JPS626144A - Photoelectric type smoke sensor - Google Patents

Photoelectric type smoke sensor

Info

Publication number
JPS626144A
JPS626144A JP60144658A JP14465885A JPS626144A JP S626144 A JPS626144 A JP S626144A JP 60144658 A JP60144658 A JP 60144658A JP 14465885 A JP14465885 A JP 14465885A JP S626144 A JPS626144 A JP S626144A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
light
scattering member
light scattering
outside
smoke
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP60144658A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0424654B2 (en
Inventor
Tetsuo Kimura
木村　徹男
Akihiro Kobayashi
小林　章浩
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nittan Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nittan Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nittan Co Ltd filed Critical Nittan Co Ltd
Priority to JP60144658A priority Critical patent/JPS626144A/en
Priority to GB8615548A priority patent/GB2177505B/en
Publication of JPS626144A publication Critical patent/JPS626144A/en
Publication of JPH0424654B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0424654B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To adjust the sensitivity in a state that the whole containing a black box has been assembled, by providing a light scattering member which can adjust a scattering quantity of light, on the outside of a smoke detecting area. CONSTITUTION:A light source L and a photodetector P are fixed by a holding part H. In an area to which light from the light source L is irradiated directly, an area which enters into a visual field from the photodetector P forms a smoke detecting area D. In a position separated from the smoke detecting area D, a light scattering member S is placed, and it can be moved by an operating bar T which has communicated to the outside of a black box A. When the light scattering member S is moved forward gradually, an output of the photodetector P increases very slowly. It is because the light scattering member S has been provided on the outside of the smoke detecting area D, and since a ratio of an output variation is slow in this way, the sensitivity can be adjusted very minutely.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 この発明は、光源と、平常時この光源からの光が直接照
射しないように配置された受光器とからなる光学系を暗
箱に設け、妙による光源からの散乱光を検出することに
より煙を感知する形式の光電式煙感知器に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] This invention provides an optical system consisting of a light source and a light receiver arranged so that the light from the light source is not directly irradiated in normal conditions, in a dark box. The present invention relates to a photoelectric smoke detector that detects smoke by detecting scattered light from a light source.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

従来より上記のような形成の光電式煙感知器の感度調整
を施す方法として、いくつかの方法が提案されている◎ 例えば、この出願の出願人に係わる特願昭５９−１８９
６９　時（昭和５９年９月１２日出願「火災感知器」）
には、第５図に示すような閾値調整回路（１）゛を有す
る火災感知器が示されている。すなわち、　　　□光源
〔図示せず〕からの光が煙によって散乱され　　　゛る
と、その散乱光が受光器（Ｐ）に入射し、増幅器　　　
□によって増幅された後にコンデンサ（２）に出力信　
　　１号として充電される。この増幅器とコンデンサ（
２）との間に設けられたスイッチ手段は、光源側との１
可 馬期をとるだめのものである。コンデンサ（２）への充
電電荷量は、煙による散乱光量に比例するわけで、この
コンデンサ（２）の電位をＦＥＴによジインピーダンス
変換したのち、トランジスタ（３）により増幅する。こ
のトランジスタ（３）の出力側に接続されているのが閾
値調整回路（１）である。Several methods have been proposed in the past for adjusting the sensitivity of photoelectric smoke detectors configured as described above.
69 o'clock ("Fire detector" filed on September 12, 1980)
5 shows a fire detector having a threshold value adjustment circuit (1) as shown in FIG. In other words, □When light from a light source (not shown) is scattered by smoke, the scattered light enters the receiver (P), and the amplifier
The output signal is sent to the capacitor (2) after being amplified by □.
It is charged as No. 1. This amplifier and capacitor (
2) The switch means provided between 1 and the light source side
It is a waste of time. The amount of charge charged to the capacitor (2) is proportional to the amount of light scattered by the smoke, so the potential of the capacitor (2) is diimpedance converted by an FET and then amplified by a transistor (3). A threshold adjustment circuit (1) is connected to the output side of this transistor (3).

この閾値調整回路（１）によシ調整を行なうと、破線（
Ａ＋）あるいは（Ａ２）で示される各特性曲線は、矢印
（ａＩ）または（ａ２）で示されるように横軸方向に平
行移動して、出力電圧が上昇を開始する煙濃度点が既定
値（Ｓｏ）になるようにすることができる。When the threshold value adjustment circuit (1) is used for adjustment, the broken line (
Each characteristic curve indicated by A+) or (A2) moves in parallel in the horizontal axis direction as indicated by the arrow (aI) or (a2), and the smoke density point at which the output voltage starts rising reaches the default value ( So).

この既定値（Ｓｏ　）を感知器の動作点とする従来形式
のオン・オフ式の感知器については、上記のような調整
により感度調整を行なうことができるが、しかし、最近
では煙き度に対応する出力電圧を連続的に出力するとこ
ろのいわゆるアナログ式感知器が多用され、これに伴い
煙濃度−出力電圧特性曲線の傾きも一定の勾配とするこ
とが要求される。For conventional on/off type sensors that use this default value (So) as the operating point of the sensor, the sensitivity can be adjusted by the adjustment described above. So-called analog sensors that continuously output a corresponding output voltage are often used, and accordingly, the slope of the smoke concentration-output voltage characteristic curve is required to be constant.

そこで、分圧器（４）により調整を行なうと、破線（Ｂ
ｔ）あるいは（Ｂ２）で示される異なった傾きを有する
特性曲線は、矢印（ｂｓ）または（Ｂ２）で示されるよ
うに横軸上の既定値（Ｓｏ）を中心として回転移動する
。この調整を行なうことにょシ、未だ勾配が不揃いであ
った各特性曲線は、所定の特性曲線（Ｃ）の勾配と一致
させることができる。Therefore, when adjusting with the voltage divider (4), the broken line (B
The characteristic curves with different slopes, indicated by t) or (B2), are rotated around a default value (So) on the horizontal axis, as indicated by the arrows (bs) or (B2). By performing this adjustment, the characteristic curves whose slopes are still uneven can be made to match the slope of the predetermined characteristic curve (C).

〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

最近の火災感知器は、性能の向上、デザイン上の制約あ
るいは全体形状の小型化等から、暗箱を含めた全体を組
み上げた状態では上記のような調整を行なうのは困難で
ある。そこで、組み立で途上において、組み上げたとき
と同等の性状を呈する疑似の暗箱を用いて上記の調整を
施すわけであるが、実際上は疑似暗箱と組み上げた後の
暗箱との間には多少の相違があり、この相違に基づく調
整不良が発生した場合には、再度感知器を分解し、調整
をやり直さなければならないという問題があった。Due to improved performance, design constraints, and miniaturization of the overall shape of modern fire detectors, it is difficult to make the above adjustments when the entire structure including the dark box is assembled. Therefore, during assembly, the above adjustments are made using a pseudo dark box that exhibits the same properties as when assembled, but in reality there is some difference between the pseudo dark box and the assembled dark box. If there is a difference and a maladjustment occurs due to this difference, there is a problem in that the sensor must be disassembled again and the adjustment must be made again.

〔問題点を解決するための手段〕[Means for solving problems]

この発明による光電式煙感知器は、光源と受光器との間
に形成される検煙領域の外に、暗箱外部より光の散乱量
を調整することのできる光散乱部材を設けることにより
、上記問題点を解決したものである。The photoelectric smoke detector according to the present invention has a light scattering member that can adjust the amount of light scattering from outside the dark box outside the smoke detection area formed between the light source and the light receiver. This solves the problem.

〔作用〕[Effect]

すなわち、暗箱を含めた全体を組み上げた状態で、検煙
領域外に位置する光散乱部材を暗箱外部より調整するこ
とにより、光源より照射され、暗箱内部で多重反射され
た後に受光器に到達するところのいわゆるノイズ光の量
を微妙に変化させ、これにより煙濃度−出力電圧特性曲
線を煙濃度軸に対して平行移動させて感度調整を行なう
。In other words, by adjusting the light scattering member located outside the smoke detection area from outside the dark box with the entire assembly including the dark box, the light is irradiated from the light source and reaches the receiver after multiple reflections inside the dark box. However, the sensitivity is adjusted by subtly changing the amount of so-called noise light, thereby moving the smoke density-output voltage characteristic curve parallel to the smoke density axis.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

！４１図は、この発明による光電式煙感知器の一実施例
における要部の中央縦断面図であって、光源（Ｌ）と受
光器（ｐ）とは、保持具（Ｈ）　Ｋより所定の位置関係
に固定されている。この保持具（Ｈ）は、光源（Ｌ）か
らの光が受光器（Ｐ）に直接照射しないようにする遮光
体の役割も担っている。光源（Ｌ）からの光が直接照射
する領域の内、受光器（Ｐ）からの視野内に入る領域が
検煙領域（Ｄ）を形成する。! FIG. 41 is a central longitudinal cross-sectional view of the main parts of an embodiment of the photoelectric smoke detector according to the present invention, in which the light source (L) and the light receiver (p) are arranged at a predetermined distance from the holder (H) K. fixed in position. This holder (H) also plays the role of a light shield that prevents light from the light source (L) from directly irradiating the light receiver (P). Among the regions directly irradiated with light from the light source (L), the region within the field of view from the light receiver (P) forms a smoke detection region (D).

この検煙領域（Ｄ）周囲は、外界からの煙の侵入を許す
が、外光の侵入は遮断する暗箱（Ａ）により囲繞されて
いる。検煙領域（Ｄ）を外された位置には光散乱部材（
Ｓ）となるゴム片が配置されている。This smoke detection area (D) is surrounded by a dark box (A) that allows smoke from the outside to enter, but blocks outside light from entering. A light scattering member (
A rubber piece S) is arranged.

この光散乱部材（Ｓ）と保持具（Ｈ）との平面的な位置
関係は、断面図の上部に示しであるように、光散乱部材
（Ｓ）が保持具（Ｈ）の斜め後方に位置するように配置
されている。光散乱部材は、ゴム製でなくとも任意の材
質を用いることができるが、この実施例においては、使
用した暗箱に収まる形状のゴム片があったので、これを
光散乱部材とした。光散乱部材（Ｓ）は、暗箱（Ａ）の
外部に連通した操作棒（Ｔ）と連結されており、操作棒
（’ｌ”　）と連動して移動するように構成されている
。The two-dimensional positional relationship between the light scattering member (S) and the holder (H) is such that the light scattering member (S) is located diagonally rearward of the holder (H), as shown in the upper part of the cross-sectional view. It is arranged so that The light scattering member may be made of any material other than rubber, but in this example, there was a piece of rubber that fit in the dark box used, so this was used as the light scattering member. The light scattering member (S) is connected to an operating rod (T) that communicates with the outside of the dark box (A), and is configured to move in conjunction with the operating rod ('l'').

上記のように構成されたこの発明にょる光電式煙感知器
において、光源（Ｌ）を点灯した状態における光散乱部
材（Ｓ）の移動量と受光器（Ｐ）の出方との関係を示し
たのが第２図のグラフであって、横軸方向には受光器（
Ｐ）の出力が変化を呈する位置を原点とする移動距離を
示してあシ、縦軸方向には移動位置に対応する受光器（
Ｐ）の出力を示しである。そこで、光散乱部材（Ｓ）を
暗箱（Ａ）中央から後退させた位置より徐々に前進させ
てゆくと、受光器（Ｐ）の出力は曲線（Ｍ）に示すよう
に次第に上昇する。この移動量に対する出力の増加量は
、極めて穏やかなものであって、これは光散乱部材（Ｓ
）を検煙領域（Ｄ）の外に設けたことに起因するところ
が太きい。この様子をより明瞭とするために、第３図に
示すような光散乱部材（Ｓ）を検煙領域（Ｄ）内に位買
させて同様の測定を行なった。In the photoelectric smoke detector according to the present invention configured as described above, the relationship between the amount of movement of the light scattering member (S) and the direction of the light receiver (P) when the light source (L) is turned on is shown. This is the graph in Figure 2, where the horizontal axis shows the receiver (
The graph shows the moving distance from the origin at the position where the output of P) changes, and the vertical axis shows the distance of the light receiver (
The output of P) is shown below. Therefore, when the light scattering member (S) is gradually advanced from the position retreated from the center of the dark box (A), the output of the light receiver (P) gradually increases as shown by the curve (M). The amount of increase in output with respect to this amount of movement is extremely moderate, and this is due to the light scattering member (S
) is located outside the smoke detection area (D). In order to clarify this situation, a similar measurement was performed using a light scattering member (S) as shown in FIG. 3 placed within the smoke detection area (D).

すると、光散乱部材（Ｓ）の移動量に対して受光器（Ｐ
）の出力は曲線（Ｎ）に示すように急硬な変化を呈する
。この光散乱部材（Ｓ）の移動−１−に対する受光器Ｃ
Ｐ’）の出力変化の割合は、感度調整の難易に直接影響
する。すなわち、この出力変化の割合が緩やかであれば
あるほど、感度砕整が容易となる。Then, the light receiver (P
) shows a sudden change as shown by the curve (N). Light receiver C for movement-1- of this light scattering member (S)
The rate of change in the output of P') directly affects the difficulty of sensitivity adjustment. That is, the slower the rate of this output change, the easier the sensitivity adjustment becomes.

上記実施例では、光散乱部材（Ｓ）が操作棒（Ｔ）の操
作に連動して前進・後退するようＫしたが、この発明は
光散乱部材を他の構成により設けることによっても達成
することができる。例えば、第４図には光散乱部材（Ｓ
）を小円板とし、操作棒（Ｔ）の操作に連動して回転さ
せて散乱量を調整するのである。感度調整は、操作棒（
Ｔ）の操作端に設けられた頭部（ＴＡ）の溝（ＴＭ）に
ドライバを宛てがい、回転させることにより行なう。In the above embodiment, the light scattering member (S) moves forward and backward in conjunction with the operation of the operating rod (T), but the present invention can also be achieved by providing the light scattering member with other configurations. I can do it. For example, in FIG.
) is a small disk, which is rotated in conjunction with the operation of the operating rod (T) to adjust the amount of scattering. To adjust the sensitivity, use the operating rod (
This is done by placing a screwdriver in the groove (TM) of the head (TA) provided at the operating end of the T) and rotating it.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

以上のように、この発明による光電式煙感知器は、光源
と受光器との間に形成される検煙領域の外に、暗箱外部
より光の散乱量を調整することのできる光散乱部材を設
けたので、暗箱を含めた全体を組み上げた状態で感度調
整を行なうことができ、しかもその調整は極めて微細に
行なうことができるので、最近多用されるとζろのアナ
ログ式煙感知器にあっても極めて特性の揃った感知器を
容易に量産することを可能とした。As described above, the photoelectric smoke detector according to the present invention includes a light scattering member that can adjust the amount of light scattering from outside the dark box, outside the smoke detection area formed between the light source and the light receiver. Because of this, the sensitivity can be adjusted while the entire assembly including the dark box is assembled, and the adjustment can be made extremely finely. This made it possible to easily mass-produce sensors with extremely uniform characteristics.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図はこの発明による光電式煙感知器の一実施例にお
ける要部の中央縦断面図、第２図は光散乱部材の移動量
と受光器の出力との関係を示すグラフ、第３図はこの発
明による光電式煙感知器の特性と対比するために用いる
光電式煙感知器の要部中央縦断面図、第４図はこの発明
による光電式　　□煙感知器の他の実施例における要部
の中央縦断面図、第５図は従来より提案されている餌値
調整回路を有する火災感知器の回路図、第６図は第５図
の火災感知器における煙濃度と出力電圧との関係を示す
特性グラフである。 Ｌ・・・光源、Ｐ・・・受光器、Ｄ・・・検煙領域、Ａ
・・・暗箱Ｓ・・・光散乱部材 特許出願人　　ニッタン株式会社 第４図FIG. 1 is a central vertical sectional view of the main parts of an embodiment of the photoelectric smoke detector according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of movement of the light scattering member and the output of the light receiver, and FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the main part of the photoelectric smoke detector used for comparison with the characteristics of the photoelectric smoke detector according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a main part of another embodiment of the photoelectric smoke detector according to the present invention. Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of a fire detector with a bait value adjustment circuit that has been proposed in the past, and Figure 6 is the relationship between smoke concentration and output voltage in the fire detector shown in Figure 5. It is a characteristic graph showing. L...Light source, P...Receiver, D...Smoke detection area, A
... Dark box S ... Light scattering member patent applicant Nittan Co., Ltd. Figure 4

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 光源と受光器との間に形成される検煙領域を暗箱内に設
け、該検煙領域に流入した煙による上記光源からの光の
散乱光を上記受光器で受光して出力する光電式煙感知器
において、上記検煙領域外に上記暗箱外部より光の散乱
量を調整することのできる光散乱部材を設けたことを特
徴とする光電式煙感知器。A smoke detection area formed between a light source and a light receiver is provided in a dark box, and the light receiver receives and outputs scattered light from the light source caused by smoke flowing into the smoke detection area. A photoelectric smoke detector, characterized in that a light scattering member is provided outside the smoke detection area and is capable of adjusting the amount of light scattering from outside the dark box.
JP60144658A 1985-07-03 1985-07-03 Photoelectric type smoke sensor Granted JPS626144A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60144658A JPS626144A (en) 1985-07-03 1985-07-03 Photoelectric type smoke sensor
GB8615548A GB2177505B (en) 1985-07-03 1986-06-25 Photoelectric smoke detectors

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60144658A JPS626144A (en) 1985-07-03 1985-07-03 Photoelectric type smoke sensor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS626144A true JPS626144A (en) 1987-01-13
JPH0424654B2 JPH0424654B2 (en) 1992-04-27

Family

ID=15367211

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP60144658A Granted JPS626144A (en) 1985-07-03 1985-07-03 Photoelectric type smoke sensor

Country Status (2)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS626144A (en)
GB (1) GB2177505B (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3330438B2 (en) * 1993-12-16 2002-09-30 能美防災株式会社 Smoke detector and its adjusting device

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1434658A (en) * 1972-12-27 1976-05-05 Electro Signal Lab Optical particle detectors with light scattering test device
JPS50134172A (en) * 1974-04-17 1975-10-24
US4216377A (en) * 1977-06-27 1980-08-05 Nittan Company, Limited Light scattering smoke detector
AU516023B2 (en) * 1977-11-29 1981-05-14 Chloride Inc Smoke detector
US4488049A (en) * 1981-11-09 1984-12-11 American District Telegraph Company Moving wall test device in optical smoke detectors
CH656474A5 (en) * 1981-11-11 1986-06-30 Cerberus Ag SMOKE DETECTOR.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2177505B (en) 1989-07-12
JPH0424654B2 (en) 1992-04-27
GB8615548D0 (en) 1986-07-30
GB2177505A (en) 1987-01-21

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