JPS6316868A - Low electric current welding method - Google Patents
Low electric current welding methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6316868A JPS6316868A JP15978586A JP15978586A JPS6316868A JP S6316868 A JPS6316868 A JP S6316868A JP 15978586 A JP15978586 A JP 15978586A JP 15978586 A JP15978586 A JP 15978586A JP S6316868 A JPS6316868 A JP S6316868A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- welding
- arc
- constant
- short circuit
- setting level
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003079 width control Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035553 feeding performance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000026438 poor feeding Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Arc Welding Control (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、消耗性電極を用いたアーク溶接法に係り、特
に極低電流においても安定なアーク状態を維持し、板厚
０．６ｍｍ以下の極薄板や亜鉛メッキ鋼板等を溶接する
のに好適な小電流溶接方法に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an arc welding method using a consumable electrode, which maintains a stable arc state even at extremely low currents, and in particular, welds a welding material with a thickness of 0.6 mm or less. This invention relates to a low current welding method suitable for welding ultra-thin plates, galvanized steel plates, etc.
（従来の技術〕
ＣＯ２アーク溶接における適正電流範囲は、ワイヤ径に
よって異なり、盤木・岡田；″半自動・自動アーク溶接
″′ （産報出版、１９７８年７月） Ｐ、９６に表３
・５として記載された第７図のようであることは良く知
られている。(Prior art) The appropriate current range for CO2 arc welding varies depending on the wire diameter, and Table 3 is shown in Banki Okada; "Semi-automatic/automatic arc welding" (Sanpo Publishing, July 1978) P. 96.
・It is well known that the situation is as shown in Fig. 7, which is indicated as 5.
上図に示されるように、ワイヤ径が細いものほど下限電
流値を低下させることができるが、細径ワイヤは座屈な
どを生じやすく、送給性は悪くなる。またワイヤの価格
も高い。As shown in the above figure, the smaller the wire diameter, the lower the lower limit current value, but the smaller diameter wire is more likely to buckle, resulting in poor feeding performance. Also, the cost of wire is high.
一般に広く用いられているφ０ 、９ｍｍワイヤでは６
０Ａが、φ１ 、２ｍｍワイヤでは８０Ａが、安定なア
ーク状態を維持できる下限電流値である。The commonly used φ0, 9mm wire is 6
0A is the lower limit current value at which a stable arc state can be maintained for a φ1, 2mm wire.
この下限電流値をさらに低下させることができれば、極
薄板の溶接において、価格が高くかつ送給性の悪い細径
ワイヤを敢えて使用する必要はなくなり、経済性・作業
性の面における効果が大きい。If this lower limit current value can be further lowered, there will be no need to intentionally use small diameter wires that are expensive and have poor feedability when welding ultra-thin plates, which will have a significant effect in terms of economy and workability.
また、従来の溶接電源を用いて亜鉛メッキ鋼板を溶接す
る際、アークによって亜鉛が溶融・気化し、その蒸気が
アーク雰囲気を乱し、アーク不安定、多量の母材付着ス
パッタの発生あるいはビード外観不良などを生じるとさ
れているが、この問題も、電流値を低くシ、溶接速度を
遅くして、亜鉛をその蒸気がアーク雰囲気中に混入する
以前に十分気化させるだけの時間的余裕を持たせること
で解消できる。In addition, when welding galvanized steel sheets using a conventional welding power source, the arc melts and vaporizes the zinc, and the vapor disturbs the arc atmosphere, resulting in unstable arcs, the occurrence of a large amount of spatter adhering to the base metal, or the appearance of beads. This problem is also solved by keeping the current low and slowing down the welding speed to give enough time to vaporize the zinc before its vapor gets mixed into the arc atmosphere. This can be resolved by setting
本発明は上記の点にかんがみなされたもので、ワイヤ径
によって決まる適正電流範囲の下限値を低下させ、極低
電流で安定したアーク状態を維持し、かつスパッタの発
生が極めて少ない溶接が可能なアーク溶接方法を提供す
ることを目的とする。The present invention was developed in consideration of the above points, and it lowers the lower limit of the appropriate current range determined by the wire diameter, maintains a stable arc state with extremely low current, and enables welding with extremely low spatter generation. The purpose is to provide an arc welding method.
本発明は、消耗性電極をほぼ定速度で送給し、消耗性電
極と母材との間で短絡とアークを交互に繰り返し発生さ
せて行なうアーク溶接において、短絡発生とアーク発生
を検出し、短絡周期ごとに下記（Ａ）〜（ｎ）の各過程
を順次実行することを特徴とする小電流溶接方法である
。The present invention detects the occurrence of short circuits and arcs in arc welding in which a consumable electrode is fed at a substantially constant speed and short circuits and arcs are alternately and repeatedly generated between the consumable electrode and the base metal, This is a small current welding method characterized by sequentially performing the following steps (A) to (n) every short circuit cycle.
（Ａ）短絡発生後、所定の時間Ｔｄの間、溶接電流を短
絡直前の定電流設定レベルＴｍに保持するように溶接電
源出力を定電流制御する過程。(A) After a short circuit occurs, a process of controlling the welding power source output at a constant current so as to maintain the welding current at the constant current setting level Tm immediately before the short circuit for a predetermined time Td.
（Ｒ）所定の時間Ｔｄ経過したとき、溶接電流を所定の
定電流設定レベルＴｕまで急激に増加させ。(R) When a predetermined time Td has elapsed, the welding current is rapidly increased to a predetermined constant current setting level Tu.
その後、短絡を開放するのに十分なより高い定電流設定
レベルＩｓに向かって所定の時定数Ｓｕで徐々に増加さ
せて、短絡を開放する過程。Thereafter, the process of opening the short circuit by gradually increasing with a predetermined time constant Su towards a higher constant current set level Is sufficient to open the short circuit.
（Ｃ）アーク発生後、所定の時間Ｔｃの間、溶接電圧を
定電圧設定レベルＶａ近傍に保持するように溶接電源出
力を定電圧制御し、消耗性電極の先端に溶滴を形成・成
長させる過程。(C) After the arc is generated, the welding power source output is controlled at a constant voltage to maintain the welding voltage near the constant voltage setting level Va for a predetermined time Tc, and a droplet is formed and grown at the tip of the consumable electrode. process.
（ｒ））所定の時間Ｔｃ経過後、溶接電圧の最大値を規
制する定電圧設定レベルを」二記Ｖａよりも高いレベル
ｖＩ１１に変化させるとともに、定電流設定レベルを所
定の低レベルＩ■に向かって、比較的速い所定の時定数
Ｓｄで減少させ、アーク力を低下させるとともに消耗性
電極の溶融を抑制し、短絡を促進する過程。(r)) After a predetermined time Tc has elapsed, change the constant voltage setting level that regulates the maximum value of the welding voltage to a level vI11 higher than Va in ``2'', and change the constant current setting level to a predetermined low level I■. On the other hand, the process of decreasing the arc force with a relatively fast predetermined time constant Sd reduces the arc force, suppresses melting of the consumable electrode, and promotes short circuit.
第１図は本発明の詳細な説明するための溶接電圧・電流
波形図である。時々刻々変化する溶接型圧を短絡／アー
クの判定基準電圧ｖｊと比較し、その大小によって短絡
状態かアーク状態かを判定する。Ｖｊは１５Ｖ程度に設
定するのが適当である。FIG. 1 is a welding voltage/current waveform diagram for explaining the present invention in detail. The welding mold pressure, which changes from moment to moment, is compared with a short circuit/arc determination reference voltage vj, and a short circuit state or an arc state is determined based on the magnitude of the voltage vj. It is appropriate to set Vj to about 15V.
第１図中、■の区間は、溶滴を溶融池の短終状態を均一
化するための区間である。溶滴の一部が溶融池に接触し
た瞬間から電流が増加すると、電流増加にともなうアー
ク力の増加のために溶滴が押し上げられ、溶滴が溶融池
に十分に移行する前に、短絡が破れることがある。この
ような現象が生じると、電極先端にはかなりの量の溶滴
が残り、次の短絡までにさらに溶滴が成長し、過大な溶
滴となって短絡する。その結果、短絡を破るためには過
大な短絡電流が必要になり、アーク状態が乱れるばかり
でなく、スパッタの発生も多くなる。In FIG. 1, the section (■) is a section for uniformizing the short final state of the droplet and the molten pool. If the current increases from the moment a part of the droplet contacts the molten pool, the droplet will be pushed up due to the increase in arc force with the increase in current, and a short circuit will occur before the droplet has fully transferred into the molten pool. It may break. When such a phenomenon occurs, a considerable amount of droplets remain at the tip of the electrode, and the droplets grow further until the next short circuit, resulting in an excessive droplet and a short circuit. As a result, an excessive short circuit current is required to break the short circuit, which not only disturbs the arc state but also increases the occurrence of spatter.
そこで、溶接電圧がＶｊよりも小さくなり、短絡状態で
あると判定されたとき、溶接電流をその直前の定電流設
定レベルである、低電流ｌｌ１１に所定時間Ｔｄの間保
持して、電流の増加を抑制し、溶滴を確実に溶融池に短
絡させる。このようにすると、その後電流が増加し短絡
を開放しても、溶滴が溶融池に十分移行しないといった
現象を生じない。Therefore, when the welding voltage becomes smaller than Vj and it is determined that there is a short circuit, the welding current is held at the previous constant current setting level, low current ll11, for a predetermined time Td, and the current is increased. to ensure that droplets are short-circuited to the molten pool. In this way, even if the current increases and the short circuit is opened, the phenomenon that the droplets are not sufficiently transferred to the molten pool will not occur.
■の区間は、短絡を開放するための区間であり、短絡検
出後、所定時間Ｔｄ経過したとき、電流を所定の定電流
設定レベルＩｕ迄急激に増加させ、その後最大電流値を
規制するより高い定電流設定レベルＴｓに向かって、所
定の時定数Ｓｕで電流を徐々に増加させて短絡を開放す
る。The section (3) is a section for opening a short circuit, and when a predetermined time Td has elapsed after the detection of a short circuit, the current is rapidly increased to a predetermined constant current setting level Iu, and then the maximum current value is regulated to a higher The short circuit is opened by gradually increasing the current with a predetermined time constant Su toward the constant current setting level Ts.
通常の短絡では第１図■のように、Ｉｓに達する前に短
絡が破れ、アークが発生するが、比較的短絡時間が長く
なる場合は、Ｔｓに到達してから短絡が開放される。In a normal short circuit, the short circuit is broken and an arc is generated before reaching Is, as shown in Figure 1, but if the short circuit time is relatively long, the short circuit is opened after reaching Ts.
今仮に、短絡が開放される迄一定の電流値Ｉｐに保持す
るものとすると、適正条件でＩｐを選定した場合はスパ
ッタの発生等は抑制できるが、ワイヤ送給変動などに起
因する大きい短絡が生じた場合、Ｔｐでは対処できず、
アーク切れなどのアーク不安定を生じる。逆にＴｐを十
分大きい値に設定すると、アーク不安定は防止できるが
、短絡時に過大な電流が流れるため、スパッタやヒレ発
生の原因となる。Now, if we assume that the current value Ip is held at a constant value until the short circuit is released, if Ip is selected under appropriate conditions, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of spatter, but a large short circuit due to wire feed fluctuations etc. can be suppressed. If this occurs, Tp cannot deal with it,
This causes arc instability such as arc breakage. On the other hand, if Tp is set to a sufficiently large value, arc instability can be prevented, but an excessive current flows during a short circuit, causing spatter and fins.
しかし、第１図■のように、短絡時間に応じて電流を増
加させ、短絡を開放するようにすると、短絡状態に応じ
た必要最小限の電流値で短絡が開放されるので、スパッ
タやヒレの発生が少なく。However, if you open the short circuit by increasing the current according to the short circuit time, as shown in Figure 1 (■), the short circuit will be opened with the minimum necessary current value depending on the short circuit condition, which will cause spatter and fins. occurrence is low.
平均電流値も低く抑えられる。The average current value can also be kept low.
◎の空間は、電極先端に溶滴を形成するための区間であ
り、溶接電圧がｖｊよりも大きくなり、アーク状態であ
ると判定されてから所定の時間Ｔｃの間、溶接電圧を電
圧レベルＶａ近傍に保持するように溶接電源出力を定電
圧制御し、定電圧特性によるアーク長制御を行ないなが
ら溶滴を形成・成長させる。なお、図ではこの区間の最
大電流値な規制する定電流設定レベル（破線で示す）を
Ｉｓとしているが、必要に応じて、もっと低いレベルに
設定したり、あるいは所定レベルＴＲに向かって徐々に
減少させるといった手法を用いてもよい。The space ◎ is a section for forming a droplet at the tip of the electrode, and the welding voltage is kept at voltage level Va for a predetermined time Tc after the welding voltage becomes larger than vj and it is determined that an arc state exists. The output of the welding power source is controlled at a constant voltage so that the welding power source is maintained close to the arc length, and droplets are formed and grown while controlling the arc length using constant voltage characteristics. In the figure, Is is the constant current setting level (indicated by a broken line) that regulates the maximum current value in this section, but if necessary, it can be set to a lower level, or it can be set gradually toward the predetermined level TR. You may use the method of decreasing.
０の区間は、アーク力を低下させるとともに電極の溶融
を抑制し、短絡を促進するための区間であり、◎の区間
終了後、すなわちアーク発生からＴｃ経過後、定電流設
定レベルをＴｓから所定の設定低レベルＩＲに変化させ
、その後さらに低い所定のレベルＩｍに向かって比較的
小さい所定の時定数Ｓｄで減少させるとともに、溶接電
圧の最大値を規制する定電圧設定レベルをＶａから、さ
らに高い所定のレベルＶ＋ｎに変化させる。The 0 section is a section for reducing the arc force, suppressing melting of the electrode, and promoting short circuits. After the ◎ section ends, that is, after Tc has elapsed since arc generation, the constant current setting level is changed from Ts to a predetermined value. The setting is changed to a low level IR, and then is decreased by a relatively small predetermined time constant Sd toward an even lower predetermined level Im, and the constant voltage setting level that regulates the maximum value of the welding voltage is changed from Va to an even higher value. to a predetermined level V+n.
定電圧設定レベルをＶｍとするのは、低いレベルの電流
Ｉｍにおけるアーク切れを防止するためである。ｖＩｌ
ｌを５０Ｖ程度にすると、ＣＯ２アーク溶接において、
ｌｍ＝２ＯＡとしてもアーク切れのない安定なアーク状
態が得られる。Ｉｎ＋をできるだけ低くすることが、下
限電流値の低下にとって重要な事項である。なお、シー
ルドガスにＣＯ２より電位傾度の低いＡｒガスを添加す
ることにより、上述のＬｍの下限値（２０Ａ）をさらに
低下できることは言うまでもない。The reason why the constant voltage setting level is set to Vm is to prevent arc breakage at a low level of current Im. vIl
When l is about 50V, in CO2 arc welding,
Even when lm=2OA, a stable arc state without arc breakage can be obtained. It is important to lower In+ as much as possible in order to lower the lower limit current value. It goes without saying that by adding Ar gas, which has a lower potential gradient than CO2, to the shielding gas, the above-mentioned lower limit value of Lm (20 A) can be further lowered.
以上■〜◎の各区間を順次経過して溶接を行なうことに
より、短絡の開放および溶滴の形成・成長に必要な最小
限の電流値が、アーク゛を維持するのに必要な最小電流
値Ｔｍに重畳され、極低電流域でも安定なアーク状態が
得られる。By performing welding after passing through each section of the above ■ to ◎ sequentially, the minimum current value necessary for opening the short circuit and forming and growing the droplet can be changed to the minimum current value Tm necessary to maintain the arc. A stable arc condition can be obtained even in the extremely low current range.
第２図は、上記■〜◎の過程を再度、溶接電源外部特性
との関連で説明するための図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the above steps ◎ to ◎ again in relation to the external characteristics of the welding power source.
（１）短絡発生後Ｔｄの間は、定電圧設定レベルＶｍ・
定電流設定レベルＩｍである外部特性上の点■に保持さ
れる。(1) During Td after a short circuit occurs, the constant voltage setting level Vm・
It is held at point (3) on the external characteristic, which is the constant current setting level Im.
（２）Ｔｄ経過後、外部特性は定電圧設定レベルＶａ・
定電流設定レベルＩｕに切り換わり、動作点は■に移動
する。(2) After Td elapses, the external characteristics change to the constant voltage setting level Va.
The constant current setting level is switched to Iu, and the operating point moves to ■.
（３）次に、定電圧設定レベルＶａはそのままで、定電
流設定レベルをＩｕからＴｓまで時定数Ｓｕで増加させ
る。今、ＩｕからＩｓに向かう途中の定電流設定レベル
をＩ□上の点■で短絡が開放されたとすると、アーク発
生に伴う電圧の上昇によって、動作点は■→Ａ→■と移
動する。(3) Next, while the constant voltage setting level Va remains unchanged, the constant current setting level is increased from Iu to Ts by a time constant Su. Now, if the short circuit is opened at a point ■ on I□ at the constant current setting level on the way from Iu to Is, the operating point moves from ■→A→■ due to the voltage increase due to arc generation.
（４）アーク発生後、所定時間Ｔｃの間は定電圧設定レ
ベルＶａで定電圧制御された状態に保持され、動作点は
アーク長に応じて■の近傍を移動する。(4) After the arc occurs, a constant voltage control state is maintained at the constant voltage setting level Va for a predetermined time Tc, and the operating point moves in the vicinity of (2) according to the arc length.
（５）アーク発生からＴｃ経過後、定電流設定レベルは
ＩｓからＴＲまで急激に低下するので、動作点は定電流
設定レベル上の点■となる。なお、定電流設定レベルが
ＩｓからＴＲまで低下するのと同時に、定電圧設定レベ
ルはＶａからＶｍに増加し、この時の外部特性はＶｍ−
Ｂ−ＴＲである。(5) After Tc has elapsed since the occurrence of the arc, the constant current setting level rapidly decreases from Is to TR, so the operating point becomes point (3) above the constant current setting level. Note that at the same time as the constant current setting level decreases from Is to TR, the constant voltage setting level increases from Va to Vm, and the external characteristics at this time are Vm-
It is B-TR.
（６）その後、定電流設定レベルのＴＲからＩｍへの時
定数Ｓｄでの減少により規制されて溶接電流は減少し、
外部特性Ｖｍ−Ｃ−Ｉｍ上の点■に動作点を持つに至る
。(6) Thereafter, the welding current is regulated by a decrease in the time constant Sd from the constant current setting level TR to Im, and the welding current decreases.
The operating point is found at point (3) on the external characteristic Vm-C-Im.
（７）時間の経過とともに、動作点はＣ−１ｍ上を下降
し、次の短絡が生じると■に戻り、以後、上述の動作を
繰り返す。(7) As time passes, the operating point descends above C-1m, and when the next short circuit occurs, it returns to ■, and the above-mentioned operation is repeated thereafter.
第３図は本発明を実施するための溶接電源の一例を示す
回路ブロック図である。FIG. 3 is a circuit block diagram showing an example of a welding power source for carrying out the present invention.
１は交流を直流に変換するための一次整流回路、２は出
力を制御するためのインバータ回路、３は溶接トランス
、４は高周波交流を直流に変換するための二次整流回路
である。５は、母材７を溶接するために送給ローラ６で
送給される溶接ワイヤ、１１は分流器８の出力によって
電流を検出する溶接電流検出器、１２は溶接電圧検出器
である。1 is a primary rectifier circuit for converting alternating current into direct current, 2 is an inverter circuit for controlling output, 3 is a welding transformer, and 4 is a secondary rectifier circuit for converting high frequency alternating current into direct current. 5 is a welding wire fed by a feeding roller 6 to weld the base material 7; 11 is a welding current detector that detects current based on the output of the shunt 8; and 12 is a welding voltage detector.
２７は短絡／アーク判定回路であり、判定基準電圧Ｖｊ
の設定器２４の出力を溶接電圧検出器１２の出力の大小
を比較し、短絡であるかアークであるかの判定信号をＴ
ｄタイマ２１および入出力装置（ｉｌｏ）２２に送る。27 is a short circuit/arc determination circuit, and the determination reference voltage Vj
The output of the setting device 24 is compared with the output of the welding voltage detector 12, and a judgment signal indicating whether it is a short circuit or an arc is generated at T.
d timer 21 and input/output device (ilo) 22.
Ｔｄタイマ２１は短絡が発生した時点から動作を開始し
、所定の時間Ｔｄが経過しても短絡が続いている場合に
割り込み信号１ＲＱ２をマイクロプロセッサ（ＭＰＵ）
２３に送る。１１０２２は、短絡からアークに移行した
際に、割り込み信号１ＲＱ３をＭＰＵ２３に送る。The Td timer 21 starts operating from the moment a short circuit occurs, and if the short circuit continues even after a predetermined time Td has elapsed, an interrupt signal 1RQ2 is sent to the microprocessor (MPU).
Send to 23rd. 11022 sends an interrupt signal 1RQ3 to the MPU 23 when the short circuit changes to an arc.
２５は溶接に使用する出力バタンを指定するための条件
選定器、２６はアーク長を微調整すために定電圧設定レ
ベルＶａを増減させる設定器であり、２５．２６からの
信号はＡ／Ｄ変換器２８．２９および１１０３０を介し
て、ＭＰＵ２３に入力される。25 is a condition selector for specifying the output button used for welding, 26 is a setting device for increasing/decreasing the constant voltage setting level Va to finely adjust the arc length, and the signal from 25.26 is an A/D It is input to MPU 23 via converters 28, 29 and 11030.
１９は、ワイヤ送給速度あるいはワイヤ径などに１１一
応じた出力バタンの波形因子のデータを記憶しているメ
モリであり、条件選定器２５および微調整設定器２６か
らの信号に応じて所定の波形因子のデータをＭＰＵ２３
に送る。Reference numeral 19 denotes a memory that stores data on the waveform factor of the output slam depending on the wire feeding speed or the wire diameter, etc.; Waveform factor data to MPU23
send to
２０はＴｃを制御するためのタイマであり、アークが発
生したことを知らせる割り込み信号１ＲＱ３がＭＰＵ２
３に入力されると動作を開始し、所定時間Ｔｃ経過後、
割り込み信号ｉ、 ＲＱ １をＭＰＵ２３に送る。20 is a timer for controlling Tc, and an interrupt signal 1RQ3 notifying that an arc has occurred is sent to the MPU 2.
3, the operation starts, and after the predetermined time Tc has elapsed,
Send interrupt signal i, RQ 1 to MPU23.
ワイヤ送給の制御指令は、ＭＰＵ２３からｉ ／ 。The wire feeding control command is sent from the MPU 23 to i/.
１８およびＤ／Ａ変換器１４を介して送給ローラ駆動回
路１３に入力され、電圧制御指令はＭＰＵ２３から１１
０１８およびＤ／Ａ変換器１７を介してパルス幅制御回
路１０に入力される。電流制御指令はＭＰＵ２３から１
１０１８およびＤ／Ａ変換器１６を介してＣＲ積分回路
１５に入力される。ＣＲ積分回路１５は、所定の時定数
で電流の設定レベルを変化させるスロープ制御を行なう
ためのもので、いずれの時定数を選択するかの指令は別
途１１０１８から送られる。18 and the D/A converter 14 to the feeding roller drive circuit 13, and the voltage control command is input from the MPU 23 to the 11
018 and the D/A converter 17 to the pulse width control circuit 10. Current control command is 1 from MPU23
1018 and the D/A converter 16 to the CR integration circuit 15. The CR integration circuit 15 is for performing slope control to change the current setting level with a predetermined time constant, and a command as to which time constant to select is separately sent from 11018.
第４図はＣＲ積分回路１５の構成例を示す図で、抵抗Ｒ
１〜Ｒｎとアナログスイッチ８１〜Ｓｎをラダー形に接
続した回路と積分コンデンサＣ工とで構成され、各抵抗
に並列接続されたアナログスイッチをｎビットの時定数
選択信号で開閉することにより、時定数を可変にしてい
る。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the CR integration circuit 15, in which the resistor R
It consists of a circuit in which 1 to Rn and analog switches 81 to Sn are connected in a ladder shape, and an integrating capacitor C, and the time is determined by opening and closing the analog switches connected in parallel to each resistor using an n-bit time constant selection signal. Constants are made variable.
電流制御用ＣＲ積分回路１５から出た電流設定信号は、
加算器３１で溶接電流検出器１１からの電流フィードバ
ック信号との差分をとってパルス幅制御回路１０に入力
される。The current setting signal output from the current control CR integration circuit 15 is
An adder 31 calculates the difference from the current feedback signal from the welding current detector 11 and inputs the result to the pulse width control circuit 10.
パルス幅制御回路１０では、電流制御指令と電圧制御指
令を比較し、パルス幅が狭くなる方のどちらか一方のパ
ルス幅を選択し、パルス幅制御信号としてインバータ駆
動回路９に送る。The pulse width control circuit 10 compares the current control command and the voltage control command, selects one of the pulse widths with a narrower pulse width, and sends the selected pulse width to the inverter drive circuit 9 as a pulse width control signal.
第５図はパルス幅制御回路１０の構成例を示す図で、入
力された電流設定信号を増幅器３３で増幅した制御バイ
アスと鋸歯状波発生器３２からの鋸歯状波とを比較器３
５で比較して得られる電流設定信号に対応したパルス幅
のパルス列Ｐ＾をＮＡＮＤ回路３７の一方の入力とし、
電圧設定信号を増幅器３４で増幅した制御バイアスと鋸
歯状波発生器３２からの鋸歯状波とを比較器３６で比較
して得られる電圧設定信号に対応したパルス幅のパルス
列ＰＨをＮＡＮＤ回路３７の他方の入力として、どちら
か幅狭い方のパルス列をＮＡＮＤ回ｗｔ３７、ＮＯＴ回
路３８により選択し、パルス幅制御信号としてインバー
タ駆動回路９へ送る。インバータ回路２のスイッチング
素子であるＭＯＳＦＥＴの導通幅は印加されるパルス幅
制御信号のパルス幅で決まり、それによって溶接電源の
出力が制御される。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the pulse width control circuit 10, in which the control bias obtained by amplifying the input current setting signal by the amplifier 33 and the sawtooth wave from the sawtooth wave generator 32 are connected to the comparator 3.
The pulse train P^ of the pulse width corresponding to the current setting signal obtained by comparison in step 5 is inputted to one side of the NAND circuit 37,
The control bias obtained by amplifying the voltage setting signal by the amplifier 34 and the sawtooth wave from the sawtooth wave generator 32 are compared by the comparator 36, and a pulse train PH having a pulse width corresponding to the voltage setting signal obtained is generated by the NAND circuit 37. As the other input, the narrower pulse train is selected by the NAND circuit wt37 and the NOT circuit 38, and is sent to the inverter drive circuit 9 as a pulse width control signal. The conduction width of the MOSFET, which is a switching element of the inverter circuit 2, is determined by the pulse width of the applied pulse width control signal, and the output of the welding power source is controlled thereby.
第３図において、短絡／アーク判定回路２７より短絡が
発生したことを検知する信号が出力されると、Ｔｄタイ
マ２１が動作を開始し、所定時間Ｔｄ経過後に割り込み
信号ｉ ＲＱ ２を発生する。それまで、電圧・電流の
設定レベルは短絡前の設定レベルに維持される。In FIG. 3, when the short circuit/arc determination circuit 27 outputs a signal detecting the occurrence of a short circuit, the Td timer 21 starts operating and generates an interrupt signal i RQ 2 after a predetermined time Td has elapsed. Until then, the set voltage and current levels are maintained at the set levels before the short circuit.
割り込み信号ｉ ＲＱ ２が発生すると、定電流設定レ
ベルはＩｕに、定電圧設定レベルはＶａになり、その後
、定電圧設定レベルはＶａのままで、定電流設定レベル
のみＴｕからＩｓに向かって、ＭＰＵ２３で設定された
ＣＲ積分回路１５の時定数Ｓｕで徐々に増加する。次に
、短絡／アーク判定回路２７からの信号に基づいて、ア
ークが発生したことを知らせる割り込み信号ｉ ＲＱ
３がＭＰＵ２３に入力されると、ＭＰＵ２３からの指令
によりタイマ２０が動作を開始し、所定時間Ｔｃ経過後
、割り込み信号ｉ ＲＱ １を発生する。割り込み信号
ｉ ＲＱ １がＭＰＵ２３に入力されると、定電流設定
レベルはＩｓからＩＲに急激に低下し、その後、ＩＲか
らＩ＋。When the interrupt signal i RQ 2 is generated, the constant current setting level becomes Iu and the constant voltage setting level becomes Va. After that, the constant voltage setting level remains Va and only the constant current setting level changes from Tu to Is. It gradually increases with the time constant Su of the CR integration circuit 15 set by the MPU 23. Next, based on the signal from the short circuit/arc determination circuit 27, an interrupt signal iRQ is sent to notify that an arc has occurred.
3 is input to the MPU 23, the timer 20 starts operating according to a command from the MPU 23, and after a predetermined time Tc has elapsed, generates an interrupt signal i RQ 1. When the interrupt signal i RQ 1 is input to the MPU 23, the constant current setting level rapidly decreases from Is to IR, and then from IR to I+.
に向いＭＰＵ２３で設定されるＣＲ積分回路１５の時定
数Ｓｄで徐々に減少する。また、定電流設定レベルがＩ
ｓからＩＲに低下するのと同時に、定電圧設定レベルは
Ｖａからｖｉｌに増加し、次の短絡が発生ずまで定電圧
設定レベルＶｍ、定電流設定レベルｌｌ１１の状態に維
持される。It gradually decreases with the time constant Sd of the CR integration circuit 15 set by the MPU 23. Also, the constant current setting level is I
At the same time as the constant voltage setting level decreases from s to IR, the constant voltage setting level increases from Va to vil, and the constant voltage setting level Vm and constant current setting level ll11 are maintained until the next short circuit occurs.
次に、第３図に示すインバータ制御溶接電源を用いて極
薄鋼板（板厚０．６ｍｍ）の溶接を行なった実験例を示
す。Next, an experimental example will be shown in which an ultra-thin steel plate (thickness: 0.6 mm) was welded using the inverter-controlled welding power source shown in FIG.
（Ａ）φ０．９＋ａｍ、 Ｙ Ｇ Ｗ１２ワイヤを用い
、ワイヤ送給量２ ｍ ／ １Ｉｉｎで、各波形因子を
、■ｕ＝１００Ａ、ｌ８＝４００Ａ、ＴＲ＝１０ＯＡ、
ｌｍ＝２ＯＡ、Ｖａ＝２８Ｖ、 Ｖ ｍ ＝ ５０
ＶＴｄ＝１．５ｍｓ、 Ｔｃ＝５ｍｓ、 ＳＬＬ＝
２０ｍｓ、 Ｓｄ＝２ｍｓに設定した場合、平均溶接
電流Ｉ ａｖｅ、平均溶接電圧Ｖａｖｓは、
Ｉａｖｅ＝３５Ａ、Ｖａｖｅ＝１８．５Ｖであった。(A) Using φ0.9+am, Y G W12 wire, wire feed rate 2 m / 1 Iin, each waveform factor is: ■ u = 100 A, l8 = 400 A, TR = 10 OA,
lm=2OA, Va=28V, Vm=50
VTd=1.5ms, Tc=5ms, SLL=
20 ms and Sd=2 ms, the average welding current Iave and the average welding voltage Vavs were Iave=35A and Vave=18.5V.
（Ｂ）φ１．２ｍｍ、 Ｙ Ｇ Ｗｌｌワイヤを用い、
ワイヤ送給量２ｍ／ｌｌｌ１ｎで、各波形因子を、Ｉｕ
＝１５０Ａ％ｌ５＝５５０Ａ、ＩＲ＝１５０Ａ、ｌｌ
１＝２ＯＡ。(B) φ1.2mm, using YG Wll wire,
With a wire feed rate of 2 m/lll1n, each waveform factor is Iu
=150A%l5=550A, IR=150A, ll
1=2OA.
Ｖａ＝２７Ｖ、Ｖｍ＝５０Ｖ
Ｔｄ＝１ｍｓ、 Ｔｃ＝５ｍｓ、 ＳＬＬ：２０１１８
． Ｓｄ＝＝３ｍｓに設定した場合、平均溶接電流Ｉ
ａｖｅ、平均溶接電圧Ｖａｖｅは、
Ｉａｖｅ＝６ＯＡ、 Ｗａｖｅ＝１９Ｖであった。Va=27V, Vm=50V Td=1ms, Tc=5ms, SLL:20118
．． When setting Sd==3ms, the average welding current I
ave, and the average welding voltage Vave were: Iave=6OA, Wave=19V.
いずれの場合も、第７図に示す従来の適正電流範囲の下
限値より、平均溶接電流値Ｉａνｅを２０〜２５Ａ低下
させることができるとともに、アーク状態が安定で、ス
パッタの発生も極めて少なく、良好な溶接結果が得られ
ることが実証された。なお、本実験に用いたシールドガ
スはＣＯ□（流量１０Ｑ／ｌｌ１ｎ）、溶接電源出力回
路中の直流リアクタのインダクタンスは５５μＨである
。In either case, the average welding current value Iaνe can be lowered by 20 to 25 A from the lower limit of the conventional appropriate current range shown in Fig. 7, and the arc condition is stable and the occurrence of spatter is extremely small, which is good. It has been demonstrated that accurate welding results can be obtained. The shielding gas used in this experiment was CO□ (flow rate 10Q/ll1n), and the inductance of the DC reactor in the welding power source output circuit was 55 μH.
また、他の実験例として、板厚３．２＋ａｍ、亜鉛付着
量９０ｇ／ｍ”の溶融亜鉛メッキ鋼板の重ね隅肉継手を
、上記（Ａ）の条件で、溶接速度１５０ｍｍ ／ ｗｉ
ｎで溶接したところ、アーク不安定は生ぜず、スパッタ
の発生も極く微量で、母材への付着は全くなく、良好な
ビード外観、溶接結果が得られた。In addition, as another experimental example, a lap fillet joint of hot-dip galvanized steel sheets with a plate thickness of 3.2+am and a zinc deposit of 90 g/m'' was welded at a welding speed of 150 mm/wi under the conditions (A) above.
When welding was carried out at n, arc instability did not occur, only a very small amount of spatter was generated, there was no adhesion to the base metal, and good bead appearance and welding results were obtained.
上記（Ｂ）の条件で、溶接速度２００ｍｍ／ｗｉｎで同
様の溶接を行なった場合も、（Ａ）の条件による場合に
比べ若干スパッタ発生量が増加するものの、従来に比べ
れば極めて少なく、母材への付着は全くなかった。When similar welding is performed under the conditions (B) above at a welding speed of 200 mm/win, the amount of spatter generated increases slightly compared to the case under conditions (A), but it is extremely small compared to the conventional method, and the base metal There was no adhesion at all.
その理由を第６図により説明すると、３９は溶接ワイヤ
、４０はアーク、４１は母材、４２は溶接部、４３はビ
ード、白抜き矢印は溶接進行方向を示しており、電流値
を低くし、溶接速度を遅くすると、熱伝尊によるアーク
前方の溶融部の長さＱが長くなるので、この間で母材表
面の亜鉛が溶融・気化して、亜鉛蒸気がアーク雰囲気中
に混入する以前に亜鉛を十分気化させるだけの時間的余
裕がとれ、その結果、亜鉛蒸気によりアーク雰囲気が乱
されることがなくなるものと考えられる。The reason for this is explained with reference to Fig. 6. 39 is the welding wire, 40 is the arc, 41 is the base metal, 42 is the welding part, 43 is the bead, and the white arrow indicates the direction of welding progress. When the welding speed is slowed down, the length Q of the molten zone in front of the arc due to heat transfer becomes longer, so during this time the zinc on the surface of the base metal melts and vaporizes, and the zinc vapor is released before it enters the arc atmosphere. It is thought that sufficient time is provided for sufficient vaporization of the zinc vapor, and as a result, the arc atmosphere is not disturbed by the zinc vapor.
本発明によれば、以下述べるような効果が得られる。 According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
（１）ワイヤ径によって決まる適正電流範囲の下限値を
従来より２０〜２５Ａ程度低下させることができるので
、極薄板の溶接において、ワイヤ送給性が悪く、かつ価
格の高い細径ワイヤを使用しなくてもよくなり、経済性
、作業性の面で有利となる。(1) The lower limit of the appropriate current range determined by the wire diameter can be lowered by about 20 to 25 A compared to conventional methods, making it possible to use small diameter wires that have poor wire feedability and are expensive when welding ultra-thin plates. This is advantageous in terms of economy and workability.
（２）極低電流で、安定したアーク状態を維持し、かつ
スパッタの発生が極めて少ない溶接が可能となるので、
極薄板（板厚０ 、６ｍｍ以下）への適用範囲が拡大す
る。(2) It is possible to weld with extremely low current, maintain a stable arc state, and generate extremely little spatter.
The range of application to ultra-thin plates (plate thickness 0, 6 mm or less) is expanded.
（３）電流値を低くして、溶接速度を遅くすることがで
きるので、亜鉛メッキ鋼板の溶接では、亜鉛蒸気がアー
ク雰囲気中に混入する以前に溶融池の熱伝導によって母
材表面の亜鉛を十分気化させるだけの時間的余裕がとれ
、スパッタの発生がほとんどない、安定な溶接が可能と
なる。(3) Since the current value can be lowered and the welding speed can be slowed down, when welding galvanized steel sheets, the zinc on the surface of the base metal is removed by heat conduction from the molten pool before the zinc vapor enters the arc atmosphere. This allows enough time for sufficient vaporization, allowing stable welding with almost no spatter.
第１図は本発明の詳細な説明するための溶接電圧・電流
波形図、第２図は同溶接電源外部特性図、第３図は本発
明を実施するための溶接電源の構成例を示す回路ブロッ
ク図、第４図は第３図中のＣＲ積分回路の詳細図、第５
図は同パルス幅制御回路の詳細図、第６図は溶接状態を
説明するための溶接部断面略図、第７図は従来知られて
いるワイヤ径と溶接電流範囲の関係を示す図表である。
代理人弁理士 中 村 純之助
タ 〉−ｍ−
伊１） １
−田Fig. 1 is a welding voltage/current waveform diagram for explaining the present invention in detail, Fig. 2 is an external characteristic diagram of the welding power source, and Fig. 3 is a circuit showing an example of the configuration of a welding power source for carrying out the present invention. Block diagram, Figure 4 is a detailed diagram of the CR integration circuit in Figure 3, and Figure 5 is a detailed diagram of the CR integration circuit in Figure 3.
The figure is a detailed diagram of the same pulse width control circuit, FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a welded part for explaining the welding state, and FIG. 7 is a chart showing the conventionally known relationship between wire diameter and welding current range. Representative Patent Attorney Junnosuke Nakamura 〉-m- I1) 1-da
Claims (1)
材との間で短絡とアークを交互に繰り返し発生させて行
なうアーク溶接において、短絡発生とアーク発生を検出
し、短絡周期ごとに下記（Ａ）〜（Ｄ）の各過程を順次
実行することを特徴とする小電流溶接方法。 （Ａ）短絡発生後、所定の時間Ｔｄの間、溶接電流を短
絡直前の定電流設定レベルＩｍに保持するように溶接電
源出力を定電流制御する過程。 （Ｂ）所定の時間Ｔｄ経過したとき、溶接電流を所定の
定電流設定レベルＩｕまで急激に増加させ、その後、短
絡を開放するのに十分なより高い定電流設定レベルＩｓ
に向かって所定の時定数Ｓｕで徐々に増加させて、短絡
を開放する過程。 （Ｃ）アーク発生後、所定の時間Ｔｃの間、溶接電圧を
定電圧設定レベルＶａ近傍に保持するように溶接電源出
力を定電圧制御し、消耗性電極の先端に溶滴を形成・成
長させる過程。 （Ｄ）所定の時間Ｔｃ経過後、溶接電圧の最大値を規制
する定電圧設定レベルを上記Ｖａよりも高いレベルＶｍ
に変化させるとともに、定電流設定レベルを所定の低レ
ベルＩｍに向かって比較的速い所定の時定数Ｓｄで減少
させ、アーク力を低下させるとともに消耗性電極の溶融
を抑制し、短絡を促進する過程。[Claims] 1. In arc welding, in which a consumable electrode is fed at a substantially constant speed and short circuits and arcs are alternately and repeatedly generated between the consumable electrode and the base material, short circuit occurrence and arc occurrence A small current welding method characterized in that the following steps (A) to (D) are sequentially executed at each short circuit cycle. (A) After a short circuit occurs, a process of controlling the welding power source output at a constant current so as to maintain the welding current at the constant current setting level Im immediately before the short circuit for a predetermined time Td. (B) When a predetermined time Td has elapsed, the welding current is rapidly increased to a predetermined constant current setting level Iu, and then a higher constant current setting level Is sufficient to open the short circuit.
The process of opening the short circuit by gradually increasing the amount of time toward Su with a predetermined time constant Su. (C) After the arc is generated, the welding power source output is controlled at a constant voltage to maintain the welding voltage near the constant voltage setting level Va for a predetermined time Tc, and a droplet is formed and grown at the tip of the consumable electrode. process. (D) After a predetermined time Tc has passed, the constant voltage setting level that regulates the maximum value of the welding voltage is set to a level Vm higher than the above Va.
and decreasing the constant current setting level toward a predetermined low level Im with a relatively fast predetermined time constant Sd, reducing the arc force, suppressing melting of the consumable electrode, and promoting short circuit. .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15978586A JPS6316868A (en) | 1986-07-09 | 1986-07-09 | Low electric current welding method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15978586A JPS6316868A (en) | 1986-07-09 | 1986-07-09 | Low electric current welding method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6316868A true JPS6316868A (en) | 1988-01-23 |
| JPH0342997B2 JPH0342997B2 (en) | 1991-06-28 |
Family
ID=15701219
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15978586A Granted JPS6316868A (en) | 1986-07-09 | 1986-07-09 | Low electric current welding method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6316868A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005219086A (en) * | 2004-02-05 | 2005-08-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Apparatus and method for arc welding |
| JP2006150423A (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-15 | Daihen Corp | Polarity change short-circuit arc welding method |
| JP5170321B2 (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2013-03-27 | パナソニック株式会社 | Welding method and welding apparatus |
| WO2014054261A1 (en) * | 2012-10-01 | 2014-04-10 | パナソニック株式会社 | Arc welding control method |
| WO2014073184A1 (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2014-05-15 | パナソニック株式会社 | Arc welder and method for controlling arc welding |
| US10099308B2 (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2018-10-16 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Method and apparatus for welding with battery power |
| US10919100B2 (en) | 2016-03-29 | 2021-02-16 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Arc welding control method |
| US10974338B2 (en) | 2016-03-29 | 2021-04-13 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Arc welding control method |
-
1986
- 1986-07-09 JP JP15978586A patent/JPS6316868A/en active Granted
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005219086A (en) * | 2004-02-05 | 2005-08-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Apparatus and method for arc welding |
| JP2006150423A (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-15 | Daihen Corp | Polarity change short-circuit arc welding method |
| US10099308B2 (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2018-10-16 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Method and apparatus for welding with battery power |
| US10058947B2 (en) | 2009-11-25 | 2018-08-28 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Welding method and welding device |
| JP5170321B2 (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2013-03-27 | パナソニック株式会社 | Welding method and welding apparatus |
| US10850340B2 (en) | 2009-11-25 | 2020-12-01 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Welding device |
| US10610945B2 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2020-04-07 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Arc welding control method |
| WO2014054261A1 (en) * | 2012-10-01 | 2014-04-10 | パナソニック株式会社 | Arc welding control method |
| CN104582888B (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2016-08-17 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | Arc-welding apparatus and arc welding control method |
| CN104582888A (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2015-04-29 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | Arc welder and method for controlling arc welding |
| WO2014073184A1 (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2014-05-15 | パナソニック株式会社 | Arc welder and method for controlling arc welding |
| US10625358B2 (en) | 2012-11-07 | 2020-04-21 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Arc welder and method for controlling arc welding |
| US10919100B2 (en) | 2016-03-29 | 2021-02-16 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Arc welding control method |
| US10974338B2 (en) | 2016-03-29 | 2021-04-13 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Arc welding control method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0342997B2 (en) | 1991-06-28 |
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