26a, 2
6b, 26c, 26cl/Gap Agent Patent Attorney Nori Ken Yudo Hirofumi Mitsumata Figure 1 2b Figure 3 Motokata Figure 4 Figure 5 Repulsion Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 9 Figure 10
Claims (1)
一対の多孔質電極を配置して成る単位セルを複数個積層
して四角柱状の単位セル積層体形成し、この単位セル積
層体の側面に当該単位セル積層体の側面との間に燃料ガ
スや酸化剤ガスの供給および配出用のマニホールドを配
置した燃料電池において、燃料ガス供給マニホールドの
ガス流路空間を単位セル積層方向に複数個のガス流路空
間に分割し、隣接する当該ガス流路空間の境界に当該ガ
ス流路空間を結ぶすくなくとも一個以上の連通路を設け
て成る燃料ガス供給マニホールドを有することを特徴と
する燃料電池。 ２）特許請求の範囲第１項記載のものにおいて、燃料ガ
ス供給マニホールドの燃料ガス流入口に近い分割された
ガス流路空間の境界に設ける連通路ほど当該連通路の合
計断面積を大きくする燃料ガス供給マニホールドを有す
ることを特徴とする燃料電池。[Claims] 1) A square columnar unit cell laminate is formed by stacking a plurality of unit cells each having a pair of porous electrodes sandwiching an electrolyte layer in which a matrix is impregnated with an electrolyte; In a fuel cell in which a manifold for supplying and distributing fuel gas and oxidizing gas is arranged between the side surface of the stacked body and the side surface of the unit cell stacked body, the gas flow path space of the fuel gas supply manifold is arranged between the side surface of the unit cell stacked body and the side surface of the unit cell stacked body. It is characterized by having a fuel gas supply manifold which is divided into a plurality of gas flow passage spaces in the direction, and at least one or more communication passages connecting the gas flow passage spaces are provided at the boundaries of the adjacent gas flow passage spaces. fuel cell. 2) In the fuel as set forth in claim 1, the total cross-sectional area of the communication passages is larger as the communication passages are provided closer to the boundaries of the divided gas flow passage spaces near the fuel gas inlet of the fuel gas supply manifold. A fuel cell characterized in that it has a gas supply manifold.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62038044A JPH0638344B2 (en) | 1987-02-23 | 1987-02-23 | Fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62038044A JPH0638344B2 (en) | 1987-02-23 | 1987-02-23 | Fuel cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63207056A true JPS63207056A (en) | 1988-08-26 |
| JPH0638344B2 JPH0638344B2 (en) | 1994-05-18 |
Family
ID=12514531
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62038044A Expired - Fee Related JPH0638344B2 (en) | 1987-02-23 | 1987-02-23 | Fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0638344B2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013143269A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2013-07-22 | Toshiba Fuel Cell Power Systems Corp | Fuel cell and distribution manifold |
| EP2668691A4 (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2016-10-05 | Fuelcell Energy Inc | Manifold assembly for controlling gas flow and flow distribution in a fuel cell stack |
| JP2016536772A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-11-24 | アウディ アクチェンゲゼルシャフトＡｕｄｉ Ａｇ | Baffle for fuel cell manifold |
| JP2018088396A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2018-06-07 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Manifold |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61151263U (en) * | 1985-03-11 | 1986-09-18 | ||
| JPS6217962A (en) * | 1985-03-08 | 1987-01-26 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel cell |
-
1987
- 1987-02-23 JP JP62038044A patent/JPH0638344B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6217962A (en) * | 1985-03-08 | 1987-01-26 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel cell |
| JPS61151263U (en) * | 1985-03-11 | 1986-09-18 |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2668691A4 (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2016-10-05 | Fuelcell Energy Inc | Manifold assembly for controlling gas flow and flow distribution in a fuel cell stack |
| JP2013143269A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2013-07-22 | Toshiba Fuel Cell Power Systems Corp | Fuel cell and distribution manifold |
| JP2016536772A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-11-24 | アウディ アクチェンゲゼルシャフトＡｕｄｉ Ａｇ | Baffle for fuel cell manifold |
| JP2018088396A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2018-06-07 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Manifold |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0638344B2 (en) | 1994-05-18 |
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Legal Events
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| S111 | Request for change of ownership or part of ownership |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313111 |
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| R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
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| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |