JPS6248182A - Electronic still camera - Google Patents

Electronic still camera

Info

Publication number
JPS6248182A
JPS6248182A JP60187652A JP18765285A JPS6248182A JP S6248182 A JPS6248182 A JP S6248182A JP 60187652 A JP60187652 A JP 60187652A JP 18765285 A JP18765285 A JP 18765285A JP S6248182 A JPS6248182 A JP S6248182A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
signal
solid
state image
accumulating operation
exposure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP60187652A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Shigeo Suzuki
茂夫 鈴木
Hidekazu Tano
田野 英一
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pentax Corp
Original Assignee
Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Co Ltd filed Critical Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Co Ltd
Priority to JP60187652A priority Critical patent/JPS6248182A/en
Publication of JPS6248182A publication Critical patent/JPS6248182A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PURPOSE:To simplify a structure, attain light in weight and lower in cost by providing a circuit for photometricallyoperating an optical image formed through a lens, a Tx arithmetic circuit for deciding a start timing of an electric charge accumulating operation of a solid-state image pickup element and a control circuit for outputting an accumulating operation signal. CONSTITUTION:When turning a power source on, a photometric exposure arithmetic circuit 5 starts an operating to execute a photometric operation of an object 1 and decide an optimum exposure time, and then, based on this exposure information, a Tx arithmetic circuit 6 decides a timing at which a photodetective surface of a solid-state image pickup element 3 starts an electric charge accumulating operation. The Tx arithmetic circuit 6 detects a vertical synchronous signal immediately after a release signal and generates an accumulating operation start signal generating by a latch signal. In an accumulating operation control circuit 7, at a rise of this signal, the accumulating operation signal is generated and the solid-state image pickup element 3 accumulates an electric charge for a suitable exposure time. Thereafter, on completing the operation, the accumulated signal electric charge is transferred to an optically shielded transfer part by a TG pulse and outputted from an output terminal 3a as a video signal. Thereby, a structure can be simplified, made compact, light in weight and low in cost can be attained.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 [技術分野] 本発明は、固体撮像素子を用いて静止画を得る電子スチ
ルカメラに関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field] The present invention relates to an electronic still camera that obtains still images using a solid-state image sensor.

[従来技術およびその問題点] 従来、MOS、CCD、CPD等の各種の固体撮像素子
を使用し、測光露出部によって決定された一定の時間の
み固体撮像素子の受光部に電荷を蓄積してフィールドま
たはフレームの静止画を得るようにした電子スチルカメ
ラは種々提供されている。そして、これらの電子スチル
カメラにおいては、従来の一眼レフカメラと同様の光学
式シャッターによって機械的に光学路の開閉を行うのが
一般的である。
[Prior art and its problems] Conventionally, various solid-state image sensors such as MOS, CCD, and CPD are used, and electric charges are accumulated in the light-receiving part of the solid-state image sensor only for a certain period of time determined by the photometric exposure part to generate a field. Alternatively, various electronic still cameras are available that capture still images of frames. In these electronic still cameras, the optical path is generally opened and closed mechanically using an optical shutter similar to that of conventional single-lens reflex cameras.

しかしながら、これによると光学式ミラーの上下動作機
構や光学式シャッターの開閉機構等を必要とするため、
構造が複雑化し、電子スチルカメラ全体の重量が増加す
ると共に、コスト高になるという欠点があった。また、
この種の電子スチルカメラにあっては、光学式シャッタ
ーが閉じているにも拘らず固体撮像素子に暗電流が流れ
、この暗電流が蓄積電荷による真の信号骨に混合されて
出力されるため1画質上の難点があった。
However, this requires a mechanism for moving the optical mirror up and down, an opening/closing mechanism for the optical shutter, etc.
The drawbacks are that the structure becomes complicated, the weight of the entire electronic still camera increases, and the cost also increases. Also,
In this type of electronic still camera, a dark current flows through the solid-state image sensor even though the optical shutter is closed, and this dark current is mixed with the true signal due to accumulated charge and output. There was a problem with image quality.

更に、光学式シャッターでは構造上、これが開成するま
でにかなりの時間遅れがあるため、速い動きの被写体に
対して高速でシャッターを切りたい場合にも自ずと限界
があった。
Furthermore, due to the structure of the optical shutter, there is a considerable time delay before it opens, so there is a natural limit when it is desired to release the shutter at high speed for a fast-moving subject.

[発明の目的] 本発明は上記の点に鑑み提案されたもので、その目的と
するところは、固体撮像素子の電荷蓄積動作および非蓄
積動作を制御することによって光学式シャッターを不要
とし、構造の簡素化、軽量化およびコストの低減を図る
と共に高速シャッター動作を可能にし、また、露出開始
以前の信号電荷の非蓄積期間は固体撮像素子の暗電流を
完全に排除することにより、高画質の画像が得られるよ
うにした電子スチルカメラを提供することにある。
[Object of the Invention] The present invention has been proposed in view of the above points, and its purpose is to eliminate the need for an optical shutter by controlling the charge accumulation operation and non-accumulation operation of a solid-state image sensor, and to improve the structure. In addition, the dark current of the solid-state image sensor is completely eliminated during the non-accumulation period of signal charge before the start of exposure, resulting in high image quality. An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic still camera capable of obtaining images.

[発明の構成コ 上記目的を達成するため、本発明は、レンズを介して結
像された光学像を、ll[!I光・演算する測光・露出
演算回路と、適正露出時間をもとに固体撮像素子の電荷
蓄積動作を開始させるタイミングを決定するTx演算回
路と、前記適正露出時間のみ固体撮像素子の蓄積動作信
号を出力する蓄積動作制御回路とを備えたものである。
[Structure of the Invention] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an optical image formed through a lens, ll[! A photometry/exposure calculation circuit that calculates I light, a Tx calculation circuit that determines the timing to start the charge accumulation operation of the solid-state image sensor based on the appropriate exposure time, and an accumulation operation signal of the solid-state image sensor only for the appropriate exposure time. and an accumulation operation control circuit that outputs.

[発明の実施例コ 以下、図に沿って本発明の一実施例を説明する。[Embodiments of the invention] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

まず、第1図は本発明の概略を示すもので、図において
1は被写体であり、その光学像はレンズ2を介してCC
D型、MO3型等各種の固体撮像素子3に結像される。
First, FIG. 1 shows the outline of the present invention.
The image is formed on various solid-state image sensors 3 such as D type and MO3 type.

3aはこの固体撮像素子3の出力端子であり、光電変換
された映像信号が取り出されるものである。一方、被写
体1を測光して最適の露出時間を決定する測光・露出演
算回路5と、この露出情報に基いて固体撮像素子3の受
光面が電荷蓄積動作を開始するタイミングを決定するた
めのTx演算回路6と、このタイミングに基いて固体撮
像素子3を適正露出時間のみ信号電荷を蓄積させるべく
制御する蓄積動作制御回路7とが形成され、これらの回
路が相互に接続されていると共に、蓄積動作制御回路7
は固体撮像素子3に接続されている。また、4は固体撮
像素子駆動回路であり、この駆動回路4は固体撮像素子
3、Tx演算回路6および蓄積動作制御回路7にそれぞ
れ接続されている。
3a is an output terminal of this solid-state image sensor 3, from which a photoelectrically converted video signal is taken out. On the other hand, there is a photometry/exposure calculation circuit 5 that measures the light of the subject 1 and determines the optimal exposure time, and a Tx that determines the timing at which the light-receiving surface of the solid-state image sensor 3 starts charge accumulation operation based on this exposure information. An arithmetic circuit 6 and an accumulation operation control circuit 7 that controls the solid-state image sensor 3 to accumulate signal charges only for an appropriate exposure time based on this timing are formed, and these circuits are interconnected and Operation control circuit 7
is connected to the solid-state image sensor 3. Further, 4 is a solid-state image sensor drive circuit, and this drive circuit 4 is connected to the solid-state image sensor 3, the Tx arithmetic circuit 6, and the storage operation control circuit 7, respectively.

次に、この動作を第2図のタイミングチャートを参照し
つつ詳述する。まず、電源aがONされると、測光・露
出演算回路5が動作を開始して適正な露出を算出する。
Next, this operation will be explained in detail with reference to the timing chart of FIG. First, when the power source a is turned on, the photometry/exposure calculation circuit 5 starts operating and calculates an appropriate exposure.

この露出情報を受けてTx演算回路6では、 (n−1)T<Te<nT・・・・・・・・・■すなわ
ち、 Te/T<n<1+Te/T・・・・・・・・・■′を
満足するような整数nを算出する。これらの式において
、Teは測光・露出演算回路5によって決定された適正
露出時間であり、また、Tは垂直同期信号Cの周期すな
わち1760秒であるから、整数nは一義的に定まる。
In response to this exposure information, the Tx calculation circuit 6 calculates (n-1)T<Te<nT...... ■That is, Te/T<n<1+Te/T... ...Calculate an integer n that satisfies ■'. In these equations, Te is the appropriate exposure time determined by the photometry/exposure calculation circuit 5, and T is the period of the vertical synchronization signal C, that is, 1760 seconds, so the integer n is uniquely determined.

ここで、適正露出時間Teは電荷蓄積時間に等しく、第
2図に示すようにこの適正露出時間Teと蓄積動作開始
信号eの期間Txとの和はTのn倍になるため。
Here, the proper exposure time Te is equal to the charge accumulation time, and as shown in FIG. 2, the sum of this proper exposure time Te and the period Tx of the accumulation operation start signal e is n times T.

Tx+Te=nT・・・・・・・・・■が成り立つ。従
って、この0式を変形して得た次式 %式% より1期間Txを求めることができる。また、Tx演算
回路6は、レリーズ釦を押すことによって発生するレリ
ーズ信号すの直後の垂直同期信号Cを検出して発生する
ラッチ信号dにより、蓄積動作開始信号eを発生する。
Tx+Te=nT...■ holds true. Therefore, one period Tx can be obtained from the following formula obtained by modifying this formula 0. Further, the Tx calculation circuit 6 generates an accumulation operation start signal e based on a latch signal d generated by detecting a vertical synchronization signal C immediately after a release signal S generated by pressing the release button.

そして、この信号eを受けた蓄積動作制御回路7ではこ
の信号eの立ち下がりで蓄積動作信号fを発生し、固体
撮像素子3は期間Teにわたって電荷を蓄積する。
Then, the accumulation operation control circuit 7 that receives this signal e generates an accumulation operation signal f at the fall of this signal e, and the solid-state image sensor 3 accumulates charges over a period Te.

その後、垂直同期信号Cに一致する蓄積動作制御回路7
の動作終了時t=T0において、固体撮像素子3の受光
面に蓄積された信号電荷はTGパルスgにより、光遮蔽
された転送部に転送される。
After that, the storage operation control circuit 7 corresponding to the vertical synchronization signal C
At the end of the operation at t=T0, the signal charge accumulated on the light receiving surface of the solid-state image sensor 3 is transferred to the light-shielded transfer section by the TG pulse g.

この転送直後から固体撮像素子3は非蓄積動作状態とな
る。このようにして転送された信号電荷は、ビデオ信号
りとなって出力端子3aから出力されることとなる。
Immediately after this transfer, the solid-state image sensor 3 enters a non-storage operation state. The signal charge thus transferred becomes a video signal and is output from the output terminal 3a.

なお、第3図は固体撮像素子3として一般的に知られて
いるインターライン型のCCDを示している。同図にお
いて、9は受光部8であふれた電荷を吸い取るためのオ
ーバーフロードレインであり、10はその社を制御する
ために設けられた電極である。また、11は垂直転送C
CD、12は第2図におけるTGパルスに相当する転送
ゲート、13は転送電極、14は水平転送CCD、15
は出力アンプを示している。
Note that FIG. 3 shows an interline type CCD which is generally known as the solid-state image sensor 3. As shown in FIG. In the figure, 9 is an overflow drain for absorbing the charge overflowing in the light receiving section 8, and 10 is an electrode provided for controlling the light receiving section 8. Also, 11 is vertical transfer C
CD, 12 is a transfer gate corresponding to the TG pulse in FIG. 2, 13 is a transfer electrode, 14 is a horizontal transfer CCD, 15
indicates the output amplifier.

第4図および第5図は、このインターライン型のCOD
における、本発明の信号電荷の非蓄積動作(第4図)お
よび蓄積動作(第5図)を説明するためのポテンシャル
図であり、何れも電子を中心にして描かれている。いま
、第4図に示す非N積状態においては、オーバーフロー
ドレイン電極16には電圧が印加されており、PN接合
の受光部8で発生した信号電荷19はすへてオーバーフ
ロートレイン9に吸収されてしまう。従って受光部8に
光が当っているいないに拘らず、暗電流を構成する電荷
も信号電荷19も一切蓄積されない。なお、この図にお
いて17は転送電極、18は垂直転送CCD電極を示す
Figures 4 and 5 show this interline type COD.
FIG. 5 is a potential diagram for explaining the non-accumulating operation (FIG. 4) and the accumulating operation (FIG. 5) of signal charges of the present invention, both of which are drawn centering on electrons. Now, in the non-N product state shown in FIG. 4, a voltage is applied to the overflow drain electrode 16, and the signal charge 19 generated in the PN junction light receiving section 8 is completely absorbed by the overflow train 9. Put it away. Therefore, regardless of whether the light receiving section 8 is irradiated with light or not, neither the electric charge constituting the dark current nor the signal electric charge 19 is accumulated at all. In this figure, reference numeral 17 indicates a transfer electrode, and reference numeral 18 indicates a vertical transfer CCD electrode.

一方、第5図の蓄積状態においては信号電荷19の蓄積
時間、すなわち第2図の適正露出時間Teの間はオーバ
ーフロードレイン電極16に電圧が印加されないため、
信号電荷19が受光部8に蓄積される。この蓄積された
信号電荷19は、第2図におけるTGパルスgがt=T
、の時点で転送電極17に加わることによって垂直転送
CCD11に送られ、その転送な極18に加わるパルス
によって転送されることとなる。
On the other hand, in the accumulation state of FIG. 5, no voltage is applied to the overflow drain electrode 16 during the accumulation time of the signal charge 19, that is, the appropriate exposure time Te of FIG.
Signal charge 19 is accumulated in light receiving section 8 . This accumulated signal charge 19 is generated when the TG pulse g in FIG.
The pulse is applied to the transfer electrode 17 at the time of , and is sent to the vertical transfer CCD 11, and is transferred by the pulse applied to the transfer pole 18.

このようにして、光学式シャッターを備えた場合と同様
に信号電荷19の蓄積および読み出しが可能となるもの
である。
In this way, the signal charges 19 can be stored and read out in the same way as when an optical shutter is provided.

[発明の効果] 以上のように本発明によれば、光学式シャッターやその
開閉機構等を不要としたため、構造の簡略化を図ること
ができ、小型軽量で低置な電子スチルカメラを提供でき
るという効果がある。また、機械的なシャッター動作で
はなくこれを電子的に行っているから、製品の信頼性の
向上および長寿命化を図ることができる。
[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, since an optical shutter and its opening/closing mechanism are not required, the structure can be simplified, and a small, lightweight, and low-mounted electronic still camera can be provided. There is an effect. Furthermore, since the shutter operation is performed electronically rather than mechanically, the reliability of the product can be improved and its lifespan can be extended.

更に、信号電荷の蓄積時間以外は暗電流をすべて排除で
きるため、ダイナミックレンジの広い高画質の静止画像
が得られるという効果がある。
Furthermore, since all dark current can be eliminated except during the signal charge accumulation time, there is an effect that a high-quality still image with a wide dynamic range can be obtained.

加えて、レリーズ釦を押圧した後に固体撮像素子を瞬時
のうちに信号電荷蓄積状態にすることができるから、高
速・連写が可能となり、コマ/秒数を増加させることが
できる等、種々の効果を有する。
In addition, the solid-state image sensor can be put into a signal charge accumulation state instantly after the release button is pressed, making it possible to perform high-speed continuous shooting and increase the number of frames per second. have an effect.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

図は本発明の一実施例を示すもので、第1図は概略構成
図、第2図はタイミングチャート、第3図はインターラ
イン型CCDの説明図、第4図および第5図は非蓄積動
作および蓄積動作を説明するためのポテンシャル図であ
る。
The figures show one embodiment of the present invention, in which Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram, Fig. 2 is a timing chart, Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an interline type CCD, and Figs. 4 and 5 are non-storage CCDs. FIG. 4 is a potential diagram for explaining operation and storage operation.

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)光学像を結像させるレンズと、結像された前記光
学像を電気信号に変換する固体撮像素子と、前記光学像
に対する露出を決定する測光・露出演算回路とを備えた
電子スチルカメラにおいて、前記測光・露出演算回路か
ら得られた露出時間情報を受けてレリーズ信号発生直後
の垂直同期信号より前記固体撮像素子の電荷蓄積動作を
開始させるタイミングを決定するTx演算回路と、前記
固体撮像素子に蓄積動作を行わせる蓄積動作制御回路と
を設け、この蓄積動作制御回路から発生される蓄積動作
信号の終期を前記垂直同期信号に一致させたことを特徴
とする電子スチルカメラ。
(1) An electronic still camera equipped with a lens that forms an optical image, a solid-state image sensor that converts the formed optical image into an electrical signal, and a photometry/exposure calculation circuit that determines exposure to the optical image. a Tx arithmetic circuit that receives exposure time information obtained from the photometry/exposure arithmetic circuit and determines a timing for starting a charge accumulation operation of the solid-state image sensor based on a vertical synchronization signal immediately after a release signal is generated; 1. An electronic still camera, comprising: an accumulation operation control circuit for causing an element to perform an accumulation operation; and an end of an accumulation operation signal generated from the accumulation operation control circuit is made to coincide with the vertical synchronization signal.
(2)Tx演算回路は、Tx=nT−Te (ここで、Te;露出時間、T;垂直同期信号の周期、
n;Te/T<n<1+Te/Tを満足する整数)なる
演算を行い、垂直同期信号が発せられてから固体撮像素
子の蓄積動作を開始させるまでの期間Txを決定するよ
うに構成されてなる特許請求範囲第1項記載の電子スチ
ルカメラ。
(2) The Tx calculation circuit calculates Tx=nT-Te (where Te: exposure time, T: period of vertical synchronization signal,
n; an integer that satisfies Te/T<n<1+Te/T) to determine the period Tx from when the vertical synchronization signal is issued to when the solid-state image sensor starts the accumulation operation. An electronic still camera according to claim 1.
JP60187652A 1985-08-27 1985-08-27 Electronic still camera Pending JPS6248182A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60187652A JPS6248182A (en) 1985-08-27 1985-08-27 Electronic still camera

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60187652A JPS6248182A (en) 1985-08-27 1985-08-27 Electronic still camera

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6248182A true JPS6248182A (en) 1987-03-02

Family

ID=16209841

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP60187652A Pending JPS6248182A (en) 1985-08-27 1985-08-27 Electronic still camera

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6248182A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01161976A (en) * 1987-12-18 1989-06-26 Toshiba Corp X-ray photographing device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01161976A (en) * 1987-12-18 1989-06-26 Toshiba Corp X-ray photographing device

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