JPS63108354A - Insulating magnetic encapsulated toner - Google Patents
Insulating magnetic encapsulated tonerInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63108354A JPS63108354A JP61253583A JP25358386A JPS63108354A JP S63108354 A JPS63108354 A JP S63108354A JP 61253583 A JP61253583 A JP 61253583A JP 25358386 A JP25358386 A JP 25358386A JP S63108354 A JPS63108354 A JP S63108354A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic
- toner
- particles
- magnetic powder
- resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 53
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 10
- -1 iron ion Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910021506 iron(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBECDWUDYQOTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylbut-3-enal Chemical compound CCC(C=C)C=O CBECDWUDYQOTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQWAOUOHRMHSHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-n,n-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 GQWAOUOHRMHSHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012695 Interfacial polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012185 ceresin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005354 coacervation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012170 montan wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTHNLKXLWOXOQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl vinyl ketone Natural products CCCC(=O)C=C JTHNLKXLWOXOQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012176 shellac wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/0935—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the core material
- G03G9/09357—Macromolecular compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0827—Developers with toner particles characterised by their shape, e.g. degree of sphericity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明は、電子写真法、静電印刷法あるいは磁気記録法
等において、電気的潜像、磁気的潜像を現像するのに用
いられる磁性カプセルトナーに関する。Detailed Description of the Invention [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a magnetic material used to develop an electric latent image or a magnetic latent image in electrophotography, electrostatic printing, magnetic recording, etc. Regarding capsule toner.
［従来の技術］
従来、電子写真法を始めとする各種の方法で得られた電
気的潜像もしくは磁気的潜像を現像する方法としては、
パウダークラウド法、磁気ブラシ現像法、ファーブラシ
現像法、カスケード現像法等が知られているが、なかで
も磁気ブラシ現像法は、一般に広く用いられている。ま
た、この磁気ブラシ法に用いる現像剤としては、鉄粉等
の磁性体からなるキャリアと、着色剤を分散させた樹脂
微粉末からなるトナーとを混合してなる二成分系現像剤
と、トナー自体にマグネタイト等の磁性粉を分散含有さ
せた磁性トナーからなるー°成分現像剤が知られている
が、二成分系現像剤には連続使用した際のキャリア汚染
、トナーとキャリアの混合比変動によるトナー濃度変動
に対処しなくてはならないという難点があるため、現在
では一成分現像剤、すなわち磁性トナーが広く実用化さ
れている。[Prior Art] Conventionally, methods for developing electrical latent images or magnetic latent images obtained by various methods including electrophotography include:
A powder cloud method, a magnetic brush development method, a fur brush development method, a cascade development method, and the like are known, and among them, the magnetic brush development method is generally widely used. The developer used in this magnetic brush method is a two-component developer made by mixing a carrier made of a magnetic material such as iron powder and a toner made of fine resin powder in which a colorant is dispersed; Two-component developers are known, consisting of magnetic toner that contains magnetic powder such as magnetite dispersed therein, but two-component developers suffer from carrier contamination when used continuously and fluctuations in the mixing ratio of toner and carrier. Because of the difficulty of having to deal with fluctuations in toner density caused by toner density, one-component developers, that is, magnetic toners, are currently in widespread use.
また、このようなトナーにより潜像を現像して形成され
たトナー画像を保持させるためには、いわゆる「定着」
と呼ばれる操作杆なわれるが、そのような定着の方法と
して、一般には記録媒体としての紙等に転写させたトナ
ー画像を一対の熱ローラー間に通過させ、溶融付着させ
る方法がとられている。この加熱による定着の方法は、
大容量の熱源を必要とし、また十分な定着が得られる温
度まで予熱するためにかなりの時間を必要とする。この
ように従来から広く用いられてきた熱ローラ一定着法に
対し、省エネルギー、待ち時間ゼロという観点から、剛
体ローラーによる加圧のみ、又は加圧と補助的な加熱に
よる圧力定着法が提案されている。In addition, in order to retain the toner image formed by developing the latent image with such toner, so-called "fixing" is required.
The fixing method generally involves passing a toner image transferred onto paper or the like as a recording medium between a pair of heated rollers and melting and adhering it. This heating fixing method is
It requires a large capacity heat source and requires a considerable amount of time to preheat to a temperature at which sufficient fixing can be achieved. In contrast to the hot roller fixed fixing method that has been widely used in the past, from the viewpoint of energy saving and zero waiting time, pressure fixing methods using only pressure using a rigid roller or pressure and supplementary heating have been proposed. There is.
このような圧力定着法に適するトナーとしては、圧によ
る変形量の大きい、一般には低溶融粘度のものが用いら
れるが、このようなトナー用材料は、又現像器内及び保
存時においてトナー粒子同士の付着凝集によるブロッキ
ング（或いはケーキング）化が起こりやすい。Toners suitable for such pressure fixing methods are those with a large amount of deformation due to pressure and generally low melt viscosity, but such toner materials also tend to cause toner particles to form a bond with each other in the developing device and during storage. Blocking (or caking) is likely to occur due to adhesion and aggregation.
このブロッキングしやすい傾向は、又、トナー材料とし
て比較的低温或いは低熱量で定着するものを選択する場
合にも同様に見られる現象である。This tendency to easily block is also a phenomenon that is similarly observed when toner materials that are fixed at relatively low temperatures or with a low amount of heat are selected.
このような問題を解決する手段として、低溶融粘度の軟
質芯材を、これより高溶融粘度の樹脂で被覆したカプセ
ルトナーが特開昭５０−１３９７４５号、同５８−１５
３９４７号、同５８−１７４９５７号などで提案されて
いる。As a means to solve this problem, capsule toners in which a soft core material with a low melt viscosity is coated with a resin with a higher melt viscosity are disclosed in JP-A-50-139745 and JP-A-58-15.
It has been proposed in No. 3947, No. 58-174957, etc.
［発明が解決しようとする問題点］
しかしながら、このようなカプセルトナーの芯材中に、
通常の磁性粉すなわち第１図（ｂ）、 （ｃ）に示され
るような立方状のもの、針状晶のもの等。[Problems to be solved by the invention] However, in the core material of such a capsule toner,
Ordinary magnetic powders, such as cube-shaped ones and needle-shaped ones as shown in Figures 1(b) and (c).
その外形及び表面形状が角ばったものを用いると、感光
体等の潜像担体の表面を傷付け、その部分にトナー樹脂
が固着し、これによる画像汚れやクリーニング不良が発
生する。If the outer shape and surface shape are angular, the surface of the latent image carrier such as a photoreceptor will be damaged, and the toner resin will adhere to the scratched portion, resulting in image stains and poor cleaning.
これは、このような低溶融粘度の芯粒子が、潜像担持体
からトナー粒子を拭い去るクリーニング時、その圧によ
り変形し、その際露出した磁性粉体表面の突起が、Ｈ１
Ｒｍ持体を傷付けるためと考えられる。このため、クリ
ーニング時の潜像相持体に対する圧が強いブレードクリ
ーニングを用いると、主の傷付けも大きくなる。又、潜
像担持体として、その表面に樹脂を有する有機光導電体
を用いた場合、トナー樹脂との相性が近いため、Ｗｉ像
相持特体対するトナー樹脂の固着も大きくなる。This is because such core particles with low melt viscosity are deformed by the pressure during cleaning to wipe toner particles from the latent image carrier, and the protrusions on the surface of the magnetic powder exposed at that time become H1
This is thought to be due to damage to the Rm holder. For this reason, if blade cleaning is used that applies strong pressure to the latent image carrier during cleaning, the main body will be seriously damaged. In addition, when an organic photoconductor having a resin on its surface is used as a latent image carrier, the toner resin has a close compatibility with the toner resin, so that the adhesion of the toner resin to the Wi image carrier increases.
更に、絶縁性磁性カプセルトナーによる定着画像は、カ
ブリが多い。Furthermore, images fixed with insulating magnetic capsule toner often have fog.
これは、同一樹脂により被覆されたトナー同士の現像時
の摩擦による帯電がトナー及びこれと反対極性をもつキ
ャリアとの充分な混合により帯電する２成分系トナーと
比較し、同一極性の強い帯電を持ちにくいこともあるが
、その定着による影響も大きい。This is because compared to two-component toner, which is charged due to friction during development between toners coated with the same resin, it is charged by sufficient mixing of the toner and a carrier having the opposite polarity. Although it may be difficult to maintain, the impact of its establishment is significant.
低溶融粘度の芯材粒子から成るカプセルトナーは、一般
には線圧１０〜３０ｋｇ／ｃｍ程度の一対の銅体ローラ
間に通過させることにより定着させるが、この際の圧の
つぶれによるトナーの広がりが、他のトナーと比較して
大きい、従って、同様なカブリを持った熱定着用の一般
のトナーによる未定着画像と低溶融粘度の芯粒子からな
るカプセルトナーの未定着画像をそれぞれ熱定着器及び
圧力定着器にかけ、定着させると後者の方がその方ブリ
が一層顕著にあられれる。Capsule toner made of core particles with low melt viscosity is generally fixed by passing it between a pair of copper rollers with a linear pressure of about 10 to 30 kg/cm, but the toner spreads due to pressure collapse at this time. , is larger than other toners, and therefore has a similar fog, and an unfixed image of a capsule toner made of core particles with a low melting viscosity is transferred to a heat fixing device and When the image is fixed using a pressure fixing device, blurring becomes more noticeable in the latter case.
このカブリの目立ちやすさは低溶融粘度の芯粒子からな
るカプセルトナーを熱によって定着する場合も同様であ
る。すなわち、低溶融粘度の芯粒子からなるカプセルト
ナーは、熱定着の際、その融解による広がりが、他のト
ナーと比較して大きいからである。The conspicuousness of this fog is the same when a capsule toner made of core particles with a low melt viscosity is fixed by heat. That is, a capsule toner made of core particles with a low melt viscosity spreads more widely due to its melting during heat fixing than other toners.
［問題点を解決するための手段及び作用］本発明は、上
述したような欠点を解決した絶縁性磁性カプセルトナー
を提供するものである。[Means and effects for solving the problems] The present invention provides an insulating magnetic capsule toner that solves the above-mentioned drawbacks.
すなわち本発明は、磁性粉末を含有する１００℃におけ
る溶融粘度が０．５〜５０ｐｏｉｓｅ 、より好ましく
は１〜２０ｉ＋ｏｉｓｅである芯粒子を樹脂により被覆
した絶縁性磁性カプセルトナーにおいて、該磁性粉末が
、最長寸法／最短寸法比１．０〜１．５の球状物である
ことを特徴とする絶縁性磁性カプセルトナーである。That is, the present invention provides an insulating magnetic capsule toner in which core particles containing magnetic powder and having a melt viscosity at 100° C. of 0.5 to 50 poise, more preferably 1 to 20 poise are coated with a resin, in which the magnetic powder has a This insulating magnetic capsule toner is characterized by being spherical with a dimension/shortest dimension ratio of 1.0 to 1.5.
本発明にかかる磁性粉末は、第１図（ａ）に示すように
まるみを帯びた球状のものが用いられる。The magnetic powder according to the present invention has a rounded spherical shape as shown in FIG. 1(a).
第１図（ｂ）、 （Ｃ）に示すような表面形状が鏡影の
立方状、針状の磁性体粒子は、本発明にかかるような低
溶融粘度の芯粒子中に含有させた場合、クリーニング時
、クリーニング部材と潜像担持体との接触部においてカ
プセルトナーが変形あるいは破砕され、この時露出した
磁性体粒子により潜像相持体を傷付け、その傷付は部分
に樹脂等より成る芯粒子材料が固着し、画像汚れやクリ
ーニング不良が生じる。When magnetic particles having a mirror-like cubic or acicular surface shape as shown in FIGS. 1(b) and 1(C) are contained in core particles having a low melt viscosity as in the present invention, During cleaning, the capsule toner is deformed or crushed at the contact area between the cleaning member and the latent image carrier, and the exposed magnetic particles at this time damage the latent image carrier. The material will stick, causing image stains and poor cleaning.
そしてこの傾向は、表面硬度が比較的低く、トナー用樹
脂と相性の高い表面に樹脂を有する有機光導電体を潜像
相持体として用いた場合、及びクリーニング法として潜
像相持体への圧力負荷の大きいブレードクリーニングを
用いた場合大きかった。This tendency occurs when an organic photoconductor with a resin on the surface, which has relatively low surface hardness and is highly compatible with toner resin, is used as a latent image carrier, and when a pressure load is applied to the latent image carrier as a cleaning method. It was great when using a large blade cleaning.
一方、第１図（ａ）に示すような球状磁性体粒子を用い
た場合は、クリーニング時のトナーの変形あるいは破砕
によって磁性体粒子が露出しても、潜像担持体を傷付け
ることは無い、更に本発明者らの検討によると、特に球
状のカプセルトナーの場合、球状磁性体粒子は立方状、
針状晶の磁性体粒子と比較してカプセルトナー表面への
露出が少ないことも分かった。これは磁性体粒子の形状
要因によるものと考えられるが、磁性カプセルトナーの
磁性粉として同一組成、同一含有量の球状及び立方状、
針状の磁性粉を用いた磁性カプセルトナーを電子顕微鏡
により観察すると１球状磁性粉粒子の露出は他の磁性粉
粒子と比較して明らかに少なかった。従って、磁性カプ
セルトナーの磁性粉粒子として球状磁性粉を用いた場合
には、カプセルトナーの芯粒子内部への内包化も容易と
なり、これによってカプセルトナー自体の絶縁性及び環
境安定性もはかれるほか、磁性粉露出による潜像担持体
への傷付けも防止できる。On the other hand, when spherical magnetic particles as shown in FIG. 1(a) are used, even if the magnetic particles are exposed due to deformation or crushing of the toner during cleaning, the latent image carrier will not be damaged. Furthermore, according to the studies of the present inventors, especially in the case of spherical capsule toner, the spherical magnetic particles are cubic,
It was also found that there was less exposure to the capsule toner surface compared to acicular magnetic particles. This is thought to be due to the shape factor of the magnetic particles.
When a magnetic capsule toner using acicular magnetic powder was observed under an electron microscope, the exposure of one spherical magnetic powder particle was clearly less than that of other magnetic powder particles. Therefore, when spherical magnetic powder is used as the magnetic powder particles of the magnetic capsule toner, it becomes easy to encapsulate it inside the core particle of the capsule toner, thereby improving the insulation and environmental stability of the capsule toner itself. Damage to the latent image carrier due to exposure of magnetic powder can also be prevented.
本発明における球状磁性粉粒子は、第１図に示すような
球状のものが用いられ、その最長寸法文と最短寸法Ｓの
比１ ／ ｓが１．０〜１．５、より好ましくは１．０
〜１．３のものが用いられる。The spherical magnetic powder particles used in the present invention are spherical as shown in FIG. 1, and the ratio 1/s of the longest dimension to the shortest dimension S is 1.0 to 1.5, more preferably 1. 0
~1.3 is used.
このような球状の磁性粉粒子を、例えばマグネタイトと
して得るには、通常鉄イオン溶液より酸化鉄を析出沈澱
させる湿式法が用いられ、その製法条件を調整すること
により得ることができる。To obtain such spherical magnetic powder particles, for example, as magnetite, a wet method is usually used in which iron oxide is precipitated from an iron ion solution, and can be obtained by adjusting the manufacturing process conditions.
一例を挙げると次のようにして製造される。For example, it is manufactured as follows.
第１鉄塩水溶液と該第１鉄塩水溶液中のＦｅ２・に対し
０．８０〜０．９ｇ当量のアルカリとを反応させて得ら
れた水酸化第１鉄コロイドを含む第１鉄塩反応水溶液に
、７０℃〜１００℃の温度範囲で加熱しながら酸素含有
ガスを通気することにより、上記水酸化第１鉄コロイド
から球型を呈したマグネタイト粒子を生成させる第１段
と、該第１段反応終了後残存Ｆｅ２”に対し１．００当
量以上のアルカリを添加し、第１段反応と同条件下で加
熱酸化する第２段反応により、球型マグネタイト粒子を
生成し、その後水洗、炉別、乾燥、粉砕する。A ferrous salt reaction aqueous solution containing a ferrous hydroxide colloid obtained by reacting a ferrous salt aqueous solution with an alkali equivalent to 0.80 to 0.9 g with respect to Fe2 in the ferrous salt aqueous solution. a first stage in which spherical magnetite particles are produced from the ferrous hydroxide colloid by passing an oxygen-containing gas while heating in a temperature range of 70°C to 100°C; After the completion of the reaction, 1.00 equivalents or more of alkali is added to the remaining Fe2'', and spherical magnetite particles are generated by the second stage reaction, which is heated and oxidized under the same conditions as the first stage reaction, and then washed with water and separated from the furnace. , dry and grind.
更に本発明に用いられる磁性体粒子は透磁率が１．０Ｍ
Ｈｚの場合、３．８０〜６．００（７）ものが好ましく
、より好ましくは３．９５〜５．８０である。Furthermore, the magnetic particles used in the present invention have a magnetic permeability of 1.0M.
In the case of Hz, it is preferably 3.80 to 6.00 (7), more preferably 3.95 to 5.80.
最大透磁率は下式のようにあられすことができる。The maximum magnetic permeability can be expressed as shown below.
Ｂ＝μ■ＨＩＬｍ：最大透磁率
この時、Ｂ、Ｈはそれぞれ磁束密度、磁界を示す、これ
より最大透磁率が大きい物質はど一定磁界に対し高い磁
化を示すことがわかり、磁界が磁石によってつくられる
場合は、物質は磁石に強く引きつけられることになる。B=μ■HILm: Maximum magnetic permeability At this time, B and H represent the magnetic flux density and magnetic field, respectively.It can be seen that a material with a larger maximum permeability than this shows high magnetization in a constant magnetic field, and the magnetic field is caused by the magnet. If created, the material would be strongly attracted to the magnet.
６．００以上の最大透磁率を持つ強磁性体を含有した一
成分磁性トナーは、現像スリーブ上でスリーブ内部に配
設した永久磁石等の磁力発生手段の磁界により強い磁気
力を発生し、スリーブに強固に固着した状態となり、は
とんど搬送不可能となり、またこの磁気力は、現像時、
現像の主たる駆動力であるクーロン力より強くなり、ト
ナーが現像できなくなる。The one-component magnetic toner containing a ferromagnetic material with a maximum magnetic permeability of 6.00 or more generates a strong magnetic force on the developing sleeve by the magnetic field of a magnetic force generating means such as a permanent magnet disposed inside the sleeve. It becomes firmly stuck to the surface, making it almost impossible to transport it, and this magnetic force can cause damage during development.
This becomes stronger than the Coulomb force, which is the main driving force for development, and the toner cannot be developed.
また、表面に樹脂を被覆した絶縁性磁性カプセルトナー
の場合、現像に供するトナー電荷、すなわちトリボは、
その大部分が現像スリーブの摩擦によって付与され、ト
ナー同士の摩擦による部分は極めて少ない、これは、ト
ナー表面が同一樹脂により覆われているため、トナー表
面同士の摩擦によっては相互に摩擦電荷を取り得ないた
めである。従って、磁性体粒子の最大透磁率が３．８０
以下の場合は、トナーと現像スリーブ等のトナー相持体
内部の永久磁石との間で１弱い相互作用しか有しないこ
とにより、トナーとトナー担持体表面との間の充分な摩
擦帯電が得られないほか、トナー粒子間及びトナー粒子
表面の帯電分布が不均一となり、潜像相持体表面の非画
像部にもトナーが付着するカブリが生じやすい。In addition, in the case of insulating magnetic capsule toner whose surface is coated with resin, the toner charge used for development, that is, the triboelectric charge, is
Most of the charge is applied by the friction of the developing sleeve, and the part due to the friction between the toners is extremely small. This is because the toner surfaces are covered with the same resin, so friction between the toner surfaces cannot generate frictional charges from each other. This is because there is no Therefore, the maximum permeability of magnetic particles is 3.80
In the following cases, there is only a weak interaction between the toner and the permanent magnet inside the toner carrier such as a developing sleeve, and sufficient frictional electrification cannot be obtained between the toner and the surface of the toner carrier. In addition, charge distribution between toner particles and on the surface of toner particles becomes non-uniform, which tends to cause fogging in which toner adheres to non-image areas on the surface of the latent image carrier.
そして、これは特に高温高湿下及び低温低湿下など、現
像特性に関して厳しい条件のときに著しく発現する。This phenomenon is particularly noticeable under severe conditions regarding development characteristics, such as high temperature, high humidity, and low temperature, low humidity.
しかるに、磁性粉体の最大透磁率が３．８０〜６．００
の範囲において現像スリーブ等のトナー相持体と、絶縁
性磁性カプセルトナーとの間で充分な搬送性と相互作用
が得られ、カブリの無い良好な画像が得られる。However, the maximum permeability of magnetic powder is 3.80 to 6.00.
Within this range, sufficient transportability and interaction can be obtained between the toner carrier such as the developing sleeve and the insulating magnetic capsule toner, and a good image without fogging can be obtained.
本発明における最大透磁率の値は、ごく一般的に用いら
れている方法であるトロイド状磁心に一様に巻線をして
、適当な交流磁場を印加し、その時のインダクタンス変
化より求める測定法から得られる。その具体的測定方法
は、被測定磁性粉末２０、に結着樹脂粉末５■Ｐを加え
混合する。この混合物１５ｇをリング状を有する金型に
入れ、１．０ｔｏｎ／ｃ■２の圧で成型し、トロイド状
磁心を得、これを測定試料とする。さらに、このトロイ
ド状試料に一様に巻き数１２０〜１８０で巻線をほどこ
す、これをブリッジ回路に入れ、０．５ＭＨｚから５．
０ＭＨｚまで適当に交流磁場を変化させ、その時のイン
ダクタンスを求め、透磁率ｇｓを下式に基づき得る。The value of maximum magnetic permeability in the present invention is determined by a very commonly used method of uniformly winding a toroidal magnetic core, applying an appropriate alternating magnetic field, and determining the inductance change at that time. obtained from. The specific measuring method is to add and mix the binder resin powder 5P to the magnetic powder 20 to be measured. 15 g of this mixture was placed in a ring-shaped mold and molded at a pressure of 1.0 ton/c<2> to obtain a toroidal magnetic core, which was used as a measurement sample. Further, this toroidal sample is wound with a uniform number of turns of 120 to 180, and this is placed in a bridge circuit, and a frequency of 0.5 MHz to 5.0 MHz is applied.
The alternating current magnetic field is changed appropriately up to 0 MHz, the inductance at that time is determined, and the magnetic permeability gs can be obtained based on the following formula.
本発明の磁性粉末の粒径は０．Ｏ１〜２ＩＬｍ、より好
ましくは０．１〜ｌＩＬ■のものが用いられ、芯材樹脂
重量１００重量部に対して４０〜２００重量部、より好
ましくは５０〜１２０ ｉ置部の割合で用いられる。The particle size of the magnetic powder of the present invention is 0. O1-2ILm, more preferably 0.1-1IL■, is used in a proportion of 40-200 parts by weight, more preferably 50-120 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the core resin.
更に本発明に用いられる磁性粉末は、疎水化処理を施し
たものが好ましい、疎水化処理を施すことにより、トナ
ー自体の湿度特性も上がり、環境変動による現像特性の
変化も少ないほか、本発明にかかる低溶融粘度の芯材樹
脂と磁性粉末との相溶性が高まり、芯粒子中に磁性粉末
を充分内包化することができ、絶縁性磁性カプセルトナ
ーを容易に得ることができ、潜像担持体表面への傷付け
も少なくなる。Furthermore, the magnetic powder used in the present invention is preferably one that has been subjected to a hydrophobization treatment.By performing the hydrophobization treatment, the humidity characteristics of the toner itself are improved, and the development characteristics are less likely to change due to environmental changes. The compatibility between the core material resin with such a low melt viscosity and the magnetic powder increases, and the magnetic powder can be sufficiently encapsulated in the core particles, making it possible to easily obtain an insulating magnetic capsule toner, which can be used as a latent image carrier. There is also less damage to the surface.
磁性粉末を疎水化処理する方法としては、例えばその１
００重量部に対して０．０１〜５重量部の割合のチタン
カップリング剤、シランカップリング剤等により疎水化
処理される。疎水化処理は、一般には乾燥させた磁性粉
末を各種ミルで攪拌中に、カップリング剤をトルエン、
ベンゼン等のカップリング剤が可溶な溶剤に可溶化後、
十分に分散される速度で滴下混合し、反応させた後、溶
剤及び反応副生成物を蒸発させ、除去せしめることによ
り行なわれる。Examples of methods for hydrophobizing magnetic powder include method 1.
Hydrophobic treatment is performed using a titanium coupling agent, a silane coupling agent, etc. in a proportion of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight per 0.00 parts by weight. Hydrophobization treatment is generally performed by adding a coupling agent to toluene, while stirring dried magnetic powder in various mills.
After solubilization in a solvent in which a coupling agent such as benzene is soluble,
This is done by dropwise mixing at a rate that provides sufficient dispersion, allowing the reaction to occur, and then evaporating and removing the solvent and reaction by-products.
本発明にかかる絶縁性磁性カプセルトナーの芯粒子の１
００℃における溶融粘度は、０．５〜５０ｐｏｉｓｅ
、より好ましくはｌ ｗ ２５ｐｏｉｓｅでなければな
らない。1 of the core particles of the insulating magnetic capsule toner according to the present invention
Melt viscosity at 00°C is 0.5 to 50 poise
, more preferably l w 25poise.
０．５ｐｏｉｓｅ未満であると、常温時においても芯粒
子が柔らか過ぎ、現像時の衝撃により磁性カプセルトナ
ーが破壊され、好ましくない、又。If it is less than 0.5 poise, the core particles will be too soft even at room temperature, and the magnetic capsule toner will be destroyed by impact during development, which is undesirable.
５０ｐｏｉｇｅを超えると、芯粒子が硬過ぎ、圧による
変形が減少し、圧力定着性が劣る他、熱による定着によ
っても熱による変形が減少し、同一定着性を得るために
必要となる熱量が増大し好ましくない。If it exceeds 50 poige, the core particles are too hard, deformation due to pressure decreases, pressure fixing performance is poor, and deformation due to heat also decreases when fixing with heat, increasing the amount of heat required to obtain the same fixing performance. I don't like it.
本発明における溶融粘度の測定方法は、各種の粘度計が
用いられるが１本発明では、回転二重円筒（ローター）
型粘度計を用い、ずり速度１０ｓｅｃ−’ テ測定した
。In the method for measuring melt viscosity in the present invention, various viscosity meters are used, but in the present invention, a rotating double cylinder (rotor)
The shear rate was measured using a type viscometer at a shear rate of 10 seconds.
ローター型粘度計の場合、すり速度は次式により求めら
れる。In the case of a rotor type viscometer, the sliding speed is determined by the following formula.
’−（Ｒｈ／Ｒｅ）２ Ｒｃ：カップ半径（Ｃ腸） Ｒｂ：ローター半径（＋、ｓ） ω：ローター回転角速度 Ｎ：回転数（ｒｐ腸） また、すり応力は Ｓ ＝ Ｎ／２ｔＲｂ２ｈ Ｍ：粘性トルク ｈ：ローター高さくＣ■） であり、溶融粘度は η＝Ｓ／Ｄ である。'-(Rh/Re)2 Rc: Cup radius (C intestine) Rb: Rotor radius (+, s) ω: Rotor rotational angular velocity N: Number of rotations (RP intestine) Also, the friction stress is S = N/2tRb2h M: Viscous torque h: Rotor height C■) and the melt viscosity is η=S/D It is.
本発明における芯粒子の溶融粘度とは、芯材樹脂、磁性
体粒子、及びその他の内添剤の混合物の溶融粘度であり
、芯材樹脂の溶融粘度、磁性体粒子の粒径及びその含有
量等を調整することにより１本発明にかかる芯粒子の溶
融粘度に調整することができる。The melt viscosity of the core particles in the present invention is the melt viscosity of a mixture of core resin, magnetic particles, and other internal additives, and includes the melt viscosity of the core resin, the particle size of the magnetic particles, and their content. By adjusting the following, it is possible to adjust the melt viscosity of the core particles according to the present invention.
本発明の磁性カプセルトナーの芯材樹脂として用いられ
る樹脂としては１例えば、炭素数が好ましくは１２〜５
０であるポリエチレンワックス、酸化ポリエチレン、パ
ラフィン、脂肪酸、脂肪酸エステル、脂肪酸アミド、脂
肪酸金属塩、高級アルコール、エチレン−酢酸ビニル、
環化ゴムなどの他、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンのご
とく、炭化水套連鎖を構造中に含む重合体、共重合体及
びパラフィンワックス、ミクロクリスタリンワックス、
モンタンワックス、セレシンワックス、オシケライト、
カルナバワックス、ライスワックス。The resin used as the core material resin of the magnetic capsule toner of the present invention is 1, for example, preferably has 12 to 5 carbon atoms.
0 polyethylene wax, polyethylene oxide, paraffin, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, fatty acid metal salts, higher alcohols, ethylene-vinyl acetate,
In addition to cyclized rubber, polymers and copolymers containing a hydrocarbon chain in their structure, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax,
Montan wax, Ceresin wax, Osikelite,
carnauba wax, rice wax.
シェラツクワックス、アミドワックスなどのワックス類
が挙げられる。Examples include waxes such as shellac wax and amide wax.
これらは、単独あるいは混合状態の化合物として用いら
れるが、その好ましい溶融粘度は１００℃において１〜
１００ｃｐｓである。These can be used alone or as a compound in a mixed state, but their preferred melt viscosity is 1 to 1 at 100°C.
It is 100 cps.
殻材樹脂としては、公知の樹脂が使用可能であり１例え
ば１次の様な七ツマー類から成る樹脂がある。スチレン
、ｐ−クロルスチレン、ｐ−ジメチルアミノ−スチレン
などのスチレン及びその置換体；アクリル酸メチル、ア
クリル酸エチル、アクリル酸ブチル、メタクリル酸メチ
ル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸ブチル、メタク
リル酸Ｎ、Ｎ−ジメチルアミノエチルエステルなどのア
クリル酸あるいはメタクリル酸のエステル；無水マレイ
ン酸あるいは無水マレイン酸のハーフェステル、ハーフ
アミドあるいはジエステルイミド、ビニルピリジン、
ビニルイミダゾールなどの含窒素ビニル；ビニルホル
マール、ビニルブチラールなどのビニルアセタール；塩
化ビニル、アクリロニトリル、酢酸ビニルなどのビニル
モノマー；塩化ビニリデン、フッ化ビニリデンなどのビ
ニリデンモノマー；エチレン、プロピレンなどのオレフ
ィンモノマーである。また、ポリエステル、ポリカーボ
ネート、ポリスルホネート、ポリアミド、ポリウレタン
、ポリウレア、エポキシ樹脂。As the shell material resin, known resins can be used, and for example, there are resins consisting of heptamers such as primary. Styrene and its substituted products such as styrene, p-chlorostyrene, and p-dimethylamino-styrene; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, N, N methacrylate - Esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid such as dimethylaminoethyl ester; halfesters, half-amides or diesterimides of maleic anhydride or maleic anhydride; vinylpyridine;
Nitrogen-containing vinyls such as vinyl imidazole; vinyl acetals such as vinyl formal and vinyl butyral; vinyl monomers such as vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, and vinyl acetate; vinylidene monomers such as vinylidene chloride and vinylidene fluoride; olefin monomers such as ethylene and propylene. . Also polyester, polycarbonate, polysulfonate, polyamide, polyurethane, polyurea, epoxy resin.
ロジン、変成ロジン、テルペン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、
脂肪族又は脂環族炭化水素樹脂、芳香族系 ゛石油樹脂
、メラミン樹脂、ポリフェニレンオキサイドのようなポ
リエーテル樹脂あるいは千オニーチル樹脂、などの単独
重合体、あるいは共重合体、もしくは混合物が使用でき
る。Rosin, modified rosin, terpene resin, phenolic resin,
Homopolymers, copolymers, or mixtures of aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resins, aromatic petroleum resins, melamine resins, polyether resins such as polyphenylene oxide, or 1,000-onythyl resins can be used.
カプセルトナーは、これら殻材を公知の方法で被覆する
ことにより得られるが、第１の殻材で被覆した後、更に
第２の殻材で被覆するいわゆる２重壁カプセルトナーも
本発明に含まれる。Capsule toner can be obtained by coating these shell materials by a known method, but the present invention also includes so-called double-wall capsule toner, which is coated with a first shell material and then further coated with a second shell material. It will be done.
カプセルトナー芯粒子に対する殻材厚は１通常０．０１
〜３１Ｌｍ程度であるが、本発明の磁性体粒子を用いる
ことにより、低溶融粘度の芯材料の特性をよりきわだた
せる比較的薄い殻材厚０．０１〜ＩＪＬ鵬であっても、
潜像担持体を傷付けることがない。The shell material thickness for the capsule toner core particle is 1 usually 0.01
However, by using the magnetic particles of the present invention, even if the shell material thickness is relatively thin from 0.01 to IJL, which brings out the characteristics of the core material with low melt viscosity,
It does not damage the latent image carrier.
本発明の絶縁性磁性方プセルトナーには、その他染顔料
、荷電制御剤、酸化ケイ素粒子等の流動化剤１等の内添
剤、外添剤を必要に応じて添加することができる。Other internal and external additives such as dyes and pigments, charge control agents, and fluidizing agents 1 such as silicon oxide particles may be added to the insulating magnetic gel toner of the present invention as required.
これは１本発明の芯粒子の溶融粘度が懸濁造粒時の適正
粘度と一致する他に１球状磁性粉は他の磁性粉と比較し
て、懸濁媒体中の攪拌により粒子が形成される際も、個
々の芯粒子中に存在する磁性粉の量が均一となり、更に
芯粒子自体の粒度分布も比較的シャープとなり、現像特
性の優れた磁性カプセルトナーが得られるためである。This is because (1) the melt viscosity of the core particles of the present invention matches the appropriate viscosity during suspension granulation, and (1) the spherical magnetic powder is more likely to form particles by stirring in the suspension medium than other magnetic powders. This is because the amount of magnetic powder present in each core particle is uniform even when developing the core particles, and the particle size distribution of the core particles themselves is also relatively sharp, resulting in a magnetic capsule toner with excellent development characteristics.
本発明にかかる絶縁性磁性カプセルトナーの製法として
は、例えばスプレードライ法、界面重合法、コアセルベ
ーション法、相分離法、１ｎ−ｓｉｔｕ重合法、米国特
許第３，３３８，９９１号明細書、同第３．３２１１ｉ
、８４８号明細書、同第３，５０２，５８２号明細書な
どに記載されている方法などが使用できるが、芯粒子の
製法としては、芯材料を溶融混練した後。Methods for producing the insulating magnetic capsule toner according to the present invention include, for example, spray drying, interfacial polymerization, coacervation, phase separation, 1n-situ polymerization, US Pat. No. 3,338,991, 3.3211i
, No. 848, No. 3,502,582, etc. can be used, but the method for producing the core particles is after melting and kneading the core material.
該混練物を該混練物に対し非溶の懸濁媒体液中で攪拌す
ることにより、粒子を形成する懸濁造粒法が好ましい。A suspension granulation method is preferred in which particles are formed by stirring the kneaded material in a suspension medium that does not dissolve the kneaded material.
［実施例］ 次に実施例を挙げて本発明を更に詳しく説明する。[Example] Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.
実施例１
の混合物（１００℃における溶融粘度２０ｃｐｓ ）に
。The mixture of Example 1 (melt viscosity at 100°C 20 cps).
を加え、前述の懸濁造粒法により芯粒子を生成した。該
芯粒子の１００℃における溶融粘度は１８ｐｏｉｓｅで
あった。was added, and core particles were produced by the suspension granulation method described above. The core particles had a melt viscosity of 18 poise at 100°C.
この芯粒子をスプレー法によりカプセル化し、絶縁性磁
性カプセルトナーを得た。This core particle was encapsulated by a spray method to obtain an insulating magnetic capsule toner.
該トナー１００ｆｆｉ量部に対して１重量部の疎水性シ
リカ微粉末を外添し、第２図に示すような画像形成装置
（キャノン株式会社製ＰＣ−２０改造ａ）により、有機
半導体の感光ドラム、ブレードクリーニングを用い、サ
イズＡ４で１万５千枚の現像、転写を行なったところ、
感光ドラム面の傷もわずかで、感光ドラムに対するトナ
ー融着も生じなかつた０画像濃度もマクベス濃度計（商
品名）におけるＤｓａｘ（反射濃度）が１−３〜１．４
と充分高く。1 part by weight of hydrophobic silica fine powder was externally added to 100 ffi parts of the toner, and an organic semiconductor photosensitive drum was formed using an image forming apparatus (PC-20 modified a manufactured by Canon Co., Ltd.) as shown in FIG. After developing and transferring 15,000 sheets of A4 size using blade cleaning,
There were only slight scratches on the photosensitive drum surface, and no toner fusion occurred on the photosensitive drum.The 0 image density also had a Dsax (reflection density) of 1-3 to 1.4 on the Macbeth densitometer (trade name).
and high enough.
カブリの無い鮮明な画像が得られた。低温低湿下（５℃
、１０％）、高温高湿下（３２℃、９０％）も同様であ
った。A clear image without fogging was obtained. Low temperature and low humidity (5℃
, 10%) and under high temperature and high humidity conditions (32°C, 90%).
比較例１
磁性粉末を第１図（ｂ）に示すような立方状でＩ ＭＨ
ｚの最大透磁率が２．９のものを用いた他は、実施例１
と同様な方法でカプセルトナーを得、実施例１と同様な
現像、転写を行なった。Comparative Example 1 Magnetic powder was placed in a cubic shape as shown in Figure 1(b).
Example 1 except that the maximum magnetic permeability of z was 2.9.
A capsule toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, and development and transfer were performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
４千枚の現像で、感光ドラム面上に傷があられれ、６千
枚目よりその傷部分にトナー回前が見られ、転写画像コ
ピー面にも汚れがあられれた。その後１万枚目でクリー
ニング不良があられれはじめた。After developing 4,000 sheets, there were scratches on the surface of the photosensitive drum, and from the 6,000th sheet onward, toner stains were observed in the scratched areas, and stains were also found on the transferred image copy surface. After that, after the 10,000th print, cleaning defects started to appear.
画像もＤ ｓａｗが１．１〜１．２でカブリが見られ、
このカブリは特に高温高湿下、低温低湿下で激しくなっ
た。The image also shows fog when D saw is 1.1 to 1.2.
This fog became especially severe under high temperature and high humidity conditions, and under low temperature and low humidity conditions.
実施例２．３
芯材料、磁性粉を表１に記載したものにかえた他は、実
施例１と同様な方法でカプセルトナーを得、実施例１と
同様な現像、転写を行なった。結果を表１に併記する。Example 2.3 A capsule toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the core material and magnetic powder were changed to those listed in Table 1, and development and transfer were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are also listed in Table 1.
比較例２
芯材料、磁性粉を表２に記載したものにかえた他は、実
施例１と同様な方法でカプセルトナーを得、実施例１と
同様な現像、転写を行なった。結果を表２に併記する。Comparative Example 2 A capsule toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the core material and magnetic powder were changed to those listed in Table 2, and development and transfer were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are also listed in Table 2.
［発明の効果］
以上説明したように、本発明にかかる絶縁性磁性カプセ
ルトナーは、潜像担持体、特に有機光導電体に対する傷
付けの少ない良好な現像特性を有する現像剤を提供する
。[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, the insulating magnetic capsule toner according to the present invention provides a developer having good development characteristics with little damage to a latent image carrier, especially an organic photoconductor.
第１図（ａ）は、本発明にかかる球状磁性体粒子の電子
顕微鏡写真の模式図で、文は最長寸法、Ｓは最短寸法で
ある。第１図（ｂ）は、立方状磁性体、第１図（、Ｃ）
は、針状晶磁性体の模式図である。 。
第２図に本発明にかかる絶縁性磁性カプセルトナーを使
用する画像形成装置の一実施例を示す。
ｌは有機光導電体を表面に有する感光ドラムで、矢印方
向に回転し、公知の方法で潜像が形成される。２は本発
明にかかる絶縁性磁性カプセルトナーを現像するための
現像スリーブで、内部に永久磁石を備え、トナーは現像
スリーブ上に薄くコートされ１図示されない電界印加手
段により現像スリーブ２から感光ドラムｌへ、絶縁性磁
性カプセルトナーが現像される。３は該現像像が転写さ
れる転写紙で、４は転写帯電器である。５は転写されず
に残った絶縁性磁性カプセルトナーをクリーニングする
ためのブレードクリーニング装置で、ドラムが回転する
方向に対し、対抗する方向にブレードが装着されている
。FIG. 1(a) is a schematic diagram of an electron micrograph of spherical magnetic particles according to the present invention, where letters indicate the longest dimension and S indicates the shortest dimension. Figure 1(b) is a cubic magnetic body, Figure 1(,C)
is a schematic diagram of an acicular crystal magnetic material. . FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of an image forming apparatus using the insulating magnetic capsule toner according to the present invention. Reference numeral 1 denotes a photosensitive drum having an organic photoconductor on its surface, which rotates in the direction of the arrow to form a latent image using a known method. Reference numeral 2 denotes a developing sleeve for developing the insulating magnetic capsule toner according to the present invention, which is equipped with a permanent magnet inside, and the toner is thinly coated on the developing sleeve. Then, the insulating magnetic capsule toner is developed. 3 is a transfer paper to which the developed image is transferred, and 4 is a transfer charger. Reference numeral 5 denotes a blade cleaning device for cleaning the insulating magnetic capsule toner remaining without being transferred, and a blade is installed in a direction opposite to the direction in which the drum rotates.
Claims (1)
０．５〜５０ｐｏｉｓｅである芯粒子を樹脂により被覆
した絶縁性磁性カプセルトナーにおいて、該磁性粉末が
、最長寸法／最短寸法比１．０〜１．５の球状物である
ことを特徴とする絶縁性磁性カプセルトナー。(1) In an insulating magnetic capsule toner in which core particles containing magnetic powder and having a melt viscosity of 0.5 to 50 poise at 100°C are coated with a resin, the magnetic powder has a longest dimension/shortest dimension ratio of 1.0 to An insulating magnetic capsule toner characterized in that it is a spherical substance with a diameter of 1.5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61253583A JPH0827551B2 (en) | 1986-10-27 | 1986-10-27 | Insulating magnetic capsule toner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61253583A JPH0827551B2 (en) | 1986-10-27 | 1986-10-27 | Insulating magnetic capsule toner |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63108354A true JPS63108354A (en) | 1988-05-13 |
| JPH0827551B2 JPH0827551B2 (en) | 1996-03-21 |
Family
ID=17253393
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61253583A Expired - Lifetime JPH0827551B2 (en) | 1986-10-27 | 1986-10-27 | Insulating magnetic capsule toner |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0827551B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5411830A (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1995-05-02 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Magnetic developer, electrophotographic apparatus and recognition method of magnetic ink character |
| US5952138A (en) * | 1992-05-25 | 1999-09-14 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Magnetic developer and recognition method of magnetic-ink character |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6071529A (en) * | 1983-09-28 | 1985-04-23 | Toda Kogyo Corp | Manufacture of spherical magnetite powder |
| JPS6159352A (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1986-03-26 | Canon Inc | Capsule toner |
| JPS6165260A (en) * | 1984-09-07 | 1986-04-03 | Canon Inc | Capsule toner |
| JPS6165259A (en) * | 1984-09-07 | 1986-04-03 | Canon Inc | Capsule toner |
| JPS61155223A (en) * | 1984-12-27 | 1986-07-14 | Toda Kogyo Corp | Magnetite granular powder having spherical form and its production |
-
1986
- 1986-10-27 JP JP61253583A patent/JPH0827551B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6071529A (en) * | 1983-09-28 | 1985-04-23 | Toda Kogyo Corp | Manufacture of spherical magnetite powder |
| JPS6159352A (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1986-03-26 | Canon Inc | Capsule toner |
| JPS6165260A (en) * | 1984-09-07 | 1986-04-03 | Canon Inc | Capsule toner |
| JPS6165259A (en) * | 1984-09-07 | 1986-04-03 | Canon Inc | Capsule toner |
| JPS61155223A (en) * | 1984-12-27 | 1986-07-14 | Toda Kogyo Corp | Magnetite granular powder having spherical form and its production |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5411830A (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1995-05-02 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Magnetic developer, electrophotographic apparatus and recognition method of magnetic ink character |
| US5952138A (en) * | 1992-05-25 | 1999-09-14 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Magnetic developer and recognition method of magnetic-ink character |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0827551B2 (en) | 1996-03-21 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |