JPS6270706A - Method for measuring deficient depth of penetration of pipe welded art - Google Patents
Method for measuring deficient depth of penetration of pipe welded artInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6270706A JPS6270706A JP60210307A JP21030785A JPS6270706A JP S6270706 A JPS6270706 A JP S6270706A JP 60210307 A JP60210307 A JP 60210307A JP 21030785 A JP21030785 A JP 21030785A JP S6270706 A JPS6270706 A JP S6270706A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- penetration
- ultrasonic
- height
- pipe
- deficient
- Prior art date
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、管溶接時に生じる溶込み不足の高さを測定す
る方法の改良に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to an improvement in a method for measuring the height of insufficient penetration that occurs during pipe welding.
〔従来の技術］
一般に、ガス配管などの管を接合する場合には、突合せ
溶接によって継手部を接合することが多い。[Prior Art] Generally, when joining pipes such as gas piping, the joint portions are often joined by butt welding.
この場合、アーク溶接によって接合を行なうのが一般的
であるが、アーク速度が適当でなかったり、アーク電流
が低かったり、開先角度が狭かったりすると、溶接部に
溶込み不足が生じるおそれがある。この溶込み不足は継
手部の強度に影響を与え、必要以上に溶込み不足が生じ
ていると、将来、漏洩や管切断などの事故を招くおそれ
もある。したがって、管溶接時にはこの溶込み不足高さ
を高精度に測定する必要があった。In this case, it is common to join by arc welding, but if the arc speed is inappropriate, the arc current is low, or the groove angle is narrow, there is a risk of insufficient penetration in the welded part. . This insufficient penetration affects the strength of the joint, and if penetration is insufficient more than necessary, there is a risk of future accidents such as leakage or pipe cutting. Therefore, when welding pipes, it was necessary to measure the insufficient penetration height with high precision.
そこで、従来は放射線透過試験法によって管溶接部の溶
込み不足高さを測定していた。この溶込み不足高さを測
定するための放射線透過試験法としては、コントラスト
法と交角照射法とが適用されている。コントラスト法は
、第３図に示す如く、Ｘ線発生器１とフィルム２とを管
３の溶接部４を挟んで配置し、上記Ｘ線発生器１からＸ
線５を管３内に入射し、このＸ線５の透過画像を前記フ
ィルム２にて撮像するものである。そうすると、上記フ
ィルム２上には溶込み不足部６がその高さに応じて濃く
写し出されるので、この濃度に基いて不足高さを測定す
る。Therefore, conventionally, the height of insufficient penetration of pipe welds has been measured by radiographic testing. The contrast method and the cross-angle irradiation method are used as radiation transmission testing methods for measuring the height of insufficient penetration. In the contrast method, as shown in FIG.
X-rays 5 are made to enter the tube 3, and a transmitted image of the X-rays 5 is captured using the film 2. Then, the insufficient penetration portion 6 will appear darker on the film 2 according to its height, and the insufficient height will be measured based on this density.
交角照射法は、構成要素はほぼ上記コントラスト法と同
様であるが、Ｘ線発生器１から発生されるＸ線５を管３
に対し４５°傾けて入射させる。The cross-angle irradiation method has almost the same components as the above-mentioned contrast method, but the X-rays 5 generated from the X-ray generator 1 are transmitted through the tube 3.
The light is incident at an angle of 45°.
そうすると、フィルム２上には透過ＩＭの差によって溶
込み不足部６がそのまま実写されるので、この寸法に基
いて不足高さを測定する。Then, the insufficient penetration portion 6 is actually photographed as it is on the film 2 due to the difference in transmission IM, and the insufficient height is measured based on this dimension.
しかるに、上記放射線透過試験法によるコントラスト法
および交角照射法には次のような欠点があった。すなわ
ち、コントラスト法においては、濃度変化が小さいため
、溶込み不足部６の端部を見極めるのが困難であり、高
精度に測定することはできなかった。一方、交角照射法
においては、開先角度が狭すぎて溶接部４が密着してい
ると、この部分の溶込み不足が写し出されず、やはり精
度的に問題であった。However, the contrast method and the cross-angle irradiation method based on the radiation transmission test method described above have the following drawbacks. That is, in the contrast method, since the concentration change is small, it is difficult to determine the end of the insufficiently penetrated portion 6, and it is not possible to measure with high precision. On the other hand, in the cross-angle irradiation method, if the groove angle is too narrow and the welded portion 4 is in close contact with each other, insufficient penetration in this area cannot be visualized, which also poses a problem in terms of accuracy.
また、放射線透過試験法には上述したような欠点の他に
、測定時間がかかる上、Ｘ線５を用いるので被爆による
放射線障害の影響も有り、管溶接部の溶込み不足高さ測
定には不適当であった。In addition to the above-mentioned disadvantages, the radiographic testing method requires a long measurement time, and since it uses X-rays, it has the effect of radiation damage due to exposure, and it is difficult to measure the height of insufficient penetration in pipe welds. It was inappropriate.
そこで、最近は、第４図に示す如く、斜角探触子７を管
３の探傷面に配置し、面に対し斜めに進行する超音波８
を送信し、この超音波８の溶込み不足部６からの反射に
よって溶込み不足高さを測定する斜角試験法と呼ばれる
超音波探傷試駆法が実施されている。Therefore, recently, as shown in FIG.
An ultrasonic flaw detection test method called an oblique angle test method is being implemented in which the height of insufficient penetration is measured by transmitting ultrasonic waves 8 and reflecting them from the insufficient penetration portion 6.
この斜角試験法は、測定時間短縮をはかり得、放射線障
害等が発生するおそれもない。しかるに、この方法はガ
ス配管等のように管厚が薄い場合には溶込み不足部６の
先端からの反射を得ることが困難であり、結果として精
度低下を回避することはできなかった。This oblique angle test method can shorten the measurement time, and there is no risk of radiation damage. However, in this method, when the pipe thickness is thin such as in a gas pipe, it is difficult to obtain the reflection from the tip of the insufficient penetration part 6, and as a result, it is not possible to avoid a decrease in accuracy.
そこで本発明は、短時間でかつ高精度に溶込み不足高さ
を測定することができる管溶接部の溶込み不足高さ測定
方法を提供することを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the insufficient penetration height of a pipe welded portion, which can measure the insufficient penetration height in a short time and with high accuracy.
本発明は、上記問題点を解決し目的を達成するために、
管溶接部上に超音波垂直探触子を配置し、この超音波垂
直探触子から管内面に向かって接触面に対し垂直に超音
波を送信し、この超音波の伝播時間に暴いて前記溶接部
の溶込み不足高さを演算するようにしたものである。In order to solve the above problems and achieve the objectives, the present invention has the following features:
An ultrasonic vertical probe is placed on the pipe weld, and an ultrasonic wave is transmitted from this ultrasonic vertical probe perpendicular to the contact surface toward the inner surface of the tube, and the ultrasonic wave is detected during the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave. This method calculates the height of insufficient penetration of a welded part.
このような手段を講じたことにより、超音波垂直探触子
から管内面までの距離と溶込み先端までの距離が測定さ
れ、内面までの距離と溶込み先端までの距離との差が溶
込み不足高さとなる。By taking such measures, the distance from the ultrasonic vertical probe to the inner surface of the tube and the distance to the penetration tip can be measured, and the difference between the distance to the inner surface and the distance to the penetration tip can be calculated as the penetration depth. The height will be insufficient.
第１図は本発明方法の第１の実施例を説明するための模
式図である。なお、第４図と同一部分には同一符号を付
し詳しい説明は省略する。第１図において１０は超音波
垂直探触子であって、管３の溶接部４上に接触媒質を介
して配置されており、管３の内面に向かって接触面に対
し垂直に超音波を送信するものとなっている。この超音
波垂直探触子１０は、その下方に液層１１が設けられて
おり、かつ接触面となる探傷部１２はゴム状の材質にて
形成されている。１３は超音波探傷器であって、前記超
音波垂直探触子１ｏに所定の電圧を印加してこの探触子
１０からパルス状の超音波を発信させる機能と、この超
音波垂直探触子１ｏにて受信された超音波の受信信号を
増幅する機能と、上記超音波の伝播時間を算出する機能
とを備えたものである。１４は溶込み不足高さ演算器で
あって、上記用き波探傷器１３より得られる超音波の伝
播時間に基いて溶込み不足部６の高さを演算するもので
あり、この演算結果はＣ’ＲＴあるいはプリンタなどの
出力装置１５に出力されるものとなっている。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining a first embodiment of the method of the present invention. Note that the same parts as in FIG. 4 are given the same reference numerals and detailed explanations will be omitted. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes an ultrasonic vertical probe, which is placed on the welded part 4 of the tube 3 via a couplant, and emits ultrasonic waves perpendicular to the contact surface toward the inner surface of the tube 3. It is supposed to be sent. This vertical ultrasonic probe 10 has a liquid layer 11 provided below it, and a flaw detection section 12 serving as a contact surface is formed of a rubber-like material. Reference numeral 13 denotes an ultrasonic flaw detector, which has a function of applying a predetermined voltage to the ultrasonic vertical probe 1o to transmit pulsed ultrasonic waves from this probe 10, and this ultrasonic vertical probe. 1o, and a function to calculate the propagation time of the ultrasonic waves. Reference numeral 14 denotes an under-penetration height calculator, which calculates the height of the under-penetration portion 6 based on the propagation time of the ultrasonic waves obtained from the wave flaw detector 13, and the calculation result is as follows. The data is output to an output device 15 such as a C'RT or a printer.
このように構成された本実施例においては、先ず超音波
垂直探触子１０を溶接部４のビード上に接触媒質を介し
て配置する。そして、超音波探ｌ器１３の作用により上
記超音波垂直探触子１０から超音波を接触面に対して垂
直に送信する。そうすると、管内面Ａからの反射波ある
いは溶込み先端部Ｂ等からの反射波が受信され、超音波
探傷器１３によってそれぞれの超音波伝播時間が測定さ
れる。次いで、溶込み不足高さ演算器１４において、各
伝播時間から距離が換算され、最も長い距離すなわら管
内面Ａにて反射した超音波の伝播時間から換算された距
離の１／２の距ｗＩＣが求められると共に、最も短い距
離すなわち溶接先端Ｂにて反射した超音波の伝播時間か
ら換算された距離の１／２の距離りが求められる。そし
て、上記路１１ＪｃからＤの差が演算される。つまり、
この差が溶込み不足部６の高さＨとなるので、この高さ
Ｈは出力装置１５によって表示あるいは印字される。In this embodiment configured as described above, first, the ultrasonic vertical probe 10 is placed on the bead of the welded portion 4 via a couplant. Then, by the action of the ultrasonic probe 13, the ultrasonic vertical probe 10 transmits ultrasonic waves perpendicularly to the contact surface. Then, the reflected waves from the tube inner surface A or the reflected waves from the penetration tip B, etc. are received, and the ultrasonic flaw detector 13 measures the ultrasonic propagation time of each wave. Next, in the insufficient penetration height calculator 14, distances are converted from each propagation time, and the longest distance is 1/2 of the distance converted from the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave reflected on the tube inner surface A. wIC is determined, and the shortest distance, ie, 1/2 of the distance calculated from the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave reflected at the welding tip B, is determined. Then, the difference in D is calculated from the path 11Jc. In other words,
Since this difference becomes the height H of the insufficient penetration portion 6, this height H is displayed or printed by the output device 15.
かくして、本実施例によれば、超音波垂直探触子１０は
管内面Ａからの反射波と溶込み先端部Ｂからの反射波を
高感度に受信することができるので、溶込み不足部６の
高さＨを精度よく測定することができる。本発明者等の
測定によれば、その精度は±１ｓ以内となる。したがっ
て、溶込み不足による継手強度の状態を把握することが
でき、管３の溶接部４が切断したり、管内から漏洩が生
じたりするといった事故を未然に防止することができる
。また、この超音波垂直探触子１０の場合、反射波の受
信感度は管厚の厚みには影響されないので、ガス配管等
のように管厚が薄い場合であっても高感度に反射波を受
信できる。したがって、特にガス配管等の管厚が薄い管
の溶込み不足高さ測定方法として好適である。また、本
発明は超音波探關法により測定を行なっているので、従
来の放射線透過試験法と比して短時間に測定可能で、か
つ放射線障害などが生じるおそれは全くない。Thus, according to this embodiment, the ultrasonic vertical probe 10 can receive the reflected waves from the inner surface A of the tube and the reflected waves from the penetration tip B with high sensitivity, so that the insufficient penetration part 6 The height H of can be measured with high accuracy. According to measurements made by the inventors, the accuracy is within ±1 s. Therefore, the state of joint strength due to insufficient penetration can be grasped, and accidents such as breakage of the welded portion 4 of the pipe 3 or leakage from inside the pipe can be prevented. In addition, in the case of this vertical ultrasonic probe 10, the reception sensitivity of reflected waves is not affected by the thickness of the pipe, so even if the pipe thickness is thin, such as in gas piping, the reflected waves can be received with high sensitivity. Can receive. Therefore, it is particularly suitable as a method for measuring the insufficient penetration height of thin pipes such as gas pipes. Furthermore, since the present invention performs measurement using an ultrasonic probe method, it can be measured in a shorter time than conventional radiographic testing methods, and there is no risk of radiation damage occurring.
さらに、本実茄例では超音波垂直探触子１０の接触面と
なる探傷部１２をゴム状の材質によって形成している。Furthermore, in this example, the flaw detection part 12, which becomes the contact surface of the ultrasonic vertical probe 10, is formed of a rubber-like material.
したがって、溶接部４との接触状態は良好であり、接触
不良による精度低下をＩＢ ＜おそれはない。Therefore, the contact state with the welded portion 4 is good, and there is no risk of accuracy deterioration due to poor contact.
ところで、上記実施例では管３の中心軸が水平に接合さ
れた場合の溶込み不足高さ測定方法について説明したが
、一般には上記中心軸がずれた状態で接合される場合が
多い。第２図はこのような場合の溶込み不足高さ測定方
法を説明するための図であって、図中２０は中心軸がず
れた状態の管である。このような管２ｏの溶込み不足部
２１の高さｈを測定する場合には、予め管２０の溶接部
２２に対し両側の厚みＴ１．Ｔ２を超音波厚み計により
測定し、かつ溶接部２２の余盛高さＬｌ。Incidentally, in the above embodiment, a method for measuring the insufficient penetration height has been described when the central axes of the tubes 3 are joined horizontally, but in general, the pipes are often joined with the central axes deviated from each other. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the method of measuring the insufficient penetration height in such a case, and 20 in the figure is a tube whose center axis is shifted. When measuring the height h of the insufficient penetration part 21 of the pipe 2o, the thickness T1. T2 is measured using an ultrasonic thickness gauge, and the additional height Ll of the welded portion 22 is measured.
Ｌ２を型取りゲージにより測定して、溶込み不足高さ演
算器２３に入力する。そして、この溶込み不足高さ演陣
器２３にて溶接部２２のずれ量いわゆる目違いＭを次式
から算出する。すなわちＭ＝ ｌ Ｔ１＋Ｌ１− （Ｔ
２＋１２）１一方、前記第１の実施例と同様にして、超
音波探傷器１３の作用により溶接部２２上に配置した超
音波垂直探触子１０から送信される超音波の伝播時間を
求め、溶込み不足高さ演算器２３にて最長時間となる距
ｗｉＣと最短時間となる距！１１Ｄとから高さＨを求め
る。その結果、高さＨから目違いＭを減算することによ
り溶込み不足高さｈが算出されるので、これを出力装置
１５に出力する。L2 is measured using a molding gauge and input to the insufficient penetration height calculator 23. Then, the amount of deviation, so-called misalignment M, of the welded portion 22 is calculated using the insufficient penetration height calculation device 23 from the following equation. That is, M= l T1+L1− (T
2+12)1 Meanwhile, in the same manner as in the first embodiment, the propagation time of the ultrasonic waves transmitted from the vertical ultrasonic probe 10 placed on the welding part 22 is determined by the action of the ultrasonic flaw detector 13, The distance wiC that takes the longest time and the distance that takes the shortest time in the insufficient penetration height calculator 23! The height H is determined from 11D. As a result, the insufficient penetration height h is calculated by subtracting the misalignment M from the height H, and this is output to the output device 15.
かくして、本実施例によれば、中心軸がずれて接合され
た管２０においても、超音波垂直探傷法により溶込み不
足高さを高精度に測定することができる。したがって、
前記第１の実施例と同様な効果を奏し得る。なお、この
場合、管２０の継手強度は溶込み不足高さｈと目遠いＭ
との和によって算出され、溶込み不足高さｈが低くても
目違いＭが大き′いと継手強度は小さくなる。し゛たが
って、管２０の継手強度を検査する場合にはこのことを
考慮して検査する必要がある。Thus, according to this embodiment, the height of insufficient penetration can be measured with high precision by the ultrasonic vertical flaw detection method even in the pipes 20 joined with their central axes shifted. therefore,
The same effects as the first embodiment can be achieved. In this case, the joint strength of the pipe 20 is far from the insufficient penetration height h.
Even if the insufficient penetration height h is low, if the misalignment M is large, the joint strength will be low. Therefore, when inspecting the joint strength of the pipe 20, it is necessary to take this into consideration.
なお、本発明は前記実施例に限定されるものではない。Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.
例えば、前記実施例では超音波垂直探触子１０として下
方に液層１１を有し、かつ探傷部１２をゴム状の材質に
て形成したものを適用した場合を示したが、被接触面す
なわち溶接部４の表面と良好な接触関係が得られるもの
であれば、これに限定されるものではない。このほか、
本発明の要旨を越えない範囲で種々変形実施可能である
のは勿論である。For example, in the embodiment described above, the vertical ultrasonic probe 10 has a liquid layer 11 below and the flaw detection part 12 is made of a rubber-like material. The material is not limited to this, as long as a good contact relationship with the surface of the welded portion 4 can be obtained. other than this,
Of course, various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
（発明の効果）
以上詳述したように、本発明は、管溶接部上に超音波垂
直探触子を配置し、この超音波垂直探触子から管内面に
向かって接触面に対し垂直に超音波を送信し、この超音
波の伝播時間に基いて前記溶接部の溶込み不足高さを演
算するようにしたものである。(Effects of the Invention) As described in detail above, the present invention has an ultrasonic vertical probe disposed on a pipe weld, and the ultrasonic vertical probe extends perpendicularly to the contact surface toward the inner surface of the pipe. Ultrasonic waves are transmitted, and the insufficient penetration height of the welded portion is calculated based on the propagation time of the ultrasonic waves.
したがって、本発明によれば、超音波垂直探触子から管
内面までの距離と溶込み先端までの距離が測定され、内
面までの距離と溶込み先端までの距離との差が溶込み不
足高さとなるので、短時間でかつ高Ｍ度に溶込み不足高
さを測定することができる管溶接部の溶込み不足高さ測
定方法を提供できる。Therefore, according to the present invention, the distance from the ultrasonic vertical probe to the inner surface of the tube and the distance to the penetration tip are measured, and the difference between the distance to the inner surface and the distance to the penetration tip is the insufficient penetration height. Therefore, it is possible to provide a method for measuring the insufficient penetration height of a pipe welded part, which can measure the insufficient penetration height in a short time and with a high M degree.
第１図は本発明方法の第１の実施例を説明するための模
式図、第２図は本発明方法の第２の実施例を説明するた
めの模式図、第３図および第４図は従来例を説明するた
めの模式図である。
３．２０・・・管、４．２２・・・溶接部、６．２１・
・・溶込み不足部、１０・・・超音波垂直探触子、１３
・・・超音波探傷器、１４．２３・・・溶込み不足高さ
演算器、１５・・・出力装置。
出願人代理人 弁理士 鈴江武彦
第１図
第２Ｉ！１FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining the first embodiment of the method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the second embodiment of the method of the present invention, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining a conventional example. 3.20...Pipe, 4.22...Welded part, 6.21.
...Insufficient penetration area, 10...Ultrasonic vertical probe, 13
...Ultrasonic flaw detector, 14.23...Insufficient penetration height calculator, 15...Output device. Applicant's agent Patent attorney Takehiko Suzue Figure 1, Figure 2I! 1
Claims (1)
直探触子から管内面に向かって接触面に対し垂直に超音
波を送信し、この超音波の伝播時間に基いて前記溶接部
の溶込み不足高さを演算するようにしたことを特徴とす
る管溶接部の溶込み不足高さ測定方法。An ultrasonic vertical probe is placed on the tube weld, and ultrasonic waves are transmitted from this ultrasonic vertical probe toward the inner surface of the tube perpendicular to the contact surface, and based on the propagation time of this ultrasonic wave, A method for measuring the height of insufficient penetration of a pipe welded part, characterized in that the height of insufficient penetration of the welded part is calculated.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60210307A JPS6270706A (en) | 1985-09-25 | 1985-09-25 | Method for measuring deficient depth of penetration of pipe welded art |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60210307A JPS6270706A (en) | 1985-09-25 | 1985-09-25 | Method for measuring deficient depth of penetration of pipe welded art |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6270706A true JPS6270706A (en) | 1987-04-01 |
Family
ID=16587240
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60210307A Pending JPS6270706A (en) | 1985-09-25 | 1985-09-25 | Method for measuring deficient depth of penetration of pipe welded art |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6270706A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6959003B1 (en) | 1998-09-22 | 2005-10-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Serial transmission path switching system |
| WO2016024468A1 (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2016-02-18 | Ntn株式会社 | Device for inspecting junction-type outer joint member of constant velocity universal joint |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5421372A (en) * | 1977-07-18 | 1979-02-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | Measuring apparatus of bead cut shapes of inside surface of pipes |
-
1985
- 1985-09-25 JP JP60210307A patent/JPS6270706A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5421372A (en) * | 1977-07-18 | 1979-02-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | Measuring apparatus of bead cut shapes of inside surface of pipes |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6959003B1 (en) | 1998-09-22 | 2005-10-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Serial transmission path switching system |
| WO2016024468A1 (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2016-02-18 | Ntn株式会社 | Device for inspecting junction-type outer joint member of constant velocity universal joint |
| US10761065B2 (en) | 2014-08-12 | 2020-09-01 | Ntn Corporation | Device for inspecting junction-type outer joint member of constant velocity universal joint |
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