JPS63135689A - Easily detachable pipe joint - Google Patents
Easily detachable pipe jointInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63135689A JPS63135689A JP62267590A JP26759087A JPS63135689A JP S63135689 A JPS63135689 A JP S63135689A JP 62267590 A JP62267590 A JP 62267590A JP 26759087 A JP26759087 A JP 26759087A JP S63135689 A JPS63135689 A JP S63135689A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hole
- pin
- coupling member
- pipe coupling
- circular
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L27/00—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement
- F16L27/08—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement allowing adjustment or movement only about the axis of one pipe
- F16L27/087—Joints with radial fluid passages
- F16L27/093—Joints with radial fluid passages of the "banjo" type, i.e. pivoting right-angle couplings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L37/00—Couplings of the quick-acting type
- F16L37/08—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members
- F16L37/084—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members combined with automatic locking
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は管とホースの接手に関し、詳細には取りはずし
容易な管接手に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a pipe and hose joint, and more particularly to a pipe joint that is easily removed.
（従来の技術）
球形ロックと可動のばね偏倚されたブッシングにより接
合されるようになった内側および外側管接続部からなる
取りはずし容易な管接手（ＳＵ。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Easy-to-disassemble tube fittings (SU) consisting of inner and outer tube connections joined by spherical locks and movable spring-biased bushings.
Ａ、７１５８８５）は知られている。A, 715885) is known.
この接手の欠点は使用によるこの球形ロック部材の疲労
であり、従って結合の信頼性が低く、それらの部材の定
期的な検査が必要である。他方、操作上の誤りにより加
圧下でのはずれの危険があり、人的損傷の危険がある。A disadvantage of this joint is the fatigue of the spherical locking members with use, thus making the connection less reliable and requiring periodic inspection of these members. On the other hand, there is a risk of dislodgement under pressure due to operational errors and a risk of personal injury.
他の従来技術としては圧縮ガスがシリンダを満たすよう
な装置に用いられる取りはずし容易な管接手があり（Ｇ
Ｂ、Ｂ、１２９４８８１）、これはパイプ結合部材とピ
ンからなり、このピンが部材の孔に配置され且つ部材内
の孔と同軸の盲目孔を有している。この盲目孔は両側に
円形溝を有する半径方向の孔と連通し、これら溝に柔軟
なシールリングが入り、そしてパイプ結合部材には流体
用の通路を形成する１個以上の孔があり、これらが上記
の半径方向の孔と連通ずる。Other prior art includes easy-to-remove pipe fittings used in devices where compressed gas fills a cylinder (G
B, B, 1294881), which consists of a pipe coupling member and a pin located in a hole in the member and having a blind hole coaxial with the hole in the member. The blind hole communicates with a radial hole having circular grooves on both sides, in which a flexible sealing ring is received, and the pipe coupling member has one or more holes forming a passage for fluid. communicates with the radial hole described above.
この管接手はピンがパイプ結合部材内に、充分に自動的
な加圧下の結合のシールを保証出来ない。This pipe joint does not allow the pin to ensure a fully automatic sealing of the joint under pressure within the pipe coupling member.
このシールリングの摩擦力によってのみ固定されるため
に信頼性と安全性に劣るものである。Since it is fixed only by the frictional force of this seal ring, it is inferior in reliability and safety.
潤滑剤がありしかも振動条件下にあるときには、この加
圧下で作用する接手は事故によりはずれて流体の吹き出
しが生じることがある。高圧流体のこのような噴出は人
的損傷を生じさせ、また火災−爆発性の流体の場合には
周囲汚染と事故を生じさせることがある。In the presence of lubricant and under vibration conditions, this pressurized joint can accidentally become dislodged, resulting in a squirt of fluid. Such ejections of high pressure fluids can cause personal injury and, in the case of fire-explosive fluids, environmental contamination and accidents.
一方、加圧下で使用されるこの接手は取扱い者の誤りに
よってもはずれることがあり、同じく人的損傷および可
燃性流体の流出の危険がある。On the other hand, this joint, which is used under pressure, can also become dislodged due to operator error, and there is also a risk of personal injury and the escape of flammable fluid.
（発明が解決しようとする問題点）
本発明の主目的はシール特性を維持しつつ加圧下で自動
的にロックする取りはずし容易な管接手を提供すること
である。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an easily removable pipe joint that automatically locks under pressure while maintaining its sealing properties.
（問題点を解決するための手段）
本発明によればこの聞届は、パイプ結合部材とピンから
なり、このピンは結合部材の穴内に配置されると共にこ
の穴と同軸となった半径方向の孔と連通ずる盲目孔を有
しており、その両側でピンの外面上に円形溝があり、そ
の溝にはピンの方向からみて、第１および第２のシール
リングが配置され、そしてパイプ結合部材は半径孔と連
通ずる他の孔を有する管接手において、パイプ結合部材
の孔の表面の適用流体用の上記孔と第１シールリングと
の間の部分に円形の溝を設け、第１シールリングを受け
入れるピンの円形溝の側面をテーバとし、上記円形溝が
円形の窪みと共に流体圧力のあるときにパイプ結合部材
内にピンを固定するために第１シールリングを受け入れ
る共通のスペースを形成し、円形窪みがパイプ結合部材
の端面とピンの側部における窪みとの間の距離を両シー
ルリング間の距離より大とすることにより解決される。(Means for Solving the Problems) According to the present invention, the pipe comprises a pipe coupling member and a pin, which pin is arranged in a hole in the coupling member and has a radial direction coaxial with the hole. a blind hole communicating with the hole, a circular groove on the outer surface of the pin on each side thereof, in which grooves, viewed from the direction of the pin, first and second sealing rings are disposed, and a pipe coupling. In a pipe joint, the member has another hole communicating with the radial hole, a circular groove is provided in the surface of the hole of the pipe coupling member in a portion between the hole for applied fluid and the first seal ring, and the first seal ring is provided with a circular groove. The sides of the circular groove of the pin receiving the ring are tapered, said circular groove together with the circular recess forming a common space for receiving the first sealing ring for securing the pin within the pipe coupling member in the presence of fluid pressure. , the circular depression is solved by making the distance between the end face of the pipe coupling member and the depression in the side of the pin greater than the distance between the two sealing rings.
また、パイプ結合部材内の円形の窪みは第１シールリン
グの体積より小さい体積とすべきである。Also, the circular recess in the pipe coupling member should have a smaller volume than the volume of the first sealing ring.
（作 用）
この取りはずし容易な管接手の構造は、加圧動作中接手
をはずそうとすると第１シールリングが接合部材の円形
窪みに向って動き、流体圧力の効果により円形溝のテー
パ側面に乗り上がって円形窪みに押しつけられ、溝とテ
ーバ側面および接合部材の円形窪みとにより形成される
スペースに固定されてその接手を自動的にロックするよ
うになっているため、流体に対してシールを行ないつつ
加圧下での自動ロックを与えるものである。(Function) The structure of this easy-to-remove pipe joint is such that when an attempt is made to remove the joint during pressurizing operation, the first seal ring moves toward the circular recess of the joining member, and due to the effect of fluid pressure, the first seal ring moves toward the tapered side of the circular groove. It rides up and is pressed against the circular recess, and is fixed in the space formed by the groove, the taber side surface, and the circular recess of the joint member, and automatically locks its joint, thereby creating a seal against fluid. This provides automatic locking under pressure.
（実施例）
図面において、この取りはずし容易な管接手は、パイプ
結合部材３の穴２内に配置されるピン１（第１図）を有
する。ピン１は穴２と同軸の盲目孔４を有し、この孔は
半径方向の孔５と連通ずる。EXAMPLE In the drawing, this easy-to-remove pipe fitting has a pin 1 (FIG. 1) arranged in a hole 2 of a pipe coupling member 3. The pin 1 has a blind bore 4 coaxial with the bore 2, which communicates with a radial bore 5.
流体のオーバーフローにより生じる反応力に抗するため
にピン１は２個の互いに直交する半径孔５を有する。孔
５の両側には円形溝６と７が配置される。溝６は第１シ
ールリング８（ピン１の方向からみて）を受け入れ、溝
７は第２シールリング９（同じ方向からみて）を受け入
れる。シールリング８と９は、例えばゴムあるいはポリ
ウレタンのような弾性材料でつくらねばならない。流体
はバイブ結合部材３内の孔１１を通る。この孔１１はピ
ンの円形窪み１２を通してピン１の孔５と連通ずる。パ
イプ結合部材３の孔２の表面の孔１１と第１シールリン
グ８との間の部分に形成される円形窪み１３は、接合部
材３の端面１４からそれまでの距離ａ（第２図）がシー
ルリング８と９間の距離すより大であり、窪み１３の体
積が第１シールリングのそれより、好適には５０〜６０
％小さくなるようにされる。In order to resist reaction forces caused by fluid overflow, the pin 1 has two mutually orthogonal radial holes 5. On both sides of the hole 5 circular grooves 6 and 7 are arranged. Groove 6 receives a first sealing ring 8 (viewed from the direction of pin 1) and groove 7 receives a second sealing ring 9 (viewed from the same direction). The sealing rings 8 and 9 must be made of a resilient material, such as rubber or polyurethane. The fluid passes through the holes 11 in the vibe coupling member 3. This hole 11 communicates with the hole 5 of the pin 1 through a circular recess 12 in the pin. The circular recess 13 formed in the portion between the hole 11 on the surface of the hole 2 of the pipe joint member 3 and the first seal ring 8 has a distance a (FIG. 2) from the end surface 14 of the joint member 3 to it. The distance between the seal rings 8 and 9 is larger, and the volume of the recess 13 is preferably 50 to 60 mm larger than that of the first seal ring.
% smaller.
窪み１３のこの体積は、次の因子からきめられている。This volume of the depression 13 is determined from the following factors.
加圧下での接合動作によりピン１が第１シールリング８
によりパイプ結合部材３の孔２のロックされていれば、
剪断により窪み１３内のリング８を破壊しない限り結合
の解除が出来ない。The pin 1 is connected to the first seal ring 8 by the joining operation under pressure.
If the hole 2 of the pipe coupling member 3 is locked by
The bond cannot be released unless the ring 8 within the recess 13 is destroyed by shearing.
この場合、窪み１３の体積が上記の限界内であれば、リ
ング８の剪断に対して最大の表面積を与え、それに対応
して最大のロック力を与える。ビン１と接合部材３は夫
々のパイプにねじ止めされる。In this case, if the volume of the recess 13 is within the above-mentioned limits, it provides the maximum surface area for shearing of the ring 8 and correspondingly the maximum locking force. The bottle 1 and the joining member 3 are screwed to their respective pipes.
流体圧が０のとき接合部材３の孔２内でのビンの固着は
、前もって好適には８〜１０％だけ横断面にわたりリン
グ８と９を縮小させることにより行われる。ピン１は摩
擦力によってのみ孔２内に保持される。The fixing of the bottle in the hole 2 of the joining element 3 at zero fluid pressure is effected beforehand by reducing the rings 8 and 9 over the cross section, preferably by 8 to 10%. The pin 1 is held in the bore 2 only by frictional forces.
この接手は次のように機能する。This joint works as follows.
流体（例えば圧縮ガス）が加圧されている場合、この流
体はピン１（第１図）の側および接合部材３の側から供
給しうる。If the fluid (eg compressed gas) is pressurized, this fluid can be supplied from the side of the pin 1 (FIG. 1) and from the side of the joining member 3.
ビン１からの流体流れを考えてみる。孔４、孔５および
孔１１を通った後、容器（図示せず）に入る。ビン１は
シールリング８と９の摩擦力によってのみ孔２内に保持
される。加圧下でこの接手（第２図）を離そうとすると
、ピン１はその配置方向とは逆の方向に軸的にずれるが
、第１シールリング８が窪み１３に向って動く。流体圧
力により、リング８は円形溝６のテーパ側面１０に押し
つけられてそこに乗り上がり窪み１３に入り、それと溝
６とにより形成される共通のスペースを占領する。窪み
１３の体積はシールリング８のそれより５０〜６０％小
さいから、このリングは窪み１３よりはみ出してそのス
ペース内に固定されて接合のはずれを防止する。更に、
接合部材３の端面１４からビン１の側での窪み１３まで
の距離ａがリング８と９の間の距離すより大きいから、
第２シールリング９は接合部材３の孔２の限界を越えて
動くことがなく、それ故接手金体のシール特性を保持す
る。Consider the fluid flow from bottle 1. After passing through holes 4, 5 and 11, it enters a container (not shown). The bottle 1 is held in the bore 2 only by the frictional force of the sealing rings 8 and 9. When this joint (FIG. 2) is released under pressure, the pin 1 is axially displaced in a direction opposite to its orientation, but the first sealing ring 8 moves towards the recess 13. Due to the fluid pressure, the ring 8 is forced against the tapered side surface 10 of the circular groove 6 and rides up into the depression 13, occupying the common space formed by it and the groove 6. Since the volume of the recess 13 is 50-60% smaller than that of the seal ring 8, this ring protrudes from the recess 13 and is fixed within that space to prevent the joint from coming loose. Furthermore,
Since the distance a from the end surface 14 of the joining member 3 to the recess 13 on the side of the bottle 1 is larger than the distance between the rings 8 and 9,
The second sealing ring 9 does not move beyond the limits of the hole 2 in the joining member 3 and therefore retains the sealing properties of the joint body.
流体圧が除かれると、第１シールリング８はその弾性に
より圧縮されて溝６内に沈み、バイブ接手が切りはなせ
るように窪み１３との接触が解放される。When the fluid pressure is removed, the first seal ring 8 is compressed by its elasticity and sinks into the groove 6, releasing contact with the recess 13 so that the vibe joint can be severed.
このように加圧下でこの接手を切りはなそうとする場合
には、共通スペース内にあって窪み１３内で動く第１シ
ールリング８が接手を全体として自動的にロックし、端
面１４と窪み１３との間の距離がリング間のそれより大
であることにより、その間シール特性を維持する。If this joint is to be severed under pressure, the first sealing ring 8, which is located in the common space and moves within the recess 13, automatically locks the joint as a whole and separates the end face 14 and the recess. 13 is greater than that between the rings, thereby maintaining the sealing properties therebetween.
本発明は工作機械、航空機および自動車産業における流
体システムのパイプの接合に利用出来る。The invention can be used for joining pipes in fluid systems in the machine tool, aircraft and automotive industries.
特に、この発明は、ガス充填部所の吊下げホースをガス
充填コンプレッサ部所で自然圧縮ガスのサービスを受け
る動力付の車両のガスシリンダに接続するために使用出
来る。In particular, the invention can be used to connect a suspension hose of a gas filling station to a gas cylinder of a motorized vehicle that is serviced with naturally compressed gas at a gas filling compressor station.
第１図は本発明による管接手の断面図、第２図は加圧下
での第１図の接手のロック状態を示す断面図である。
１・・・ピン、２・・・孔、３・・・パイプ結合部材、
４・・・盲目孔、５・・・半径方向孔、６．７・・・円
形溝、８・・・第１シールリング、９・・・第２シール
リング、１０・・・テーバ側面、１１・・・流体用孔、
１２・・・ビンの円形窪み、１３・・・ビン接合部材の
円形窪み、１４・・・端面。FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a pipe joint according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the locking state of the joint of FIG. 1 under pressure. 1... Pin, 2... Hole, 3... Pipe coupling member,
4... Blind hole, 5... Radial hole, 6.7... Circular groove, 8... First seal ring, 9... Second seal ring, 10... Taber side surface, 11 ...Fluid hole,
12... Circular depression of bottle, 13... Circular depression of bottle joining member, 14... End surface.
Claims (1)
ピン（１）はパイプ結合部材（３）の穴（２）内に配置
されると共に穴（２）と同軸となって半径方向孔（５）
と連通する盲目孔（４）を有しており、その両側でピン
（１）の外面上に円形の溝（６、７）があり、その溝に
はピン（１）の方向から見て第１および第２のシールリ
ング（８、９）が配置され、そしてパイプ結合部材（３
）は孔（５）と連通する他の孔（１１）を有しており、
上記パイプ結合部材（３）の孔（２）の表面の適用流体
用の上記孔（１１）と第１シールリング（８）との間の
部分には円形の窪み（１３）が設けてあり、上記第１シ
ールリング（８）を受け入れる上記ピン（１）の円形溝
（６）の側面（１０）はテーパをもち、上記円形溝（６
）が円形窪み（１３）と共に流体圧力があるときにパイ
プ結合部材（３）内にピン（１）を固定するために第１
シールリング（８）を受け入れる共通のスペースを形成
し、上記円形窪み（１３）は上記パイプ結合部材（３）
の端面（１４）とピン（１）の側部における上記窪み（
１３）との間の距離が上記第１および第２シールリング
（８、９）間の距離より大となるように配置されるごと
くなったことを特徴とする取りはずし容易な管接手。 ２、前記パイプ結合部材（３）の円形窪み （１３）は前記第１シールリングの体積より小さい体積
を有することを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載の
管接手。[Claims] 1. Consisting of a pipe coupling member (3) and a pin (1), the pin (1) is disposed within the hole (2) of the pipe coupling member (3) and is connected to the hole (2). Coaxial radial hole (5)
It has a blind hole (4) communicating with the pin (1), and on both sides there are circular grooves (6, 7) on the outer surface of the pin (1), which grooves have a number 1 and a second sealing ring (8, 9) are arranged, and a pipe coupling member (3
) has another hole (11) communicating with the hole (5),
A circular depression (13) is provided in the surface of the hole (2) of the pipe coupling member (3) between the hole (11) for the applied fluid and the first seal ring (8); The side surface (10) of the circular groove (6) of the pin (1) for receiving the first seal ring (8) is tapered, and the circular groove (6) is tapered.
) together with a circular recess (13) to secure the pin (1) in the pipe coupling member (3) when there is fluid pressure.
The circular recess (13) forms a common space for receiving the sealing ring (8) and the pipe coupling member (3).
The above-mentioned depression (
13) is arranged such that the distance between the first and second seal rings (8, 9) is greater than the distance between the first and second seal rings (8, 9). 2. The pipe joint according to claim 1, wherein the circular recess (13) of the pipe coupling member (3) has a volume smaller than the volume of the first seal ring.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SU864153152A SU1573286A1 (en) | 1986-10-24 | 1986-10-24 | Quick-release connection of pipelines |
| SU4153152 | 1986-10-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63135689A true JPS63135689A (en) | 1988-06-08 |
Family
ID=21269757
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62267590A Pending JPS63135689A (en) | 1986-10-24 | 1987-10-22 | Easily detachable pipe joint |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63135689A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3735718A1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU198784B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1218174B (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ222260A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL268393A1 (en) |
| SU (1) | SU1573286A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3924375A1 (en) * | 1989-07-22 | 1991-01-24 | Ingbuero Fuer Indplanung | Quick fit coupling for pipe lines - has elastic locking element activated by pressure medium |
| EP1096191A3 (en) * | 1999-11-01 | 2003-05-14 | Pressure Balance Systems Limited | Connector without mechanical retention means |
| JP6417548B2 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2018-11-07 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | Mold assembly with concentric tubes for hermetically supplying fluid and vacuum |
| WO2020194157A1 (en) | 2019-03-22 | 2020-10-01 | Fastest, Inc. | Quick connect fluid connector, swivel, and combination thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1294881A (en) * | 1969-11-05 | 1972-11-01 | ||
| SE7409869L (en) * | 1973-08-20 | 1975-02-21 | Legris France Sa | |
| SU715885A1 (en) * | 1977-05-03 | 1980-02-15 | Калининградский Машиностроительный Завод | Quick-detaching pipeline coupling |
-
1986
- 1986-10-24 SU SU864153152A patent/SU1573286A1/en active
-
1987
- 1987-10-21 NZ NZ222260A patent/NZ222260A/en unknown
- 1987-10-22 DE DE19873735718 patent/DE3735718A1/en active Granted
- 1987-10-22 JP JP62267590A patent/JPS63135689A/en active Pending
- 1987-10-23 HU HU874750A patent/HU198784B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-23 IT IT48531/87A patent/IT1218174B/en active
- 1987-10-24 PL PL1987268393A patent/PL268393A1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HUT48348A (en) | 1989-05-29 |
| IT1218174B (en) | 1990-04-12 |
| SU1573286A1 (en) | 1990-06-23 |
| HU198784B (en) | 1989-11-28 |
| PL268393A1 (en) | 1988-09-01 |
| DE3735718A1 (en) | 1988-04-28 |
| IT8748531A0 (en) | 1987-10-23 |
| DE3735718C2 (en) | 1991-02-07 |
| NZ222260A (en) | 1989-11-28 |
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