JPS63172804A - Steam generator - Google Patents

Steam generator

Info

Publication number
JPS63172804A
JPS63172804A JP351487A JP351487A JPS63172804A JP S63172804 A JPS63172804 A JP S63172804A JP 351487 A JP351487 A JP 351487A JP 351487 A JP351487 A JP 351487A JP S63172804 A JPS63172804 A JP S63172804A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
water
water supply
steam
steam generator
tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP351487A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2548158B2 (en
Inventor
足立 義幸
豊 上村
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP62003514A priority Critical patent/JP2548158B2/en
Publication of JPS63172804A publication Critical patent/JPS63172804A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2548158B2 publication Critical patent/JP2548158B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。
(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は、家庭の浴室やシャワールーム等をウェットサ
ウナとして利用するのに適した蒸気発生装置に関するも
のである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a steam generator suitable for using a home bathroom, shower room, etc. as a wet sauna.

従来の技術 従来、この種の蒸気発生装置は、第4図に開示されてい
るように、蒸気発生器への水タンクからの水の供給は、
蒸気加熱管60と水加熱管61を気水分離筒62で接続
した蒸気発生器に、カセット式の水タンク槽63から水
加熱管61へ循環管64を経て水が自然落差により供給
される。図中65は水加熱管61と蒸気加熱管60を加
熱するバーナである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Conventionally, in this type of steam generator, water is supplied to the steam generator from a water tank, as shown in FIG.
Water is supplied from a cassette-type water tank 63 to the water heating pipe 61 via a circulation pipe 64 by natural head to a steam generator in which a steam heating pipe 60 and a water heating pipe 61 are connected by a steam/water separating tube 62. In the figure, 65 is a burner that heats the water heating tube 61 and the steam heating tube 60.

又、水の使用量が少ないので蒸気発生器内のスケール付
着を防止するための排水も行なわれないのが一般的であ
った。従って、排水弁は特に設けられていない。さらに
、家庭用より大きな貯水量を有する業務用の蒸気発生装
置では、第5図に開示されているように、ボイラ燃焼室
66の周囲に多数設けられた水管67を加熱して蒸気を
発生させるものが一般的であり、その蒸気圧力が高く、
蒸気圧力より高い給水圧力で給水するため高圧ポンプ6
8により給水し、スケール付着防止については定期的に
ボイラ管理者等がドレン排水コツクロ9を開弁して行な
っていた。
Furthermore, since the amount of water used is small, drainage is generally not performed to prevent scale build-up within the steam generator. Therefore, no particular drain valve is provided. Furthermore, in a steam generator for commercial use which has a larger water storage capacity than that for home use, steam is generated by heating a large number of water pipes 67 provided around the boiler combustion chamber 66, as shown in FIG. is common, its steam pressure is high,
High pressure pump 6 to supply water with water supply pressure higher than steam pressure
8, and the boiler manager and others regularly opened the drain valve 9 to prevent scale build-up.

発明が解決しようとする問題点 このような従来の構成では、バーナ65により水加熱管
61を加熱すると、水が沸騰して気液混合の蒸気が発生
する。そして、気水分離筒62で気液混合が分離され、
蒸気のみが蒸気加熱管60でさらに加熱される。このよ
うにして、蒸気発生器内の水が蒸発により減少すると、
タンク槽63または給水路中に設けられた弁部(図示し
ない)を開き水を補給する時に、蒸気発生器の有する蒸
気圧がタンク槽63に加わるため、タンク槽63は大気
とは遮断された密閉型でなければならなかった。また、
蒸気を顔面にあてて射孔を開かせ、汚物を取り出す美顔
器のようなスチーム発生器では、使用する水量が少ない
のでタンク槽63も小型でよいが、本発明のように家庭
用等の少人数の使用するサウナに使用する場合は水量も
一人一回で約4500ccとなりタンク槽6aの容量が
大となり装置全体が大きくなり、さらに入浴ごとに毎回
補給せねばならない問題点がある。また水タンクを自動
給水方式の開放型タンクにすると、蒸気発生器の蒸気圧
が循環管を通じて水タンクに加わるので、水タンクの水
位を蒸気圧(約0.2kg i/ am 2)相当高く
せねばならず、水タンクと蒸気発生器部を同一のブロッ
クでコンパクトに収容できない問題点があった。
Problems to be Solved by the Invention In such a conventional configuration, when the water heating tube 61 is heated by the burner 65, the water boils and steam of gas-liquid mixture is generated. Then, the gas-liquid mixture is separated in the steam-water separator 62,
Only the steam is further heated in the steam heating tube 60. In this way, when the water in the steam generator is reduced by evaporation,
When the tank tank 63 or a valve (not shown) provided in the water supply channel is opened to replenish water, the steam pressure of the steam generator is applied to the tank tank 63, so the tank tank 63 is isolated from the atmosphere. It had to be a closed type. Also,
In a steam generator such as a facial beauty device that exposes steam to the face and opens the injection hole to take out dirt, the tank 63 may be small because the amount of water used is small, but if the tank 63 is small as in the present invention, When the sauna is used by a number of people, the amount of water is approximately 4,500 cc per person, which increases the capacity of the tank 6a, making the entire device large, and there is also the problem that it must be replenished every time the sauna takes a bath. Furthermore, if the water tank is an open tank with an automatic water supply system, the steam pressure from the steam generator will be applied to the water tank through the circulation pipe, so the water level in the water tank will have to be raised considerably to the steam pressure (approximately 0.2 kg i/am2). Therefore, there was a problem that the water tank and the steam generator section could not be compactly accommodated in the same block.

さらに家庭用のスチームサウナに用いる蒸気発生装置と
しては次の問題点がある。■家庭用の蒸気発生装置とし
て、メンテナンス不要にするためスケール付着を防止す
るための自動排水機構等の掃除を必要としない機構が付
加されたものが無い。
Furthermore, there are the following problems with steam generators used in home steam saunas. ■There are no domestic steam generators that are equipped with a mechanism that does not require cleaning, such as an automatic drainage mechanism to prevent scale build-up, to eliminate the need for maintenance.

■サウナ入浴後、CaやMg等が濃縮された蒸気発生器
内の水を排水′するのが好ましいが、再入浴時に給水時
間がかかり、入浴準備時間が長い。■排水がスムーズで
なく時間がかかると、入浴停止から次の再入浴時までの
時間が短かい場合、再給水時間に排水時間も付加されて
更に入浴準備時間が長くなる。
- After taking a sauna bath, it is preferable to drain the water in the steam generator, which is enriched with Ca, Mg, etc., but it takes time to refill the water and take a long time to prepare for the bath. ■If drainage is not smooth and takes time, and if the time from stopping bathing to re-bathing is short, draining time is added to re-watering time, making bath preparation time even longer.

又、加熱用バーナなどの発熱量によって蒸気発生器から
発生する蒸気の噴出量によって、加熱時間が長いと浴室
等の室内温度が上昇し過ぎるため使用時間を制限するか
、制御器等にタイマを設けるなどの使い勝手が不便であ
った。
Also, depending on the amount of steam emitted from the steam generator due to the amount of heat generated by the heating burner, etc., if the heating time is too long, the indoor temperature in the bathroom etc. will rise too much, so limit the usage time or set a timer on the controller etc. It was inconvenient to install and use.

本発明は、このような上記問題点を解決するもので、コ
ンパクトで、且つ、スケール付着防止処理を容易にする
とともに給排水時間の短縮でスチームサウナ等に於ける
準備時間の短縮化を図り、使い勝手のよい家庭用のスチ
ームサウナに適した蒸気発生装置を提供することを目的
としている。
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and is compact, facilitates scale adhesion prevention treatment, shortens water supply and drainage time, shortens preparation time for steam saunas, etc., and is easy to use. The purpose of this invention is to provide a steam generator suitable for a home steam sauna with good quality.

問題点を解決するだめの手段 本発明は、上記問題点を解決するため、水を沸騰させて
蒸気を発生する蒸気発生器と、水道直結され一定水位に
制御するように給水弁を設けた開放型給水タンクと、こ
の開放型給水タンクと前記蒸気発生器に接続し、途中に
前記蒸気発生器への給水用の給水ポンプを有する給水路
と、前記開放型給水タンクの底面と前記給水ポンプの給
水路下流の途中に接続し、排水弁を有する排水路と、前
記蒸気発生器を加熱する加熱バーナと燃料を供給する比
例制御弁を設け、前記給水ポンプを給水開始時には大流
量、蒸気発生時には前記比例制御弁の燃料供給量と比例
する給水流量に制御し、且つ、運転停止時には前記排水
弁を動作させる制御器を備えて構成する。
Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a steam generator that boils water to generate steam, and an open water valve that is directly connected to the water supply and provided with a water supply valve to control the water level to a constant level. a water supply tank, a water supply channel connected to the open water tank and the steam generator, and having a water supply pump for supplying water to the steam generator on the way; A drainage channel connected to the downstream of the water supply channel and having a drain valve, a heating burner that heats the steam generator, and a proportional control valve that supplies fuel are provided, and the water supply pump is operated at a large flow rate when water starts to be supplied, and when steam is generated. It is configured to include a controller that controls the water supply flow rate to be proportional to the fuel supply amount of the proportional control valve and operates the drain valve when the operation is stopped.

作  用 本発明は上記した構成により、水道直結された給水弁と
制御器により一定水位に制御される開放型給水タンクに
貯蔵された水を運転指示信号により、蒸気発生器への給
水開始時には給水ポンプを大流量で駆動して給水し、か
つ蒸気発生器を加熱するバーナを運転し、蒸気発生器か
ら蒸気を発生させる。また、蒸気発生時には蒸気発生器
へ水の補給を連続的に行なうとともに、給水ポンプで加
圧給水するので蒸気発生器内の蒸気圧が開放型給水タン
クに加わることなく、給水タンクと蒸気発生器の水位が
略同−であってもよく、コンパクトに収容できるもので
ある。
According to the above-described configuration, the present invention uses water stored in an open water supply tank whose water level is controlled at a constant level by a water supply valve directly connected to the water supply and a controller, to be supplied with water at the time of starting water supply to the steam generator using an operation instruction signal. The pump is driven at a large flow rate to supply water, and the burner that heats the steam generator is operated to generate steam from the steam generator. In addition, when steam is generated, water is continuously replenished to the steam generator, and water is supplied under pressure by the water supply pump, so the steam pressure inside the steam generator does not apply to the open water supply tank, and the water supply tank and steam generator The water levels may be approximately the same and can be accommodated compactly.

又、加熱バーナの燃料供給量を制御する比例制御弁と給
水ポンプの給水量を比例制御出来るように制御器を設け
ることにより、蒸気発生に伴って減水する水の蒸発量に
対応して水を補給することが出来る。
In addition, by providing a proportional control valve that controls the amount of fuel supplied to the heating burner and a controller that can proportionally control the amount of water supplied by the water supply pump, water can be adjusted to correspond to the amount of water that evaporates, which decreases with the generation of steam. It can be replenished.

又、運転停止信号により、燃料弁を閉弁するとともに排
水弁を開弁じて蒸気発生器内の水(湯)と開放型給水タ
ンクに貯蔵された水を一気に排水し、サウナ入浴の都度
に給排水を短時間に行ない蒸気発生器内にスケール付着
を防止するとともに、入浴準備時間を短時間にすること
が出来るものである。
In addition, when the operation stop signal is received, the fuel valve is closed and the drain valve is opened to drain the water (hot water) in the steam generator and the water stored in the open water supply tank all at once, and the water supply and drainage are resumed each time you take a sauna bath. This can be done in a short time to prevent scale build-up inside the steam generator, and also to shorten the bath preparation time.

実施例 以下本発明の一実施例忙ついて、第1図の構成概略図に
従って説明する。1は蒸気発生器、2は上部を開放した
開放型給水タンクで水道管4に給水弁3を直結し給水管
5を前記開放型給水タンク2の上部に臨ませている。
Embodiment Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be explained in accordance with the schematic diagram of the structure shown in FIG. 1 is a steam generator, and 2 is an open type water supply tank with an open top, and a water supply valve 3 is directly connected to a water pipe 4, and a water supply pipe 5 is made to face the top of the open type water supply tank 2.

前記開放型給水タンク2の内部に満水を検知する上部水
位センサ6と減水を検知する下部水位センサ7を設け、
前記給水弁3を開閉制御して一定水位以上を確保するよ
うに制御している。尚、前記上部水位センサ6よりやや
上方に溢水管8を設けてオーバーフローさせている。
An upper water level sensor 6 for detecting full water and a lower water level sensor 7 for detecting water reduction are provided inside the open water tank 2,
The water supply valve 3 is controlled to open and close to ensure a water level above a certain level. Incidentally, an overflow pipe 8 is provided slightly above the upper water level sensor 6 to allow overflow.

前記開放型給水タンク2の底面と前記蒸気発生器1の底
面とを給水路9および途中に給水用の給水ポンプ10を
設けて接続する。
The bottom surface of the open water tank 2 and the bottom surface of the steam generator 1 are connected by a water supply channel 9 and a water supply pump 10 provided midway.

前記蒸気発生器1の内部に給水される水の上限を検知す
る上限水位センサ11と下限を検知する下限水位センサ
12を前記蒸気発生器1の側壁に設けている。又、蒸就
発生室16を有し、且つ、上部にサウナ室(浴室でもよ
い)に連通接続される蒸気出口17が設けられ蒸気発生
器1を構成する。前記開放型給水タンク2の底面と前記
給水ポンプ10の下流の給水路9の途中に排水路18を
接続して設け、その下流に排水弁19を前記溢水管8と
合流接続した排水管20を設ける。前記蒸気発生器1を
加熱するバーナ14と燃料を供給する比例制御弁13を
下部に設け、水位センサ6.7.11.12と給水弁3
、給水ポンプ10、比例制御弁13及び排水弁19に接
続され、且つ、浴室等に設ける浴室コントローラ等(図
示せず)により燃料供給量と給水流量を比例制御するよ
うに前記給水ポンプ10および比例制御弁13を制御す
る機能を有する制御器15を設けて蒸気発生装置を構成
する。
An upper limit water level sensor 11 for detecting the upper limit of water supplied into the steam generator 1 and a lower limit water level sensor 12 for detecting the lower limit are provided on the side wall of the steam generator 1. Further, the steam generator 1 has a steam generation chamber 16 and a steam outlet 17 connected to a sauna room (or a bathroom) at the top thereof. A drainage channel 18 is connected between the bottom surface of the open water tank 2 and the water supply channel 9 downstream of the water supply pump 10, and a drain pipe 20 is provided downstream of the drainage channel 18 with a drain valve 19 connected to the overflow pipe 8. establish. A burner 14 for heating the steam generator 1 and a proportional control valve 13 for supplying fuel are provided at the bottom, and a water level sensor 6.7.11.12 and a water supply valve 3 are installed at the bottom.
, the water supply pump 10, the proportional control valve 13, and the drain valve 19, and the water supply pump 10 and the proportional control valve 19 are connected to each other, and the water supply pump 10 and the proportional control valve 19 are connected to each other so as to proportionally control the fuel supply amount and the water supply flow rate by a bathroom controller or the like (not shown) installed in a bathroom or the like. A steam generator is configured by providing a controller 15 having a function of controlling the control valve 13.

次に動作説明を第2図〜第3図に基づき説明する。Next, the operation will be explained based on FIGS. 2 and 3.

前記制御器15に設けられた運転スイッチ(図示せず)
を「入」にすると、運転指令28により先ず、給水タン
ク水位判定回路21により給水タンクの水位判定29を
下部水位センサ7と上部水位センサ6で検知し、給水弁
駆動回路22を動作させ給水弁3を「開」30にし、水
道水を給水開始する。給水により満水水位WOHを上部
水位センサ6で検知すると給水弁3を「閉」31し、減
水水位WOLを下部水位センサ7で検知すると、(水位
判定29により)再度、給水弁「開」30と給水弁「閉
」31のシーケンスを繰り返し、前記開放型給水タンク
2の水位を一定水位以上を確保するように制御される。
An operation switch (not shown) provided in the controller 15
When turned on, the water tank water level determination circuit 21 first detects the water level determination 29 of the water tank using the lower water level sensor 7 and the upper water level sensor 6 according to the operation command 28, and operates the water valve drive circuit 22 to close the water supply valve. 3 to "open" to 30 and start supplying tap water. When the upper water level sensor 6 detects the full water level WOH due to water supply, the water supply valve 3 is "closed" 31, and when the reduced water level WOL is detected by the lower water level sensor 7, the water supply valve is "opened" 30 again (by the water level judgment 29). The water supply valve "close" sequence 31 is repeated, and the water level in the open water supply tank 2 is controlled to be equal to or higher than a certain water level.

又、前記開放型給水タンク2への給水と同時に蒸気発生
器水位判定回路24により、蒸気発生器水位判定32で
蒸気発生器1内の上限水位WHに到達するまでは給水ポ
ンプ駆動回路23が動作し、給水ポンプ「ON」〈大流
量〉33で給水タンク2に貯蔵された水を加圧供給する
。上限水位センサ11が上限水位WHを検知すると、給
水ポンプfOFFJ34で給水ポンプ10を停止する。
Further, at the same time as water is supplied to the open water supply tank 2, the water supply pump drive circuit 23 is operated by the steam generator water level determination circuit 24 until the upper limit water level WH in the steam generator 1 is reached in the steam generator water level determination 32. Then, the water stored in the water tank 2 is supplied under pressure with the water supply pump "ON" (large flow rate) 33. When the upper limit water level sensor 11 detects the upper limit water level WH, the water supply pump 10 is stopped by the water supply pump fOFFJ34.

と同時に比例制御弁駆動回路25により比゛例制御弁1
3を比例制御弁「ON」35で開弁じ燃料に点火させ加
熱バーナ14の着火を着火検出36で確認し燃焼を継続
させ、前記蒸気発生器1の下部に貯水された水を前記加
熱バーナ14で加熱することにより、水が沸騰すると蒸
気発生37が蒸気発生室16で生じ、充満した蒸気が蒸
気出口17に供給される。
At the same time, the proportional control valve 1 is activated by the proportional control valve drive circuit 25.
3 is opened with the proportional control valve "ON" 35, the fuel is ignited, ignition of the heating burner 14 is confirmed by the ignition detection 36, combustion is continued, and the water stored in the lower part of the steam generator 1 is transferred to the heating burner 14. When the water boils, steam generation 37 is generated in the steam generation chamber 16 and the steam filled is supplied to the steam outlet 17.

この蒸気出口17に接続された配管を家庭用の浴室やシ
ャワールームやサウナ室等に導き、室内に臨ませると送
られてきた蒸気の持つ熱により室内温度が上昇するとと
もに蒸気による高湿度のつエラ上サウナとして活用でき
る。
When the pipe connected to this steam outlet 17 is led into a household bathroom, shower room, sauna room, etc., the indoor temperature rises due to the heat of the steam sent, and the high humidity caused by the steam increases. It can be used as a sauna on the gills.

加熱バーナ14により加熱され蒸気発生することにより
、蒸気発生器1内の水が減少してくると、下限水位WL
を下限水位センサ12が蒸気発生器水位判定回路24に
より蒸気発生器水位判定a8で検知すると給水ポンプ駆
動回路23が動作して給水ポンプ「ONJ <少流量〉
39で給水ポンプ10を蒸気圧に打ち勝つ圧力で加圧給
水し、上限水位WHを上限水位センサ11で検知すると
給水ポンプ「0FFJ40で給水ポンプ10を停止する
。このように蒸気発生時には給水ポンプ10を少流量で
加圧給水することにより、連続的に蒸気発生を継続する
ことが出来る。
When the water in the steam generator 1 decreases by being heated by the heating burner 14 and generating steam, the lower limit water level WL
When the lower limit water level sensor 12 detects the steam generator water level judgment a8 by the steam generator water level judgment circuit 24, the feed water pump drive circuit 23 operates and the water feed pump ``ONJ <low flow rate>
39, the water supply pump 10 is pressurized to supply water at a pressure that overcomes the steam pressure, and when the upper limit water level WH is detected by the upper limit water level sensor 11, the water supply pump 10 is stopped at 0FFJ40.In this way, when steam is generated, the water supply pump 10 is stopped. By supplying pressurized water at a small flow rate, steam generation can be continued continuously.

ここで、連続して蒸気発生41することによって浴室内
の室温が上昇し過ぎないように浴室等に設けられた浴室
コントローラーで第2図に示す能力制御回路26を例え
ば能力調整ボリューム等を操作して能力可変42をする
と、能力制御回路26の信号により比例制御弁1aが比
例制御弁制御4aと燃料供給量制御44により、燃料供
給量が調整され加熱バーナ14の加熱による蒸気発生量
を制限することが出来、室温上昇を制御することが可能
となる。又、能力制御回路26の信号により蒸気発生器
水位判定45で上限水位WHと下限水位WLを水位セン
サ11と12で検知して、給水ポンプ10を給水ポンプ
制御46と給水流量制御47により、燃料供給量に比例
した給水流量を加圧給水して、加熱による蒸気発生量に
比例した給水をすることにより、連続した蒸気発生を得
ることが出来る。前述のように給水ポンプ10は、給水
開始時には大流量で加圧給水し、蒸気発生時には燃料供
給量に比例した給水流量で加圧給水するように、制御器
15内の能力制御回路26と比例制御弁駆動回路25と
給水ポンプ駆動回路23とが動作するように構成されて
いる。
Here, in order to prevent the room temperature in the bathroom from rising too much due to continuous steam generation 41, the capacity control circuit 26 shown in FIG. When the capacity variable 42 is performed, the proportional control valve 1a is controlled by the signal from the capacity control circuit 26, and the proportional control valve control 4a and the fuel supply amount control 44 adjust the fuel supply amount to limit the amount of steam generated by heating the heating burner 14. This makes it possible to control the rise in room temperature. Further, based on the signal from the capacity control circuit 26, the steam generator water level determination 45 detects the upper limit water level WH and the lower limit water level WL using the water level sensors 11 and 12, and the water supply pump 10 is controlled by the water supply pump control 46 and the water supply flow rate control 47 to control the fuel supply. Continuous steam generation can be obtained by supplying water under pressure at a flow rate proportional to the supply amount and supplying water in proportion to the amount of steam generated by heating. As mentioned above, the water supply pump 10 is connected to the capacity control circuit 26 in the controller 15 so that water is supplied under pressure at a large flow rate when water supply starts, and when steam is generated, water is supplied under pressure at a flow rate proportional to the amount of fuel supplied. The control valve drive circuit 25 and the water supply pump drive circuit 23 are configured to operate.

前記給水ポンプ10は、前述の下限水位WLから上限水
位WHに回復させる加圧給水機能を有するため、前記加
熱バーナ14の最大加熱時において蒸発する単位時間当
たりの最大蒸発水量o□よりも、大きな給水量Qを、そ
して前記蒸気発生器1の被加熱部(水)に作用する蒸気
圧力p□よりも大きな給水圧力Pで加圧給水出来る能力
を持っている。
Since the water supply pump 10 has a pressurized water supply function of recovering the water from the lower limit water level WL to the upper limit water level WH, the water supply pump 10 has a water supply function that is larger than the maximum amount of evaporated water per unit time o□ during the maximum heating of the heating burner 14. It has the ability to supply water under pressure at a water supply amount Q and at a water supply pressure P that is greater than the steam pressure p□ acting on the heated portion (water) of the steam generator 1.

但し、給水圧力P及び給水量Qの能力は、蒸気圧力Po
及び最大蒸発水量QOより余り大き過ぎると、下限水位
WI、から上限水位WHへの回復時間が短時間過ぎて、
被加熱部の沸騰している湯が低温の補給水と混合し、急
激に湯温か低下するため、この温度を沸騰温度まで上昇
加熱させる時間を要し、この間蒸気の発生が著しく低下
するので好ましくない。このため、給水ポンプ10の能
力を考慮して給水ポンプ駆動回路2aによって、例えば
電圧制御やPWM制御及びVVVFインバータ制御等の
方法によって、能力可変制御することにより、給水圧力
P及び給水量Qが蒸気圧力p□及び最大蒸発水量QOよ
り過大にならないように設定すれば補給水による被加熱
部の湯が補給水と混合され難く、水補給時における蒸気
発生量の低減量を少なく出来る有効な制御方法である。
However, the capacity of water supply pressure P and water supply amount Q is based on steam pressure Po
If the maximum evaporated water amount QO is too large, the recovery time from the lower limit water level WI to the upper limit water level WH will be too short,
This is preferable because the boiling water in the heated area mixes with the low-temperature make-up water and the temperature of the water drops rapidly, so it takes time to raise the temperature to boiling temperature, and during this time the generation of steam decreases significantly. do not have. Therefore, by taking the capacity of the water supply pump 10 into account and performing variable capacity control using the water supply pump drive circuit 2a, for example, by voltage control, PWM control, VVVF inverter control, etc., the water supply pressure P and the water supply amount Q can be adjusted to steam. If the pressure is set so that it does not exceed the pressure p□ and the maximum evaporated water amount QO, the hot water in the area heated by the make-up water will be difficult to mix with the make-up water, and this is an effective control method that can reduce the reduction in the amount of steam generated during water replenishment. It is.

このことによって、蒸気発生時には給水ポンプ10を燃
料供給量に比例した給水流量で制御するとともに、給水
開始時には大流量で制御することが出来るので、運転ス
イッチを「入」にしてから蒸気発生器1内に給水する時
間を短縮することが出来、蒸気発生までの立上り時間を
スピーディにすることが出来る。又、能力調整によって
浴室内の室温上昇を制御することが出来るので快適なウ
ェットサウナ入浴が出来る。
As a result, the water supply pump 10 can be controlled with a water supply flow rate proportional to the fuel supply amount when steam is generated, and can be controlled with a large flow rate when water supply starts, so after turning on the operation switch, the steam generator 1 It is possible to shorten the time for water supply inside the tank, and the rise time until steam generation can be speeded up. Furthermore, since the rise in room temperature in the bathroom can be controlled by adjusting the capacity, a comfortable wet sauna bath can be achieved.

このように前記加熱バーナ14の燃焼により連続して蒸
気を発生させることが出来るが、給水される水道水に含
まれるCa +Mgは一部は蒸気に含有され噴出される
が、その大部分は前記蒸気発生器1内に残留し長時間の
使用においては、前記蒸気発生器1内に残留された湯(
水)は、そのままの状態であると運転の都度、Ca ’
p M gが漸次濃縮され極めて濃度の高い硬水となり
、前記蒸気発生器1の蒸気発生室16や蒸気出口17や
貯水される蒸気発生器1の内壁にスケールとして付着し
、加熱バーナ14の燃焼熱を十分熱交換出来なくなり、
蒸気発生量が次第に低下したり、蒸気配管がスケール付
着により目詰りを生ずる等、蒸気発生装置としての機能
を発揮出来なくなることがある。
In this way, steam can be continuously generated by combustion in the heating burner 14, but some of the Ca + Mg contained in the supplied tap water is contained in the steam and ejected, but most of it is If the hot water remains in the steam generator 1 and is used for a long time, the hot water (
water), if it remains as it is, each time you drive, Ca'
p M g is gradually concentrated and becomes hard water with extremely high concentration, which adheres as scale to the steam generation chamber 16 and steam outlet 17 of the steam generator 1 and the inner wall of the steam generator 1 where water is stored, and the combustion heat of the heating burner 14 is It becomes impossible to exchange heat sufficiently,
The amount of steam generated may gradually decrease, the steam piping may become clogged with scale, and the steam generator may no longer be able to function as a steam generator.

そこでこの問題を除去するため、出来るだけ短時間の水
の濃縮状態で水を排水するように、サウナの一般的な入
浴時間である約10〜15分根度の時間を考慮して、予
め前記制御器15で設定された内蔵タイマやこのタイマ
設定時間内に入浴を終了して蒸気発生中に運転スイッチ
を「切」にすると、運転停止指令48により運転停止信
号が制御器15に出されると、比例制御弁13が比例制
御弁「0FFJ49で閉弁され加熱バーナ14の燃焼が
停止するとともに、排水弁駆動回路27が動作して排水
弁[0NJ50で排水弁19が開弁し、蒸気発生器1内
の湯(水)と開放型給水タンクに貯蔵された水を一気に
排水路18を通して排水管20に排出される。前記排水
弁駆動回路27に内蔵された排水タイマ設定時間51に
なると、排水弁「OFF」62で閉弁され運転が停止5
3する。
Therefore, in order to eliminate this problem, in order to drain the water in a concentrated state in as short a time as possible, we take into account the general sauna bathing time of about 10 to 15 minutes, and then When the built-in timer set by the controller 15 or when the bath is finished within the timer setting time and the operation switch is turned off while steam is being generated, an operation stop signal is sent to the controller 15 by the operation stop command 48. , the proportional control valve 13 closes at 0FFJ49 and combustion of the heating burner 14 stops, and the drain valve drive circuit 27 operates to open the drain valve 19 at 0NJ50 and close the steam generator. 1 and the water stored in the open water supply tank are discharged all at once to the drain pipe 20 through the drain channel 18.When the drain timer set time 51 built in the drain valve drive circuit 27 is reached, the drain is discharged. Valve “OFF” 62 closes the valve and stops operation 5
Do 3.

次に再入浴する場合は、再度運転スイッチを「囚にする
ことにより、最初のシーケンスから開始し、給水ポンプ
10を大流量で加圧給水して蒸気発生をスピイーディに
行なうことが出来る。このようにサウナ入浴の都度に給
排水を短時間に行ない、給水に含有されるCaやMg等
が加熱濃縮されて前記蒸気発生器1内の底部に沈澱する
ことを避け、又、浮遊して前記蒸気発生器1の内壁にス
ケール付着することを防止するとともに、入浴準備時間
を短時間にすることが出来る。
If you want to take a bath again next time, by setting the operation switch to "priority" again, you can start from the first sequence and supply pressurized water to the water pump 10 at a large flow rate to quickly generate steam. Water supply and drainage are performed for a short time each time you take a sauna bath, to prevent Ca, Mg, etc. contained in the water supply from being heated and concentrated and settling at the bottom of the steam generator 1, and to prevent them from floating and generating the steam. It is possible to prevent scale from adhering to the inner wall of the vessel 1, and to shorten the bath preparation time.

又、排水時の排水は前述のようにCa1Mg等を多量に
含んだスケール分が沈澱付着しやすい水質のため、でき
るだけ前記排水路18及び前記排水管20へのスケール
付着による目詰りを防止する目的で前記開放型給水タン
ク2内の水と混合し濃度を低下させて排水することが望
ましく、このため前記排水路18より排水される水と前
記蒸気発生器1内の湯を前記給水路9を通して混合後排
水されるように前記排水路18と前記排水弁19及び前
記排水管20を構成しである。そして、水質濃度を低下
させると同時に、沸騰状態の前記蒸気発生器1内の湯(
高温水)を直接排水することによる危険を防止し、前記
開放型給水タンク2内の水と混合排水することによって
、排水の温度を低下させることも出来、前記排水弁19
の耐熱温度も低下させることが出来る。又、装置内の水
は全て排水されるので冬期などの気温低下時の凍結防止
装置も不要となる。
In addition, as mentioned above, the water quality of the drainage water is such that scale containing a large amount of Ca1Mg etc. tends to settle and adhere to the water, so the purpose is to prevent clogging of the drainage channel 18 and the drain pipe 20 due to scale adhesion as much as possible. It is desirable to mix the water in the open water supply tank 2 with the water in the open water supply tank 2 to reduce the concentration before draining the water.For this purpose, the water drained from the drainage channel 18 and the hot water in the steam generator 1 are passed through the water supply channel 9. The drain channel 18, the drain valve 19, and the drain pipe 20 are configured so that the water can be drained after mixing. Then, at the same time as lowering the water quality concentration, the boiling water in the steam generator 1 (
The temperature of the waste water can be lowered by mixing the water in the open water tank 2 with the water in the open water supply tank 2, thereby preventing the danger of directly draining the water (high temperature water).
It is also possible to lower the allowable temperature limit. Furthermore, since all the water in the device is drained, there is no need for anti-freezing devices when the temperature drops, such as in winter.

一般に家庭用の浴室やシャワールームやサウナ室内に蒸
気を噴出させ、ウェットサウナとして使用する場合は、
浴室等の広さく約3.3m2)から考えると、単位時間
当たりの水の蒸気としての蒸発量は、100〜300c
c/分程度(6000〜18000cc/h)である。
Generally, when using a domestic bathroom, shower room, or sauna room as a wet sauna,
Considering the size of a bathroom (approximately 3.3 m2), the amount of water evaporated as steam per unit time is 100 to 300 c.
c/min (6000 to 18000 cc/h).

又、蒸気圧力も蒸気発生時の安全性を考慮して蒸気発生
器1から浴室等の蒸気噴出口に至る蒸気配管経路には閉
止弁を設けないので、0.2〜0.5 Kg f/cm
2程度なので給水ポンプ10の選定は小型のものでよい
In addition, the steam pressure is 0.2 to 0.5 Kg f/ because no shutoff valve is provided in the steam piping route from the steam generator 1 to the steam outlet in the bathroom etc. in consideration of safety during steam generation. cm
Since the size of the water supply pump 10 is about 2, the water supply pump 10 can be selected as a small one.

但し、蒸気発生中は蒸気発生器1の蒸気圧力が常に給水
ポンプ10を経て開放型給水タンク2に加わるので、給
水ポンプ10が停止している時の逆圧力耐性によっては
、逆止弁等を給水ポンプ10に内蔵するか給水路9の途
中に設け、蒸気圧力が開放型給水タンクに直接加わるこ
とを防止することが望ましい。
However, during steam generation, the steam pressure of the steam generator 1 is always applied to the open water supply tank 2 via the water supply pump 10, so depending on the resistance to reverse pressure when the water supply pump 10 is stopped, check valves etc. may be required. It is desirable to have it built into the water supply pump 10 or to provide it in the middle of the water supply channel 9 to prevent steam pressure from being applied directly to the open water supply tank.

又、給水タンク2内の満水と減水を検知する上部水位セ
ンサ6及び下部水位センサ7で一定水位以上を確保して
おり給水ポンプ10で加圧給水するので、蒸気発生器1
の上限水位WHと略同−レベルまでコンパクトに収容す
ることが出来る。
In addition, the upper water level sensor 6 and the lower water level sensor 7, which detect whether the water in the water tank 2 is full or low, ensure that the water level is above a certain level, and the water pump 10 supplies water under pressure, so the steam generator 1
It can be compactly accommodated up to approximately the same level as the upper limit water level WH.

一般的にウェットサウナの入浴時間は、通常の使用状態
で一回当たり約10〜15分根度であり、冬期には最大
300cc/分×15分=4,500ccの水を蒸気発
生器1から蒸発させるだけで良いので、蒸気発生器1の
被加熱部の貯水量は、加熱バーす14(7)燃焼熱量力
10,000〜13.OOOkcag/hあれば良いの
で、約500〜1000cc程度の容量で良く蒸気発生
器1も小型で良い。
Generally, the bathing time of a wet sauna is about 10 to 15 minutes per session under normal usage conditions. Since only evaporation is required, the amount of water stored in the heated section of the steam generator 1 is 10,000 to 13. OOOkcag/h is sufficient, so a capacity of approximately 500 to 1000 cc is sufficient, and the steam generator 1 may also be small.

本発明のような蒸気発生装置として、ガスを熱源とする
場合は一般的なガス給湯機の6〜9号程度(1号は通常
1リツ)/L//分を25°C上昇させる能力=25°
CX1リットル/分XaO分=1500 k c a 
e / h )の器具と同程度に小型化が図れる利点が
あり、又、入浴者も複数となると更に給水量が増えるの
で本発明のように自動給水することにより従来の美顔器
等のようなカセット式タンクが空になった都度人手で補
水する不便を解消できるものである。
When the steam generator of the present invention uses gas as the heat source, the ability to raise the temperature of a typical gas water heater of about 6 to 9 (No. 1 is usually 1 liter)/L//min by 25°C = 25°
CX1 liter/min XaO min=1500 k c a
It has the advantage of being able to be made as compact as the device (e/h), and the amount of water supplied increases even more when there are multiple bathers. This eliminates the inconvenience of manually refilling the cassette tank every time it becomes empty.

発明の効果 以上のように本発明は、水を沸騰させて蒸気を発生する
蒸気発生器と、水道直結され一定水位に制御するように
給水弁を設けた開放型給水タンクと、この開放型給水タ
ンクと前記蒸気発生器を接続し、途中に前記蒸気発生器
への給水用の給水ポンプを有する給水路と、前記開放型
給水タンクの底面と前記給水ポンプの給水路下流の途中
に接続し、排水弁を有する排水路と、前記蒸気発生器を
加熱する加熱バーナと燃料を供給する比例制御弁を設け
、前記給水ポンプを給水開始時には大流量、蒸気発生時
には前記比例制御弁の燃料供給量と比例する給水流量に
制御し、且つ、運転停止時には前記排水弁を動作させる
制御器を備えること忙より次のような効果を有する。
Effects of the Invention As described above, the present invention provides a steam generator that boils water to generate steam, an open water supply tank that is directly connected to the water supply and is provided with a water supply valve to control the water level to a constant level, and this open water supply tank. A tank and the steam generator are connected, and a water supply channel having a water supply pump for supplying water to the steam generator is connected to the bottom of the open water tank and the water supply channel downstream of the water pump, A drainage channel having a drainage valve, a heating burner that heats the steam generator, and a proportional control valve that supplies fuel are provided, and the water supply pump is operated at a large flow rate when water supply starts, and when steam is generated, the fuel supply amount of the proportional control valve is adjusted. Providing a controller that controls the water supply flow rate to be proportionate and operates the drain valve when the operation is stopped has the following effects.

(1)蒸気発生器への給水を給水ポンプで加圧給水出来
るので、開放型給水タンクが使用出来、構成が簡単にな
り、且つ、蒸気発生器と開放型給水タンクを近接配置出
来るので小型化コンパクトになる。
(1) Water can be supplied to the steam generator under pressure using a water supply pump, so an open water tank can be used, simplifying the configuration, and the steam generator and open water tank can be placed close together, making it more compact. Becomes compact.

■ 家庭用の少人数用サウナに活用する場合に、小型コ
ンパクトな蒸気発生装置である。
■ It is a small and compact steam generator that can be used in home saunas for small groups.

(3)蒸気発生時にも水を自動補給が可能となるので、
安定した蒸気を連続的に噴出させることが出来るので、
家庭用の浴室やシャワールーム等をウェットサウナ室と
して活用できるのに非常に適した蒸気発生装置である。
(3) Water can be automatically replenished even when steam is generated, so
Because stable steam can be ejected continuously,
This steam generator is extremely suitable for using a home bathroom, shower room, etc. as a wet sauna room.

に)能力制御機能を有するので浴室等の室温上昇が使用
時間によって、上昇し過ぎることがなく、快適なウェッ
トサウナが入浴出来る。
2) Since it has a capacity control function, the room temperature in the bathroom etc. will not rise too much depending on the usage time, so you can enjoy a comfortable wet sauna.

(5)能力制御により、加熱バーナの燃料供給量の制御
と給水流量の制御が連動して出来るので、蒸気発生量の
コントロールが任意に出来るので、浴室等の部屋の広さ
や部屋の断熱性によっての浴室温度上昇を制限出来るの
で、仮に蒸気配管を2箇所配管して1階と2階の浴室(
サウナ室)で部屋の広さが異なっても、1台の器具で有
効利用することも可能となる。
(5) Capacity control allows the control of the fuel supply amount of the heating burner and the water supply flow rate to be controlled in conjunction with each other, so the amount of steam generated can be controlled arbitrarily, depending on the size of the room such as the bathroom and the insulation properties of the room. Since the rise in bathroom temperature can be limited, it is possible to temporarily install steam piping in two places to connect the bathrooms on the 1st and 2nd floors (
Even if the rooms (sauna rooms) have different sizes, they can be used effectively with one device.

(6)家庭用の蒸気発生装置等として、運転の都度給排
水を短時間に繰り返すので、水道水に含まれるCaやM
g等のスケール分が濃縮されない状態で排水され、蒸気
発生器内の内壁にスケール付着を防止することが出来る
。従って、特別なスケール掃除を必要としない。
(6) Since water supply and drainage are repeated in a short period of time each time it is operated as a domestic steam generator, etc., the amount of Ca and M contained in tap water is
The scale content such as g is discharged without being concentrated, and it is possible to prevent scale from adhering to the inner wall of the steam generator. Therefore, no special scale cleaning is required.

(7)又、排水時には開放型給水タンクの水と混合され
て濃度が低下されて排水されるので、排水路や排水管へ
のスケール付着の防止をすることが出来る。
(7) Furthermore, when draining water, it is mixed with the water in the open water supply tank and the concentration is lowered before being drained, so it is possible to prevent scale from adhering to drainage channels and pipes.

(8)スケール付着を防止することが出来るので、蒸気
発生器の熱交換効率の低下もなく、蒸気発生効率を十分
に発揮することが出来る。
(8) Since scale adhesion can be prevented, there is no decrease in heat exchange efficiency of the steam generator, and steam generation efficiency can be fully demonstrated.

(9)開放型給水タンクの水も排水するが、運転開始に
よる給水開始時には給水ポンプを大流量で加圧給水する
ので、蒸気発生までの立上り時間をスピーディに出来、
サウナ等における入浴準備時間が短時間となり使い勝手
のよい蒸気発生装置である。
(9) The water in the open water supply tank is also drained, but when water supply starts at the start of operation, the water supply pump supplies water under pressure at a large flow rate, so the rise time until steam generation can be speeded up.
This is an easy-to-use steam generating device that reduces the preparation time for bathing in a sauna or the like.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は本発明の一実施例を示す蒸気発生装置の構成概
略図、第2図は同制御器の構成概略図、第3図は同制御
器の動作フローチャート、第4図第5図は従来例の構成
概略図である。 1・・・・・・蒸気発生器、2・・・・・・開放型給水
Zンク、3・・・・・・給水弁、9・・・・・・給水路
、1o・・・・・・給水ポンプ、1a・・・・・・比例
制御弁、14・・・・・・加熱バーナ、15・・・・・
・制御器、18・・・・・・排水路、19・・・・・・
排水弁。 代理人の氏名 弁理士 中 尾 敏 男 ほか1名Cり 憾 図面のW、書(内容に変更なし) 第81i4(吃りI) 第 4− 1:!] e 第 5 1/1 手続補正書(刃側 昭和62年4 月 2日 昭和62年特許願第。、14  リ 2発明の名称 蒸気発生装置 3補正をする者 事件との関係      特   許   出   願
  人住 所  大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地名
 称 (5g2)松下電器産業株式会社代表者    
谷  井  昭  雄 4代理人 〒571 住 所  大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地松下電器
産業株式会社内
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a steam generator showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the controller, Fig. 3 is an operation flowchart of the controller, Fig. 4, and Fig. 5 are FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional example. 1... Steam generator, 2... Open water supply Z tank, 3... Water supply valve, 9... Water supply channel, 1o...・Water supply pump, 1a... Proportional control valve, 14... Heating burner, 15...
・Controller, 18... Drainage channel, 19...
Drain valve. Agent's name: Patent attorney Toshi Nakao, and one other person (W, letter) of regrettable drawings (no change in content) No. 81i4 (Stuttering I) No. 4-1:! ] e No. 5 1/1 Procedural Amendment (April 2, 1988 Patent Application No. 14, 14 Li. 2. Name of Invention Steam Generator 3. Relationship with the Person Who Makes Amendment Case) Patent Application Address 1006 Oaza Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Name (5g2) Representative of Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
Akio Tanii 4 Agent 571 Address 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 水を沸騰させて蒸気を発生する蒸気発生器と、水道直結
され一定水位に制御するように給水弁を設けた開放型給
水タンクと、この開放型給水タンクと前記蒸気発生器に
接続し、途中に前記蒸気発生器への給水用の給水ポンプ
を有する給水路と、前記開放型給水タンクの底面と前記
給水ポンプの給水路下流の途中に接続し、排水弁を有す
る排水路と、前記蒸気発生器を加熱する加熱バーナと燃
料を供給する比例制御弁を設け、前記給水ポンプを給水
開始時には大流量、蒸気発生時には前記比例制御弁の燃
料供給量と比例する給水流量に制御し、且つ、運転停止
時には前記排水弁を動作させる制御器を備えてなる蒸気
発生装置。
A steam generator that boils water to generate steam; an open water tank that is directly connected to the water supply and equipped with a water supply valve to control the water level to a constant level; a water supply channel having a water supply pump for supplying water to the steam generator; a drainage channel connected to the bottom of the open water tank midway downstream of the water supply pump and having a drain valve; A heating burner for heating the vessel and a proportional control valve for supplying fuel are provided, and the water supply pump is controlled to a large flow rate when water supply starts, and a water supply flow rate proportional to the fuel supply amount of the proportional control valve when steam is generated, and is operated. A steam generator comprising a controller that operates the drain valve when stopped.
JP62003514A 1987-01-09 1987-01-09 Steam generator Expired - Fee Related JP2548158B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62003514A JP2548158B2 (en) 1987-01-09 1987-01-09 Steam generator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62003514A JP2548158B2 (en) 1987-01-09 1987-01-09 Steam generator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS63172804A true JPS63172804A (en) 1988-07-16
JP2548158B2 JP2548158B2 (en) 1996-10-30

Family

ID=11559469

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP62003514A Expired - Fee Related JP2548158B2 (en) 1987-01-09 1987-01-09 Steam generator

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2548158B2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109058960A (en) * 2018-08-20 2018-12-21 东莞市舜尧能源科技有限公司 The method of superheated steam is generated under a kind of steam generation facility and condition of normal pressure

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4952838U (en) * 1972-08-15 1974-05-10
JPS56144303A (en) * 1980-04-14 1981-11-10 Fukashi Shimizu Steam boiler
JPS5918303A (en) * 1982-07-21 1984-01-30 三菱重工業株式会社 Method of controlling steam generator
JPS61106702U (en) * 1984-12-14 1986-07-07
JPS61135114U (en) * 1985-02-08 1986-08-22
JPS61243202A (en) * 1985-04-19 1986-10-29 日本鋼管株式会社 Method and device for controlling boiler

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4952838U (en) * 1972-08-15 1974-05-10
JPS56144303A (en) * 1980-04-14 1981-11-10 Fukashi Shimizu Steam boiler
JPS5918303A (en) * 1982-07-21 1984-01-30 三菱重工業株式会社 Method of controlling steam generator
JPS61106702U (en) * 1984-12-14 1986-07-07
JPS61135114U (en) * 1985-02-08 1986-08-22
JPS61243202A (en) * 1985-04-19 1986-10-29 日本鋼管株式会社 Method and device for controlling boiler

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109058960A (en) * 2018-08-20 2018-12-21 东莞市舜尧能源科技有限公司 The method of superheated steam is generated under a kind of steam generation facility and condition of normal pressure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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