JPS6287497A - Production of silicon nitride whisker - Google Patents

Production of silicon nitride whisker

Info

Publication number
JPS6287497A
JPS6287497A JP22774285A JP22774285A JPS6287497A JP S6287497 A JPS6287497 A JP S6287497A JP 22774285 A JP22774285 A JP 22774285A JP 22774285 A JP22774285 A JP 22774285A JP S6287497 A JPS6287497 A JP S6287497A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
gas
whiskers
furnace
silicon nitride
mixed gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP22774285A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH055799B2 (en
Inventor
Hachiro Ichikawa
市川 八郎
Masao Saito
真佐旺 斎藤
Koichi Takada
紘一 高田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd filed Critical Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd
Priority to JP22774285A priority Critical patent/JPS6287497A/en
Publication of JPS6287497A publication Critical patent/JPS6287497A/en
Publication of JPH055799B2 publication Critical patent/JPH055799B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

PURPOSE:To readily obtain the titled whiskers having improved tensile strength, etc., by alternately and repeatedly carrying out a step of bringing CO into contact with SiO2 at a high temperature and generating a mixed gas of SiO2 and CO2 and a step of reacting SiO2 gas with N2. CONSTITUTION:Carbon monoxide gas is brought into contact with silicon dioxide powder placed in a furnace at >=1,100 deg.C under ordinary pressure to generate a mixed gas of silicon monoxide gas with gaseous carbon dioxide by the reaction expressed by formula I. Nitrogen gas is then added to the mixed gas generated in the furnace and kept at >=1,100 deg.C under >=ordinary pressure to initiate reactions expressed by formulas II and III and produce silicon nitride whiskers on the carbonaceous surface in the furnace. The above-mentioned step of generating the mixed gas and the step of producing the whiskers are repeatedly carried out at least several times to afford the aimed filamentous silicon nitride whiskers.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は窒化ケイ素ホイスカーの製造法に関し極めて簡
単な装置を用い、従来製造困難であった長いホイスカー
を容易に得ることができる゛方法に関する。得られた長
いホイスカーは引張強さが著しく高いので、FRM等複
合材料のフィラーとして利用することができる。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing silicon nitride whiskers, and relates to a method for easily obtaining long whiskers, which have been difficult to manufacture in the past, using extremely simple equipment. The long whiskers obtained have extremely high tensile strength and can be used as fillers in composite materials such as FRM.

従来の技術と問題点 窒化ケイ素ホイスカーの製造法については、従来から種
々の方法が提案され、例えば特開昭57−196711
号では、炭化させた籾殻あるいは珪石等珪酸分を含有し
薄肉で空隙のある原料をトレーに充填し非酸化性雰囲気
下で不純物を揮散させた後、1350〜1450℃の温
度域で窒化させることにより窒化ケイ素ホイスカーを得
る方法で、また特開昭58−172298号は基本的に
は上記方法と同一で予め原料ホイスカーに窒化ケイ素粉
末を結晶核として付着せしめて行なうものであり、ホイ
スカーは炭化籾殻等原群や窒化ケイ素粉体中に分散して
おり、籾殻等を分離除去する必要がある。また得られた
ホイスカーも径α1〜1.0μm、長さ50μm〜2m
m、アスペクト比10,000〜20,000と短いも
のである。
Conventional techniques and problems Various methods have been proposed for manufacturing silicon nitride whiskers, such as Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-196711.
In this issue, carbonized rice husk or silica stone containing thin walled and porous raw materials containing silicic acid are filled into a tray, impurities are volatilized in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and then nitrided in a temperature range of 1350 to 1450°C. JP-A-58-172298 discloses a method for obtaining silicon nitride whiskers, which is basically the same as the above method, in which silicon nitride powder is attached as crystal nuclei to the raw material whiskers in advance, and the whiskers are made of carbide rice husks. It is dispersed in isomorphs and silicon nitride powder, and it is necessary to separate and remove rice husks and the like. The obtained whisker also has a diameter of α1 to 1.0 μm and a length of 50 μm to 2 m.
m, and the aspect ratio is as short as 10,000 to 20,000.

一方、特公昭41−17967号、特公昭50−448
0号に見られる窒化ケイ素ホイスカーの製造法はケイ素
成分を含むガスと窒素ガスないしは窒素を含む混合ガス
の反応により生長せしめるもので、後者は、反応促進の
ため特定の金属又は金属化合物を触媒として用いるもの
であるが、ケイ素含有ガスの生成とホイスカー生成反応
とを、同時に行なわせるため、炉内の温度勾配、混合ガ
ス組成などのバランスを保つ必要があり、製造に用いる
装置が複雑で工業化上難点がある。
On the other hand, Special Publication No. 41-17967, Special Publication No. 448-1973
The method for manufacturing silicon nitride whiskers seen in No. 0 is to grow them through the reaction of a gas containing a silicon component and nitrogen gas or a mixed gas containing nitrogen.The latter uses a specific metal or metal compound as a catalyst to accelerate the reaction. However, since the generation of silicon-containing gas and the whisker generation reaction occur simultaneously, it is necessary to maintain a balance in the temperature gradient in the furnace, the composition of the mixed gas, etc., and the equipment used for production is complex, making it difficult to industrialize. There are some difficulties.

問題点を解決するだめの手段 本発明者らは、以上の問題点を解決するため、SiOと
coおよびN にょるSi3N4ボイスカ1の製造法に
ついて研究を重ね、SiOの合成反応と、Sin、Co
およびN2からホイスカーを生成、生長せしめる反応と
を、反応容器内における圧力を変更することにより、そ
れぞれ効果的に進行せしめることができ、従って、この
二つの工程を交互に繰返すことにより、炉内の炭素質面
上に長繊維状のSi3N4ホイスカーを得られることを
見出し反応条件について検討を重ね、本発明を完成する
に至った。
Means to Solve the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have repeatedly researched the manufacturing method of Si3N4 voice carrier 1 containing SiO, co and N, and have
By changing the pressure within the reaction vessel, the reactions that generate and grow whiskers from N2 can proceed effectively. Therefore, by repeating these two processes alternately, the They discovered that long fiber Si3N4 whiskers could be obtained on a carbonaceous surface, and after conducting repeated studies on reaction conditions, they completed the present invention.

本発明方法は、二酸化ケイ素を原料として窒化ケイ素ホ
イスカーを製造する方法において、(イ)炉内に置かれ
た二酸化ケイ素に一酸化炭素ガスを1100℃以上、常
圧以下で接触させ、一酸化ケイ素ガスと炭酸ガスの混合
ガスを発生させ、 (ロ)次に、上記炉内に発生した混合ガスに窒素ガスを
添加し、11006C以上、常圧以上に保持して炉内の
炭素質面上にホイスカーを生成させる工程薯 とからなり、上記(イ)と(ロ)の工程を少なくとも数
回交互に繰返すことを特徴とするものである。
The method of the present invention is a method for producing silicon nitride whiskers using silicon dioxide as a raw material, in which (a) carbon monoxide gas is brought into contact with silicon dioxide placed in a furnace at a temperature of 1100°C or higher and below normal pressure, and the silicon monoxide A mixed gas of gas and carbon dioxide gas is generated, (b) Next, nitrogen gas is added to the mixed gas generated in the above-mentioned furnace, and the mixture is maintained at 11006C or higher and normal pressure or higher, and is poured onto the carbonaceous surface in the furnace. and a step of generating whiskers, and is characterized by repeating the steps (a) and (b) alternately at least several times.

このようにして、炉内のガス組成9及応条件を変えるこ
とにより、極めて容易に長繊維状の窒化ケイ素ホイスカ
ーを製造することができる。
In this way, long fiber silicon nitride whiskers can be produced very easily by changing the gas composition 9 and the corresponding conditions in the furnace.

(3」 次に、上記Si3N4ホイスカーの生成する反応機構の
概略は以下のように考えられる。
(3) Next, the outline of the reaction mechanism for producing the Si3N4 whiskers is considered as follows.

炉内の容器に充填された5t02粉末はCOガス雰囲気
下で加熱される。1100℃以上に加熱したとき、CO
ガス圧力を常圧より低くすると、次式によりSiOガス
が発生する。
The 5t02 powder filled in a container in the furnace is heated under a CO gas atmosphere. When heated above 1100℃, CO
When the gas pressure is lower than normal pressure, SiO gas is generated according to the following equation.

SiO3+00(ガス]→5in(ガスJ+002(ガ
ス)・・・・(11 このSiOガスは以下の反応で窒化ケイ素ホイスカーを
生成する。
SiO3+00(gas)→5in(gas J+002(gas)...(11) This SiO gas generates silicon nitride whiskers by the following reaction.

38i0(ガスI +30+2N2→Ss 3N4 (
固体]+3C!0(ガス)・・・・(2」 38i0(ガス3+300+2N2→5i3N4(固体
)十3002(ガス1日・・(3) 上記(1)式の反応の自由エネルギーΔGは、ΔG−△
G’ 十RT In ’S工上上−<43pc。
38i0 (Gas I +30+2N2→Ss 3N4 (
Solid] +3C! 0 (gas) ... (2) 38i0 (gas 3 + 300 + 2N2 → 5i3N4 (solid) 13002 (gas 1 day ... (3) The free energy ΔG of the reaction in equation (1) above is ΔG - Δ
G' 10 RT In 'S Kojo-<43pc.

で示され、反応を進行させるためには右辺第2項から判
る如く減圧状態で行なうことが望ましい。
As can be seen from the second term on the right side, it is desirable to carry out the reaction under reduced pressure in order to allow the reaction to proceed.

上記(13式の反応で充分なSiOが容器内に生成され
ると、炉内のC(SiO2の充填に用いた炭素質容器、
炉壁又は炉内に設けた炭素質面等)と反応し、(2]式
の反応でSi3N4ホイスカーの結晶核が生成する。所
定の温度範囲に維持することで生成核の上に上記(3)
式の反応で同時に、Si3N4ホイスカーが生長し始め
ると考えられる。
When sufficient SiO is generated in the container by the reaction of the above (Equation 13), the carbon in the furnace (the carbonaceous container used for filling SiO2,
Si3N4 whisker crystal nuclei are generated by the reaction of equation (2). By maintaining the temperature within a predetermined temperature range, the above (3) )
It is thought that Si3N4 whiskers begin to grow at the same time in the reaction of the formula.

この場合、上記(3]式に相応する反応の自由エネルギ
ーΔGは、 (psto)a、(p Cω3・(p N2r 2・・
・・(5) であり、反応を進行させるためには、上式右辺第2項か
ら判る如く常圧より加圧状態の方が5t3N4ホイスカ
ーの成長が速いと考えられる。
In this case, the free energy ΔG of the reaction corresponding to equation (3) above is (psto)a, (p Cω3・(p N2r 2・・
(5) In order for the reaction to proceed, it is thought that the growth of 5t3N4 whiskers is faster under pressurized conditions than under normal pressure, as seen from the second term on the right side of the above equation.

次に本発明をさらに詳しく述べると、反応に使用される
8102粉末は特に純度を規定する必要はないが、Si
O2分として99%以上が好ましい。
Next, to describe the present invention in more detail, the purity of the 8102 powder used in the reaction does not need to be specified, but Si
The O2 content is preferably 99% or more.

粒度は200μm以下が良い。SiO用Si源として、
より高純度が必要な場合には、金属ケイ素粉末を酸化し
て使用することができる。
The particle size is preferably 200 μm or less. As a Si source for SiO,
If higher purity is required, metallic silicon powder can be oxidized and used.

反応炉及び5t02粉末の静置容器としては、1100
8C以上の高温になるので、1600℃以上で、好まし
くは2000℃以上で焼成した、例えば黒鉛質のものが
良い。これは、高温で揮発分が揮発して上記反応温度で
炉内の雰囲気を汚染するものが生じないためである。5
t02粉末は反応炉の底に載置しても、充填用容器の中
に入れて反応炉中に挿入してもよく、炉材や前記5i0
2粉末容器(もし必要ならば]はSiOやSi3N4等
の焼結晶でもよい。
As a reactor and a static container for 5t02 powder, 1100
Since the temperature is 8C or higher, it is preferable to use graphite, for example, which is fired at 1600C or higher, preferably 2000C or higher. This is because volatile matter evaporates at high temperatures and does not contaminate the atmosphere in the furnace at the above reaction temperature. 5
The t02 powder may be placed on the bottom of the reactor or placed in a filling container and inserted into the reactor.
2. The powder container (if required) may be a fired crystal such as SiO or Si3N4.

次に、Si3N4ホイスカー生成用の炭素質面としては
、反応炉炉壁面自体でも、炉壁上にさらに炭素質材料で
被覆し、あるいは炭素質材を炉内に垂下せしめたもので
もよい。但し、Si3N4ホイスカーの長繊維状のもの
が伸長するための炉内空間は必要であり、炉の内側の太
きさとしては、角形炉の場合、縦10−50cm、横1
0〜50cm長さ20〜200 cmの範囲が目安であ
るが、もちろん、反応容器の寸法はこれに限られず、ま
た円筒状容器でもよい。
Next, the carbonaceous surface for producing Si3N4 whiskers may be the reactor wall itself, the furnace wall further coated with a carbonaceous material, or a carbonaceous material suspended inside the furnace. However, a space inside the furnace is required for the long fiber-like Si3N4 whiskers to expand, and the inside thickness of the furnace is 10-50 cm in length and 1 cm in width in the case of a rectangular furnace.
The standard range is 0 to 50 cm in length and 20 to 200 cm in length, but of course the dimensions of the reaction container are not limited to these, and may be cylindrical.

反応炉内の雰囲気については、1100℃以上、好まし
くは1200〜1600℃の範囲がよく、1100℃以
下では前記(IJ式の反応が起り難<、1600℃を超
えると窒化ケイ素ホイスカーの蒸気圧が高くなり収率が
低下するため、前記温度範囲内で反応させる必要がある
。この温度範囲において、炉内を20〜50℃以内の温
度差に保つことが好ましい。
Regarding the atmosphere in the reactor, the temperature is preferably 1100°C or higher, preferably in the range of 1200 to 1600°C. Below 1100°C, the above-mentioned IJ reaction is difficult to occur, and above 1600°C, the vapor pressure of the silicon nitride whisker is low. Since the temperature increases and the yield decreases, it is necessary to carry out the reaction within the above-mentioned temperature range.In this temperature range, it is preferable to maintain a temperature difference within the range of 20 to 50°C within the furnace.

また、本発明は、前記1100℃以上の温度範囲で、ガ
ス組成を変え、雰囲気圧力を交互に常圧(1気圧]以下
と常圧以上に操作することで窒化ケイ素ホイスカーの長
繊維状のものを得るのであるが、常圧以下とは1.0気
圧以下で、好ましくは07気圧以下、さらに好ましくは
α4気圧以下が良い。但し02気圧以下では(1]式の
反応を促進するが、炉内に気化したSiOガスを無駄に
排出してしまうので好ましくない。また、常圧以上とは
1.1気圧以上で、好ましくは1.2〜zO気圧が良く
、2IO気圧以上では炉のシールや耐圧に問題がある。
In addition, the present invention produces silicon nitride whiskers in the form of long fibers by changing the gas composition and alternating the atmospheric pressure to below normal pressure (1 atm) and above normal pressure in the temperature range of 1100°C or above. The normal pressure or below is 1.0 atm or below, preferably 07 atm or below, and more preferably α4 atm or below.However, below 02 atm will promote the reaction of equation (1), but the furnace This is not preferable because the SiO gas that has vaporized inside will be discharged wastefully.Also, the normal pressure or higher is 1.1 atm or higher, preferably 1.2 to zO atm.If it is over 2IO atm, the furnace seal or There is a problem with pressure resistance.

しかし、そのおそれがなければ、それ以上の気圧でもよ
い。
However, if there is no risk of this happening, a higher atmospheric pressure may be used.

また、常圧以下及び常圧以上に保持する時間はそれぞれ
5分〜3時間程度でよく、各工程を各々数回以上繰返し
てSi3N4ホイスカーを成長させる。なお、反応はS
iO3粉末がほとんど無くな°るまで行なってもよいが
、途中で止めてもよいことは、もちろんである。
Further, the time for maintaining the pressure below normal pressure and above normal pressure may be about 5 minutes to 3 hours, respectively, and each step is repeated several times or more to grow Si3N4 whiskers. In addition, the reaction is S
The process may be continued until almost all the iO3 powder is used up, but it is of course possible to stop halfway.

実施例 以下に実施例により、本発明をさらに具体的に説明する
EXAMPLES The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples below.

実施例 純度99.8%以上の平均粒径2μmの金属ケイ素粉を
αIN希塩酸で酸化処理した。脱水乾燥後高純度黒鉛製
国体に前記処理粉体を入れ、雰囲気中にセットした。
Example Metallic silicon powder with a purity of 99.8% or more and an average particle diameter of 2 μm was oxidized with αIN dilute hydrochloric acid. After dehydration and drying, the treated powder was placed in a high-purity graphite container and set in an atmosphere.

減圧COガス雰囲気のもとで昇温し、1500℃に達し
てから1時間後に、N2ガスを導入し、1.5気圧とし
、2時間保持した。以後2時間毎にCO導入及び減圧(
0,4気圧)、N2導入及び加圧(1,5気圧;を繰返
し、20時間保持した。冷却後、黒鉛容器内壁に生成し
たm錐の特性を調べた。
The temperature was raised in a reduced pressure CO gas atmosphere, and one hour after reaching 1500°C, N2 gas was introduced to bring the pressure to 1.5 atm, which was maintained for 2 hours. Thereafter, CO was introduced and depressurized every 2 hours (
0.4 atm), N2 introduction and pressurization (1.5 atm) were repeated and held for 20 hours. After cooling, the characteristics of the m-cone formed on the inner wall of the graphite container were investigated.

結果を次の第1表に示す。The results are shown in Table 1 below.

第1表 注(13痕跡のα−石英、(2]痕跡のβ−8i3N4
を含む。
Note to Table 1 (13 traces of α-quartz, (2) traces of β-8i3N4
including.

試料1〜5は上記実施例で得られたもので、かなりの分
布を示すものめ、長縁WA駅で、引張強度が優れている
ことが示される。
Samples 1 to 5 were obtained in the above examples and showed a considerable distribution, indicating that the long edge WA station had excellent tensile strength.

発明の効果 本発明方法によって得られた長繊維状S s 3 N 
4ホイスカーの特長は次の通りである。
Effects of the invention Long fibrous S s 3 N obtained by the method of the invention
The features of the 4 whiskers are as follows.

(aJホイスカーとしての特性が優れている。(It has excellent characteristics as an aJ whisker.

比較のため、市販品の特性を次の第2表に示す。For comparison, the properties of commercially available products are shown in Table 2 below.

第  2 表 これに対し、本発明方法によれば、前記第1表から得ら
れたものは平均直径は0.5μm以上、平均長さは5m
m以上の長繊維状のものである。アスペクト比(長さμ
m/直径μm)でi、ooo〜500、000と従来品
より極めて大きい。また引張強度は200−1000 
kg/mm2ト大キナ値を示している。
Table 2 In contrast, according to the method of the present invention, those obtained from Table 1 have an average diameter of 0.5 μm or more and an average length of 5 m.
It is in the form of long fibers with a length of m or more. Aspect ratio (length μ
m/diameter μm) i,ooo~500,000, which is extremely larger than conventional products. Also, the tensile strength is 200-1000
kg/mm2 indicates a large kina value.

(bJ純度が非常に高い製品が得られる。(A product with very high bJ purity is obtained.

籾殻等の原料を用いた従来技術の場合、ホイスカーと不
純情(A1203.OaO,MgO,Fe2O3その他
]ないしは残存原料との分離工程を必要とするが、本発
明による炉から取出したままのもののX線回折で調べた
結果は、構造はほとんどα−8t3N4ホイスカーで、
石英の結晶が痕跡として認められる場合があるが、分離
工程なしで、もし必要としても痕跡の石英除去工程のみ
で極めて高純度のものが得られる。
In the case of conventional technology using raw materials such as rice husks, it is necessary to separate whiskers from impurities (A1203.OaO, MgO, Fe2O3, etc.) or residual raw materials, but according to the present invention, the X The result of examining it by line diffraction shows that the structure is mostly α-8t3N4 whiskers.
Traces of quartz crystals may be observed in some cases, but extremely high purity can be obtained without a separation step and only by removing traces of quartz, if necessary.

以上の如く、本発明方法によれば、極めて簡単な装置を
用い、反応時のガス組成、圧力を変更した工程を繰返す
のみでよく、精密なガス組成や温度条件の制御のための
複雑な装置を必要としない。
As described above, according to the method of the present invention, it is only necessary to repeat the process by changing the gas composition and pressure during the reaction using an extremely simple device, and it is not necessary to use a complicated device for precisely controlling the gas composition and temperature conditions. does not require.

また、得られた長いホイスカーは引張強度が大でFRM
等複合材料用フィラーとして極めて優れたものである。
In addition, the obtained long whiskers have high tensile strength and are suitable for FRM.
It is extremely excellent as a filler for composite materials.

特許出磨人日本軽金属株式会社Patent Demajin Nippon Light Metal Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1、二酸化ケイ素を原料として窒化ケイ素ホイスカーを
製造する方法において、 (イ)炉内に置かれた二酸化ケイ素に一酸化炭素ガスを
1100℃以上、常圧以下で接触させ、一酸化ケイ素ガ
スと炭酸ガスの混合ガスを発生させ、 (ロ)次に、上記炉内に発生した混合ガスに窒素ガスを
添加し、1100℃以上、常圧以上に保持して炉内の炭
素質面上にホイスカーを生成させる工程; とからなり、上記(イ)と(ロ)の工程を少なくとも数
回交互に繰返すことを特徴とする窒化ケイ素ホイスカー
の製造法。
[Claims] 1. A method for producing silicon nitride whiskers using silicon dioxide as a raw material, including (a) bringing carbon monoxide gas into contact with silicon dioxide placed in a furnace at a temperature of 1100° C. or higher and a normal pressure or lower; A mixed gas of silicon monoxide gas and carbon dioxide gas is generated, (b) Next, nitrogen gas is added to the mixed gas generated in the above furnace, and the temperature is maintained at 1100°C or higher and normal pressure or higher, so that the carbon dioxide inside the furnace is A method for producing silicon nitride whiskers, comprising the steps of: generating whiskers on a textured surface; and comprising repeating the steps (a) and (b) alternately at least several times.
JP22774285A 1985-10-15 1985-10-15 Production of silicon nitride whisker Granted JPS6287497A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP22774285A JPS6287497A (en) 1985-10-15 1985-10-15 Production of silicon nitride whisker

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP22774285A JPS6287497A (en) 1985-10-15 1985-10-15 Production of silicon nitride whisker

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6287497A true JPS6287497A (en) 1987-04-21
JPH055799B2 JPH055799B2 (en) 1993-01-25

Family

ID=16865656

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP22774285A Granted JPS6287497A (en) 1985-10-15 1985-10-15 Production of silicon nitride whisker

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6287497A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5055276A (en) * 1989-11-15 1991-10-08 Huckins Harold A Ceramic whisker growing system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5055276A (en) * 1989-11-15 1991-10-08 Huckins Harold A Ceramic whisker growing system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH055799B2 (en) 1993-01-25

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