JPS6259980A - Image forming device - Google Patents

Image forming device

Info

Publication number
JPS6259980A
JPS6259980A JP60198541A JP19854185A JPS6259980A JP S6259980 A JPS6259980 A JP S6259980A JP 60198541 A JP60198541 A JP 60198541A JP 19854185 A JP19854185 A JP 19854185A JP S6259980 A JPS6259980 A JP S6259980A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
charger
control
control part
current
charging current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP60198541A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0721671B2 (en
Inventor
Koji Suzuki
鈴木 孝二
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Priority to JP60198541A priority Critical patent/JPH0721671B2/en
Publication of JPS6259980A publication Critical patent/JPS6259980A/en
Publication of JPH0721671B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0721671B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PURPOSE:To prolong the life of an electrostatic charger and to reduce the size of a power source by providing a device which controls the amount of fed electricity measured corresponding to the number of times of image formation. CONSTITUTION:A control part 9 is provided with a counter and when a command for varying the applied current of a primary electrostatic charger 2 is inputted to the control part 9 from a control system which is not shown in a figure, the control part 9 inputs the number N of times of copying from the counter. Then, the control part 9 calculates a primary charging current I1 from a control equation I1=I0+KN, where I0 is the initial value (last value) of the primary charging current and K is a coefficient of correction. Then, this current I1 is flowed to the charger 2 and a surface potential sensor 3 measures the dark part potential V0 on a photosensitive drum 1. Namely, reflected light 10 from an original is cut off and when the unexposed surface potential of the photosensitive body is measured, the measured quantity is digitized by an A/D converter 72 and inputted to the control part 9. Then, the control part 9 find the corrected value DELTAVG of the grid voltage V0 of the charger 2 from an equation. In this case, alpha is coefficient of control and VD0 is the potential of a target dark part.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 [産業上の利用分野] 本発明は画像形成装置、特に帯電器により感光体を帯電
させる構成を有する画像形成装置に関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus, and particularly to an image forming apparatus having a configuration in which a photoreceptor is charged by a charger.

[従来の技術] 上記の構成は現在レーザービームプリンタや複写機に広
く用いられているものである。この種の装置では、露光
前に感光体を一様に帯電させる、あるいはトナーを転写
するために帯電器が用いられる。
[Prior Art] The above configuration is currently widely used in laser beam printers and copying machines. In this type of apparatus, a charger is used to uniformly charge the photoreceptor before exposure or to transfer toner.

従来より、帯電器のワイヤ、グリッド、あるいはシール
ド筐体のトナーなどによる汚染、経時変化に起因する画
像劣化を防止するため、帯電電流を定電流化する方式が
普及している。
BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, in order to prevent image deterioration due to aging and contamination of the charger's wire, grid, or shield housing by toner, etc., a method of making the charging current a constant current has been widely used.

一方、従来では感光ドラムの寿命が短く、比較的短いサ
イクルで定期的に保守を行なわねばならなかったが、近
年では感光ドラムそのものの改み、表面電位制御による
ドラム寿命の延びにより保守回数が削減される傾向があ
り、帯電器の汚れという問題が注目されてきた。すなわ
ち、従来の短い保守サイクルでは帯電器は度々清掃を受
けることができたが、保守サイクルが長くなるにつれて
、画像処理の高速化もあいまって帯電器に残る汚れによ
る画像劣化が生じた。
On the other hand, in the past, photosensitive drums had a short lifespan and required regular maintenance in relatively short cycles, but in recent years, improvements to the photosensitive drum itself and extension of drum life through surface potential control have reduced the number of maintenance cycles. The problem of dirty chargers has been attracting attention. That is, in the conventional short maintenance cycle, the charger could be cleaned frequently, but as the maintenance cycle became longer, image deterioration occurred due to dirt remaining on the charger due to faster image processing.

[発明が解決しようとする問題点] 従来では、この帯電器の汚れによる画像劣化の影響を少
なくするためには帯電電流を増加させる以外の対策が見
つかっていない。帯電電流を増加させ、放電コロナ量が
増えると、帯電器の放電電極(ワイヤ)グリッドへの異
物付着スピードが速くなるが、汚れによる放電への影響
を少なくできるからである。
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Conventionally, no countermeasure other than increasing the charging current has been found in order to reduce the influence of image deterioration due to dirt on the charger. This is because when the charging current is increased and the amount of discharge corona is increased, the speed at which foreign matter adheres to the discharge electrode (wire) grid of the charger increases, but the influence of dirt on discharge can be reduced.

ところが、このような方式によれば、使用開始直後の汚
染のない状態では大きな帯電電流は帯電器の汚れを助長
するだけであるし、電流増大のため高圧電源の容量を増
やさねばならず装置が大型化し、コストアップしやすい
という欠点があった。
However, according to such a method, a large charging current only accelerates the contamination of the charger in an uncontaminated state immediately after the start of use, and the capacity of the high-voltage power supply must be increased to increase the current, which causes equipment problems. The drawback is that it tends to be larger and more expensive.

[問題点を解決するための手段] 以上の問題を解決するため、本発明においては、コロナ
放電による帯電制御を行なう帯電手段を有する画像形成
装置において、画像形成回数に対応する物理量を検出す
る手段と、この手段が測定した画像形成数に応じて帯電
手段に対する給電量を制御する手段を設けた構成を採用
した。
[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides means for detecting a physical quantity corresponding to the number of times of image formation in an image forming apparatus having a charging means that performs charging control using corona discharge. A configuration is adopted in which means is provided for controlling the amount of power supplied to the charging means in accordance with the number of images formed by this means.

[作 用] このような構成により、画像形成にともなって生じる帯
電器の汚れに応じた帯電電流を与えることができ、帯電
器の汚れによる画像劣化を防止することができる。
[Function] With this configuration, it is possible to apply a charging current according to the dirt on the charger that occurs during image formation, and it is possible to prevent image deterioration due to dirt on the charger.

[実施例] 以下、図面に示す実施例に基づき本発明の詳細な説明す
る。
[Example] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on the example shown in the drawings.

第1図は本発明の画像形成装置の一例として複写機の構
成を示しており、図において符号1は円周上にCdsな
どの感光体を有する感光ドラムである。感光ドラム1の
円周面に沿って、1次帯電器2)帯’Qltffi検出
のための表面電位センサ3、トナー現像のための現像ロ
ーラ5、転写帯電器4が配置される。
FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a copying machine as an example of an image forming apparatus according to the present invention, and in the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a photosensitive drum having a photosensitive member such as CDS on its circumference. Along the circumferential surface of the photosensitive drum 1, a primary charger 2) a surface potential sensor 3 for detecting the belt 'Qltffi, a developing roller 5 for toner development, and a transfer charger 4 are arranged.

これらの部材は、装置全体の動作を制御するためマイク
ロコンピュータなどから構成された制御部9に接続され
る。各部材の高圧の給電制御は符号81.82.83お
よび84で示されるD/A変換器と符号61.62.6
3および64で示される高圧出カニニットを介して行な
われる。また、表面電位センサ3の検出量はA/D変換
器72を介して制御部9に送られる。
These members are connected to a control section 9 composed of a microcomputer or the like to control the operation of the entire apparatus. High-voltage power supply control for each member is performed by D/A converters indicated by symbols 81.82.83 and 84 and by symbols 61.62.6.
3 and 64 through high pressure extraction crab knits. Further, the amount detected by the surface potential sensor 3 is sent to the control section 9 via the A/D converter 72.

特に、1次帯電器2の放電電極およびグリッド2の印加
電力はそれぞれ2つのD/A変換器81.82および高
圧出力ユニッ)61.62により制御される。
In particular, the applied power to the discharge electrode of the primary charger 2 and the grid 2 is controlled by two D/A converters 81.82 and a high voltage output unit 61.62, respectively.

画像形成は、まず1次帯電器2により感光ドラム1を一
様に帯電させ、次に原稿の反射光10をドラムに当てて
静電潜像を形成し、この潜像を現像ローラ5によりトナ
ー現像し、感光ドラム1上のトナーを転写帯電器4によ
り転写することによって行なう。
Image formation begins by uniformly charging the photosensitive drum 1 with the primary charger 2, and then applying the reflected light 10 of the document to the drum to form an electrostatic latent image. This is done by developing and transferring the toner on the photosensitive drum 1 using a transfer charger 4.

第2図は1次帯電器2の放電電極用の高圧出カニニット
61の構成を示している0図においそ符号TIは昇圧用
のトランスで、その1次側巻線の一端は抵抗R1、コン
デンサCIから成るローパスフィルタを介して低圧の電
源電圧Vccに接続され、他端をスイッチングトランジ
スタTriによりオン/オフすることにより2次巻線に
昇圧された高圧の交流を得るためのものである。エミッ
タ接地のトランジスタTriのコレフタルエミッタには
共振用のコンデンサC2と保護用ダイオードD2が接続
しである。スイッチングトランジスタTriのオン/オ
フは発振器Q4により制御される。
Figure 2 shows the configuration of the high voltage output capacitor 61 for the discharge electrode of the primary charger 2. It is connected to a low power supply voltage Vcc through a low-pass filter composed of CI, and the other end is turned on/off by a switching transistor Tri to obtain a boosted high voltage alternating current to the secondary winding. A resonant capacitor C2 and a protection diode D2 are connected to the corephthal emitter of the emitter-grounded transistor Tri. On/off of the switching transistor Tri is controlled by an oscillator Q4.

2次側出力は整流、平滑用のダイオードD1とコンデン
サC3により直流に変換され、火花防止用の抵抗R4を
介して端子Piから1次帯電器2の放電電極に印加され
る。
The secondary output is converted into direct current by a rectifying and smoothing diode D1 and a capacitor C3, and is applied to the discharge electrode of the primary charger 2 from a terminal Pi via a spark prevention resistor R4.

帯1r!、電流ipは、帯電器に対する接地電位の端子
P2と2次巻線の低圧側に接続された抵抗R5の端子電
圧変化として取り出される。抵抗R5と並列接続された
コンデンサC5はデカップリング用のコンデンサである
。検出電圧は誤差増幅器Q2に入力され、端子P3を介
して制御部9から入力される所定の帯電電流に対応した
電圧値との誤差増幅器がパルス幅変調器(以下PWMと
いう)Q3に入力される。
Obi 1r! , the current ip is taken out as a change in the terminal voltage of a resistor R5 connected to the ground potential terminal P2 for the charger and the low voltage side of the secondary winding. A capacitor C5 connected in parallel with the resistor R5 is a decoupling capacitor. The detected voltage is input to an error amplifier Q2, and the error amplifier with a voltage value corresponding to a predetermined charging current input from the control unit 9 via a terminal P3 is input to a pulse width modulator (hereinafter referred to as PWM) Q3. .

PWMQ3は発振器Q4のトランジスタTrLのベース
に対する出力パルスのデユーティ−比を入力値に応じて
制御し、その結果帯電電流icが制御部9の入力する目
標値に定電流制御される。
The PWM Q3 controls the duty ratio of the output pulse of the oscillator Q4 to the base of the transistor TrL in accordance with the input value, and as a result, the charging current ic is constant-current controlled to the target value input by the control section 9.

第3図は1次帯電器2のバイアス用グリッド21に接続
する高圧出カニニット62の構造を示している。このユ
ニットは第2図とほぼ同様のスイッチングレキュレータ
から構成されている。異なっているのは、誤差増幅器Q
6が抵抗R7、R8によりグリッド21に対する印加電
圧vGを検出しており、また発振器Q5ではなく昇圧用
のトランスT2の1次側の入力電圧を直接制御している
点である。誤差増幅器Q6は端子P7を介して制御部9
から入力される所定のバイアス電圧に対応してグリッド
21に対する印加電圧を制御する。
FIG. 3 shows the structure of a high-pressure output crab knit 62 connected to the bias grid 21 of the primary charger 2. As shown in FIG. This unit consists of a switching regulator similar to that shown in FIG. The difference is that the error amplifier Q
6 is that the voltage vG applied to the grid 21 is detected by resistors R7 and R8, and that the input voltage on the primary side of the step-up transformer T2 is directly controlled instead of the oscillator Q5. The error amplifier Q6 is connected to the control section 9 via the terminal P7.
The voltage applied to the grid 21 is controlled in response to a predetermined bias voltage input from the grid 21.

次に第4図のフローチャート図を参照して以上の構成に
おける動作につき詳細に説明する。第4図は制御部9の
行なう1次帯電器2の制御の手順を示したフローチャー
ト図である。
Next, the operation of the above configuration will be explained in detail with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the procedure for controlling the primary charger 2 performed by the control section 9.

制御部9は手動にてリセット可能な/\−ドないしソフ
トウェアによるカウンタ手段が設けてあり、このカウン
タは、原稿の複写回数に応じてインクリメントされる。
The control section 9 is provided with a manually resettable /\- code or software counter means, and this counter is incremented according to the number of times the original is copied.

またカウンタの係数値はバックアップ電源などにより主
電源オフ時も維持される。
Further, the coefficient value of the counter is maintained even when the main power is turned off by a backup power source or the like.

不図示の制御系から、制御部9に対して1次帯電器2の
印加電流を変更する旨の指令が入ると、制御部9はまず
第4図のステップS1において、上記のカウンタから複
写回数Nを入力する。
When a command to change the applied current to the primary charger 2 is received from a control system (not shown) to the control unit 9, the control unit 9 first calculates the number of copies from the above-mentioned counter in step S1 of FIG. Enter N.

続いてステップS2において、制御部9は下記制御式に
より1次帯電電流Ifを求める。
Subsequently, in step S2, the control section 9 calculates the primary charging current If using the following control formula.

I 、= IO+KN          −(1)こ
こで、工0は1次帯電電流の初期値(前回の値)、Kは
補正係数である。
I, = IO+KN - (1) Here, 0 is the initial value (previous value) of the primary charging current, and K is the correction coefficient.

次にステップS3において、決定された1次帯電電流1
1を1次帯電器2に流し1表面型位センサ3により感光
ドラムlの暗部電位voを測定する。すなわち、原稿の
反遮光10は遮断され、未感光の感光体表面電位を測定
する。この測定量はA/D変換器72を介してデジタル
変換され、制御部9に入力される。
Next, in step S3, the determined primary charging current 1
1 is passed through the primary charger 2, and the dark area potential vo of the photosensitive drum 1 is measured by the 1 surface type position sensor 3. That is, the anti-light shield 10 of the original is blocked, and the surface potential of the unexposed photoreceptor is measured. This measured quantity is digitally converted via the A/D converter 72 and input to the control section 9.

次にステップS4において制御部9は以下の制御式によ
り1次帯電器2のグリッド電圧vGの補正値を求める。
Next, in step S4, the control section 9 calculates a correction value for the grid voltage vG of the primary charger 2 using the following control formula.

ΔVG=α(To  Voo)     −(2)ここ
でαは所定の制御係数、Vooは目標暗部電位である。
ΔVG=α(To Voo) −(2) where α is a predetermined control coefficient and Voo is a target dark potential.

上記の構成によれば、1次帯電電流の決定に帯電器の汚
れの目安となる複写回数を反映させ、複写回数に応じ帯
電電流を徐々に増加させるようにしているので、従来の
ようにドラム電流の10倍以上の不必要な′¥L流をグ
リッド、帯電器筐体に流す必要がなくなり、使用開始時
期の汚れの量を減少させ、帯電器寿命を延長することが
できる。また表面電位制御は最低限必要な潜像電位を得
るのに必要な帯電電流値から出発できるので、帯電器電
極の寿命を延長し、電源の小型化、省電力化、オゾン発
生量低下などを達成でき、装置の高性能、高信頼性、ロ
ーコスト化に大きく寄与できる。
According to the above configuration, the number of copies, which is a measure of dirt on the charger, is reflected in the determination of the primary charging current, and the charging current is gradually increased according to the number of copies. It is no longer necessary to flow an unnecessary current of more than 10 times the current through the grid and the charger casing, reducing the amount of dirt at the beginning of use and extending the life of the charger. In addition, since surface potential control can be started from the charging current value required to obtain the minimum required latent image potential, the life of the charger electrode can be extended, and the power supply can be made smaller, save electricity, and reduce the amount of ozone generated. This can greatly contribute to the high performance, high reliability, and low cost of equipment.

ステップS2における制御式(1)の制御係数には装置
の帯電器の特性、画像制御特性に応じて適宜定めればよ
い、複写回数Nを測定するカウンタは帯電器交換時ない
し清掃時にサービスマンがリセットするよう構成してお
く。
The control coefficient of control formula (1) in step S2 may be determined as appropriate depending on the characteristics of the charger of the apparatus and the image control characteristics. Configure it to reset.

以上では複写回数の累積値により帯電電流を補正したが
、感光ドラムの回転時間の累積など、画像形成回数に応
じた物理量を測定し、帯電電流の決定に反映、させるよ
うにしてもよい0以上の構成は複写機に限定されること
なく、レーザービームプリンタなど同様の構成を有する
装置に適用することができる。
In the above, the charging current is corrected based on the cumulative value of the number of copies, but a physical quantity corresponding to the number of image formations, such as the cumulative rotation time of the photosensitive drum, may be measured and reflected in the determination of the charging current. The configuration is not limited to copying machines, but can be applied to devices having a similar configuration such as laser beam printers.

さらに、グリッド電極を持たない帯電器を用いる場合に
は、帯電器筐体を接地電位から絶縁し、筐体に対する印
加電圧を制御するようにすれば、前述と同様の効果を得
ることができる。
Furthermore, when using a charger without a grid electrode, the same effect as described above can be obtained by insulating the charger casing from the ground potential and controlling the voltage applied to the casing.

[効 果] 以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明によれば、コロ
ナ放電による帯電制御を行なう帯電手段を有する画像形
成装置において、画像形成回数に対応する物理量を検出
する手段と、この手段が測定した画像形成数に応じて帯
電手段に対する給電祉を制御する手段を設けた構成を採
用しているので、帯電手段の汚れによる帯電条件の変化
に応じて適切な帯電制御を行なうことができ、電源の小
型化、帯電器の長寿命化など装置の高性能化、高信頼性
化に大きな効果がある。
[Effect] As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, in an image forming apparatus having a charging means that performs charging control by corona discharge, there is provided a means for detecting a physical quantity corresponding to the number of times of image formation, and a means for detecting a physical quantity corresponding to the number of times of image formation. Since the structure includes a means for controlling the power supply to the charging means according to the number of images formed, it is possible to perform appropriate charging control in response to changes in charging conditions due to dirt on the charging means. This has a significant effect on improving the performance and reliability of devices, such as miniaturizing the power supply and extending the life of the charger.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は本発明による画像形成装置の構造を示したブロ
ック図、第2図、第3図はそれぞれ第1図の高圧出カニ
ニットの構造を示した回路図、第4図は第1図の制御部
の制御手順を示したフローチャート図である。 l・・・感光ドラム   2・・・1次帯電器3・・・
表面電位センサ 4・・・転写帯電器5・・・現像ロー
ラ   9・・・制御部21・・・ブリッド 61〜64・・・高圧比カニニット 皺“J勾9軒の11−イイーヒ闇 第4図
1 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image forming apparatus according to the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are circuit diagrams showing the structure of the high-pressure crab knit shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the structure of the image forming apparatus according to the invention. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a control procedure of a control unit. l...Photosensitive drum 2...Primary charger 3...
Surface potential sensor 4...Transfer charger 5...Developing roller 9...Control unit 21...Brids 61-64...High pressure ratio crab knit wrinkles

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1)コロナ放電による帯電制御を行なう帯電手段を有す
る画像形成装置において、画像形成回数に対応する物理
量を検出する手段と、この手段が測定した画像形成数に
応じて帯電手段に対する給電量を制御する手段を設けた
ことを特徴とする画像形成装置。 2)特許請求の範囲第1項において、更に前記物理量に
応じて前記帯電手段のグリッドへの印加電圧を制御する
手段を有することを特徴とする画像形成装置。
[Scope of Claims] 1) In an image forming apparatus having a charging means that performs charging control by corona discharge, a means for detecting a physical quantity corresponding to the number of image formations, and a charging means according to the number of images formed by this means. An image forming apparatus characterized by comprising means for controlling the amount of power supplied to the image forming apparatus. 2) The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising means for controlling the voltage applied to the grid of the charging means in accordance with the physical quantity.
JP60198541A 1985-09-10 1985-09-10 Image forming device Expired - Lifetime JPH0721671B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60198541A JPH0721671B2 (en) 1985-09-10 1985-09-10 Image forming device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60198541A JPH0721671B2 (en) 1985-09-10 1985-09-10 Image forming device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6259980A true JPS6259980A (en) 1987-03-16
JPH0721671B2 JPH0721671B2 (en) 1995-03-08

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JP60198541A Expired - Lifetime JPH0721671B2 (en) 1985-09-10 1985-09-10 Image forming device

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6463147A (en) * 1987-09-04 1989-03-09 Canon Kk Image forming system
US7409171B2 (en) 2004-08-02 2008-08-05 Seiko Epson Corporation Image forming apparatus and method having an intermediate transfer member with a multilayer structure that prevents abnormal images due to abnormal discharges
JP2015143806A (en) * 2013-12-25 2015-08-06 株式会社リコー Charging apparatus and image forming apparatus

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53115231A (en) * 1977-03-18 1978-10-07 Ricoh Co Ltd Correction method for fatigue of photosensitive body of electrophotographic copier
JPS53116157A (en) * 1977-03-19 1978-10-11 Ricoh Co Ltd Program control device for electrophotographic copier
JPS575058A (en) * 1980-06-13 1982-01-11 Ricoh Co Ltd Charging controller
JPS57125952A (en) * 1981-01-30 1982-08-05 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Display device for corotron requiring check
JPS60221777A (en) * 1984-04-18 1985-11-06 Toshiba Corp Image forming device

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53115231A (en) * 1977-03-18 1978-10-07 Ricoh Co Ltd Correction method for fatigue of photosensitive body of electrophotographic copier
JPS53116157A (en) * 1977-03-19 1978-10-11 Ricoh Co Ltd Program control device for electrophotographic copier
JPS575058A (en) * 1980-06-13 1982-01-11 Ricoh Co Ltd Charging controller
JPS57125952A (en) * 1981-01-30 1982-08-05 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Display device for corotron requiring check
JPS60221777A (en) * 1984-04-18 1985-11-06 Toshiba Corp Image forming device

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6463147A (en) * 1987-09-04 1989-03-09 Canon Kk Image forming system
US7409171B2 (en) 2004-08-02 2008-08-05 Seiko Epson Corporation Image forming apparatus and method having an intermediate transfer member with a multilayer structure that prevents abnormal images due to abnormal discharges
JP2015143806A (en) * 2013-12-25 2015-08-06 株式会社リコー Charging apparatus and image forming apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0721671B2 (en) 1995-03-08

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