JPS63114984A - Spectacles frame member having tubular structure - Google Patents
Spectacles frame member having tubular structureInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63114984A JPS63114984A JP61262515A JP26251586A JPS63114984A JP S63114984 A JPS63114984 A JP S63114984A JP 61262515 A JP61262515 A JP 61262515A JP 26251586 A JP26251586 A JP 26251586A JP S63114984 A JPS63114984 A JP S63114984A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- frame member
- eyeglass frame
- alloy
- treatment
- tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910017945 Cu—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910003286 Ni-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 9
- DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium copper Chemical compound [Be].[Cu] DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silver Chemical compound [Ni].[Ag] MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010956 nickel silver Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000002262 tip cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001573 beryllium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021174 kaiseki Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000952 Be alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KOMIMHZRQFFCOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].[Cu].[Zn] Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu].[Zn] KOMIMHZRQFFCOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UTICYDQJEHVLJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper manganese nickel Chemical compound [Mn].[Ni].[Cu] UTICYDQJEHVLJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 helium copper Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Eyeglasses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は金属製眼鏡枠部材特に管構造を存する眼鏡枠部
材に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a metal eyeglass frame member, particularly to an eyeglass frame member having a tube structure.
金属製眼鏡枠を軽量化するためにＴｉやＡｌ製の眼鏡枠
部材が知られている。Eyeglass frame members made of Ti or Al are known to reduce the weight of metal eyeglass frames.
しかしながら、これらの眼鏡枠部材は、強度が不充分で
あるという問題点があった。However, these eyeglass frame members have a problem of insufficient strength.
本発明の目的は、軽量で、しかも強度が高い眼鏡枠部材
を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide an eyeglass frame member that is lightweight and has high strength.
本発明者らは、鋭意研究の結果、析出硬化性金属に着目
した。この金属は溶体化処理した後、時効硬化処理する
と強度が著しく向上するという性質がある。しかし、こ
の金属の典型例である銅ベリリウム合金は、比重が従来
の眼鏡枠部材の大部分に使用されている洋白（銅〜ニッ
ケルー亜鉛合金）と比べてほとんど同一であり、重い金
属であることは否定できない。As a result of extensive research, the present inventors focused on precipitation hardenable metals. This metal has the property that its strength is significantly improved when it is subjected to solution treatment and then age hardening treatment. However, copper-beryllium alloy, which is a typical example of this metal, has almost the same specific gravity as nickel silver (copper-nickel-zinc alloy), which is used in most conventional eyeglass frame components, making it a heavy metal. That cannot be denied.
そこで、この析出硬化性金属を管構造にして軽量化を図
り、溶体化処理そのあとの時効硬化処理により強化する
ことを着想して本発明を成すに至った。Therefore, we came up with the idea of making this precipitation hardenable metal into a tubular structure to reduce its weight, and strengthening it by solution treatment followed by age hardening treatment, and we have come up with the present invention.
従って、本発明は「析出硬化性金属管からなり、その少
なくとも一部分が溶体化処理され、その後、時効硬化処
理されたものであることを特徴とする眼鏡枠部材」を提
供する。Accordingly, the present invention provides "an eyeglass frame member comprising a precipitation hardenable metal tube, at least a portion of which has been subjected to solution treatment and then age hardening treatment."
（作用）
本発明で、「析出硬化性金属」とは、溶体化処理及びそ
の後の時効処理によって硬くなり強化される合金を意味
し、一般に理解されている析出硬化性金属よりも意味が
狭い。このような析出硬化性金属の例としては、ベリリ
ウム銅合金（Ｂｅ含有率は０．４〜４％で、銅基外にＣ
０１Ｎｉｓ ５ｎＳＣｒなどを含むこともある）、淵チ
タン合金、銅ニツケルマンガン合金例えばＣｕＣｕ−２
ＯＮｉ−２０合金、時効硬化性アルミニウム合金例えば
ＪＩＳ ＾６０００番台及び７０００番台の合金、時
効硬化性ステンレス鋼例えばＪＩＳ Ｇ ５ｔｌＳ ６
３０番台、コバルト基バネ合金例えばＣｏ−Ｎｉ−Ｃｒ
−Ｍｎ−合金などが挙げられる。(Function) In the present invention, "precipitation hardenable metal" means an alloy that becomes hard and strengthened by solution treatment and subsequent aging treatment, and has a narrower meaning than the generally understood precipitation hardenable metal. Examples of such precipitation hardenable metals include beryllium copper alloys (Be content 0.4-4%, C
01Nis 5nSCr, etc.), Fuchi titanium alloy, copper nickel manganese alloy such as CuCu-2
ONi-20 alloy, age hardenable aluminum alloys such as JIS 6000 series and 7000 series alloys, age hardenable stainless steels such as JIS G 5tlS 6
30 series, cobalt-based spring alloys such as Co-Ni-Cr
-Mn- alloy etc. are mentioned.
この金属は、予め溶体化処理し、その後時効処理すると
硬度（強度と相関関係があり、強度の目安となる）が向
上する。When this metal is subjected to solution treatment in advance and then subjected to aging treatment, its hardness (which is correlated with strength and serves as a measure of strength) improves.
「溶体化処理」とは、合金を固溶化した後、２激に冷却
して過飽和固溶体にする熱処理のことであり、高力型ベ
リリウム銅を例にして説明すると、それを８００℃の高
温に加熱すると溶質成分が固溶した軟いα相になるので
、その温度から急冷すると過飽和固溶体が得られる。こ
の熱処理が溶体化処理と呼ばれる。"Solution treatment" is a heat treatment that turns an alloy into a solid solution and then rapidly cools it into a supersaturated solid solution.To explain this using high-strength beryllium copper as an example, it is heated to a high temperature of 800℃. When heated, it becomes a soft alpha phase in which the solute components are dissolved, so when it is rapidly cooled from that temperature, a supersaturated solid solution is obtained. This heat treatment is called solution treatment.
そして、得られた過飽和固溶体を２００〜５００℃特に
３００〜３５０℃の比較的低温で熱処理するとベリリウ
ム化合物の析出が起こり合金は硬くなり強化される。こ
の熱処理は時効処理〔または（人工）時効硬化処理〕と
呼ばれる。この場合、合金が最も硬くなるような温度０
で熱処理する時効処理を適正時効処理と呼び、その温度
０より高い温度で熱処理する時効処理を過時効処理と呼
び、その温度”より低い温度で熱処理する時効処理を不
足時効処理と呼ぶ。Then, when the obtained supersaturated solid solution is heat-treated at a relatively low temperature of 200 to 500°C, particularly 300 to 350°C, beryllium compounds are precipitated, and the alloy becomes hard and strengthened. This heat treatment is called aging treatment [or (artificial) age hardening treatment]. In this case, the temperature at which the alloy becomes the hardest is 0.
Aging treatment that is heat treated at 0 is called proper aging treatment, aging treatment that is heat treated at a temperature higher than that temperature is called overage treatment, and aging treatment that is heat treated at a temperature lower than that temperature is called underage treatment.
焼なまし材とは、焼なましされた材料のことであり、「
焼なまし」とは、一般に合金の組織を最も安定な状態に
するために適当な加熱と冷却を行なう処理を言い、完全
焼なましとも呼ばれる。焼なましをするには、例えばベ
リリウム銅合金の場合、８００℃に加熱した後、炉冷、
即ち炉内に放置して徐々に放冷すればよい。従って、「
焼なまし」は、溶体化処理と比べて、加熱する点では変
わらないものの、冷却の点で急冷する必要がないので、
大量に処理できることから商業的には溶体化処理に比べ
有利な処理である。Annealed material is a material that has been annealed.
"Annealing" generally refers to a process in which appropriate heating and cooling are performed to bring the structure of an alloy into the most stable state, and is also called complete annealing. For annealing, for example, in the case of beryllium copper alloy, after heating to 800°C, furnace cooling,
That is, it may be left in a furnace and allowed to cool gradually. Therefore, “
Compared to solution treatment, "annealing" is the same in terms of heating, but it does not require rapid cooling, so
Commercially, this treatment is more advantageous than solution treatment because it can be treated in large quantities.
本発明の眼鏡枠部材は、少なくとも一部分が溶体化処理
される。この場合、全体は予め焼なましされていてもよ
い。焼なまし状態では、硬度は代表的な析出硬化性金属
である高力型ベリリウム銅の場合、ｌ（Ｖ ＝ １３０
と比較的柔らかいが、その後冷間加工すると、加工率に
応じてｌｎ＝２００〜２７０と硬くなる。 ＨＶ＝２０
０は従来の代表的な洋白の硬度と等しい。そして、溶体
化処理すると、高力型ベリリウム銅の場合、ＨＶ＝’１
２０に低下する。眼鏡枠部材を製作する上でろう接が必
要な場合には、溶体化処理の後又は溶体化処理と同時に
実施することが好ましい、何故ならば、ろう接の際の熱
でろう接部及びその近傍は軟化して高力型へリリウム銅
の場合、ＩＩＶ ＝ １２０に低下するが、溶体化処理
してあれば、その後の時効硬化処理で硬度を向上させる
ことができるからである。それに対して、洋白の場合、
ろう接の熱で）ＩＶ ＝ １００程度に軟化し、そのま
まである。そのため、外部応力が集中し易いろう接部及
びその近傍に外部応力が作用すると簡単に変形してしま
う欠点がある。特に最近細身の眼鏡枠部材が好まれる傾
向にあり、そのため益々強度（硬度）の高い眼鏡枠部材
が望まれているのである。At least a portion of the eyeglass frame member of the present invention is subjected to solution treatment. In this case, the whole may be annealed beforehand. In the annealed state, the hardness is l (V = 130
Although it is relatively soft, when it is cold-worked afterwards, it becomes hard with ln=200 to 270 depending on the working rate. HV=20
0 is equal to the hardness of typical conventional nickel silver. Then, after solution treatment, in the case of high-strength beryllium copper, HV='1
It drops to 20. If soldering is required to manufacture eyeglass frame members, it is preferable to perform it after or simultaneously with solution treatment, because the heat during soldering can damage the soldered parts and their parts. This is because the vicinity becomes soft and in the case of high-strength helium copper, the IIV decreases to 120, but if solution treatment is applied, the hardness can be improved by subsequent age hardening treatment. On the other hand, in the case of nickel silver,
Due to the heat of soldering, it softens to about IV = 100 and remains as it is. Therefore, there is a drawback that when external stress acts on the brazed portion and its vicinity, where external stress tends to concentrate, the soldering portion easily deforms. In particular, there has recently been a trend toward preference for slender eyeglass frame members, and as a result, eyeglass frame members with higher strength (hardness) are increasingly desired.
尚、全体を溶体化処理した（場合により溶体化処理の後
に冷間加工をしてもよい）、次いで予備時効して全体の
硬度を高力型ベリリウム銅の場合）ＩＶ ＝ ２００〜
４４０程度に向上させた後、■ろう接部及びその近傍（
ここはろう接により軟化する）を再び溶体化処理してろ
う接するか、又は■ろう接と同時に溶体化処理してもよ
い。In addition, the entire product is solution treated (cold working may be performed after solution treatment depending on the case), and then pre-aged to increase the hardness of the entire product (in the case of high-strength beryllium copper) IV = 200 ~
After improving the temperature to about 440, ■ the soldered part and its vicinity (
(This softens during soldering) may be subjected to solution treatment again and soldered, or (2) solution treatment may be performed at the same time as brazing.
そして最後に時効硬化処理する。これにより予め溶体化
処理された部分は、硬度が向上する。軟化したろう接部
及びその近傍の硬度も、時効硬化処理により硬度が向上
する。予備時効を不足時効とし、後の時効硬化処理を適
性時効又は適当な過時効とすれば、ろう接部及びその近
傍の硬度をその他の部分に比べて高くすることができる
。Finally, it is subjected to age hardening treatment. As a result, the hardness of the previously solution-treated portion is improved. The hardness of the softened brazed portion and its vicinity is also improved by the age hardening treatment. If the preliminary aging is underaging and the subsequent age hardening treatment is appropriate aging or appropriate overaging, the hardness of the brazed portion and its vicinity can be made higher than that of other parts.
一般に金属製の眼鏡枠部材は、原料金属から直接に鋳造
してもよいが、コストが高くなるので、原料となる金属
丸線を入手し、これを所定の径にする線引き加工、断面
を所定の形にする異形線引き加工、切断、曲げ、プレス
、切削、穴あけ等の加工を施して眼鏡枠部材例えばリム
、リムに丸める（これを圧巻という）前の所定長さのリ
ム、ブリッジ、ワタリ、ブロー智、ヨロイ、ヨロイ智、
バンド足、汗止め金物、丁番片、テンプルなどにする。In general, metal eyeglass frame members can be cast directly from raw metal, but this increases the cost, so obtain raw metal round wire, draw it to a predetermined diameter, and cut the cross section to a predetermined shape. A rim of a predetermined length before being rolled into an eyeglass frame member such as a rim, a rim (this is called a masterpiece) by processing such as drawing, cutting, bending, pressing, cutting, drilling, etc. Blow wisdom, armor, armor wisdom,
Use for band legs, sweatproof hardware, hinge pieces, temples, etc.
この場合、塑性変形を伴い加工硬化の生じる加工を冷間
加工と呼ぶ。In this case, processing in which work hardening occurs accompanied by plastic deformation is called cold working.
本発明の眼鏡枠部材は、先に例示した部材又はそれらの
２部材以上をろう接したものを意味する。The eyeglass frame member of the present invention refers to the above-mentioned members or two or more members thereof soldered together.
後者の場合、小さい部材の場合には、一部の部材は析出
硬化性金属以外の金属例えば洋白、ステンレス鋼、ニン
ケルクロム合金などで作られていてもよい。In the latter case, in the case of small parts, some parts may be made of metals other than precipitation hardenable metals, such as nickel silver, stainless steel, nickel chrome alloys, etc.
溶体化処理温度は例えばベリリウム銅合金では７００〜
８５０℃である。For example, the solution treatment temperature is 700~ for beryllium copper alloy.
The temperature is 850°C.
時効処理は例えばベリリウム銅合金では２００〜５００
℃特に３００〜３５０℃の比較的低温で熱処理するとベ
リリウム化合物の析出が起こり合金は硬く強化される。Aging treatment is, for example, 200 to 500 for beryllium copper alloy.
C. If the heat treatment is performed at a relatively low temperature of 300 to 350.degree. C., beryllium compounds will precipitate and the alloy will become hard and strengthened.
本発明の眼鏡枠部材は、管構造であることも特徴の１つ
であるが、この場合、本発明者らの実験によれば、眼鏡
枠部材としての管それ自体又はそれに加工する前の素材
管の外径対内径の比をｌＯ：６．０〜１０ ： ８．５
にすることが好ましいことが判明した。なお、本明細書
を通して、管とは、特に断りのない限り、円管に限らず
角管、楕円管等、種々の中空断面形状を含む概念で用い
る。One of the characteristics of the eyeglass frame member of the present invention is that it has a tube structure, but in this case, according to the experiments of the present inventors, the tube itself or the material before processing as the eyeglass frame member The ratio of the outer diameter to the inner diameter of the tube is lO: 6.0 to 10: 8.5.
It has been found that it is preferable to Note that throughout this specification, unless otherwise specified, the term "pipe" is used as a concept that includes not only circular pipes but also various hollow cross-sectional shapes such as square pipes and elliptical pipes.
以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発
明はこれに限定されるものではない。EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
（実施例）
第１図は本実施例にかかる眼鏡枠部材を用いて組み立て
た眼鏡枠の概略斜視図であり、第２図はそれに使用され
たテンプルを含む１つの眼鏡枠部材の概略平面図である
。(Example) Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an eyeglass frame assembled using the eyeglass frame member according to this example, and Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of one eyeglass frame member including a temple used therein. It is.
図において符号１０は眼鏡枠を示し、眼鏡枠１０は一対
のテンプル１ａ、１ｂを有し、それらテンプルｌａ、ｌ
ｂの先端には一対の先セル２ａ、２ｂが設けられている
。そして、一対の丁番３ａ。In the figure, reference numeral 10 indicates an eyeglass frame, and the eyeglass frame 10 has a pair of temples 1a and 1b.
A pair of tip cells 2a and 2b are provided at the tip of b. And a pair of hinges 3a.
３ｂを介して、テンプル１ａ、１ｂがヨロイ４ａ、４ｂ
に連結されている。更に、ヨロイ４ａ、４ｂには、ヨロ
イ智（不図示）を介して一対のリム５ａ、５ｂが取付け
られ、それらのリム５ａ、５ｂはブリッジ６で連結され
ている。Temples 1a and 1b connect to endpieces 4a and 4b through 3b.
is connected to. Furthermore, a pair of rims 5a, 5b are attached to the endpieces 4a, 4b via endpieces (not shown), and these rims 5a, 5b are connected by a bridge 6.
ここで、眼鏡枠１０を構成する各眼鏡枠部材のうち、テ
ンプル１ａ、１ｂ、先セル２ａ、 ２ｂ、ヨロイ４ａ、
４ｂ、リム５ａ、５ｂおよびブリッジ６は金属管から成
っており、本例では、析出硬化性であるＢｅ −Ｃｕ合
金（ＪＩＳ Ｃ１７２０）から成る外径１０■膿、内径
８．０ｍ富、長さ１００１璽管（以下で単に素材管と呼
ぶ）を用いて、以下に示す工程を経て各眼鏡枠部材を製
作した。Here, among the eyeglass frame members constituting the eyeglass frame 10, the temples 1a, 1b, the end cells 2a, 2b, the endpieces 4a,
4b, rims 5a, 5b, and bridge 6 are made of metal tubes, and in this example, they are made of precipitation hardenable Be-Cu alloy (JIS C1720) and have an outer diameter of 10 m, an inner diameter of 8.0 m, and a length. Each eyeglass frame member was manufactured using a No. 1001 tube (hereinafter simply referred to as a material tube) through the steps shown below.
ここで、本実施例に用いたＢｅ −Ｃｕ合金のヤング率
は１３００に＋ｒ−ｆｅｗ”である。なお、テンプル１
ａ、１ｂ、ヨロイ４ａ、４ｂおよびブリッジ６は第３図
（ａ）に示すような断面形状の角管であり、先セル２ａ
、２ｂは第３図に示すような円管である。Here, the Young's modulus of the Be-Cu alloy used in this example is 1300+r-few''.
a, 1b, the endpieces 4a, 4b, and the bridge 6 are square tubes with a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 3(a), and the front cell 2a
, 2b are circular tubes as shown in FIG.
次に第１図および第２図に示した眼鏡枠の製造プロセス
について説明する。Next, the manufacturing process of the eyeglass frame shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be explained.
（１）上述した素材管に外径８．０ｍ、長さ１００ ｍ
の中実絡線を圧入内蔵した後に、冷間ロール加工および
線引き加工を行なって、外径２．５ｍｍ、長さ１．６ｍ
の線に成形した所、圧入した絡線が外径１．０＋ｎとな
り、Ｂｅ −Ｃｕ合金の厚みが０．２５ｕ＋の第１の加
工管が得られた。(1) The above material pipe has an outer diameter of 8.0 m and a length of 100 m.
After press-fitting the solid connecting wire, cold rolling and wire drawing are performed to make the outer diameter 2.5 mm and length 1.6 m.
When the wire was formed into a wire, the press-fitted tandem wire had an outer diameter of 1.0+n, and a first processed tube of Be--Cu alloy with a thickness of 0.25u+ was obtained.
（ｎ）この第１の加工管を約５０ｃｍに切断し、更に冷
間線引き加工を行って、外径２朧■、長さ約１ｍの線に
形成した所、圧入した絡線が外径１．６ｆｌとなり、Ｂ
ｅ−Ｃｕ合金の厚みが０．２ｍの第２の加工管が得られ
た。(n) This first processed pipe was cut into approximately 50 cm and further cold drawn to form a wire with an outer diameter of 2 mm and a length of approximately 1 m. .6fl, B
A second processed tube of e-Cu alloy with a thickness of 0.2 m was obtained.
（Ｉｌｌ）第１の加工管をテンプル１ａ、１ｂの長さ１
４０ ｍ凰切断し、スェージング加工して外径２．５鶴
に成形した。更に続いて、一端をスェージング加工して
外径２．０ｉｎの先セル２ａ、２ｂを形成した。(Ill) The length of the first processed pipe is 1 in temples 1a and 1b.
It was cut into a 40 m diameter, swaged and shaped into an outer diameter of 2.5 mm. Further, one end was subjected to swaging processing to form tip cells 2a and 2b having an outer diameter of 2.0 inches.
そして、先セル以外の部位を、プレス加工により、１．
０ ｍ＋＋Ｘ５．Ｑ ｎの角管としてテンプル１ａ、１
ｂを得た。Then, the parts other than the first cell are pressed by 1.
0 m++X5. Temple 1a, 1 as a square tube of Q n
I got b.
（ＩＶ）次いで、第１の加工管を長さ２０龍に切断し、
その後プレス加工により１．０ｍｍＸ５ｇの角管として
、それを長手方向中央から９０度曲げ加工を行い、ヨロ
イ４ａ、４ｂを形成した。(IV) Next, cut the first processed pipe into a length of 20 mm,
Thereafter, a square tube of 1.0 mm x 5 g was formed by press working, and the tube was bent 90 degrees from the center in the longitudinal direction to form end pieces 4a and 4b.
（Ｖ）第１の加工管を長さ１５ｍｍに切断し、その後プ
レス加工により１．０ｍＸ５ｗｎの角管としてブリッジ
６を形成した。(V) The first processed tube was cut into a length of 15 mm, and then a bridge 6 was formed as a 1.0 m×5wn square tube by press working.
（Ｖｌ）第２の加工管に溝ロール加工を施して溝線を形
成し、１５０鶴の長さに切断した後に茄子形に丸めて一
対のリム５ａ、５ｂを形成した。(Vl) The second processed tube was subjected to groove roll processing to form a groove line, cut into a length of 150 mm, and then rolled into an eggplant shape to form a pair of rims 5a and 5b.
これにより、テンプル、ヨロイ、ブリ・７ジ、溝線共、
Ｂｅ −Ｃｕ合金外皮Ｎ（張り）は冷間加工硬化により
ＨＶ ＝ ２５０となった。圧入した銀線は加工硬化は
なくＨＶ＝２０であった。（注、銀線は常温で加工して
も冷間加工とはならず硬化しない。）（■）テンプル１
ａ、Ｉｂ（先セル２ａ、２ｂも含む）、ヨロイ４ａ、４
ｂ、ブリッジ６、リム５ａ、５ｂを２５０℃に加熱して
圧入した内Ｒ６Ｎを溶融した。これによりＢｅ −Ｃｕ
合金管となった。As a result, the temple, endpiece, bridge/7ji, groove line,
The Be-Cu alloy outer skin N (tension) became HV = 250 due to cold work hardening. The press-fitted silver wire did not undergo work hardening and had an HV of 20. (Note: Even if silver wire is processed at room temperature, it will not be cold worked and will not harden.) (■) Temple 1
a, Ib (including previous cells 2a, 2b), endpieces 4a, 4
b, the bridge 6 and the rims 5a and 5b were heated to 250°C to melt the press-fitted inner R6N. As a result, Be −Cu
It became an alloy tube.
（■）テンプル１ａ、１ｂ（先セル２ａ、２ｂも含む）
、ヨロイ４ａ、４ｂ、ブリッジ６を８００℃に加熱、急
冷して溶体化処理を行った。これにより、Ｂｅ −Ｃｕ
合金管はＨＶ ＝ １２０となった。(■) Temples 1a, 1b (including previous cells 2a, 2b)
, the armor 4a, 4b, and the bridge 6 were heated to 800°C and rapidly cooled to perform solution treatment. As a result, Be −Cu
The alloy tube had an HV of 120.
（■）リム５ａ、５ｂを８００℃に加熱、炉冷して焼な
ましを行った。これによりｌｎ＝１３０となった次にリ
ム５ａ、５ｂを丸めて圧巻を行ない、合わせ目から両側
５〜ＩＱｕの領域（ろう接部及びその近傍に相当する領
域）をガスバーナーで７５０〜８００℃に加熱した後、
１〜２秒空冷又は水冷して溶体化処理を行った。溶体化
処理された部分はＨＶ＝１２０となった。(■) The rims 5a and 5b were heated to 800°C and cooled in a furnace for annealing. As a result, ln=130 was obtained.Next, the rims 5a and 5b were rolled up and rolled, and the region 5 to IQu on both sides from the seam (the region corresponding to the soldering part and its vicinity) was heated to 750 to 800°C with a gas burner. After heating to
Solution treatment was performed by air cooling or water cooling for 1 to 2 seconds. The solution-treated portion had an HV of 120.
（Ｘ） ＪＴＳ ＢＡｇ １ろう材を使用し、高周波誘
導加熱より６５０℃に加熱し、テンプル１ａ、１ｂおよ
びヨロイ４ａ、４ｂに洋白製丁番３ａ、３ｂをそれぞれ
ろう接し、次いでヨロイ４ａ、４ｂにはリム５ａ、５ｂ
をろう接した。(X) Using JTS BAg 1 brazing material, heat it to 650°C by high-frequency induction heating, braze the nickel silver hinges 3a and 3b to the temples 1a and 1b and the endpieces 4a and 4b, respectively, and then the endpieces 4a and 4b. rims 5a, 5b
soldered with wax.
そして、リム５ａ、５ｂにブリッジ６をろう接して連結
した後、洋白製ヨロイ智（不図示）、洋白製蝶足（不図
示）等の必要な部材を適所にろう接した。これにより第
１図に示す眼鏡枠が完成した。After the bridge 6 was connected to the rims 5a and 5b by soldering, necessary members such as a nickel silver endpiece (not shown) and a nickel silver butterfly foot (not shown) were brazed in place. As a result, the eyeglass frame shown in FIG. 1 was completed.
（χｒ）完成した眼鏡枠を３１５℃２時間加熱の適正時
効処理を行った。これにより、Ｂｅｃｕ合金管で製作し
たのテンプル、ヨロイ、ブリッジは、ろう接部及びその
近傍を含め全体がＨＶ ＝ ４４０となり、リムはろう
接部及びその近傍がＩＩＶ＝４４０ 、その他の部分が
ＨＶ ＝ １３０となった。(χr) The completed eyeglass frame was subjected to appropriate aging treatment by heating at 315° C. for 2 hours. As a result, the entire temple, endpiece, and bridge made from Becu alloy tubes, including the soldered parts and their vicinity, will have an HV of 440, and the rim will have an IIV of 440 at the soldered parts and their vicinity, and the other parts will have an HV of HV. = 130.
なお、上記実施例では、外径８．５鶴、長さ１００Ｕの
中実溝線を圧入して内蔵したが、溶融錫を素材管内に流
し込んでもよい。In the above embodiment, a solid groove wire with an outer diameter of 8.5 mm and a length of 100 U was press-fitted and built into the tube, but molten tin may also be poured into the material tube.
このようにして得られた眼鏡枠の管状の各枠部材の断面
積は、同一形状、同一寸法の中実棒材から製造した場合
の約３６％となった。The cross-sectional area of each tubular frame member of the spectacle frame thus obtained was about 36% of that when manufactured from solid rods of the same shape and size.
従って、溶体化処理、時効処理によってＢｅ −Ｃｕ合
金の引っ張り強さが１５０ ｋｇ ・１７ｍ” （Ｈ
Ｖ４４０ ）となったことを考慮すると、本例のように
して得られた眼鏡枠部材の見掛は上の引っ張り強さは５
４ｋｇ−ｆ／龍２となるが、強度的に最も厳しいテンプ
ルでも十分使用できるＶｌ値である。Therefore, by solution treatment and aging treatment, the tensile strength of the Be-Cu alloy increases to 150 kg・17 m” (H
V440), the apparent tensile strength of the eyeglass frame member obtained in this example is 5.
The Vl value is 4 kg-f/Ryu 2, which is enough to use even the most severe temple.
尚リムは、ろう接部及びその近傍がその他の部分よりも
強度が大になっている。Note that the strength of the rim is greater at the soldered portion and its vicinity than at other portions.
一方、上述したように断面積は上記中実棒による場合の
約３６％となったが、断面係数はその約６６％であるの
で、本実施例におけるテンプル１ａ、１ｂの肉厚が約０
．１６ｍ＋＋と薄くなっても曲げ強度は十分である。ま
た、見掛は上のヤング率は８６００ｋ。On the other hand, as mentioned above, the cross-sectional area is about 36% of that of the solid rod, but the section modulus is about 66%, so the wall thickness of the temples 1a and 1b in this example is about 0.
．． Even if it is as thin as 16m++, the bending strength is sufficient. Also, the apparent Young's modulus is 8600k.
・１７％■１となり、この点では、弾性力も満足できる
。-17%■1, and in this respect, the elastic force is also satisfactory.
一般に管の線引き加工、スェージング加工では、管の座
屈等を防止する観点から、管内に芯金をいれて加工を行
い、加工終了後それを取り除いている。眼鏡枠のリムの
ように溝加工が施された部材の断面形状は複雑であり、
芯金を入れたり取りだしたりするのが非常に難しいが、
本実施例のように、管内に圧入あるいは流し込まれた内
蔵金属を加工後に溶融するようにすれば、芯金としての
内蔵会席の取りたしが極めて容易になる。ここで、内蔵
会席の融点は金属管の融点よりも低いことは勿論である
。Generally, in drawing and swaging a tube, a core metal is inserted into the tube and removed after the process is completed, in order to prevent buckling of the tube. The cross-sectional shape of grooved parts, such as the rim of eyeglass frames, is complex.
It is very difficult to insert and remove the core metal,
If the built-in metal press-fitted or poured into the pipe is melted after processing as in this embodiment, it becomes extremely easy to remove the built-in kaiseki as the core metal. Here, it goes without saying that the melting point of the built-in kaiseki is lower than the melting point of the metal tube.
上記実施例では、時効処理によって引張り強さ１５０
ｋｇ−ｆ／ｍｕ” 、ヤング率１３０００ ｋｇ−ｆ／
瀧Ｍ２、外径１０鶴、内径８．ＯｗのＢｅ −Ｃｕ合金
を用いたが、本考案者の種々の実験によれば、ヤング率
が１００００ｋＥ−１７ｍｍ”以上、好ましいのは１２
０００ ｋｇ−１７ｍ”以上時効処理後の引っ張り強さ
が１００ ｋｇ−１７ｍ”以上でかつ、素材である円管
の外径対内径の比が１０ ： ６．０〜１０ ： ８．
５のもの好ましいのはｌＯニア〜１０ ： ８．５であ
れば、軽量化しても強度上、何ら問題のない眼鏡枠部材
が得られることがわかった。In the above example, the tensile strength was 150 by aging treatment.
kg-f/mu”, Young’s modulus 13000 kg-f/
Waterfall M2, outer diameter 10, inner diameter 8. According to various experiments conducted by the present inventor, a Young's modulus of 10,000 kE-17 mm or more, preferably 12
000 kg-17m" or more The tensile strength after aging is 100 kg-17m" or more, and the outer diameter to inner diameter ratio of the circular pipe is 10:6.0 to 10:8.
It has been found that if the ratio is preferably 10 to 10:8.5, an eyeglass frame member with no problem in terms of strength can be obtained even when the weight is reduced.
また、内蔵金属としては、上記錫の他、鉛、カドミウム
、蒼鉛、マグネシウム、アンチモン、アルミニウム等を
用いることができるが、それらの材質に代えて、それら
を主成分とした合金であって、管材と加工性（塑性加工
性）が類似し、管材の溶体化処理温度より融点の低いも
のであればいずれのものでもよい。In addition to the above tin, lead, cadmium, blue lead, magnesium, antimony, aluminum, etc. can be used as the built-in metal, but instead of these materials, alloys containing these as the main components, Any material may be used as long as it has similar workability (plastic workability) and has a melting point lower than the solution treatment temperature of the tube material.
なお、管材と内蔵金属との密着性は必ずしも必要ではな
い。また、冷間加工によって硬化した管材に軟化焼なま
し処理を施す必要がある場合、管材と内蔵金属との間に
悪影響が生じない限りにおいては、焼なまし温度で溶融
する内蔵金属を用いてもよく、その場合、溶融による内
蔵材の流出による消失を防止すれば足りる。Note that adhesion between the pipe material and the built-in metal is not necessarily required. In addition, if it is necessary to perform softening annealing treatment on tube material that has been hardened by cold working, as long as there is no adverse effect between the tube material and the built-in metal, the built-in metal that melts at the annealing temperature may be used. In that case, it is sufficient to prevent the built-in material from flowing out and disappearing due to melting.
参考までに第４図に、同一の外径寸法の中実丸棒に対す
る円管の断面積比を横軸に、その断面積比に対応する管
の断面係数を縦軸に示す。例えば、管の断面積を同一外
径の中実棒の約７０％まで減少させても、断面係数は中
実棒の場合の約９０％となり、また、断面積を約３０％
まで減少させると、断面係数が中実棒の約５０％となる
ことを示している。For reference, FIG. 4 shows the cross-sectional area ratio of the circular tube to a solid round bar having the same outer diameter on the horizontal axis, and the vertical axis represents the section modulus of the tube corresponding to the cross-sectional area ratio. For example, even if the cross-sectional area of a tube is reduced to approximately 70% of that of a solid rod with the same outer diameter, the section modulus will be approximately 90% of that of a solid rod, and the cross-sectional area will be reduced to approximately 30% of that of a solid rod.
It is shown that when the section modulus is reduced to 50% of that of a solid rod.
なお、断面積を約７０％まで減少させるためには、外径
対内径の比を１０：６．０、断面積を３０％まで減少さ
せるためには、その比を１０ ： ８．５にする必要が
ある。In addition, to reduce the cross-sectional area to about 70%, the ratio of outer diameter to inner diameter should be 10:6.0, and to reduce the cross-sectional area to 30%, the ratio should be 10:8.5. There is a need.
（発明の効果）
本発明によれば、眼鏡枠部材を析出効果性金属管とし、
溶体化処理した後時効硬化処理するので、軽量で強度の
高い部材が得られる。(Effects of the Invention) According to the present invention, the eyeglass frame member is a metal tube with a precipitation effect,
Since the solution treatment is followed by the age hardening treatment, a lightweight and high-strength member can be obtained.
また、本発明の眼鏡枠部材は、ろう接部、めっき性、耐
蝕性および加工性に優れ且つ、場合によりろう接および
その近傍が他の部分より軟化することなく、特にリムは
、ろう接部及びその近傍をその他の部分の強度よりも大
にすることができる。In addition, the eyeglass frame member of the present invention has excellent solder joints, plating properties, corrosion resistance, and processability, and in some cases, the solder joints and the vicinity thereof do not become softer than other parts. and its vicinity can be made stronger than other parts.
従って、その場合にはろう接部及びその近傍が変形した
り破損したりする恐れのない眼鏡枠部材が提供される。Therefore, in this case, an eyeglass frame member is provided in which there is no fear that the soldered portion and its vicinity will be deformed or damaged.
尚、実施例に於てはリム線はろう接部及びその近傍以外
の部分は焼なまし状態で強度が低いが、その部分の強度
をより大にするためには、実施例の（■）で行った８０
０℃加熱炉冷の焼なましを行なわず、８００℃に加熱し
、急冷して全体を溶体化し、ろう接後時効処理を行えば
リム全体が同一強度となる。又、リム全体を溶体化処理
後過時効処理を施し、その後に丸めた両端を溶体化処理
し、適正時効処理を行うことによって、ろう接部及びそ
の近傍以外の部分は焼なましの強度よりも大となり、且
つろう接部及びその近傍よりも強度も低いものが得られ
る。In the example, the rim wire is annealed and has low strength in areas other than the soldered part and its vicinity, but in order to increase the strength of that part, (■) in the example is applied. I went to 80
If the entire rim is heated to 800°C, rapidly cooled to solution, and then subjected to aging treatment after brazing, the entire rim will have the same strength without performing the 0°C furnace cooling annealing. In addition, the entire rim is solution-treated and then over-aged, and then both rounded ends are solution-treated and properly aged, so that the strength of the parts other than the brazed part and its vicinity is stronger than that of annealing. In addition, the strength of the soldered part and its vicinity is lower than that of the soldered part and its vicinity.
実施例のように、眼鏡枠部材を外径対内径比がｔｏ：ｓ
、ｏ、時効処理によって引っ張り強さが１５０ ｋｇ−
ｆ／ｉｓ” 、ヤング率が１３．０００ｋｇ−ｆａｔｓ
”のＢｅ −Ｃｕ合金を用いることにより、見掛は比重
が約２．９となり、アルミニウム合金から成る眼鏡枠部
材に近く、チタンから成る眼鏡枠部材よりも軽量化でき
る。As in the embodiment, the outer diameter to inner diameter ratio of the eyeglass frame member is to:s
, o, the tensile strength is 150 kg- after aging treatment.
f/is”, Young’s modulus is 13.000 kg-fats
By using the Be-Cu alloy, the apparent specific gravity is approximately 2.9, which is close to an eyeglass frame member made of an aluminum alloy, and can be lighter than an eyeglass frame member made of titanium.
また、実施例のように内蔵材を予め金層素材管内に充填
しておき、種々の形状に成形した後に溶融して除去する
ことにより、この種金属管の眼鏡枠部材の成形作業が極
めて間車化できる。In addition, as in the example, by filling the metal layer material tube in advance with the built-in material, molding it into various shapes, and then melting and removing it, the molding process for eyeglass frame members using this type of metal tube can be extremely shortened. It can be turned into a car.
第１図は、本発明の実施例にかかる眼鏡枠部材を用いて
組立てて得られた眼鏡枠の一例を示す斜視図、第２図は
そのテンプル、先セル、ヨロイおよび丁番の平面図、第
３図（ａ）はそのテンプル、ヨロイ、ブリフジの断面図
、第３図（ｂ）はその先セルの断面図、第４図は同一外
径寸法の中実丸棒と管との間の断面積比を横軸に、縦軸
にその断面積比に対する断面係数の比を示すグラフであ
る。
〔主要部分の符号の説明〕
１ａ、ｌｂ：テンプル
２ａ、２ｂ：先セル
３ａ、３ｂ：丁番
４ａ、４ｂ ：ヨロイ
Ｓａ、５ｂ：リム
６ ニブリッジFIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an eyeglass frame assembled using an eyeglass frame member according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the temple, tip cell, endpiece, and hinge; Figure 3 (a) is a cross-sectional view of the temple, endpiece, and bridge, Figure 3 (b) is a cross-sectional view of the cell at the end, and Figure 4 is the cross-sectional view of the tube and the solid round bar with the same outer diameter. It is a graph showing the cross-sectional area ratio on the horizontal axis and the ratio of the section modulus to the cross-sectional area ratio on the vertical axis. [Explanation of symbols of main parts] 1a, lb: Temple 2a, 2b: Previous cell 3a, 3b: Hinge 4a, 4b: Endpiece Sa, 5b: Rim 6 Ni bridge
Claims (1)
が溶体化処理され、その後、時効硬化処理されたもので
あることを特徴とする眼鏡枠部材。 ２ 前記金属管が外径：内径の比が１０：６．０〜１０
：８．５であることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項
記載の眼鏡枠部材。 ３ 前記一部分がろう接部及びその近傍であることを特
徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載の眼鏡枠部材。[Scope of Claims] 1. An eyeglass frame member comprising a precipitation hardenable metal tube, at least a portion of which has been subjected to solution treatment and then age hardening treatment. 2 The metal tube has an outer diameter: inner diameter ratio of 10:6.0 to 10.
:8.5. The eyeglass frame member according to claim 1, wherein: 3. The eyeglass frame member according to claim 1, wherein the portion is a brazing portion and its vicinity.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61262515A JPS63114984A (en) | 1986-11-04 | 1986-11-04 | Spectacles frame member having tubular structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61262515A JPS63114984A (en) | 1986-11-04 | 1986-11-04 | Spectacles frame member having tubular structure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63114984A true JPS63114984A (en) | 1988-05-19 |
Family
ID=17376872
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61262515A Pending JPS63114984A (en) | 1986-11-04 | 1986-11-04 | Spectacles frame member having tubular structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63114984A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0595254A1 (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1994-05-04 | Degussa Ag | Process for brazing hard materials to steels |
| EP3835440A1 (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-16 | NGK Insulators, Ltd. | Article superior in design and method for producing the same |
-
1986
- 1986-11-04 JP JP61262515A patent/JPS63114984A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0595254A1 (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1994-05-04 | Degussa Ag | Process for brazing hard materials to steels |
| EP3835440A1 (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-16 | NGK Insulators, Ltd. | Article superior in design and method for producing the same |
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