JPS6250041A - Formation of gear - Google Patents

Formation of gear

Info

Publication number
JPS6250041A
JPS6250041A JP18951985A JP18951985A JPS6250041A JP S6250041 A JPS6250041 A JP S6250041A JP 18951985 A JP18951985 A JP 18951985A JP 18951985 A JP18951985 A JP 18951985A JP S6250041 A JPS6250041 A JP S6250041A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
tooth
punch
rotary table
gear
ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP18951985A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kenichi Okada
健一 岡田
Keiichi Nakamura
敬一 中村
Hiroshi Asao
浅尾 宏
Shinobu Watanabe
忍 渡辺
Yoichi Kawada
川田 陽一
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Priority to JP18951985A priority Critical patent/JPS6250041A/en
Publication of JPS6250041A publication Critical patent/JPS6250041A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PURPOSE:To form a gear whose shape accuracy is excellent by a partial metallic die and a small working force, by forging each one tooth while lowering a punch having the same sectional shape as an inter-tooth air-gap, on the side face of an annular part of a ring-shaped blank on a rotary table. CONSTITUTION:In a prescribed position of a metallic ring-shaped blank 1 having an annular part 1c, which has been placed on a rotary table 2, a tooth is formed in the ring-shaped blank 1 by rotating successively the rotary table 2 at a peripheral pitch angle, and forging partially each one tooth successively by a punch 3 having the same sectional shape 3a as a space between the tooth and the tooth which are to be formed. As for the forging, each one tooth is brought to a preliminary forming, also each one tooth is worked continuously and repeatedly, and the whole of the gear is worked. Accordingly, a large-sized gear can be formed by reducing a working force by a partial metallic die of one tooth each.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔発明の利用分野〕 本発明は、歯車の成形方法に係り、特に、大形の歯車を
、塑性加工によって容易に且つ安価に製造するに好適な
、歯車の成形方法に関するものである。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention relates to a method for forming gears, and in particular, a method for forming gears suitable for easily and inexpensively manufacturing large gears by plastic working. It is related to.

〔発明の背景〕[Background of the invention]

従来、塑性加工による歯車の成形方法としては、昭和3
8年9月養賢堂発行の成瀬正男による”歯車の塑性加工
”と題する書籍があり1この書籍には、転造方法および
鍛造法による歯車の成形方法が記載されている。
Conventionally, the method of forming gears by plastic working was
There is a book titled ``Plastic Processing of Gears'' written by Masao Naruse and published by Yokendo in September 1998.1 This book describes methods for forming gears by rolling and forging methods.

ところで)大形の歯車を成形するに当って、前記鍛造法
によれば、加工力の増大および型費高価であるなどの問
題点があった。一方、転造法によれば、加工力の低減は
はかれるものの、総型が必要であるために、依然として
型費の低減に関する配慮がされていないという問題点が
あった0 〔発明の目的〕 本発明は、上記した従来技術の問題点を改善して、大形
の歯車な、塑性加工によって容易に且つ安価に製造する
ことができる、歯車の成形方法の提供を、その目的とす
るものである。
By the way, when forming large gears, the forging method has problems such as increased processing force and high mold costs. On the other hand, according to the rolling method, although it is possible to reduce the processing force, since a complete mold is required, there is still a problem in that no consideration is given to reducing mold costs.0 [Object of the Invention] This book The object of the invention is to provide a method for forming gears that can easily and inexpensively manufacture large gears by plastic working, by improving the problems of the prior art described above. .

〔発明の概要〕[Summary of the invention]

本発明に係る歯車の成形方法の構成は、金属の素材に、
塑性加工によって歯を形成するようにした、歯車の成形
方法において、素材を、円環部を有するリング状素材と
し、形成すべき歯の隣接する歯間の空隙と同一断面形状
の先端部を有するポンチと、このポンチと対向する位置
に配設された回転テーブルとを有し、この回転テーブル
上に載置した前記リング状素材の円環部の側面を、前記
ポンチを下降させて、鍛造加工したのち該ポンチご上昇
させ、前記回転テーブルを前記歯の円周ピッチ角だけ回
転させ、再び■11記ポンチを下降させて前記円環部の
側面を鍛造加工したのち該ポンチを上昇させ、前記回転
テーブルを前記円周ピッチ角だけさぎと同一方向へ回転
させることを繰返すことにより、前記リング状素材に歯
を形成するようにしたものである。
The configuration of the gear forming method according to the present invention includes a metal material,
In a gear forming method in which teeth are formed by plastic working, the material is a ring-shaped material having an annular portion, and the tip portion has the same cross-sectional shape as the gap between adjacent teeth to be formed. It has a punch and a rotary table disposed at a position facing the punch, and the side surface of the annular portion of the ring-shaped material placed on the rotary table is forged by lowering the punch. After that, the punch is raised, the rotary table is rotated by the circumferential pitch angle of the teeth, and (11) the punch is lowered again to forge the side surface of the annular part, and then the punch is raised, Teeth are formed in the ring-shaped material by repeatedly rotating the rotary table by the circumferential pitch angle in the same direction as the serpentine.

さらに詳しくは、次の通りである。More details are as follows.

金属性の歯車を塑性加工によって成形する方法において
、回転テーブル上に載置した、円環部を有する金属性の
リング状素材の所定の位置を九回転テーブルを円周ピッ
チ角(360°を、形成すべき歯の歯数で除した角度)
で逐次回転させながら、形成すべき歯の隣接する歯と歯
の空間と同一の断面形状を有するポンチにより、−歯ず
つ部分的に順次鍛造し、該金属性のリング状素材に歯を
成形するようにしたものである。
In a method of forming a metal gear by plastic working, a metal ring-shaped material having an annular portion placed on a rotary table is moved at a predetermined position by a circumferential pitch angle (360°, angle divided by the number of teeth to be formed)
The teeth are sequentially forged one tooth at a time using a punch having the same cross-sectional shape as the space between the teeth adjacent to the teeth to be formed while rotating sequentially, and the teeth are formed into the metal ring-shaped material. This is how it was done.

前記した順次鍛造は、前記ポンチにより、−歯ずつ部分
的に鍛造加工し、さらにこれを連続的に順次繰返し加工
し、要求される歯車の全体を創成するものである。した
がって、−歯ずつの部分金型、すなわち前記ポンチで加
工可能となり、金型費および加工力の低減がはかれるこ
とから、容易に且つ安価な加工設備により、大形の歯車
を製作することができる・ものである。
The sequential forging described above involves partially forging teeth one by one using the punch, and then sequentially repeating this process to create the entire required gear. Therefore, it is possible to process with a tooth-by-tooth partial mold, that is, the punch, and the mold cost and processing force can be reduced, making it possible to manufacture large gears easily and with inexpensive processing equipment.・It is something.

〔発明の実施例〕[Embodiments of the invention]

実施例の説明に入るまえに、本発明に係る基本的事項を
説明Tる。
Before entering into the description of the embodiments, basic matters related to the present invention will be explained.

本発明においては、まず素材の形状を、円環部を有する
リング状素材にした。また、その円環部に歯を成形する
ための金型として、−歯ずつ鍛造加工する部分金型、す
なわち、隣接する歯間の空隙と同一断面形状のポンチを
使用するようにした。
In the present invention, first, the shape of the material is a ring-shaped material having an annular portion. Further, as a mold for forming teeth in the annular portion, a partial mold for forging teeth one by one, that is, a punch having the same cross-sectional shape as the gap between adjacent teeth is used.

このように、−歯ずつ鍛造加工するようにしたので、金
型は単純形状でよく、シがも加工力が小さいから加工設
備は小型ですむ。また、歯を成形する部分を円環状にし
たので、材料流動が容易になり、前記ポンチの加工力は
、さらに小さくなる。しかも、鍛造加工時の材料流動は
、円周方向が拘束されているために、前記円環部の内周
側および外周側へ生じ、他の方向へは影響がないので為
前記ポンチの形状をそのまま転写した形状精度の優れた
歯車を成形することができる。
In this way, since forging is performed tooth by tooth, the die can be of a simple shape, and since the machining force is small, the machining equipment can be small. Furthermore, since the tooth forming portion is annular, material flow is facilitated, and the processing force of the punch is further reduced. Moreover, since the material flow during forging is restricted in the circumferential direction, it occurs toward the inner and outer circumferential sides of the annular portion, and has no effect on other directions, so the shape of the punch is It is possible to mold gears with excellent shape accuracy by directly transferring them.

以下、実施例によって説明する。Examples will be explained below.

第1図は1本発明の一実施例に係る歯車の成形方法の実
施に使用される歯車成形装置の要部と、該装置による成
形状態を示す略示斜視図、第2図は、第1図における回
転テーブル上にリング状素材を載置固定する手段を示す
断面図・第3図は、第1図に係る歯車成形装置の制御ブ
ロック図、第4図は、第1図に係る歯車成形装置による
成形状態の詳細を示す要部断面図、第5図は、第1図に
係る歯車成形装置によって成形した歯車の一例を示T斜
視図である。
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the main parts of a gear forming device used to carry out a gear forming method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the forming state by the device, and FIG. 3 is a control block diagram of the gear forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a gear forming device shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a main part showing details of the forming state by the apparatus, and is a T perspective view showing an example of a gear formed by the gear forming apparatus according to FIG. 1.

まず、歯車の成形に供せられるリング状素材と、歯車成
形装置の構成とを説明する。
First, a ring-shaped material used for forming gears and the configuration of a gear forming apparatus will be explained.

各図において1は、円環部1e、ボス部1bを有するリ
ング状素材、3は、形成すべき歯1cLの隣接する歯間
の空隙と同一断面形状で、幅B(この幅Bは、円環部1
cの幅すよりも大きい)の先端部3αを有するポンチ、
2は、このポンチ3と対向して配設された、位置決め穴
2αを有する回転テーブルであり、前記リング状素材1
は、そのボス部1bが回転テーブル2の位置決め穴2α
に嵌入され、付属の回転止めねじ7によりて固定され、
回転テーブル2からリング素材1へ回転力を伝達できる
ようになりでいる。4は、パルスモータと減速機とから
なり、回転テーブル2を回転方向5へ回転駆動させるこ
とができる回転機構である0 このように構成した歯車成形装置を使用して、本発明の
一実施例に係る歯車の成形方法を説明する。
In each figure, 1 is a ring-shaped material having an annular part 1e and a boss part 1b, 3 is the same cross-sectional shape as the gap between adjacent teeth of the teeth 1cL to be formed, and has a width B (this width B is a circle). Ring part 1
a punch having a tip 3α (larger than the width of c);
Reference numeral 2 denotes a rotary table having a positioning hole 2α disposed opposite to the punch 3, and the ring-shaped material 1
, the boss portion 1b is located in the positioning hole 2α of the rotary table 2.
and is fixed with the attached rotation set screw 7,
Rotational force can now be transmitted from the rotary table 2 to the ring material 1. Reference numeral 4 denotes a rotation mechanism that includes a pulse motor and a speed reducer and is capable of rotationally driving the rotary table 2 in the rotational direction 5.0 Using the gear forming apparatus configured as described above, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. A method for forming gears will be explained.

回転テーブル2上に、リング状素材12載置し、回転止
めねじ7によってそのボス部1b’を固する。NC制御
i装8に、予備成形深さ4 (第4図参照)、予備成形
加工力、本成形深さL(第4図参照)、本成形加工力、
円周ピッチ角、打撃回数を設定する。データ演算処理装
置12に、予備成形終了までの回転角度(560″)、
本成形終了までの回転角度(360°X2=720)を
設定する。
A ring-shaped material 12 is placed on a rotary table 2, and its boss portion 1b' is fixed with a rotation set screw 7. In the NC control device 8, preforming depth 4 (see Fig. 4), preforming force, main forming depth L (see Fig. 4), main forming force,
Set the circumferential pitch angle and number of hits. The rotation angle (560″) until the end of preforming is stored in the data processing unit 12;
Set the rotation angle (360° x 2 = 720) until the end of main molding.

ここで、歯車成形装置をONにすると、NC制御装置8
から油圧シリンダ9へ、設定した予備成形深さI−1に
等しいストロ−)長、予備成形加工力に等しい加工力6
.および前記打撃回数が指令される。油圧シリンダ9の
駆動によりポンチ3が下降し、このポンチ3の両端が円
環部1Cから内、外周側へはみ出した状態で、リング状
素材1の側面が鍛造加工される。ポンチ3のストローク
長はポンチストローク計測装置10によって計測され、
予め設定した前記ストローク長と比較され、設定ストロ
ーク長となるように、データ演算処理装置12.NC制
御装置8によって精度よく制御され、1個の予備成形歯
1α′が成形される(第4図参照)。そして、NC制御
装@8からパルスモータへ、設定された円周ピッチ角が
指令される。このパルスモータの駆動により回転テーブ
ル2が回転する。回転テーブル2の回転角は回転角計測
装置11によって計測され、予め設定した前記円周ピッ
チ角と比較され、設定円周ピッチ角になるように、デー
タ演算処理装置12. NC制御装置8によって精度よ
く制御される。次に、NC制御装置8から油圧シリンダ
9へ、設定した予備成形深さLlに等しいストローク長
、予備成形加工力に等しい加工力6および打撃回数が指
令され、さきと同様にして、ポンチ3によって、隣りの
予備成形歯1α′が成形されるという動作が繰返される
0回転角計測装置11からデータ演算処理装置12へ、
回転角度(360°)が入力されて予備成形が終了する
と・NC制御装置8から油圧シリンダ9へ、設定した本
成形深さLに等しいス)o−り長1本成形加工力に等し
い加工力6および打撃回数が指令される。そして、さき
の予備成形と同様の成形が行なわれ、予備成形歯1α′
が歯1αの形状に一歯ずつ順次鍛造され、回転角計測装
置11からデータ演算処理装置12へ、回転角度(72
(1’)が入力されたとき、本成形2終了し、歯車成形
装置がOFFになり、第5図に示す歯車15が得られる
Here, when the gear forming device is turned on, the NC control device 8
to the hydraulic cylinder 9, a stroke length equal to the set preforming depth I-1, a processing force 6 equal to the preforming processing force.
.. and the number of hits is commanded. The punch 3 is lowered by the drive of the hydraulic cylinder 9, and the side surfaces of the ring-shaped material 1 are forged with both ends of the punch 3 protruding inward and outward from the annular portion 1C. The stroke length of the punch 3 is measured by a punch stroke measuring device 10,
The data arithmetic processing device 12. is compared with the stroke length set in advance, and the data processing unit 12. Under precise control by the NC control device 8, one preformed tooth 1α' is formed (see FIG. 4). Then, the set circumferential pitch angle is commanded from the NC controller @8 to the pulse motor. The rotary table 2 is rotated by driving this pulse motor. The rotation angle of the rotary table 2 is measured by the rotation angle measuring device 11, compared with the circumferential pitch angle set in advance, and the data processing device 12. It is precisely controlled by the NC control device 8. Next, a stroke length equal to the set preforming depth Ll, a processing force 6 equal to the preforming processing force, and the number of strikes are commanded from the NC control device 8 to the hydraulic cylinder 9, and in the same way as before, the punch 3 , from the 0-rotation angle measuring device 11, where the operation of forming the adjacent preformed tooth 1α' is repeated, to the data arithmetic processing device 12,
When the rotation angle (360°) is input and the preforming is completed, the NC control device 8 sends a processing force equal to the set main forming depth L to the hydraulic cylinder 9. 6 and the number of strikes are commanded. Then, the same preforming as before is carried out, and the preformed tooth 1α′
is sequentially forged one tooth at a time into the shape of tooth 1α, and the rotation angle (72
When (1') is input, main molding 2 is completed, the gear molding device is turned off, and the gear 15 shown in FIG. 5 is obtained.

具体例について述べる。A specific example will be described.

外径1200mm、内径1000醪、厚さ10UIII
IIIの円環部1cと、ボス径1100+m++のボス
部1bとを有し、材質が低炭素鋼のリング状素材1に、
歯数50、円周ピッチ69.111111 N歯たけ4
5mのインボリュート歯車号常温で成形する方法につい
てのべる。
Outer diameter 1200mm, inner diameter 1000mm, thickness 10UIII
A ring-shaped material 1 is made of low carbon steel and has an annular portion 1c having a diameter of 1.5 mm and a boss portion 1b having a boss diameter of 1100+m++.
Number of teeth 50, circumferential pitch 69.111111 N tooth depth 4
This article describes how to form a 5m involute gear at room temperature.

ポンチ先端長さ!=45閣、幅B=130+o+の先端
部6αを有するポンチ(焼入れ処理を施した工具鋼製)
を使用し、NC制御装置8に、予備成形深さ4 = 3
0 mm 、予備成形加工が0トン、本成形深さ&=4
5+m+本成形加工カー90トン、円周ピッチ角=7.
2°(=360°150)?設定する。
Punch tip length! = 45 mm, width B = 130 + o + punch with tip 6α (made of hardened tool steel)
using the NC control device 8, preforming depth 4 = 3
0 mm, preforming process is 0 tons, main forming depth &=4
5+m+main molding car 90 tons, circumferential pitch angle=7.
2° (=360°150)? Set.

ここで、歯車成形装置’tONにすると、円周ピッチ角
Z2°、ストローク長50+m、加工力70トンで50
回の局部順次鍛造が行なわれ、回転テーブル2が1回転
して予備成形を完了し、予備成形歯1α′が50個成形
された。次いで、予備成形におけると同一の円周ピッチ
角12°、ストローク長45咽、加工力90トン歯車の
一歯1αずつが順次鍛造され、歯車全体が創成された。
Here, when the gear forming device is turned on, the circumferential pitch angle is Z2°, the stroke length is 50+m, and the processing force is 70 tons.
Local sequential forging was performed twice, and the rotary table 2 rotated once to complete the preforming, and 50 preformed teeth 1α' were formed. Next, each tooth 1α of the gear was sequentially forged with the same circumferential pitch angle of 12°, stroke length of 45 degrees, and working force of 90 tons as in the preforming, to create the entire gear.

このようにして、前記諸元を有する所望の歯車の成形を
実施することができた。
In this way, a desired gear having the above specifications could be formed.

以上に説明した実施例によれば、次の効果がある。According to the embodiment described above, there are the following effects.

(1)大形の歯車を容易に、且つ高精度に成形するこ、
とができる。
(1) Easily and accurately mold large gears,
I can do that.

(2)単純な形状の金型、すなわちポンチ6を使用し、
小さな加工力により大形の歯車を成形できることから・
加工設備が、安価になる。
(2) Using a die with a simple shape, that is, a punch 6,
Because large gears can be formed with small processing force,
Processing equipment becomes cheaper.

(3)リング状素材1を用いたことにより1鍛造加工に
よる材料流動が容易に行なえ1より小さな加工力によっ
て歯を成形することができる。
(3) By using the ring-shaped material 1, the material can be easily flowed by the forging process, and the teeth can be formed with a processing force smaller than that of the forging process.

なお、本実施例は、予備成形を実施したのち本成形を行
なって歯車ご成形するようにしたが・予備成形を省略し
て1回の成形(回転テーブル2の回転角度360°)に
よって歯を形成するようにしてもよい。しかし、予備成
形を行なうようにした方が、加工力が低減し、歯形精度
も向上するという利点がある。
In this example, the gears were formed by performing preforming and then main forming, but the preforming was omitted and the teeth were formed in one step (rotation angle of the rotary table 2 360°). It may also be formed. However, preforming has the advantage of reducing machining force and improving tooth profile accuracy.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

以上詳細に説明したように本発明によれば、大形の歯車
を、塑性加工によって容易に且つ安価に製造することが
できる、歯車の成形方法を提供することができる。
As described in detail above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a gear forming method that allows large gears to be easily and inexpensively manufactured by plastic working.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は、本発明の一実施例に係る歯車の成形方法の実
施に使用される歯車成形装置の要部と、該装置による成
形状態を示す略示斜視図、第2図は、第1図における回
転テーブル上にリング状素素材2載置固定する手段を示
す断面図、第3図は、第1図に係る歯車成形装置の制御
ブロック図、第4図は、第1図に係る歯車成形装置によ
る成形状態の詳細を示す要部断面図、第5図は、第1図
に係る歯車成形装置によりて成形した歯車の一例を示す
斜視図である。 1・・・リング状素材 1α・・・歯 1C・・・円環部 2・・・回転テーブル 3・・・ポンチ 3α・・・先端部 5・・・回転方向 6・・・加工力 13・・・歯車
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing main parts of a gear forming device used to carry out a gear forming method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the forming state by the device, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a control block diagram of the gear forming apparatus according to FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a main part showing details of the molding state by the molding device, and is a perspective view showing an example of a gear molded by the gear molding device according to FIG. 1. 1... Ring-shaped material 1α... Teeth 1C... Annular portion 2... Rotary table 3... Punch 3α... Tip 5... Rotation direction 6... Machining force 13. ··gear

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1、金属の素材に、塑性加工によって歯を形成するよう
にした、歯車の成形方法において、素材を、円環部を有
するリング状素材とし、形成すべき歯の隣接する歯間の
空隙と同一断面形状の先端部を有するポンチと、このポ
ンチと対向する位置に配設された回転テーブルとを使用
し、この回転テーブル上に載置した前記リング状素材の
円環部の側面を、前記ポンチを下降させて鍛造加工した
のち該ポンチを上昇させ、前記回転テーブルを前記歯の
円周ピッチ角だけ回転させ、再び前記ポンチを下降させ
て前記円環部の側面を鍛造加工したのち該ポンチを上昇
させ、前記回転テーブルを前記円周ピッチ角だけさきと
同一方向へ回転させることを繰返すことにより、前記リ
ング状素材に歯を形成することを特徴とする、歯車の成
形方法。
1. In a gear forming method in which teeth are formed on a metal material by plastic working, the material is a ring-shaped material having an annular portion, and the gap between adjacent teeth is the same as that of the teeth to be formed. Using a punch having a tip with a cross-sectional shape and a rotary table disposed at a position facing the punch, the side surface of the annular portion of the ring-shaped material placed on the rotary table is punched with the punch. is lowered to perform forging, the punch is raised, the rotary table is rotated by the circumferential pitch angle of the teeth, the punch is lowered again, and the side surface of the annular portion is forged, and then the punch is A method for forming a gear, comprising forming teeth on the ring-shaped material by repeatedly raising the rotary table and rotating the rotary table in the same direction as before by the circumferential pitch angle.
JP18951985A 1985-08-30 1985-08-30 Formation of gear Pending JPS6250041A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP18951985A JPS6250041A (en) 1985-08-30 1985-08-30 Formation of gear

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP18951985A JPS6250041A (en) 1985-08-30 1985-08-30 Formation of gear

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6250041A true JPS6250041A (en) 1987-03-04

Family

ID=16242639

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP18951985A Pending JPS6250041A (en) 1985-08-30 1985-08-30 Formation of gear

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6250041A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63225982A (en) * 1987-03-16 1988-09-20 Hitachi Ltd Magnetic head slider

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63225982A (en) * 1987-03-16 1988-09-20 Hitachi Ltd Magnetic head slider

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