JPS63129033A - Process for feeding raw material for glass - Google Patents
Process for feeding raw material for glassInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63129033A JPS63129033A JP27393386A JP27393386A JPS63129033A JP S63129033 A JPS63129033 A JP S63129033A JP 27393386 A JP27393386 A JP 27393386A JP 27393386 A JP27393386 A JP 27393386A JP S63129033 A JPS63129033 A JP S63129033A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- raw material
- glass raw
- carrier gas
- flow rate
- glass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane Chemical compound ClCC(CCl)(CCl)CCl KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- IEXRMSFAVATTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachlorogermane Chemical compound Cl[Ge](Cl)(Cl)Cl IEXRMSFAVATTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/01413—Reactant delivery systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2207/00—Glass deposition burners
- C03B2207/80—Feeding the burner or the burner-heated deposition site
- C03B2207/85—Feeding the burner or the burner-heated deposition site with vapour generated from liquid glass precursors, e.g. directly by heating the liquid
- C03B2207/86—Feeding the burner or the burner-heated deposition site with vapour generated from liquid glass precursors, e.g. directly by heating the liquid by bubbling a gas through the liquid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2207/00—Glass deposition burners
- C03B2207/80—Feeding the burner or the burner-heated deposition site
- C03B2207/85—Feeding the burner or the burner-heated deposition site with vapour generated from liquid glass precursors, e.g. directly by heating the liquid
- C03B2207/88—Controlling the pressure
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
- Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〈産業上の利用公費〉
本発明は光ファイバ用母材のガラス原料を所望の供給量
で再現性よ（反応容器へ供給しうるガラス原料供給方法
に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Utilization Public Funds> The present invention relates to a method for supplying a glass raw material for an optical fiber base material to a reaction vessel in a reproducible manner in a desired supply amount.
〈従来の技術〉
光ファイバ用母材の代表的製造方法としては、肉付は法
、外付は法及びＶＡＤ法（気相軸付は法）が知られてい
る。従来のこれらの方法においては、四塩化ケイ素及び
四塩化ゲルマニウム、オキシ塩化リン、三臭化ホウ素等
のドーピング物質を各原料容器内に充填し、流量制御さ
れたキャリアガス、例えばアルゴンガスを各原料容器内
のガラス原料中にバブリングして所望の各原料のガスを
発生させ、該原料蒸気の飽和度を調整した後、これらを
反応領域に輸送供給していた。第４図には従来のガラス
原料供給方法を概念的に示しである。同図において、１
はキャリアガス流量制御器、２はガラス原料容器、３は
ガラス原料、４は反応容器であり、ガラス原料容器２内
のガラス原料３はキャリアガス流量制御Ｗｊｌにより制
御されたキャリアガスのバブリングにより蒸気化され、
反応容器４に供給される。<Prior Art> As typical methods for manufacturing optical fiber preforms, there are known methods for producing optical fiber preforms, such as the thickening method, the external mounting method, and the VAD method (vapor phase shafting method). In these conventional methods, doping substances such as silicon tetrachloride, germanium tetrachloride, phosphorus oxychloride, and boron tribromide are filled into each raw material container, and a carrier gas such as argon gas is supplied to each raw material at a controlled flow rate. Gases of desired raw materials were generated by bubbling into the glass raw materials in the container, and after adjusting the degree of saturation of the raw material vapors, these were transported and supplied to the reaction zone. FIG. 4 conceptually shows a conventional glass raw material supply method. In the same figure, 1
is a carrier gas flow rate controller, 2 is a frit container, 3 is a frit, and 4 is a reaction vessel, and the frit 3 in the frit container 2 is vaporized by bubbling of the carrier gas controlled by the carrier gas flow rate control Wjl. became
It is supplied to the reaction vessel 4.
このようなガラス原料供給方法における流！ｍは次式で
表されていた。The flow in such a glass raw material supply method! m was expressed by the following formula.
（１１式中、ｍはガラス原料流量、Ｃは飽和度係数、Ｍ
はキャリアガス流量、Ｔは容器の温度、ＰＩＴ、は温度
Ｔにおけろガラス原料蒸気圧である。(In formula 11, m is the glass raw material flow rate, C is the saturation coefficient, M
is the carrier gas flow rate, T is the temperature of the container, and PIT is the frit vapor pressure at temperature T.
この蒸気化したガラス原料流量ｍを一定にするには（１
）式の右辺に示される各位を一定に保てばよい。そして
、飽和度係数Ｃを一定にする技術としては、例えば特公
昭６１−１３７８号公報に開示されている。この技術に
よると、同一の液状ガラス原料を充填した容器を前・後
段に区分してバブリング用キャリアガス導管により直列
に接続し、且つ前段にある容器の温度を後段にある容器
の温度により高温に保持することにより、飽和度係数Ｃ
を再現性よ（はぼ１に保つことができる。また、容器の
温度Ｔは温度制御装置、キャリアガス流量Ｍは例えばマ
スフローコントローラーによって再現性よく一定に保つ
ことができる。In order to keep the vaporized frit flow rate m constant (1
) can be kept constant on the right side of the equation. A technique for keeping the saturation coefficient C constant is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 1378/1983. According to this technology, containers filled with the same liquid glass raw material are divided into front and rear stages and connected in series through a bubbling carrier gas conduit, and the temperature of the container at the front stage is raised to a higher temperature by the temperature of the container at the rear stage. By holding, the saturation coefficient C
can be kept at a constant level with good reproducibility. Also, the temperature T of the container can be kept constant with good reproducibility by a temperature control device, and the carrier gas flow rate M can be kept constant with good reproducibility, for example, by a mass flow controller.
〈発明が解決しようとする問題点〉
しかしながら、従来のガラス原料供給方法によると、た
とえ、上述したような方法により飽和度係数Ｃ１キャリ
アガス流［Ｍ及び容器の温度Ｔを一定に保っても、やは
りガラス原料の流量ｍは微妙に変化してしまい、再現性
よく、一定値に保つことができなかった。<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> However, according to the conventional glass raw material supply method, even if the saturation coefficient C1 carrier gas flow [M and the temperature T of the container are kept constant by the method described above, As expected, the flow rate m of the glass raw material changed slightly and could not be kept at a constant value with good reproducibility.
本発明はこのような事情に鑑み、ガラス原料を所望の供
給量に再現性よく保つことができるガラス原料供給方法
を提供することを目的とする。In view of these circumstances, the present invention aims to provide a method for supplying glass raw materials that can maintain a desired supply amount of glass raw materials with good reproducibility.
く問題点を解決するための手段〉
前記目的を達成するために、本発明者らは種々検討を重
ねた結果、従来のガラス原料供給方法においては大気圧
の変化によりガラス原料流量ｍが変化してしまうことを
知見した。Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have conducted various studies and found that in the conventional glass raw material supply method, the glass raw material flow rate m changes due to changes in atmospheric pressure. I found out that this can happen.
すなわち、次の（２）式において大気圧Ｐ。がΔＰ。That is, atmospheric pressure P in the following equation (2). is ΔP.
ｔ！け変化するとガラス原料流量ｍは（３）式で表され
る６ｍだけ変化してしまうことが判明しｔこ。T! It turns out that if the amount changes, the glass raw material flow rate m will change by 6 m, which is expressed by equation (3).
よって、大気圧Ｐ。が変動した場合には、この変動を打
ち消すようにキャリアガス流量Ｍ１容器の温度Ｔ及び飽
和度係数Ｃのうち何れか１つ又は２つ以上を変化させる
ようにすればよい。Therefore, atmospheric pressure P. If there is a change in the carrier gas flow rate M1, one or more of the temperature T of the container and the saturation coefficient C may be changed to cancel out this change.
かかる知見に基づく本発明の構成は、光ファイバ用母材
の液状ガラス原料を原料容器に充填し、この液状ガラス
原料にキャリアガスをバブリングして蒸気化し、蒸気状
ガラス原料及びキャリアガスの混合物を反応容器に供給
するガラス原料供給方法において、前記原料容器をとり
かこむ大気の圧力を測定し、この大気圧の変動に応じて
キャリアガスの流量、蒸気状ガラス原料の蒸気圧及びガ
ラス原料蒸気の飽和度の何れか１つ又は２つ以上を変化
させることにより蒸気状ガラス原料の供給量を一定にす
ることを特徴とする。The structure of the present invention based on this knowledge is to fill a raw material container with a liquid glass raw material for an optical fiber base material, vaporize the liquid glass raw material by bubbling a carrier gas into the liquid glass raw material, and create a mixture of the vaporized glass raw material and the carrier gas. In a method for supplying glass raw materials to a reaction vessel, the pressure of the atmosphere surrounding the raw material vessel is measured, and the flow rate of the carrier gas, the vapor pressure of the vaporous glass raw material, and the saturation of the glass raw material vapor are adjusted according to fluctuations in the atmospheric pressure. The method is characterized in that the supply amount of the vaporous glass raw material is made constant by changing one or more of the degrees.
く作 用〉
大気圧の変動による蒸気状ガラス原料の供給量の変化を
打ち消すようにキャリアガスの流量・蒸気状ガラス原料
の蒸気圧及びガラス原料蒸気の飽和度の何れか１つ又は
２つ以上を変化させることにより蒸気状ガラス原料の供
給量を一定にする。Effect> Any one or more of the flow rate of the carrier gas, the vapor pressure of the vaporous frit, and the degree of saturation of the frit vapor to cancel out changes in the supply amount of the vaporous frit due to fluctuations in atmospheric pressure. By changing the amount, the amount of vaporized glass raw material supplied is kept constant.
く実 施 例〉 以下、本発明を実施例を挙げて具体的に説明する。Example of implementation Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to Examples.
第１図は本実施例を概念的に示す説明図であり、同図中
、１はキャリアガス流量制御器、２はガラス原料容器、
３はガラス原料、４は反応容器を示す。以上の構成は従
来と同様であるが、本実施例では周囲の大気圧を測定す
る大気圧センサ５を設けるとともに、この大気圧センサ
５の測定値に応じてキャリアガス流量制御器１を補正制
御してガラス原料流量を一定に保つようにするキャリア
ガスの補正制御装置６を設けている。さらに詳言すると
、補正制御装置６は、大気圧センサ５の測定値の変化量
より上述の（３）式にしたがいガラス原料流量の変化量
を計算し、この変化量を補う量だけキャリアガス流量を
増加もしくは減少する制御を行っている。これによりガ
ラス原料流量は、大気圧が変化しても常に一定になるよ
うに制御され、再現性よく光ファイバ用ガラス母材を得
ることができる。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram conceptually showing this embodiment, in which 1 is a carrier gas flow rate controller, 2 is a frit container,
3 indicates a glass raw material, and 4 indicates a reaction vessel. The above configuration is the same as the conventional one, but in this embodiment, an atmospheric pressure sensor 5 is provided to measure the surrounding atmospheric pressure, and the carrier gas flow rate controller 1 is corrected and controlled according to the measured value of the atmospheric pressure sensor 5. A carrier gas correction control device 6 is provided to keep the frit flow rate constant. More specifically, the correction control device 6 calculates the amount of change in the glass raw material flow rate according to the above-mentioned equation (3) from the amount of change in the measured value of the atmospheric pressure sensor 5, and calculates the amount of change in the flow rate of the frit by the amount that compensates for this amount of change. control to increase or decrease. As a result, the glass raw material flow rate is controlled to be constant even if the atmospheric pressure changes, and a glass preform for optical fiber can be obtained with good reproducibility.
次に実験例を説明する。Next, an experimental example will be explained.
上述の実施例において、キャリアガス制御装置１として
マスフローコントローラーを用い、キャリアガスとして
アルゴンガスを毎分２００ ｃｃ流し、３６．０℃に保
った反応容器４に輸送されたガラス原料３である四塩化
ケイ素の流量を測定した。なお、大気圧を７４Ｏｎ＋＋
ａＨｇから７６０ｍＨｇに変化させたときの結果を第２
図に示す。In the above example, a mass flow controller was used as the carrier gas control device 1, argon gas was flowed at 200 cc/min as the carrier gas, and the glass raw material 3, ie, tetrachloride, was transported to the reaction vessel 4 maintained at 36.0°C. The flow rate of silicon was measured. In addition, the atmospheric pressure is 74On++
The second result is the result when changing from aHg to 760mHg.
As shown in the figure.
比較のため、第４図に示す従来の方法によって上述の条
件と同様な実験を行い、この結果を第５図に示す。For comparison, an experiment was conducted using the conventional method shown in FIG. 4 under the same conditions as described above, and the results are shown in FIG.
第３図及び第５図に示すように、従来の方法では大気圧
が変化するとガラス原料流量が変化してしまうが、本発
明方法によれば、大気圧が変化しても、ガラス原料流量
が一定に保たれろことが確認された。As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, in the conventional method, the frit flow rate changes when the atmospheric pressure changes, but according to the method of the present invention, the frit flow rate changes even if the atmospheric pressure changes. It was confirmed that it should be kept constant.
さらに、上記実施例の方法により、実際にグレイテッド
インデックス型光ファイバを１００本製造し、その１．
３μｍにおける伝送帯域について調べたところ、第３図
に示す結果を得た。Furthermore, 100 graded index optical fibers were actually manufactured using the method of the above embodiment, and 1.
When the transmission band at 3 μm was investigated, the results shown in FIG. 3 were obtained.
また、比較のため、第４図に示す従来の方法により同様
にグレイテッドインデックス型光ファイバを１００本製
造し、その１３μｍにおける伝送帯域について調へたと
ころ、第６図に示す結果を得た。For comparison, 100 graded index optical fibers were similarly manufactured using the conventional method shown in FIG. 4, and the transmission band at 13 μm was investigated, and the results shown in FIG. 6 were obtained.
現在の技術水準では大気圧の変動以外の要因も伝送帯域
に影響するので、まったく同質の光ファイバを製造する
ことは不可能であるが、第３図及び第６図に示す結果か
ら、木兄 ・明方法を用いることにより伝送帯域値のち
らぼり具合が低減できることが明らかである。With the current state of technology, factors other than atmospheric pressure fluctuations also affect the transmission band, so it is impossible to manufacture optical fibers of exactly the same quality. However, from the results shown in Figures 3 and 6, - It is clear that the scattering of transmission band values can be reduced by using the bright method.
なお、上記実施例においては大気圧の変動に応じてキャ
リアガスの流量を変化させるようにしているが、この代
りにガラス原料の蒸気圧（原料容器の温度で制御する）
あるいはガラス原料蒸気の飽和度、もしくはこれらを２
つ以上同時に変化させることによりガラス原料流量を一
定に保つことができる。Note that in the above embodiment, the flow rate of the carrier gas is changed according to fluctuations in atmospheric pressure, but instead of this, the vapor pressure of the glass raw material (controlled by the temperature of the raw material container) is changed.
Or saturation of frit vapor, or 2
By changing two or more at the same time, the glass raw material flow rate can be kept constant.
〈発明の効果〉
以上、実施例とともに具体的に説明したように、本発明
にかかるガラス原料供給方法によれば、ガラス原料が大
気圧の変動に影響されずに一定流量で供給されるので、
再現性よく同質の光ファイバ母材を得ることができる。<Effects of the Invention> As specifically explained above in conjunction with the examples, according to the glass raw material supply method according to the present invention, the glass raw material is supplied at a constant flow rate without being affected by fluctuations in atmospheric pressure.
Optical fiber preforms of the same quality can be obtained with good reproducibility.
また、本発明方法は、光ファイバ母材の製造のみならず
、種々の気相状態で堆積成長させろ結晶育成、材料製造
分野における原料供給に応用しても同様の理由から有用
である。Furthermore, the method of the present invention is useful not only for the production of optical fiber preforms, but also for the same reason when it is applied to deposition growth in various gas phase states, crystal growth, and raw material supply in the field of material production.
第１図〜第３図は本発明の実施例にかかり、第１図はそ
の構成を概念的に示す説明図、第２図は大気圧の変動に
対するガラス原料の輸送量の変化を示すグラフ、第３図
は伝送帯域に対するファイバ数を示すヒストグラム、第
４図〜第６図は従来技術にかかり、第４図はその構成を
示す説明図、第５図は大気圧の変動に対するガラス原料
の輸送量の変化を示すグラフ、第６図は伝送帯域に対す
るファイバ数を示すヒストグラムである。
図面中、
１はキャリアガス制御装置、
２はガラス原料容器、
３はガラス原料、
４は反応容器、
５は大気圧センサ、
６はキャリアガス流量補正装置である。1 to 3 relate to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram conceptually showing its configuration, and FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in the transport amount of glass raw materials with respect to fluctuations in atmospheric pressure. Figure 3 is a histogram showing the number of fibers with respect to the transmission band, Figures 4 to 6 relate to the conventional technology, Figure 4 is an explanatory diagram showing its configuration, and Figure 5 is the transportation of glass raw materials with respect to atmospheric pressure fluctuations. FIG. 6 is a histogram showing the number of fibers with respect to the transmission band. In the drawings, 1 is a carrier gas control device, 2 is a frit container, 3 is a frit material, 4 is a reaction vessel, 5 is an atmospheric pressure sensor, and 6 is a carrier gas flow rate correction device.
Claims (1)
、この液状ガラス原料にキャリアガスをバブリングして
蒸気化し、蒸気状ガラス原料及びキャリアガスの混合物
を反応容器に供給するガラス原料供給方法において、前
記原料容器をとりかこむ大気の圧力を測定し、この大気
圧の変動に応じてキャリアガスの流量、蒸気状ガラス原
料の蒸気圧及びガラス原料蒸気の飽和度の何れか１つ又
は２つ以上を変化させることにより蒸気状ガラス原料の
供給量を一定にすることを特徴とするガラス原料供給方
法。In a glass raw material supply method, a liquid glass raw material for an optical fiber base material is filled into a raw material container, a carrier gas is bubbled into the liquid glass raw material to vaporize it, and a mixture of the vaporized glass raw material and the carrier gas is supplied to a reaction vessel. , measure the pressure of the atmosphere surrounding the raw material container, and adjust one or more of the flow rate of the carrier gas, the vapor pressure of the vaporized frit, and the degree of saturation of the frit vapor according to fluctuations in the atmospheric pressure. A glass raw material supply method characterized by keeping the supply amount of vaporous glass raw material constant by changing the amount of glass raw material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27393386A JPS63129033A (en) | 1986-11-19 | 1986-11-19 | Process for feeding raw material for glass |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27393386A JPS63129033A (en) | 1986-11-19 | 1986-11-19 | Process for feeding raw material for glass |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63129033A true JPS63129033A (en) | 1988-06-01 |
| JPH0433738B2 JPH0433738B2 (en) | 1992-06-03 |
Family
ID=17534594
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27393386A Granted JPS63129033A (en) | 1986-11-19 | 1986-11-19 | Process for feeding raw material for glass |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63129033A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0226849A (en) * | 1988-07-15 | 1990-01-29 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | Production of optical fiber bace material |
| JPH0240440U (en) * | 1988-09-08 | 1990-03-19 | ||
| JP2018529549A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2018-10-11 | トーンジェット リミテッド | How to operate an inkjet printhead |
-
1986
- 1986-11-19 JP JP27393386A patent/JPS63129033A/en active Granted
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0226849A (en) * | 1988-07-15 | 1990-01-29 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | Production of optical fiber bace material |
| JPH0240440U (en) * | 1988-09-08 | 1990-03-19 | ||
| JP2018529549A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2018-10-11 | トーンジェット リミテッド | How to operate an inkjet printhead |
| US11148423B2 (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2021-10-19 | Tonejet Limited | Method of operating an inkjet printhead |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0433738B2 (en) | 1992-06-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |