JPS6238421A - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display element

Info

Publication number
JPS6238421A
JPS6238421A JP17795385A JP17795385A JPS6238421A JP S6238421 A JPS6238421 A JP S6238421A JP 17795385 A JP17795385 A JP 17795385A JP 17795385 A JP17795385 A JP 17795385A JP S6238421 A JPS6238421 A JP S6238421A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
panel
base boards
crystal display
display element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP17795385A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Shingo Fujita
晋吾 藤田
Hiroshi Tatsuta
竜田 博
Toshio Tatemichi
立道 敏夫
Isako Kikuchi
菊池 伊佐子
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP17795385A priority Critical patent/JPS6238421A/en
Publication of JPS6238421A publication Critical patent/JPS6238421A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain high visibility even at the time of high time division driving having 100 or more scanning electrodes by providing liquid crystal molecules sealed between upper and lower base boards with spiral structure twisted in the thickness direction of the base boards and specifying the ratio of the gap between the base boards to the pitch of liquid crystal mixture. CONSTITUTION:Nematic liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy and sandwiched between the two upper and lower base boards are provided with the spiral structure twisted in the thickness direction of the panel within the range of 180-360 deg. and a chiral nematic twist type liquid crystal panel optimizing the adhering angle of two straight polarizing plates is formed, so that the liquid crystal panel can be provided with sharp voltage-luminance characteristics and the liquid crystal display element indicating high display quality even at the time of time division driving having 100 or more scanning lines can be practically obtained. When the ratio of the interval (d) between the base boards to the pitch (p) of the liquid crystal mixture is set up to <=0.2-1.0, sharp threshold characteristics can be given to the liquid crystal panel.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は液晶表示素子に関するものであり、特にキラル
ネマチソクーツイスト型の液晶パネルを用いた、時分割
駆動用ドツトマトリクス型液晶表示素子に関するもので
ある。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a dot matrix type liquid crystal display device for time-division driving using a chiral nematic twist type liquid crystal panel. be.

従来の技術 近年、マイコン、LSIを内蔵した機器の増加に伴って
、簡易な表示用デバイスとして、ドツトマトリクス型表
示器のニーズが高まっている。また高度情報化社会への
対応からそれにふされしい高度の表示能力を持った簡便
なディスプレイの出現が望まれている。すなわち液晶パ
ネルとしては高視認性で且つ表示容量の大きなものが望
まれている。
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, as the number of devices incorporating microcomputers and LSIs has increased, there has been an increasing need for dot matrix displays as simple display devices. In addition, in order to respond to the highly information-oriented society, it is desired that a simple display with a high level of display capability befitting the society will emerge. That is, a liquid crystal panel with high visibility and a large display capacity is desired.

ドツトマトリクス型液晶パネルの場合、大きな表示容量
を持つことは、そのパネルの走査線数が多くなることに
なる。すなわちそのパネルに印加されるON時の電圧値
とOFF時の電圧値との比が非常に小さい値しか取れな
くなることを意味する。すなわちこれが通常のドツトマ
トリクスパネルの駆動に用いられている電圧平均化法で
あり、走査線数を多く出来ない理由である。〔文献ビー
・エム・アルタ他アイイーイーイー・ トランス・エレ
クトロン・デバイスイーディー21 ナンバー2 、1
46ページ(1974年) : (P、M。
In the case of a dot matrix type liquid crystal panel, having a large display capacity means that the number of scanning lines of the panel increases. That is, this means that the ratio between the ON voltage value and the OFF voltage value applied to the panel can only take a very small value. That is, this is the voltage averaging method used to drive a normal dot matrix panel, and is the reason why the number of scanning lines cannot be increased. [References BM Alta et al. IEE Trans Electron Device EED 21 Number 2, 1
Page 46 (1974): (P, M.

人1ta、et  al :  Scanning  
1−1m1tation  ofliquid−cry
stal displays IEEE  Trans
Person 1ta, et al: Scanning
1-1mltation ofliquid-cry
stal displays IEEE Trans
.

Electron Devices  ED−21、N
o 、2.p 。
Electron Devices ED-21, N
o, 2. p.

この様に走査線数の多いドツトマトリクス型液晶表示パ
ネルを電圧平均化法で駆動するかぎりON時とOFF時
との電圧比が小さい値でも高視認性を得るだめには液晶
パネルの電気光学特性、すなわち電圧−輝度特性をシャ
ープなものとしなければならない。
As described above, as long as a dot matrix type liquid crystal display panel with a large number of scanning lines is driven using the voltage averaging method, the electro-optical characteristics of the liquid crystal panel must be maintained in order to obtain high visibility even when the voltage ratio between ON and OFF is small. In other words, the voltage-luminance characteristics must be sharp.

従来のドツトマトリクス型液晶表示装置の主流である9
0度の捻れ角を持つツイスト−ネマチック(TN)型液
晶パネルにおいては、この様な要求にたいしてネマチッ
ク液晶材料の物性値の改良やパネル構成の工夫により特
性の向上を図ってきた。すなわちネマチック液晶材料面
からの検討として曲げの弾性常数に33と拡がりの弾性
定数に11との比を小さくする取組や誘電率異方性Δε
と液晶分子軸の垂直方向の誘電率ε(垂直)との比を小
さくする取組がなされておシ、パネル構成面からの取組
としては偏光板の配置やパネル間隙を最適化することで
対処してきたが、現在のところ上記要求、すなわち走査
線数が100本以上の表示品位にたいしてこのような液
晶パネルでは充分な特性を得るに至っていないことでそ
の改良が望まれている。
9, which is the mainstream of conventional dot matrix type liquid crystal display devices.
In response to these demands, efforts have been made to improve the characteristics of twisted nematic (TN) type liquid crystal panels having a twist angle of 0 degrees by improving the physical properties of nematic liquid crystal materials and devising panel configurations. In other words, from the perspective of nematic liquid crystal materials, efforts were made to reduce the ratio of the bending elastic constant of 33 and the spreading elastic constant of 11, and to reduce the dielectric anisotropy Δε.
Efforts have been made to reduce the ratio of dielectric constant ε (perpendicular) to the perpendicular direction of the liquid crystal molecule axis, and from the perspective of panel construction, this has been addressed by optimizing the arrangement of polarizing plates and the panel gap. However, at present, such liquid crystal panels do not have sufficient characteristics to meet the above requirements, that is, display quality with a number of scanning lines of 100 or more, and improvements are desired.

以下図面を参照しながら従来のツイスト−ネマチック型
液晶パネルの電気光学特性について説明する。
The electro-optical characteristics of a conventional twisted nematic liquid crystal panel will be explained below with reference to the drawings.

第2図は従来のツイスト−ネマチック型液晶パネルの電
気光学特性を示しており、横軸は印加電圧であり縦軸は
相対輝度である。ここでしきい値特性のシャープネスを
評価するパラメータとしてγを定義すると、相対輝度1
0%を与える印加電圧をV10%とし、相対輝度5o%
を与える印加電圧をV50%として、その比v60%/
v10饅をγとして定義する。従来のツイスト−ネマチ
ック(TN)型液晶パネルのしきい値特性、すなわち電
圧−輝度特性をシャープなものとするだめに液晶材料の
物性値の改良や液晶パネル構成としての工夫、例えば偏
光板の偏光軸の交叉角を最適化する対策がなされている
パネルでもγは1.132であった(第2図参照)。γ
が1.132であると言うことは先に述べた電圧平均化
法で駆動するかぎり次式 %式%(1) による計算から走査線数としては100本以下でしか駆
動できないことになる。
FIG. 2 shows the electro-optical characteristics of a conventional twisted nematic liquid crystal panel, where the horizontal axis is the applied voltage and the vertical axis is the relative brightness. Here, if we define γ as a parameter for evaluating the sharpness of the threshold characteristic, then the relative brightness 1
The applied voltage that gives 0% is V10%, and the relative brightness is 5o%.
Assuming that the applied voltage that gives V50% is the ratio v60%/
Define v10 rice cake as γ. In order to sharpen the threshold characteristics, that is, the voltage-luminance characteristics, of the conventional twisted-nematic (TN) type liquid crystal panel, improvements in the physical properties of the liquid crystal material and ingenuity in the liquid crystal panel configuration, such as the polarization of the polarizing plate, are required. Even in the panel in which measures were taken to optimize the intersection angle of the axes, γ was 1.132 (see Figure 2). γ
is 1.132, which means that as long as the drive is performed using the voltage averaging method described above, the number of scanning lines can only be driven at 100 or less as calculated by the following equation (1).

発明が解決しようとする問題点 前項で述べた如〈従来の90度の捻れ角を持つライスト
ルネマチック(TN )型液晶パネルではそのしきい値
特性、すなわち電圧−輝度特性をシャープなものとする
ために液晶材料の物性値の改良への取組や液晶パネルと
しての構成の工夫、例えば偏光板の偏光軸の交叉角を最
適化する等の取組が従来から行なわれてきた。しかし従
来のパネル構成ではその様な改善や最適化を図っても走
査線数としては64本程度の表示容量での視認性が液晶
ディスプレイとしての限界であり其以上走査線数を多く
するとかなり見にくいディスプレイとなりその改善が望
まれている。
Problems to be Solved by the Invention As stated in the previous section, it is necessary to sharpen the threshold characteristic, that is, the voltage-luminance characteristic, in the conventional Lys tournematic (TN) type liquid crystal panel with a twist angle of 90 degrees. To this end, efforts have been made to improve the physical properties of liquid crystal materials and to devise the structure of liquid crystal panels, such as optimizing the crossing angle of the polarization axes of polarizing plates. However, with conventional panel configurations, even with such improvements and optimization, visibility at a display capacity of about 64 scanning lines is the limit for LCD displays, and if the number of scanning lines is increased beyond that, it becomes quite difficult to see. It is hoped that improvements will be made to the display.

本発明は上記問題点に鑑み、走査電極数が100本以上
の高時分割駆動時においても良好な視認性を実現できる
液晶表示素子を提供するものである。
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a liquid crystal display element that can realize good visibility even during high time division driving with 100 or more scanning electrodes.

問題点を解決するための手段 そこで本発明者らは従来の液晶分子の捻れ角が90度で
ある、ツイストネマチック(TN)型とは異なった構成
の液晶パネルを提案するものである。すなわち2枚の上
下基板間にはさまれた、負の誘電異方性を有するネマチ
ック液晶分子がパネルの厚さ方向に180度から360
度の範囲に捻れたラセン構造を有し、かつ2枚の直線偏
光板の貼り合わせ角度を最適化したキラルネマチック・
ツイスト型液晶パネルとすることで、電圧−輝度特性の
急峻な液晶パネルを得ることができ、走査線数が100
本以上の時分割駆動時においても良好な表示品位を示す
液晶表示素子を具体化するものである。
Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors therefore propose a liquid crystal panel having a structure different from the conventional twisted nematic (TN) type in which the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules is 90 degrees. In other words, nematic liquid crystal molecules with negative dielectric anisotropy sandwiched between two upper and lower substrates rotate from 180 degrees to 360 degrees in the thickness direction of the panel.
A chiral nematic film with a helical structure twisted within a degree range and with an optimized bonding angle of two linear polarizing plates.
By using a twisted type liquid crystal panel, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal panel with steep voltage-luminance characteristics, and the number of scanning lines is 100.
The present invention embodies a liquid crystal display element that exhibits good display quality even during time-division driving of more than one line.

作用 本発明者らはコレステリック−ツイストまたはキラルネ
マチックーツイスト型液晶パネルのパネ層構成を特定す
ることでシャープな電圧−輝度特性を得、走査線数が1
00本以上の時分割駆動時でも良好な表示品位を示す液
晶表示装置を具体化せしめる事ができた。このことは電
気光学的効果を利用する液晶表示素子、特に時分割駆動
して用いるドツトマトリクス型の液晶表示素子としては
なはだ重要な意義を持つものである。以下に本発明を一
層明確なものとする為の実施例について説明する。
By specifying the panel layer structure of a cholesteric-twist or chiral nematic-twist type liquid crystal panel, the present inventors have obtained sharp voltage-luminance characteristics and achieved a structure with a scanning line count of 1.
We were able to materialize a liquid crystal display device that exhibits good display quality even when time-divisionally driving 00 or more lines. This is of great significance for liquid crystal display elements that utilize electro-optic effects, particularly for dot matrix type liquid crystal display elements that are driven in a time-division manner. Examples for making the present invention more clear will be described below.

実施例 以下、本発明の実施例について、図面を参照しながら説
明する。
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(実施例1) 第1図は本発明の一実施例を説明するための液晶表示素
子の液晶分子配向方向と偏光板の軸との関係を示しだも
のである。第1図において、1は上側電極基板のラビン
グ方向、2は下側電極基板のラビング方向、3は上側偏
光板の偏光軸(あるいは吸収軸)、4は下側偏光板の偏
光軸(あるいは吸収軸)を示す。液晶分子を配向させる
手段としてば、ラビングと界面活性剤を組み合わせる方
法を用いた。すなわち、S io2膜で皺覆した基板を
ラビングした後、界面活性剤を塗布した。この様にする
ことにより、基板に接する液晶分子は、基板面にほぼ垂
直に配向する。
(Example 1) FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules of a liquid crystal display element and the axis of a polarizing plate for explaining one example of the present invention. In Figure 1, 1 is the rubbing direction of the upper electrode substrate, 2 is the rubbing direction of the lower electrode substrate, 3 is the polarization axis (or absorption axis) of the upper polarizer, and 4 is the polarization axis (or absorption axis) of the lower polarizer. axis). As a means of aligning liquid crystal molecules, a method of combining rubbing and a surfactant was used. That is, after rubbing the substrate wrinkled with the S io2 film, a surfactant was applied. By doing so, the liquid crystal molecules in contact with the substrate are aligned substantially perpendicularly to the substrate surface.

さらに従来のTN型液晶パネルのパネル製造法と同様の
手法にて組立を行うが、その際、上下両基板のラビング
方向の交蓬角を右捻れ(パネルの上面から見て反時計回
り方向)の270度とし、かつ、パネル間隙dを7.5
μmとした。そのパネルに注入する液晶組成物には右捻
れギラルネマチック液晶であるB、D、H,社製のCB
−15を適1・添加してピッチpを合わせることにより
d/pが0.65となる様にした。
Furthermore, assembly is performed using the same method as the panel manufacturing method of conventional TN type liquid crystal panels, but at that time, the intersection angle of the rubbing direction of both the upper and lower substrates is twisted to the right (counterclockwise direction when viewed from the top of the panel). 270 degrees, and the panel gap d is 7.5
It was set as μm. The liquid crystal composition injected into the panel is CB manufactured by B, D, H, which is a right-handed gyral nematic liquid crystal.
By adding an appropriate amount of -15 and adjusting the pitch p, d/p was made to be 0.65.

第3図は、第1の実施例の液晶表示素子の動作を説明す
るものである。aは電圧無印加状態を示す。液晶分子は
基板面に対して、はぼ垂直に配向しているため、パネル
中において光は状態を変えずに透過する。bは電圧を印
加した時の図である。
FIG. 3 explains the operation of the liquid crystal display element of the first embodiment. a indicates a state in which no voltage is applied. Since the liquid crystal molecules are oriented almost perpendicularly to the substrate surface, light passes through the panel without changing its state. b is a diagram when voltage is applied.

液晶分子は負の誘電異方性を有するので、基板面にほぼ
平行となり、かつ、ラビングしたことによって制御され
、パネルの厚み方向に沿って約270塵捨れた構造とな
る。この時、パネル中を伝播する光は、液晶分子軸の旋
回に伴って、旋光する。
Since the liquid crystal molecules have negative dielectric anisotropy, they are approximately parallel to the substrate surface, and controlled by rubbing, resulting in a structure in which about 270 particles are separated along the thickness direction of the panel. At this time, the light propagating through the panel undergoes optical rotation as the liquid crystal molecular axes rotate.

従って、偏光板を適切に設置すれば、aとbの状態で明
暗をつけることができる。
Therefore, if the polarizing plate is properly installed, it is possible to provide brightness and darkness in states a and b.

第4図に上述した構造を有するキラルネマチック・ツイ
スト型液晶パネルの電気光学特性を示す。
FIG. 4 shows the electro-optical characteristics of the chiral nematic twisted liquid crystal panel having the structure described above.

横軸は印加電圧であり、縦軸は相対輝度である○このと
き、しきい値特性の急峻度を評価するパラメータとして
のγ値は1.037であり、先に示した(1)式によれ
ば走査線数が100本以上の場合でも時分割駆動が充分
に可能である。
The horizontal axis is the applied voltage, and the vertical axis is the relative brightness. At this time, the γ value, which is a parameter for evaluating the steepness of the threshold characteristic, is 1.037, and the equation (1) shown above is According to this, time-division driving is fully possible even when the number of scanning lines is 100 or more.

ところで、d/pを0.2以下にすると液晶分子の捻れ
角を180度から360度の節回に設定することは困難
である。また、d/pを1.0以上とした場合、電気光
学特性においてヒステリシスを生じ、このために時分割
駆動性が悪化し、良好な視認性を得ることができなかっ
た。
By the way, when d/p is set to 0.2 or less, it is difficult to set the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules from 180 degrees to 360 degrees. Furthermore, when d/p is 1.0 or more, hysteresis occurs in the electro-optical characteristics, which deteriorates time-division driveability and makes it impossible to obtain good visibility.

以上の説明から明白である様に、本発明は液晶分子の捻
れ角を180度から360度の間に設定し、かつ、d/
pを0.2以上1.0以下とすることで、しきい値特性
の急峻な液晶パネルとすることができ1.高時分割、駆
動においても良好な視認性を得ることが可能となった。
As is clear from the above description, the present invention sets the twist angle of liquid crystal molecules between 180 degrees and 360 degrees, and d/
By setting p to 0.2 or more and 1.0 or less, a liquid crystal panel with steep threshold characteristics can be obtained.1. It has become possible to obtain good visibility even in high time division and driving.

発明の効果 以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明は液晶分子の捻
れ角を180度から360度の間の捻れとし、かつd/
pを0.20以上乃至1.Q以下とすることでしきい値
特性のシャープな液晶パネルとすることができたことで
高時分割5駆動時、すなわち走査線数が100本以上の
場合においても良好な視認性を得られるという優れた効
果が得られた。
Effects of the Invention As is clear from the above explanation, the present invention makes the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules between 180 degrees and 360 degrees, and d/
p is 0.20 or more to 1. By setting Q or less, we were able to create a liquid crystal panel with sharp threshold characteristics, which enables good visibility even during high time division 5 drive, that is, when the number of scanning lines is 100 or more. Excellent results were obtained.

そしてその効果により高品位な液晶表示装置とすること
が出来る。
Due to this effect, a high-quality liquid crystal display device can be obtained.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明になる第1の実施例の液晶表示素子にお
ける液晶分子配向方向と偏光板の偏光軸との関係を示す
図、第2図は従来例によるTN型液晶パネルのしきい値
の特性図、第3図は本発明による第1の実施例の液晶表
示素子の動作を説明する構成図、第4図は本発明による
第1の実施例の液晶表示素子のしきい値の特性図である
。 1・・・・・・上側電極基板上の液晶分子配向方向、2
・・・・・・下側電極基板上の液晶分子配向方向、3・
・・・・・上側偏光板の偏光軸方向、4・・・・・・下
側偏光板の偏光軸方向、5・・・・・・液晶分子の捻れ
方向、6・・・・・・液晶分子、7・・・・・・偏光板
、8・・・・・・基板、9・・・・・・電極。 代理人の氏名 弁理士 中 尾 敏 男 ほか1名第2
図 叩力ば艷工(Vott) 第3図 ζQ−2 (b)
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the orientation direction of liquid crystal molecules and the polarization axis of the polarizing plate in a liquid crystal display element according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the threshold value of a conventional TN type liquid crystal panel. 3 is a configuration diagram explaining the operation of the liquid crystal display element of the first embodiment according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram of the threshold value of the liquid crystal display element of the first embodiment according to the present invention. It is a diagram. 1...Liquid crystal molecule orientation direction on the upper electrode substrate, 2
・・・・・・Liquid crystal molecule alignment direction on the lower electrode substrate, 3.
... Polarization axis direction of upper polarizing plate, 4 ... Polarization axis direction of lower polarizing plate, 5 ... Twisting direction of liquid crystal molecules, 6 ... Liquid crystal Molecule, 7...Polarizing plate, 8...Substrate, 9...Electrode. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and 1 other person 2nd
Figure Vott Figure 3 ζQ-2 (b)

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 負の誘電異方性を有し、旋光性物質が添加されたネマチ
ック液晶組成物を用いた捻れ型液晶表示素子であって、
上下基板間の液晶分子が上記基板の厚さ方向に180度
から360度の範囲に捻れたラセン構造を有し、かつ、
上記基板間の間隙dと上記液晶混合物のピッチpとの比
d/pを0.2以上乃至1.0以下に設定したことを特
徴とする液晶表示素子。
A twisted liquid crystal display element using a nematic liquid crystal composition having negative dielectric anisotropy and added with an optically active substance,
Liquid crystal molecules between the upper and lower substrates have a helical structure twisted in a range of 180 degrees to 360 degrees in the thickness direction of the substrates, and
A liquid crystal display element characterized in that a ratio d/p between the gap d between the substrates and the pitch p of the liquid crystal mixture is set to 0.2 or more and 1.0 or less.
JP17795385A 1985-08-13 1985-08-13 Liquid crystal display element Pending JPS6238421A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP17795385A JPS6238421A (en) 1985-08-13 1985-08-13 Liquid crystal display element

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP17795385A JPS6238421A (en) 1985-08-13 1985-08-13 Liquid crystal display element

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6238421A true JPS6238421A (en) 1987-02-19

Family

ID=16039967

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP17795385A Pending JPS6238421A (en) 1985-08-13 1985-08-13 Liquid crystal display element

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6238421A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62127714A (en) * 1985-11-29 1987-06-10 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd Liquid crystal display
JPH02247349A (en) * 1989-03-22 1990-10-03 Sky Alum Co Ltd Aluminum alloy rolled sheet for cover of can vessel having excellent pitting corrosion resistance
US5621558A (en) * 1994-04-20 1997-04-15 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal electro-optical device having alignment films for perpendicular alignment

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62127714A (en) * 1985-11-29 1987-06-10 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd Liquid crystal display
JPH0439648B2 (en) * 1985-11-29 1992-06-30
JPH02247349A (en) * 1989-03-22 1990-10-03 Sky Alum Co Ltd Aluminum alloy rolled sheet for cover of can vessel having excellent pitting corrosion resistance
JPH0532457B2 (en) * 1989-03-22 1993-05-17 Sky Aluminium
US5621558A (en) * 1994-04-20 1997-04-15 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal electro-optical device having alignment films for perpendicular alignment

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