JPS62280721A - Ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel - Google Patents
Ferroelectric liquid crystal display panelInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62280721A JPS62280721A JP12391686A JP12391686A JPS62280721A JP S62280721 A JPS62280721 A JP S62280721A JP 12391686 A JP12391686 A JP 12391686A JP 12391686 A JP12391686 A JP 12391686A JP S62280721 A JPS62280721 A JP S62280721A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- photosensitive polyimide
- layer
- crystal display
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000005262 ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
３、発明の詳細な説明
産業上の利用分野
本発明は液晶表示パネルの構成に係わり、特に所定の厚
みで均一なパネル間隙を形成する強誘電性液晶表示パネ
ルに関するものである。Detailed Description of the Invention 3. Detailed Description of the Invention Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to the structure of a liquid crystal display panel, and particularly relates to a ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel that forms a uniform panel gap with a predetermined thickness. It is.
従来の技術
近年、マイコン、ＬＳＩを内蔵した機器の増加に伴って
、簡易な表示用デバイスとして、ドントマトリクス型表
示器のニーズが高まっている。また高度情報化社会への
対応からそれにふされしい高度の表示能力を持った筒便
なディスプレイの出現が望まれている。すなわち液晶パ
ネルとしては、高視認性でかつ表示容量の大きなものが
望まれている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, as the number of devices incorporating microcomputers and LSIs has increased, there has been an increasing need for donmatrix display devices as simple display devices. Furthermore, in order to respond to the highly information-oriented society, it is desired that a convenient display with a high level of display capability befitting the society will emerge. In other words, a liquid crystal panel that has high visibility and a large display capacity is desired.
ドントマトリクス型液晶パネルの場合、大きな表示容量
を持つことは、その見易さの点からもどうしても大型化
せざるを得ない、すなわち従来の腕時計や電卓とことな
り液晶パネルの寸法がかなり大きくなることで、その製
造時にパネル間隙を所定の厚みで均一に作ることが重要
になる。また、一方強誘電性液晶パネルは高速応答性５
メモリ性。In the case of donmatrix type liquid crystal panels, having a large display capacity means that they must be large in terms of ease of viewing.In other words, the size of the liquid crystal panel is quite large, unlike conventional watches and calculators. Therefore, it is important to create a uniform panel gap with a predetermined thickness during manufacturing. On the other hand, ferroelectric liquid crystal panels have a high-speed response of 5
Memory property.
しきい値特性等の点において、現在広く用いられている
ネマチック液晶を越える特性をもつと言われ注目されて
いるが、一般に強誘電性液晶パネルは通常用いられるＴ
Ｎ液晶パネルに比べ薄いセル厚を必要とするため、より
精度の高いパネル間隙を作ることが重要になる。Ferroelectric liquid crystal panels are attracting attention because they are said to have characteristics that exceed those of the currently widely used nematic liquid crystal in terms of threshold characteristics, etc.; however, in general, ferroelectric liquid crystal panels are
Since it requires a thinner cell thickness than an N liquid crystal panel, it is important to create a more precise panel gap.
さらに、大型化に伴い、１１掻長が大きくなることで、
電極抵抗による信号電圧減衰が重要な問題になっている
。このため一部のパネルにおいては低抵抗導電性バスバ
ーを用いることにより、電捲抵抗による信号電圧減衰の
問題を解決しようとしている。Furthermore, as the size increases, the 11 stroke length increases,
Signal voltage attenuation due to electrode resistance has become an important problem. For this reason, some panels are attempting to solve the problem of signal voltage attenuation due to winding resistance by using low-resistance conductive bus bars.
以下図面を参照しながら、電極抵抗と信号電圧減衰に関
して説明する。第２図は、液晶パネルの等価回路図であ
る。第２図において、９は入力端子（Ｖ、）、１０は出
力電圧（ｖｏ）、１１は電橋抵抗側、１２は液晶の電気
容量０である。第２図より電橋抵抗と信号電圧減衰につ
いて計蒐を行うと、分布定数回路の式より、
ただし、Ｇ＝ｊ２πｆｃ、ｘ：受信端からの距離Ｖｅｘ
）−Ｖｏ・ｃｏｓｈ（Ｒ−Ｃｒ）ｘ −・−・＋２
１信号電圧減衰率０は入力電圧（Ｖ、） 、と出力電圧
（ｖｏ）の比となり、
・・・・・・（３）
と表わされる。Electrode resistance and signal voltage attenuation will be explained below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the liquid crystal panel. In FIG. 2, 9 is an input terminal (V), 10 is an output voltage (VO), 11 is a bridge resistance side, and 12 is a liquid crystal capacitance of 0. From Figure 2, we calculate the bridge resistance and signal voltage attenuation, and from the distributed constant circuit formula, G = j2πfc, x: distance from the receiving end Vex
)-Vo・cosh(R-Cr)x −・−・+2
1 signal voltage attenuation rate 0 is the ratio of the input voltage (V, ) and the output voltage (vo), and is expressed as (3).
ただし、
！／２
θ−Ｌ ・ （４π（−ｃ −Ｒ）
・・・・・・（４）Ｌ：電極長（ホ） Ｃ：単位
長容量（Ｆ／ｓ）ｒ：信号周波数（ｌｌｚ）Ｒ：単位長
抵抗（Ω／曽）また、（４）式は液晶の誘電率εを用い
て表わすと１：電極長（ｃｓ） 、Ｒｏ ： ｉｔ電極
抵抗Ω／口）。however, ! /2 θ−L ・(4π(−c −R)
・・・・・・(4) L: Electrode length (E) C: Unit length capacitance (F/s) r: Signal frequency (llz) R: Unit length resistance (Ω/so) Also, equation (4) is Expressed using the dielectric constant ε of liquid crystal, 1: electrode length (cs), Ro: it electrode resistance Ω/gate).
ｄ：セルギャップ（μｍ） ε：液晶比誘電率。d: Cell gap (μm) ε: Liquid crystal relative dielectric constant.
ε。：真空の誘電率
パラメータθと信号電圧減衰率との関係をグラフにした
ものが第３図である。第３図から、θが大きくなるにつ
れて信号電圧減衰も大きくなることがわかる。減衰率を
小さくするためには、θを小さくしなければならず、そ
のため電橋抵抗（Ｒｏ）を小さくする必要がある。電極
抵抗を小さくするために細いライン状の低抵抗導電性物
質（バスバー）を透明電橋上に設け、全体の抵抗を小さ
くしてやることにより、電極抵抗による信号電圧減衰の
小さい表示品位の高い液晶表示パネルを得ることができ
る。ε. : FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the vacuum permittivity parameter θ and the signal voltage attenuation rate. From FIG. 3, it can be seen that as θ increases, the signal voltage attenuation also increases. In order to reduce the attenuation rate, it is necessary to reduce θ, and therefore it is necessary to reduce the bridge resistance (Ro). In order to reduce electrode resistance, thin line-shaped low-resistance conductive materials (busbars) are placed on the transparent electric bridge to reduce the overall resistance, resulting in a high-quality liquid crystal display panel with less signal voltage attenuation due to electrode resistance. can be obtained.
以下図面を参照しながら、上述した従来の低抵抗導電性
バスバーを用いた液晶表示パネルの一例について説明す
る。第４図は従来の強誘電性液晶表示パネルの構成図で
ある。第４図において、１３□ １４は基板、１５．１
６は電橋、１７は低抵抗導電性バスバー、１８はシール
樹脂、１９はスペーサ、２０は強誘電性液晶である。An example of a liquid crystal display panel using the above-described conventional low resistance conductive bus bar will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a conventional ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel. In Fig. 4, 13□ 14 is the substrate, 15.1
6 is an electric bridge, 17 is a low resistance conductive bus bar, 18 is a sealing resin, 19 is a spacer, and 20 is a ferroelectric liquid crystal.
従来液晶表示パネルの間隙の制御は、所定径のスペーサ
１９を一方の基板上に分散した後に所定の方法により、
上下両基板１３．１４を貼り合わせ、その後、鉄ブロッ
クのようなもので荷重をかけながら所定温度にてシール
樹脂を硬化させて行っている。Conventionally, the gap in a liquid crystal display panel is controlled by distributing spacers 19 of a predetermined diameter on one substrate and then using a predetermined method.
Both the upper and lower substrates 13 and 14 are bonded together, and then the sealing resin is cured at a predetermined temperature while applying a load with something like an iron block.
第５図は基板電極上に上記低抵抗導電性バスバーを形成
する工程図である。第５図において２１は電極、２２は
基板、２３は低抵抗導電性膜、２４はマスクパターン、
２５は感光性有機高分子膜層、２６は感光性有機高分子
層、２７は低抵抗導電性バスバーである。FIG. 5 is a process diagram for forming the low resistance conductive bus bar on the substrate electrode. In FIG. 5, 21 is an electrode, 22 is a substrate, 23 is a low resistance conductive film, 24 is a mask pattern,
25 is a photosensitive organic polymer film layer, 26 is a photosensitive organic polymer layer, and 27 is a low resistance conductive bus bar.
低抵抗導電性バスバー２７は、あらかじめストライブ状
に形成した電極２１上全面に低抵抗導電性膜２３を形成
し、さらに低抵抗導電性膜２４上に感光性有機高分子膜
層（フォトレジスト）２５を形成し、予め形成されたマ
スクパターン２４を用いて露光、現像し、エツチングし
て帯状のバーを得、最後に［有］光性有機高分子層２６
を剥離して形成している。The low-resistance conductive bus bar 27 has a low-resistance conductive film 23 formed on the entire surface of the electrode 21 formed in a stripe shape in advance, and a photosensitive organic polymer film layer (photoresist) on the low-resistance conductive film 24. 25 is formed, exposed to light using a pre-formed mask pattern 24, developed, and etched to obtain a band-shaped bar, and finally a photoactive organic polymer layer 26 is formed.
It is formed by peeling off.
発明が解決しようとする問題点
しかしながら上記のようなパネル構成では、低抵抗導電
性バスバー形成の際、感光性有機高分子物質剥離の工程
を必要とし、さらにスペーサ分散の工程も必要である。Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in the above-described panel configuration, when forming a low-resistance conductive bus bar, a process of peeling off a photosensitive organic polymer substance is required, and a process of dispersing spacers is also required.
特にスペーサ分散の際には、スペーサ自身の厚み精度お
よび分散性によりセル厚にバラツキが生じ、均一なパネ
ル間隙を得るためには、工数面および作業面から製造上
大きな問題を存していた。In particular, when dispersing spacers, variations in cell thickness occur due to the thickness accuracy and dispersibility of the spacers themselves, and in order to obtain uniform panel gaps, there are major manufacturing problems in terms of man-hours and work.
本発明は上記問題点に鑑み、工数を低減し、さらに均一
なセル間隙を保持した強誘電性液晶パネルを提供するも
のである。In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a ferroelectric liquid crystal panel that reduces the number of man-hours and maintains uniform cell gaps.
問題点を解決するための手段
上記問題点を解決するために本発明の強誘電性液晶表示
パネルは少なくとも一方の電極上に低抵抗導電性バスバ
ーを有し、前記バスバー上に所定の厚みの絶縁性物質を
設け、パネル間隙を制御するという構成を備えたもので
ある。Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel of the present invention has a low resistance conductive bus bar on at least one electrode, and an insulating film of a predetermined thickness on the bus bar. The panel is equipped with a structure in which a magnetic material is provided to control the panel gap.
作用
本発明は上記した構成で、低抵抗導電性バスバー形成途
中に生じる絶縁性バスバーをパネル間隙制御に用いるこ
とによって、作業工数を低減し、パネル間隙の精度を高
め均一にするという作用を存している。Effects The present invention has the above-described structure, and has the effect of reducing the number of work steps and improving the precision of the panel gaps and making them uniform by using the insulating bus bars generated during the formation of low resistance conductive bus bars to control the panel gaps. ing.
実施例
以下本発明の一実施例の強誘電性液晶表示パネルについ
て、図面を参照しながら説明する。EXAMPLE A ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel according to an example of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
第１図は本発明の実施例における液晶表示パネルの構成
図である。第１図において１．２は基板、３．４はｔｉ
、５は低抵抗導電性バスバー、６はシール樹脂、７は感
光性有機高分子層、８は強誘電性液晶である。予め、ガ
ラス基板１上にストライプ状に形成した電極３上全域に
低抵抗導電性物質としてＥＢ蒸着法でＣｒ（１５００人
）、 Ａ １ （ｌｕｍ）層を設け、このＣｒ、Ａ１層
上に感光性有機高分子膜層として感光性ポリイミドのフ
ォトニースＵＲ−３１００（東し株式会社ａ！Ｉ）をス
ピンナー法で塗布する０次いで幅５０μｍ、隣接するバ
ーとの間隙を９５０μｍとした１龍ピツチの帯状のマス
クパターンを用い、感光性ポリイミド膜の露光。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display panel in an embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 1, 1.2 is the substrate, 3.4 is ti
, 5 is a low resistance conductive bus bar, 6 is a sealing resin, 7 is a photosensitive organic polymer layer, and 8 is a ferroelectric liquid crystal. In advance, a Cr (1,500 lum) layer was formed as a low-resistance conductive material by EB evaporation over the entire area of the electrode 3 formed in a stripe shape on the glass substrate 1, and a photosensitive layer was applied on this Cr and A1 layer. A photosensitive polyimide photonease UR-3100 (A!I, Toshi Co., Ltd.) is applied as a organic polymer film layer using a spinner method. Exposure of a photosensitive polyimide film using a band-shaped mask pattern.
現像を行った。この後、不要な部分のＣｒ、Ａ１層をエ
ツチング液でエツチングした。このようにして帯状のＣ
ｒ、Ａｌの上に感光性ポリイミドがのったバスバーを形
成した。この感光性ポリイミドの膜厚は、スピンナーの
回転数および感光性ポリイミドの濃度を変化させること
により、任意に制御することができる６本発明では感光
性ポリイミドの厚みが１．０μｍとなるようにした０以
上の工程を径で得た、低抵抗ｓｉｔ性物質と感光性ポリ
イミドによるバスバーをもつ透明電極基板を所定の方法
により貼り合わせ、強誘電性液晶表示パネルを製造した
。このパネルのセル厚は結局、低抵抗導電性バスバーの
厚みとポリイミドの膜厚の厚みを加えたものとなり、本
実施例では２．０±０．２μｍとセル厚むらの少ない良
好な強誘電性液晶表示パネルを得た０以上の製造工程を
経て得た強誘電性液晶表示パネルはフォトレジストの剥
離過程およびスペーサー分散等の製造上の工数低減を行
うことができた。I developed it. Thereafter, unnecessary portions of the Cr and A1 layers were etched with an etching solution. In this way, the band-shaped C
r, a bus bar with photosensitive polyimide placed on Al was formed. The film thickness of this photosensitive polyimide can be arbitrarily controlled by changing the rotation speed of the spinner and the concentration of the photosensitive polyimide.6 In the present invention, the thickness of the photosensitive polyimide was set to 1.0 μm. A ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel was manufactured by bonding transparent electrode substrates having a bus bar made of a low-resistance sit material and photosensitive polyimide, which had been obtained in a diameter of 0 or more steps, by a predetermined method. The cell thickness of this panel is ultimately the sum of the thickness of the low-resistance conductive bus bar and the thickness of the polyimide film, and in this example, it is 2.0 ± 0.2 μm, which is a good ferroelectric property with little uneven cell thickness. The ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel obtained through zero or more manufacturing steps was able to reduce the number of manufacturing steps such as photoresist peeling process and spacer dispersion.
本実施例ではフォトレジストでパクーニングする工程を
述べたが、第５図（ｄｌの感光性有機高分子層２６に相
当するエツチングレジスト膜を印刷によっていきなり形
成し、この印刷膜をエツチングレジストとしてバスバー
以外の領域の低抵抗導電性膜をエツチング除去して作成
することも可能である。In this embodiment, the process of pacooning with a photoresist was described, but an etching resist film corresponding to the photosensitive organic polymer layer 26 in FIG. It is also possible to remove the low resistance conductive film in the region by etching.
発明の効果
上記のように本発明の強誘電性液晶表示パネルによると
次のような効果が得られる。Effects of the Invention As described above, the ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel of the present invention provides the following effects.
従来必要であった感光性有機高分子層（フォトレジスト
）の剥離工程が、本発明では感光性ポリイミドあるいは
エツチングレジスト膜をそのまま利用するため不要とな
り、さらに残した感光性ポリイミドあるいはエツチング
レジスト膜の厚みをセル厚制御に用いるため、従来のス
ペーサ分散の工程も不要となり、作業効率の向上と工数
の低減によりコストダウンが実現できた。The process of peeling off the photosensitive organic polymer layer (photoresist), which was necessary in the past, is no longer necessary in the present invention because the photosensitive polyimide or etching resist film is used as is, and the thickness of the remaining photosensitive polyimide or etching resist film can be reduced. Since it is used to control cell thickness, the conventional spacer dispersion process is no longer necessary, and costs can be reduced by improving work efficiency and reducing man-hours.
また、従来は導電性バスバーという突起物が露出してい
たために対向Ｔ！ＩＦＩｊ１間でショートしやすい等の
欠点があったが、本発明のように絶縁物質で導電性バス
バーが被覆されたことによって対向電橋間のショートの
確率が低減し、パネルの信頼性が向上した。Also, in the past, because the protrusion called the conductive bus bar was exposed, the opposing T! Although there was a drawback that short circuits were likely to occur between IFIj1, by covering the conductive bus bar with an insulating material as in the present invention, the probability of short circuits between opposing electric bridges was reduced, and the reliability of the panel was improved.
強誘電性液晶表示パネルにおいては、表示特性を良くす
るために非常に薄いセル厚を（１〜３μｍ）を必要とし
ている。従来のスペーサ分散法では、スペーサ自身の厚
み精度、あるいは分散性等が１〜３μｍではあまり良好
ではない、それに比して本発明ではセル厚が薄（なって
もそのような影響は少なく、強誘電性液晶表示パネルに
は非常にを用である。In a ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel, a very thin cell thickness (1 to 3 μm) is required to improve display characteristics. In the conventional spacer dispersion method, the thickness accuracy or dispersibility of the spacer itself is not very good if it is 1 to 3 μm.In contrast, in the present invention, the cell thickness is thin (even if the cell thickness is thin, such influence is small and strong Dielectric liquid crystal display panels are very useful.
第１図は本発明の一実施例における＠誘電性液晶表示パ
ネルの構成図、第２図は液晶表示パネルの等価回路図、
第３図はパラメータθと信号電圧減衰率のグラフ、第４
図は従来の強誘電性液晶表示パネルの構成図、第５図は
低抵抗導電性バスバー形成の工程図である。
５・・・・・・低抵抗導電性バスバー、７・・・・・・
感光性有機高分子層。
代理人の氏名 弁理士 中尾敏男 はか１名ｆ、り・−
纂も更
３．４・−Ｉし陽
７−木九秩１徴高分（
８−°−鞄さ４を株度り
第 ２ 図
’ｌ −−−Ｖシ入、ａｔ、モ
ｔｏ−−ｙ、 出方ブ
イｆ−−−Ｒ４町ト石ｔＡ［
第３図
ｌｊ、＋４−−４林
イタ−一一スギ−７
２０−Ｊ！！坊４Ｃ袖勧
２ｆ−ｊ！ｉｆ、罹
２２−一巻猛FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a dielectric liquid crystal display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the liquid crystal display panel.
Figure 3 is a graph of parameter θ and signal voltage attenuation rate.
This figure is a block diagram of a conventional ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel, and FIG. 5 is a process diagram of forming a low-resistance conductive bus bar. 5...Low resistance conductive bus bar, 7...
Photosensitive organic polymer layer. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao
3.4・-I, 7-Kikuchichi, 1st height (8-°-Bag 4, 2nd figure'l ---V, at, moto-- y, exit buoy f---R4 town Toishi tA [Fig. 3 lj, +4--4 Hayashi Ita-11 Sugi-7 20-J!!Bo 4C sleeve 2f-j!if, affected 22- One volume Takeshi
Claims (1)
の上に低抵抗導電性バスバーを有し、かつ前記バスバー
上に絶縁性物質が所定の厚みで設けられており、これら
によってパネル間隙を規定したことを特徴とする強誘電
性液晶表示パネル。In the liquid crystal cell, a low resistance conductive bus bar is provided on a part of the electrode of at least one substrate, and an insulating material is provided on the bus bar with a predetermined thickness, thereby defining a panel gap. A ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel characterized by:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12391686A JPS62280721A (en) | 1986-05-29 | 1986-05-29 | Ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12391686A JPS62280721A (en) | 1986-05-29 | 1986-05-29 | Ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62280721A true JPS62280721A (en) | 1987-12-05 |
Family
ID=14872519
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12391686A Pending JPS62280721A (en) | 1986-05-29 | 1986-05-29 | Ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62280721A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02146526A (en) * | 1988-11-29 | 1990-06-05 | Seiko Instr Inc | Liquid crystal element |
| EP0509490A2 (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1992-10-21 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal apparatus |
| US5815232A (en) * | 1995-08-18 | 1998-09-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Color liquid crystal display apparatus |
-
1986
- 1986-05-29 JP JP12391686A patent/JPS62280721A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02146526A (en) * | 1988-11-29 | 1990-06-05 | Seiko Instr Inc | Liquid crystal element |
| EP0509490A2 (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1992-10-21 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal apparatus |
| US5541752A (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1996-07-30 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal apparatus |
| US5815232A (en) * | 1995-08-18 | 1998-09-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Color liquid crystal display apparatus |
| US5969784A (en) * | 1995-08-18 | 1999-10-19 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Color liquid crystal display apparatus |
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