JPS62277304A - Plant growth regulator and use - Google Patents
Plant growth regulator and useInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62277304A JPS62277304A JP8088487A JP8088487A JPS62277304A JP S62277304 A JPS62277304 A JP S62277304A JP 8088487 A JP8088487 A JP 8088487A JP 8088487 A JP8088487 A JP 8088487A JP S62277304 A JPS62277304 A JP S62277304A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- plant growth
- seeds
- chitosan
- growth regulator
- plants
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 title claims description 35
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 61
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 42
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 23
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000238421 Arthropoda Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000004345 fruit ripening Effects 0.000 description 3
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N glucosamine group Chemical group OC1[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000209763 Avena sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007558 Avena sp Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005980 Gibberellic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-acelyl-D-glucosamine Natural products CC(=O)NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-FMDGEEDCSA-N N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-FMDGEEDCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000592344 Spermatophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N gibberellin A3 Chemical compound C([C@@]1(O)C(=C)C[C@@]2(C1)[C@H]1C(O)=O)C[C@H]2[C@]2(C=C[C@@H]3O)[C@H]1[C@]3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007773 growth pattern Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229950006780 n-acetylglucosamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000254032 Acrididae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000291564 Allium cepa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000099147 Ananas comosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007119 Ananas comosus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000700108 Ctenophora <comb jellyfish phylum> Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000002989 Euphorbia neriifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000287227 Fringillidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002683 Glycosaminoglycan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010019049 Hair texture abnormal Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000070406 Malus silvestris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000918585 Pythium aphanidermatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000630329 Scomberesox saurus saurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000242583 Scyphozoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000738 acetamido group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)N([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-galactosamine Natural products NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-QZABAPFNSA-N beta-D-glucosamine Chemical compound N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-QZABAPFNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002955 immunomodulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121354 immunomodulator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010198 maturation time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000037353 metabolic pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009629 microbiological culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- LKPLKUMXSAEKID-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachloronitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl LKPLKUMXSAEKID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001863 plant nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019129 pluma Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000291751 pluma del Caribe Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019070 pluma del Caribe Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013580 sausages Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000392 somatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009988 textile finishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 3、発明の詳細な説明 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、植物生長調整剤及びその使用方法に関する。[Detailed description of the invention] 3. Detailed description of the invention [Industrial application field] TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plant growth regulator and a method of using the same.
植物生長調整剤は植物生長の特性に影響を与えるために
用いられる物質であり、影響の及ぶ生長特性としては生
長速度、植物光りのひこばえ数、植物の直立性、根刺激
性及び発芽増大性等を含むものである。Plant growth regulators are substances used to influence plant growth characteristics, and the growth characteristics that can be affected include growth rate, number of plant lights, plant uprightness, root stimulation, and increased germination. This includes gender, etc.
〔従来の技術〕
本発明の植物生長調整剤はキチンの誘導体であるキトサ
ンを含むものである。キチンは、完全ではないが、β−
(1−4)−結合2−アセタテミド−2−デオキシンー
〇−グルコース; (N−アセチル−D−グルコサミン
)の非分製鎖から主としてなる多糖体である。それ故、
キチンはセルロースの一種の誘導体として見なされるこ
とができ、そのセルロースの中でC−2ヒドロキシ基が
アセタアミド基で置換されたものである。それは自然環
境に膨大な量が存在する。年間生産推定量は数十億トン
を超える。またキチンは総て外骨格動物、例えば節足動
物(甲殻類、昆虫、蜘蛛等)、軟体動物(M牛、いか等
)、腔腸動物(ヒトイドやくらげの如き海棲動物)及び
線虫(無節虫)等の構造物質からなる。[Prior Art] The plant growth regulator of the present invention contains chitosan, which is a derivative of chitin. Chitin is, although not completely, β-
(1-4)-linked 2-acetatemide-2-deoxine-〇-glucose; It is a polysaccharide mainly composed of undivided chains of (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine). Therefore,
Chitin can be regarded as a type of derivative of cellulose, in which the C-2 hydroxyl group has been replaced with an acetamido group. It exists in huge amounts in the natural environment. Estimated annual production exceeds several billion tons. Chitin is also present in all exoskeleton animals, such as arthropods (crustaceans, insects, spiders, etc.), molluscs (M-cattle, squid, etc.), coelenterates (marine animals such as hominoids and jellyfish), and nematodes ( It consists of structural materials such as arthropods (arthropods).
甲殻類において、キチンと炭酸カルシウムとが混合され
、甲殻類の殻はそのキチンと化学的に結合した蛋白質の
基体を含む。キチンを蛋白質から分離するために、甲殻
類の殻はアルカリ水溶液で処理され、そのアルカリ水溶
液は殻の基体の隙間に浸入し、蛋白質とキチンとの結合
は***される。In crustaceans, chitin and calcium carbonate are mixed, and the crustacean shell contains a protein matrix chemically bound to the chitin. To separate chitin from protein, crustacean shells are treated with an aqueous alkaline solution that penetrates into the interstices of the shell substrate and breaks the bond between the protein and chitin.
その後、キチンを炭酸カルシウムから分離するために、
蛋白質を分離した残留物が酸で処理されることにより炭
酸カルシウムが除かれ、そして実質的に純粋なキチンが
得られる。使用される酸は好ましくは塩酸が用いられる
。Then, to separate chitin from calcium carbonate,
The protein-separated residue is treated with acid to remove calcium carbonate and yield substantially pure chitin. The acid used is preferably hydrochloric acid.
鉱物質が除かれたキチンは回転減圧フィルタにより洗浄
され、続いて回転熱風乾燥器により乾燥される。そのと
き、キチンはその誘導体の一つであるキトサンに直接に
変成される。キチンは関連物質例えばセルロースよりも
反応性の小さい化合物であり、この性質のために工業的
に少ししか使用されていない。その用途の幾つかを挙げ
れば、ドライへアー用洗剤、凝集剤、及び写真処理や酵
素用の基体等に用いられる。The demineralized chitin is washed using a rotating vacuum filter and subsequently dried using a rotating hot air dryer. At that time, chitin is directly converted to chitosan, one of its derivatives. Chitin is a less reactive compound than related substances such as cellulose, and because of this property it is used to a lesser extent industrially. Some of its uses include dry hair detergents, flocculants, and substrates for photographic processing and enzymes.
また、キチンは、米国特許第2,047,226号でリ
グビイ (Rigby)によって開示された如き接着剤
、米国特許第2,047,218号でメリル(Merr
ill)によって開示された如き製紙用サイジング剤、
米国特許第2,047,225号でリグビイ (Rig
by)によって開示された如き乳化剤、及び米国特許第
2,217,823号でトール(Thor)によって開
示された如き単繊維、より糸、紡織繊維及びソーセージ
包装材等の用途に用いられた。Chitin can also be used in adhesives such as those disclosed by Rigby in U.S. Pat. No. 2,047,226 and by Merrill in U.S. Pat. No. 2,047,218.
papermaking sizing agents such as those disclosed by Ill);
Rigby in U.S. Patent No. 2,047,225
The present invention has been used in applications such as emulsifiers, such as those disclosed by Thor et al., and monofilaments, twine, textile fibers, and sausage wrappers, as disclosed by Thor in U.S. Pat. No. 2,217,823.
ムザールリ(Muzzarelli)は「キチン」、プ
レガモン・プレス(1977年)、第207〜254頁
でキチンの次のような工業的用途を挙げている。即ち浸
出法による水中の放射性同位元素の除去剤、水中から水
銀及び銅の除去剤、織物仕上剤1重合状染料用添加剤、
耐汚染剤、羊毛防縮剤、写真製品及びその処理剤、及び
下水汚泥の脱水処理用添加剤等にキチンが使用される6
また同上、第255〜265頁において、ムザールリは
次の様なキチンの医療用途、即ち人工腎臓膜、寄生虫に
対する免疫法の調整剤、生物分解性医薬担体、血液抗凝
固剤、白血病細胞の凝集剤、創傷治療促進剤及び微生物
培゛養基等の用途に用いることを記載している。Muzzarelli lists the following industrial uses of chitin in "Chitin", Pregamon Press (1977), pp. 207-254. Namely, an agent for removing radioactive isotopes in water by leaching method, an agent for removing mercury and copper from water, an additive for textile finishing agents 1 polymeric dyes,
Chitin is used in antifouling agents, wool shrink-proofing agents, photographic products and their processing agents, and additives for dewatering sewage sludge.6
Ibid., pp. 255-265, Musarli describes the following medical uses of chitin: artificial kidney membranes, immunomodulators against parasites, biodegradable pharmaceutical carriers, blood anticoagulants, leukemia cell aggregation. It describes its use as a drug, wound treatment promoter, microbial culture base, etc.
更に、米国特許第4,562,663号でレーデンバフ
(Redenbaugh )によって記載されている如
く、キチンは植物の体細胞の胚、受精卵の胚又は***組
織をカプセル化するためにゲル形成材料として用いられ
る。レーデンバフによるカプセル化材料としてキチンを
使用する事実は植物生長調整機能とは何ら関係を有し無
い。レーデンバフの説明の如く、カプセル化材料は「ガ
ス透過性を有することにより、***組織又は胚に呼吸作
用を起すようにしなければならない。」また、カプセル
化材料は「外部摩擦及び好しくない力に対して抵抗する
ように充分な包囲強度を有し、しかも適当な時期に胚の
生長や発芽を許すのに充分な柔軟性を有するべきである
。」と説明されている。Additionally, chitin has been used as a gel-forming material to encapsulate plant somatic embryos, fertilized egg embryos, or meristems, as described by Redenbaugh in U.S. Pat. No. 4,562,663. It will be done. The fact that chitin is used as an encapsulation material by Redenbuff has no relation to its plant growth regulating function. As explained by Ledenbuff, the encapsulating material "must be permeable to gases, thereby rendering the meristem or embryo capable of respiration." It should have sufficient enveloping strength to resist the effects of microorganisms, yet be flexible enough to allow growth and germination of the embryo at the appropriate time.
また、米国特許第4,199,496号でペニストン(
P eniston )等によって、キチンが植物用肥
料として用いるられることが開示されている。Also, in U.S. Patent No. 4,199,496, Peniston (
(Peniston) et al. disclose that chitin can be used as a fertilizer for plants.
ペニストン等の特許は甲殻類の殻から化合物を得るプロ
セスに関するものであるが、キチンが甲殻類の殻から得
られる化合物の一種であるとの理由で、肥料としてキチ
ンの使用が述べられている。The Peniston et al. patent, which concerns a process for obtaining compounds from crustacean shells, mentions the use of chitin as a fertilizer because chitin is a type of compound obtained from crustacean shells.
ペニストン等の説明によれば、「キチンは窒素をゆっく
りと土壌中に放出し、それにより相当長期間にわたり土
壌中の窒素含量を増大させ、それにより肥料として使用
され得る。」と述べられている。As explained by Peniston et al., ``Chitin slowly releases nitrogen into the soil, thereby increasing the nitrogen content in the soil over a fairly long period of time, so that it can be used as a fertilizer.'' .
しかし、肥料は植物生長調整剤とは異なり、肥料は植物
の栄養に必要な化学元素を与えるために土壌に添加され
る何らかの物質である6最も一般的には、肥料は窒素、
リン及びカリウムの相対量を示す三ヶの単位数字により
表示される。一方、植物生長調整剤は、植物の生理的過
程を抑制、促進又は成る面で影響を与える有機化合物で
ある。However, fertilizer is different from a plant growth regulator, in that a fertilizer is any substance added to the soil to provide the chemical elements necessary for plant nutrition.6 Most commonly, fertilizer is nitrogen,
It is expressed by three unit numbers indicating the relative amounts of phosphorus and potassium. On the other hand, plant growth regulators are organic compounds that inhibit, promote, or influence physiological processes in plants.
肥料は普通の方法により植物が生長するように必要な元
素を単に与えるものであるが、植物生長調整剤は植物の
通常の生長パターンにある種の変化を惹起さすものであ
る。植物生長調整剤の幾つかの影響には次のような影響
を持ち、即ち発芽性増強、根刺激、植物背丈制御、植物
の成熟時間の短縮化又は延長化、未熟制御、収量増大、
果実や野菜の色制御、及び休眠の短縮化又は延長化等を
含む。既知の植物生長調整剤にはシトキイニン及びギベ
レリン酸等がある。Fertilizers simply provide the necessary elements for plants to grow in the usual way, whereas plant growth regulators induce certain changes in the normal growth pattern of plants. Some of the effects of plant growth regulators are as follows: germination enhancement, root stimulation, plant height control, shortening or prolongation of plant maturation time, immaturity control, yield increase,
This includes controlling the color of fruits and vegetables and shortening or extending dormancy. Known plant growth regulators include cytoquinin and gibberellic acid.
現在、植物の生長場所、例えばひこばえ、さや。 Currently, the place where plants grow, for example, wood flies, pods.
穂等に対し影響を与へ効果をもたらし、そして増強又は
増大させる能力を有する物質は全く知られていない。更
に、キチンの誘導体、組成物、及び組み合せた物が植物
生長調整剤として使用されることも全く知られていない
。従って本発明の目的はキチン誘導体から新たに植物生
長調整剤を開発し、またそれを有効に使用する方法を提
供することにある。There are no known substances that have the ability to affect, enhance, or increase the effects on ears, etc. Furthermore, it is completely unknown that chitin derivatives, compositions, and combinations can be used as plant growth regulators. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to develop a new plant growth regulator from chitin derivatives and to provide a method for effectively using it.
本発明の植物生長調整剤は、キトサン及び植物に対する
非有害酸とを含む混合物で、水溶液又は乾燥粉末の形状
にされた組成物である。またこの植物生長調整剤は種子
が蒔かれる土壌、種子自身、又は発芽した葉に施される
ものである。The plant growth regulator of the present invention is a mixture containing chitosan and an acid that is non-toxic to plants, and is a composition in the form of an aqueous solution or a dry powder. Moreover, this plant growth regulator is applied to the soil in which the seeds are sown, the seeds themselves, or the germinated leaves.
本発明の一つの態様は、脱アセチル化キチン(即ち詳細
に後述されるキトサン)を植物に対する非有害酸(以後
、非有害酸と略記)に溶解した溶液が植物の生長される
べき土壌中に分配されることを含む植物生長に影響を与
える方法である。One embodiment of the present invention provides that a solution of deacetylated chitin (i.e., chitosan, which will be described in detail below) dissolved in an acid that is non-toxic to plants (hereinafter abbreviated as "non-toxic acid") is added to the soil in which plants are to be grown. A method of influencing plant growth that involves distribution.
その水溶液は脱アセチル化キチンの約0.1〜約10%
容積と非有害酸の約0,1〜約10%容積とを含み、そ
の溶液の残りは水を含む。分配されるとき、溶液は植物
の種蒔き場所に施される。The aqueous solution is about 0.1 to about 10% of deacetylated chitin.
and about 0.1 to about 10% volume of non-toxic acid, with the remainder of the solution comprising water. When dispensed, the solution is applied to the sowing site of the plant.
本発明の他の態様は、脱アセチル化キチンと非有害酸と
の水溶液が植物の種子に直接に施される。In another embodiment of the invention, an aqueous solution of deacetylated chitin and a non-toxic acid is applied directly to plant seeds.
種子に溶液を施す方法は秤量散布法又は浸漬法により一
般に行なわれる。The method of applying the solution to seeds is generally carried out by the weighed spreading method or the dipping method.
本発明の更に他の態様は粉末状の脱アセチル化キチンと
粉末状の非有害酸との混合物が種子蒔き場所の土の中へ
分配される、又は粉末状の混合物が種子に直接に施され
ることを含む。尚、他の本発明の態様は、グルタミン酸
にキトサンを溶解して蒸発させ粉砕した溶液が土壌の種
蒔き場所、又は種子そのものに施されることを含む。Still other embodiments of the invention provide that a mixture of powdered deacetylated chitin and powdered non-toxic acid is dispensed into the soil at the seed sowing site, or that the powdered mixture is applied directly to the seeds. including In addition, another aspect of the present invention includes dissolving chitosan in glutamic acid, evaporating it, and pulverizing it, and applying the solution to the soil where the seeds are sown, or to the seeds themselves.
本発明方法が為されたとき、種々の穀類の種子のびこば
えが増強される。また本発明方法は植物生長の他の面1
例えば根、茎、葉、花、内部構造、及びひこばえ、さや
、穂の種子保持構造に影響を与えることが期待である。When the method of the present invention is carried out, the spread of seeds of various cereals is enhanced. In addition, the method of the present invention can be applied to other aspects of plant growth.
For example, it is expected to affect the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, internal structures, and seed-retaining structures of the buds, pods, and panicles.
水溶液処理は土壌、種子、又は発生した植物の葉に施さ
れることもできる。Aqueous treatments can also be applied to soil, seeds, or leaves of emerging plants.
植物生長調整剤としての応用において、どの様な生化学
的作用が起るのかは知られていないが、す、エイ、ハド
ウイガ(Dr、 LeeA、Hadwiger)(ワシ
ントン大学、プルマ、ワシントン)は脱アセチル化キチ
ンが植物の免疫システムに用いられどの解釈を提示した
。キトサンは拮抗因子及び/又は発育因子として、又は
ギベレリン酸と併用され、植物生長機構に影響を与える
ことができる。Although it is not known what kind of biochemical effects occur in its application as a plant growth regulator, Dr. Lee A. Hadwiger (University of Washington, Pluma, Washington) has deacetylated An explanation of how chemically modified chitin is used in the plant immune system is presented. Chitosan can be used as an antagonistic and/or growth factor or in combination with gibberellic acid to influence plant growth mechanisms.
またキトサンの代謝系路が酸素−特定生長過程を調整し
たり、成るいはオリゴ糖類を生成させるということを理
論づけした。They also theorized that chitosan's metabolic pathway regulates oxygen-specific growth processes or generates oligosaccharides.
本発明において、非有害酸例えばアミノ酸と結合した脱
アセチル化キチンは特に有効な植物生長調整剤であるこ
とが発見された。植物生長調整剤は植物の通常の生長パ
ターンを変化させる。植物生長調製剤の幾つかの特別の
例は、発芽性増強。In the present invention, it has been discovered that deacetylated chitin combined with non-toxic acids such as amino acids is a particularly effective plant growth regulator. Plant growth regulators alter the normal growth pattern of plants. Some specific examples of plant growth regulators are germination enhancers.
根に刺激を与えて根ぼり強化、植物背丈制御、植物成熟
剤、熟果剤及び植物体眠剤等である。発芽性増強は種子
から植物の発芽を速くし、それにより植物の周囲の雑草
制御をより向上する。根刺激性は土壊中で早く、その上
確実に植物に根ばりをさせる。植物背丈制御は茎を強く
生長させ、それにより植物は強風や他の天候条件によく
耐えさせる。植物の成熟期間の短縮化剤は悪い天候の前
に時期的に都合のよく植物の収穫をもたらす。熟果剤は
時期的に都合のよく収穫するために全分野の植物に等し
く熟成を与える6熟果剤はパイナツプル、蔗糖きび、オ
レンジ、トマト及び林檎等に大変よく使用される。農作
物の休眠を短縮又は延長する薬剤は、人間の消費とって
不適になる産物を発芽に続いて低品質化するのを防ぐの
に役立つ。It stimulates roots to strengthen root formation, control plant height, plant maturation agent, fruit ripening agent, and plant sleeping agent. Germination enhancement allows faster germination of plants from seeds, thereby providing better weed control around the plants. It is a root stimulant that breaks down the soil quickly, and also ensures that plants take root. Plant height control causes the stems to grow stronger, which allows the plants to better withstand strong winds and other weather conditions. Agents that shorten the maturation period of plants provide a timely harvest of plants before adverse weather conditions. Fruit ripening agents impart ripening equally to all types of plants for convenient harvesting. 6 Fruit ripening agents are very often used for pineapple, sucrose cane, oranges, tomatoes, apples, etc. Agents that shorten or extend the dormancy of agricultural crops help prevent degradation following germination that makes the product unfit for human consumption.
休眠を延長する薬剤は玉ねぎやじゃがいもの様な農作物
に屡々使用される。Drugs that extend dormancy are often used on crops such as onions and potatoes.
また、肥料は植物から収量を増大させ得るが。Although fertilizers can also increase the yield from plants.
肥料はコストがかかる。肥料を多く施すことにより、よ
り大きい植物に生長させて植物の収穫の潜在価値を増大
するが、異常に大きくなった植物は成熟が遅れたり、ま
た倒れたりし易い。植物があまりにも大きくなり、自分
自身を支持するのに重いときに倒れる。そのために植物
を傾は更に大地に倒す風によって植物は容易に影響され
る。この様な倒れる条件では、植物は上表に極めて近く
接近し農作物を収穫するのが困難になり、収穫が減少す
る。また植物が倒されたとき、植物が湿地に接触し、ま
た農作物を汚染し市場価値を無くさせる誓書動物や昆虫
に接触するので、種子被害も同様に起りやすい。Fertilizer is expensive. Applying more fertilizer increases the harvest potential of the plant by allowing it to grow into larger plants, but plants that grow too large are more likely to be delayed in maturity or to fall over. When plants grow too large and are too heavy to support themselves, they fall over. Therefore, the plants are easily affected by the wind, which tilts the plants further to the ground. Under such conditions of collapse, the plants come very close to the top, making it difficult to harvest the crops and reducing yields. Seed damage is also likely to occur as the plants come into contact with wetlands and with sward animals and insects that contaminate the crop and make it unmarketable.
米の場合、高肥料の施行は屡々不穀粒米又は「ブランキ
ング」、即ち植物の花が授粉されなく「スキッパ−(軽
い)」穀粒を惹き起す。穀粒が授粉されないときにブラ
ンキングが起り、残る物は外皮だけとなる。更に、異常
な高窒素肥料の施行に伴なって、米の収穫は30%の多
い減少になる。また高肥料の施行は屡々米の成熟を遅く
し、従って収穫時期を遅らせて悪天候時期になり、それ
により減収にされ、往々にして全農作物に損失をもたら
す。植物生長調整剤は肥料に伴なう問題を起すことなく
収量を増大する。またキチン誘導体を含む植物生長調整
剤の有利な点は潜在的に無限のキチン供給量を有するこ
とである。In the case of rice, high fertilizer applications often result in grainless rice or "blanking", ie, the flowers of the plant are not pollinated, resulting in "skipper" grains. Blanking occurs when the grain is not pollinated and all that remains is the hull. Furthermore, with the implementation of abnormally high nitrogen fertilizers, rice yields will be reduced by as much as 30%. Also, the application of high fertilizers often delays the ripening of rice, thus delaying the harvest period and leading to periods of bad weather, thereby reducing yields and often resulting in losses to the entire crop. Plant growth regulators increase yield without the problems associated with fertilizers. Another advantage of plant growth regulators containing chitin derivatives is that they have a potentially unlimited supply of chitin.
キチンはβ−(1−4)−結合2−アセタミド−2−デ
オキシ−D−グルコス; (N−アセチル−D−グルコ
サミン)の非***鎖から主としてなるムコ多糖体であり
、その残基の構造は次式に示される。Chitin is a mucopolysaccharide mainly composed of non-cleavable chains of β-(1-4)-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucosamine (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine), and the structure of its residues is is shown in the following equation.
H3
C=○
HOHHH
脱アセチル化キチン、即ちキトサンはキチンを高濃度の
水酸化カリウム水溶液に約160℃で反応させることに
より得られる。キトサンはD−グルコサミンの非***鎖
から主としてなる多糖体で、その残基の構造は次式で示
される。H3 C=○ HOHHH Deacetylated chitin, or chitosan, is obtained by reacting chitin with a highly concentrated aqueous potassium hydroxide solution at about 160°C. Chitosan is a polysaccharide mainly composed of non-cleavable chains of D-glucosamine, and the structure of its residues is shown by the following formula.
ONH,HOHOH0H
HHOHHH
現在、キチンとキトサンはスペクトルにより存在が検出
される。スペクトルの一方の端部に100%アセチル化
−D−グルコサミン体からなる多糖体が現れ、スペクト
ルの反対の端部にアセチル化されていない100%グル
コサミン体からなる多糖体が現れる。理論的には、キチ
ンとキトサンは上記のスペクトルの各端部に対応する多
糖体として出現する。しかし、実際にはキチンとキトサ
ンはスペクトルの夫々の端部近く単に接近して現れる。ONH, HOHOH0H HHOHHH Currently, the presence of chitin and chitosan is detected by spectroscopy. At one end of the spectrum, a polysaccharide consisting of 100% acetylated-D-glucosamine forms appears, and at the opposite end of the spectrum, a polysaccharide consisting of 100% non-acetylated glucosamine forms appears. In theory, chitin and chitosan appear as polysaccharides corresponding to each end of the spectrum described above. However, in reality chitin and chitosan simply appear close together near their respective ends of the spectrum.
キチンは非アセチル化体よりも遥かに多くのアセチル化
り−グルコサミン体を有し、一方キトサンは主として非
アセルチン化り−グルコサミン体から主としてなる。(
しかし、アセチル化体も若干を在する。)純粋即ち10
0%のアセチル化キチンは自然には存在せず、また純粋
なキトサン即ち100%脱アセチル化キチンを得る方法
は未だ開発されていない。Chitin has far more acetylated glucosamine forms than non-acetylated forms, while chitosan consists primarily of non-acetylated glucosamine forms. (
However, some acetylated forms also exist. ) pure i.e. 10
0% acetylated chitin does not exist in nature, and no method has yet been developed to obtain pure chitosan, ie 100% deacetylated chitin.
キトサンが非有害酸、好ましくはアミノ酸、その中で最
も好ましくはグルタミン酸と結合されて水溶液、又は乾
燥粉末若しくはキトサンとグルタミン酸溶液を蒸発して
その残留物を粉砕して得られる粉末にされることができ
る。水溶液の組成はキトサンの約0.1〜10%容積を
非有害酸の約0.1〜10%容積に溶解したものを含む
。好ましい組成はキトサン約2%容積と非有害酸約2%
容積を含む。溶液の残りは水からなる。Chitosan may be combined with non-toxic acids, preferably amino acids, most preferably glutamic acid, to form an aqueous solution, or a dry powder or a powder obtained by evaporating a chitosan and glutamic acid solution and grinding the residue. can. The composition of the aqueous solution includes about 0.1-10% volume of chitosan dissolved in about 0.1-10% volume of non-toxic acid. The preferred composition is about 2% chitosan by volume and about 2% non-toxic acids.
Including volume. The remainder of the solution consists of water.
乾燥粉末を調製するには、キトサンは平均粒径的0.5
〜100μmの粉末に粉砕されることが必要である。非
有害酸も平均粒径的0.5〜100μmの粒子に粉砕さ
れる。乾燥、粉末状キトサンはプロタン研究所(レッド
モンド、ワシントン)により市販され、また乾燥、粉末
状グルタミン酸は味の素ユ・ニス・エイ(株)(ロスア
ンジェルス、カルフォニャ)により市販されている。市
販されているキトサンは1%以下の灰分を含んでいる。To prepare a dry powder, chitosan has an average particle size of 0.5
It is necessary to grind to a powder of ~100 μm. Non-toxic acids are also ground into particles with an average particle size of 0.5 to 100 μm. Dry, powdered chitosan is commercially available from Protan Laboratories (Redmond, Wash.), and dried, powdered glutamic acid is commercially available from Ajinomoto U.N.I.S.A., Inc. (Los Angeles, Calif.). Commercially available chitosan contains less than 1% ash.
キトサンと非有害酸の好ましい粒径は約10〜30μm
である。キトサンと非有害酸との重量比が約1:10な
いし約10=1になるようにキトサンと非有害酸はブレ
ンドされる。The preferred particle size of chitosan and non-toxic acid is about 10-30 μm.
It is. The chitosan and non-toxic acid are blended such that the weight ratio of chitosan to non-toxic acid is about 1:10 to about 10=1.
水溶液の蒸発残留物からの粉末の製法は、先ずキトサン
と非有害酸の3%容積以上の濃厚水溶液を調製すること
を含む。非有害酸は好ましくはキトサンと同じ容積%に
される。その濃厚溶液は蒸発され、その残留物が平均粒
径的10〜30μmになるように粉砕される。The process for making the powder from the evaporation residue of the aqueous solution involves first preparing a concentrated aqueous solution of chitosan and a non-toxic acid of at least 3% volume. The non-toxic acid is preferably in the same volume percent as the chitosan. The concentrated solution is evaporated and the residue is ground to an average particle size of 10-30 μm.
水溶液及び乾燥粉末ブレンドの両方に使用される好まし
い非有害酸はグルタミン酸であり、グルタミン酸は次の
構造式を有する。A preferred non-hazardous acid used in both aqueous solutions and dry powder blends is glutamic acid, which has the following structural formula:
○
− OH
OH
使用に際し、水溶液、乾燥粉末ブレンド、又は蒸発残留
物粉末は植物種子、種子が蒔かれる土壌、又は発芽した
植物の葉に施される。しかし、溶液、粉末ブレンド、又
は蒸発残留物粉末は最も一般的には種子又は土壌に直接
に施される。種子に施す場合には、キトサンとグルタミ
ン酸溶液は種子蒔き前約60時間前に施すべきである。o - OH OH In use, the aqueous solution, dry powder blend, or evaporation residue powder is applied to plant seeds, the soil in which the seeds are sown, or the leaves of germinated plants. However, solutions, powder blends, or evaporation residue powders are most commonly applied directly to seeds or soil. When applied to seeds, the chitosan and glutamic acid solution should be applied approximately 60 hours before sowing.
逆に、キトサンとグルタミン酸の乾燥粉末又は蒸発残留
物粉末は種子蒔き前約6ケ月迄に種子に施すことができ
る。一般に水溶液、又は乾燥粉末若しくは蒸発残留物粉
末を種子蒔き場所に施するときは種子蒔きと同時に行な
う。Conversely, dry or evaporated residue powders of chitosan and glutamic acid can be applied to seeds up to about 6 months before sowing. Generally, when an aqueous solution or a dry powder or evaporation residue powder is applied to the seeding site, it is done at the same time as the seeding.
水溶液を土壌に施す方法は植物の種子蒔き場所に溶液を
散布することが必要である。その種子蒔き場所は種子が
蒔かれる場所に近接した場所である。最も一般的に、水
溶液は種子が蒔かれる時と同時に施される。水溶液の施
す量は、キトサン約10〜1000gが土塙エーカ当り
に施されるようにする。施行の好ましい量は土壊エーカ
当すキトサン約33gを散布することである。The method of applying an aqueous solution to the soil requires spraying the solution on the site where the seeds of the plant are sown. The sowing site is a location close to where the seeds are sown. Most commonly, the aqueous solution is applied at the same time as the seeds are sown. The amount of aqueous solution to be applied is such that about 10 to 1000 g of chitosan is applied per acre of earthen mound. The preferred amount of application is to apply approximately 33 g of chitosan per acre of soil damage.
土壌の種子蒔き場所に乾燥粉末ブレンドを施行する方法
は、水溶液を±慣に施行する方法と大体同様に行なわれ
る。乾燥粉末が土壌に散布されるとき、キトサンの約1
0〜1000g、好ましくは約30gが土壌エーカ当り
に施される。また蒸発残留物粉末を施す方法も、キトサ
ン約10〜1000g、好ましくは30gが土壌エーカ
当りに施されるように種子蒔き場所に施される。The method of applying the dry powder blend to the soil seeding site is generally similar to the method of applying the aqueous solution conventionally. When the dry powder is applied to the soil, approximately 1
0-1000 g, preferably about 30 g is applied per acre of soil. The method of applying evaporation residue powder is also such that about 10 to 1000 grams of chitosan, preferably 30 grams, is applied to the seeding site per acre of soil.
土壌の種子蒔き場所に施す他に、水溶液、乾燥粉末ブレ
ンド、又は蒸発残留粉末は直接に植物種子に施されるこ
とができる。水溶液を種子に施す方法は水溶液を種子に
秤量散布又は水溶液中に種子を浸漬する方法により一般
的に実施される。好ましくはキトサンの約12gが種子
の約50ポンドに施される。若し種子が水溶液中に浸漬
されるならば、浸漬は約24時間違の時間にわたって行
なわれる。種子を浸漬すると種子が溶液の吸収及び発芽
を始める。また、浸漬すると種子が重くなり、従って米
の種子は蒔かれたときに水田の底に沈む。従って最も一
般に浸漬される種子は米であり、若し乾燥粉末であれば
水田の上に単に浮くであろう。微量栄養素の亜鉛は総て
の市販の米の種子の調製の場合に含有されることができ
る。In addition to application to soil seeding sites, aqueous solutions, dry powder blends, or evaporated residue powders can be applied directly to plant seeds. The method of applying the aqueous solution to the seeds is generally carried out by spraying a measured amount of the aqueous solution on the seeds or by immersing the seeds in the aqueous solution. Preferably about 12 grams of chitosan is applied to about 50 pounds of seed. If the seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution, soaking is done for about a 24 hour period. When the seeds are soaked, they absorb the solution and begin to germinate. Soaking also makes the seeds heavier, so the rice seeds sink to the bottom of the paddy field when sown. Therefore, the most commonly soaked seeds are rice, which if dried powder would simply float on top of the rice field. The micronutrient zinc can be included in all commercial rice seed preparations.
また、乾燥粉末又は蒸発残留物粉末は秤量散布により種
子に直接に施される。秤量散布を施す場合、粉末ブレン
ドはブレンド物が種子にひつ着くようにする為に湿めら
せた種子に分配されなければならない。粉末ブレンド又
は蒸発残留物粉末を種子に施すための他の一般的な方法
は、セメントミキサのような回転装置により湿った種子
とブレンド又は蒸発残留物粉末を混合することである。Alternatively, dry powder or evaporation residue powder can be applied directly to the seeds by metered application. When applying metered applications, the powder blend must be dispensed onto the moistened seeds to ensure that the blend adheres to the seeds. Another common method for applying a powder blend or evaporative residue powder to seeds is to mix the blend or evaporative residue powder with wet seeds in a rotating device such as a cement mixer.
乾燥粉末ブレンド又は蒸発残留物粉末の施す量はキトサ
ン約12gを種子50ポンドに分配することが好ましい
。最も一般的に施される種子は米、小麦、大麦、からす
麦及び唐もろこし等である。The amount of dry powder blend or evaporation residue powder applied is preferably about 12 grams of chitosan distributed over 50 pounds of seed. The most commonly applied seeds include rice, wheat, barley, oat and sorghum.
蒸発残留物粉末が種子の中に吸収される為には非常に少
ない湿度でもよい。このことは特に乾燥した植え場所や
季節には大変有利である。また種子によるキトサンと非
有害酸のすぐれた均一の吸収性が蒸発残留物粉末の場合
には乾燥粉末ブレンドよりも大幅に得られる。Very low humidity is required for the evaporation residue powder to be absorbed into the seeds. This is particularly advantageous in dry planting sites and seasons. Also, better and more uniform absorption of chitosan and non-toxic acids by the seeds is obtained with the evaporation residue powder to a greater extent than with the dry powder blend.
本発明により行なわれた実施例及びその得られた結果を
以下に列挙する。Examples carried out according to the invention and the results obtained are listed below.
実施例1
酢酸中のキトサン3%水溶液が秤量散布により米の種子
に施され、そのときキトサン12.7 gと酢酸12.
7 gが種子50ポンドに施されるようにされた。次に
米の種子は風乾され、その後キトサン28gと酢酸28
gが土壌エーカ当りに施されるような割合で播種ドリル
で施された。また処理された種子110ポンドが土壌エ
ーカ当りに蒔かれた。処理された種子が蒔かれた全用地
は1.42二一カであった。Example 1 A 3% aqueous solution of chitosan in acetic acid was applied to rice seeds by metered spraying, when 12.7 g of chitosan and 12.7 g of acetic acid were added.
7 g was applied to 50 pounds of seed. The rice seeds were then air-dried, followed by 28 g of chitosan and 28 g of acetic acid.
The seeds were applied with a seed drill at a rate such that g per acre of soil was applied. Also, 110 pounds of treated seed was sown per acre of soil. The total area sown with treated seeds was 1.422 acres.
また、コントロール(比較)用地1.5に一カには非処
理の米の種子が蒔かれた。その非処理米種子は処理種子
と同じソースから得た。即ち未処理の種子のパッチが2
0ツトに分割され、そのうちの一つが上記の如くに処理
され、他のロフトは全く処理されなかった。また、コン
トロール用地は土壌エーカ当り種子110ポンドの割合
で蒔かれた。In addition, untreated rice seeds were sown in 1.5 control plots. The untreated rice seeds were obtained from the same source as the treated seeds. i.e. 2 patches of untreated seeds
0 lofts, one of which was treated as above and the other lofts were not treated at all. Control plots were also sown at a rate of 110 pounds of seeds per acre of soil.
処理用地と非処理用地は殆ど同程度のエーカ数であり1
人により出来るだけ同じやり方で生育シーズンの間に保
たれた6また、両方の用地は米の種子を蒔く前には、同
じ仕方で維持され、また同じ穀物が植えられた0両方の
用地は1年の中の四方初旬の同日に米の種子が蒔かれた
。The treated land and untreated land have almost the same number of acres, 1
6 Also, both sites were maintained during the growing season in as much the same way as possible by humans, and both sites were maintained in the same way and planted with the same grain before sowing the rice seeds. Rice seeds were sown on the same day at the beginning of each year.
種蒔き後66日で、3ケのランダムサンプリングが処理
用地について行なわれた。サンプリングにより処理用地
の畝の直列のフィート当りに平均59のひこばえがあっ
た。これと対称的にコントロール用地は畝の直列のフィ
ート当りに平均46.5のひこばえであった。Sixty-six days after sowing, three random samplings were made of the treatment sites. Sampling yielded an average of 59 grasshoppers per linear foot of treatment field furrow. In contrast, the control sites averaged 46.5 logs per linear foot of furrow.
最初のサンプリン後45日月で、米の植物は充分に成熟
し、収穫状態になった。測定したところ、処理種子から
生長した植物は42〜45インチの高さであった。非処
理種子から生長した米の植物の高さは40〜42インチ
であった。処理及び非処理用地から3ケづつランダムサ
ンプリングし。Forty-five days after the first sample, the rice plants were fully mature and ready for harvest. Plants grown from treated seeds were measured to be 42-45 inches tall. Rice plants grown from untreated seeds were 40-42 inches tall. Three random samples were taken from treated and non-treated sites.
処理用地では畝列の10フイート当りに平均230.5
頭花(head)を示し、これに対称的にコントロール
用地では畝列の10フイート当りに平均200.6頭花
を示した。処理用地とコントロール用地の両者はできる
だけ同じやり方で収穫された。An average of 230.5 per 10 feet of row row on treated land.
In contrast, the control site showed an average of 200.6 flower heads per 10 feet of row. Both treatment and control plots were harvested in the same manner as possible.
収穫データの比較は第1表に示される。A comparison of yield data is shown in Table 1.
第 1 表
処理した米の種子は非処理種子より米の収穫において2
15ボンド/エーカの増収となり、これは出荷生産量3
.2%の増加を示した。Table 1: Treated rice seeds are 2 times more likely to produce rice than non-treated seeds.
Revenue increased by 15 bonds/acre, which is equivalent to shipment production of 3
.. It showed an increase of 2%.
処理及びコントロール用地を更に観察したところ、両方
の用地の植物の葉の色は匹敵される程度であった。また
コントロール用地は処理用地に比較して緑がずっと濃く
、遅いひこげえの上に未熟な米の頭孔が見られた。Further observation of the treated and control sites revealed that the leaf color of the plants in both sites was comparable. The control plots were also much greener than the treated plots, and immature rice headholes were visible on the late burnt.
処理用地とコントロール用地の僅か3.2%の収量の差
に対する可能性は、処理種子から大きく生育した植物は
限られた量から多くの窒素を放出し、その結果円錐花序
の結実の間に米の植物に与える窒素を適量以下にするこ
とである。また円錐花序の初期にエーカ当りの窒素約2
oボンドの割合で窒素を追加することにより、多い頭孔
数及びそれに対応するポテンシャルに比例してより多収
量になるであろうことが論理ずけられる。A possible explanation for the only 3.2% yield difference between treated and control sites is that plants that grow larger from treated seeds release more nitrogen from a limited amount, resulting in lower rice production during panicle fruiting. The goal is to keep the amount of nitrogen given to plants below the appropriate amount. Also, about 2 nitrogen per acre during the early panicle stage.
It is logical that adding nitrogen at the rate of o-bonds will result in higher yields in proportion to the higher number of headholes and corresponding potential.
実施例2
黒穂病、立枯病及び種子腐販の防御のためにペンタクロ
ロニトロベンゼンで前もって処理された小麦種子2,5
00ポンドがキトサンとグルタミン酸の2%水溶液で散
布され、そのときキトサン11.2g及びグルタミン酸
11.2gが種子50ポンド当りに分配された。Example 2 Wheat seeds pretreated with pentachloronitrobenzene for protection against smut, damping off and seed rot 2,5
00 pounds were sprayed with a 2% aqueous solution of chitosan and glutamic acid, with 11.2 g of chitosan and 11.2 g of glutamic acid distributed per 50 pounds of seed.
種子に処理後28目の10月18日に、84.2二一カ
の用地の中の8.5二−力に処理種子が蒔かれた。残り
の75.7エーカの用地はコントロール用に供され、キ
トサン水溶液で処理された種子と同じ最初のバッチから
の非処理の小麦種子が蒔かれた。処理種子及び非処理種
子はブレエイト・レーク製15−フィート播種機を用い
て蒔かれた。畝間隔はフインチであり、蒔き深さは地表
から下に3/4〜1172インチであった。蒔いた種子
の割合はエーカ当り125ボンドであった。On October 18, 28 days after seed treatment, treated seeds were sown in 8.5 square meters of 84.2 square plots. The remaining 75.7 acres were used as a control and were sown with untreated wheat seeds from the same initial batch as seeds treated with the aqueous chitosan solution. Treated and untreated seeds were sown using a Breate Lake 15-foot seeder. The row spacing was finches and the sowing depth was 3/4 to 1172 inches below the ground. The seed rate sown was 125 bonds per acre.
全84.2エーカ用地は種子床を準備する為に深く耕さ
れ細かに砕かれ、用地は中央が5フイートになるように
床造りされた。床の間の溝には冬雨期間には水を用地か
ら排出するようにさせた。The entire 84.2 acre site was deeply plowed and pulverized to prepare the seed bed, and the site was bedded to 5 feet on center. A groove between the floors was designed to drain water away from the site during winter rains.
前の生育シーズンの期間に用地には小麦が植えられ、そ
して小麦は6月下旬に収穫され、麦藁は燃やされた。種
子蒔きの4日前にアンモニア水溶液がエーカ当り窒素1
60ボンドになるように種子床に深さ4.5インチに注
がれた。更に11−46−0肥料が初期肥料としてエー
カ当り80ポンドの割合で側面から覆って床に通るよう
に施され、それは作物のリンに対する必要量に適合させ
た。The site was planted with wheat during the previous growing season, and the wheat was harvested in late June and the straw was burned. Four days before sowing, an ammonia solution containing 1 nitrogen per acre
60 bond was poured into the seed bed to a depth of 4.5 inches. Additionally, 11-46-0 fertilizer was applied as an initial fertilizer at a rate of 80 pounds per acre over the sides and through the bed to meet the crop's phosphorus needs.
肥料の11−46−0の表示は窒素、リン、カリウムの
相対比を表わす。蒔いた後、全84.2エーカは人によ
ってできるだけ同じやり方で維持された。The 11-46-0 designation on fertilizers indicates the relative ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. After sowing, the entire 84.2 acres were maintained by humans in as similar a manner as possible.
種子蒔きの63日後、処理用地の植物の数はコントロー
ル用地の植物の数と比較された。経過サンプリングを行
ない、処理用地の畝列の10フィート当り植物が平均1
22.6本を示し、これに対しコントロール用地の畝列
の10フィート当りの植物が平均124.4本であった
。この数字は処理用地がコントロール用地に比較して1
.4%少いことを示した。Sixty-three days after sowing, the number of plants in the treated plots was compared to the number of plants in the control plot. Progressive sampling was performed to find an average of 1 plant per 10 feet of row in the treated field.
22.6 plants, compared to an average of 124.4 plants per 10 feet of row in the control plot. This number is 1% for the treated land compared to the control land.
.. 4% less.
種子蒔き59日後にひこばえ数が調べられた。Fifty-nine days after sowing the seeds, the number of star flies was determined.
処理用地から5サンプリング及びコントロール用地から
5サンプリングされ、処理用地の畝列の10フィート当
り平均315のひこばえを示し、これに対しコントロー
ル用地の畝列の10フィート当り平均240のひこばえ
を示した。この数字は、処理種子が非処理種子に比べて
小麦植物のひこばえにおいて31.2%大きいことを示
した。Five samples were taken from the treatment plots and five samples were taken from the control plots, showing an average of 315 wood flies per 10 feet of rows in the treatment plots, compared to an average of 240 wood flies per 10 feet of rows in the control plots. Indicated. This figure showed that the treated seeds had 31.2% more ground in wheat plants compared to the untreated seeds.
種子蒔き後152日と183日の頭孔数の比較が第2表
及び第3表に夫々示される。A comparison of the number of headholes 152 and 183 days after sowing is shown in Tables 2 and 3, respectively.
第 2 表
上記の第2表に示す数字は処理種子が非処理種子に比較
して生長した小麦の頭孔数を示し、28.9%大きいこ
とを示す。Table 2 The numbers shown in Table 2 above indicate the number of wheat head holes grown by treated seeds compared to untreated seeds, which is 28.9% greater.
第 3 表
上記の第3表に示す数字は、処理種子が非処理種子に比
較して生長した小麦の顕在について53.1%大きいこ
とを示す。Table 3 The numbers shown in Table 3 above show that the treated seeds have 53.1% more developed wheat manifestations compared to the untreated seeds.
処理用地の8.5二一カ及びコントロール用地75.7
エーカは種子蒔き後251日目日月じ方法で収穫された
。処理用地のエーカ当り小麦は平均2,746ボンドの
収穫であり、これに対してコントロール用地からのエー
カ当り小麦は平均2.048ボンドであった。この数字
から処理用地は34.1%多い収穫を示した。8.5 21ka of treatment land and 75.7 of control land
Eka was harvested on the 251st day after sowing using the sun-moon method. The treated plots yielded an average of 2,746 bonds per acre, compared to an average of 2.048 bonds per acre from the control plots. This figure showed that the treated land had a 34.1% higher yield.
上記の実施例は、グルタミン酸の中のキトサン水溶液が
種子に直接に施された場合における得られた影響とすぐ
れた結果を示す。また、グルタミン酸の中のキトサン水
溶液が種子蒔きの前、同時。The above examples demonstrate the impact and excellent results obtained when an aqueous solution of chitosan in glutamic acid is applied directly to the seeds. In addition, an aqueous solution of chitosan in glutamic acid was used before and at the same time as seed sowing.
又は後で種子蒔き場所に施される場合も、同様に良好な
結果が予期され得る。また、キトサンとグルタミン酸と
の乾燥ブレンドを湿った種子又は土壌の種子蒔き場所に
施す場合も同様な結果が期待され得る。Equally good results can be expected if applied at a later time or at the sowing site. Similar results may also be expected when a dry blend of chitosan and glutamic acid is applied to moist seed or soil seeding sites.
実施例1及び実施例2の米及び小麦に加えて。In addition to the rice and wheat of Examples 1 and 2.
キトサンと非有害酸との水溶液又は乾燥粉末ブレンドは
総ての食料用植物1種子植物、繊維植物、フルーツ植物
−、ナツト植物及び装飾用植物に対しても植物生長に影
響を与える為に使用されることができる。特に米、小麦
以外の種子植物では大麦、からす麦、唐もろこしが含ま
れる。Aqueous solutions or dry powder blends of chitosan and non-toxic acids can be used to influence plant growth in all food plants, seed plants, fiber plants, fruit plants, nut plants and even ornamental plants. can be done. In particular, seed plants other than rice and wheat include barley, oat, and sorghum.
本発明の好ましい実施例が説明として開示されたが、そ
の開示は意義を限定するためよりは寧ろ説明を意図する
ものであり、その限定する意義は当該技術分野の技術者
が容易に為し得る改良を含み、また本発明の精神及び特
許請求の範囲内の意義を含むものである。Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been disclosed by way of illustration, the disclosure is intended to be illustrative rather than limiting, and the limiting implications can readily be made by those skilled in the art. It is intended to include modifications and fall within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.
本発明の植物生長調整剤はキトサンと植物に対する非有
害酸とを含む組成物であり、この植物生長調整剤を種子
蒔きの場所の土壌又は種子に施すことにより1発芽性増
強、根ぼり強化、植物背丈制御、植物生熟性、熟果性、
休眠性に影響を与え、その結果収穫を増大し、収穫時期
を適宜に調整し得る効果を有する。The plant growth regulator of the present invention is a composition containing chitosan and an acid that is non-toxic to plants, and by applying this plant growth regulator to the soil or seeds at the place where seeds are sown, 1) enhancement of germination, strengthening of rooting, Plant height control, plant maturity, fruit ripeness,
It has the effect of influencing dormancy, thereby increasing the yield, and making it possible to adjust the harvest time as appropriate.
代理−人 鵜沼辰之Agent: Tatsuyuki Unuma
Claims (13)
1:10から約10:1の混合物を含み植物生長に影響
を与える組成物であることを特徴とする植物生長調整剤
。(1) A plant growth regulator characterized in that it is a composition that affects plant growth and contains a mixture of chitosan and a non-toxic acid to the plant in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1.
請求の範囲第1項に記載の植物生長調整剤。(2) The plant growth regulator according to claim 1, wherein the mixture is in powder form.
請求の範囲第1項に記載の植物生長調整剤。(3) The plant growth regulator according to claim 1, wherein the mixture is an aqueous solution.
とする特許請求の範囲第1項に記載の植物生長調整剤。(4) The plant growth regulator according to claim 1, wherein the mixture is in the form of an evaporation residue.
μm、前記植物に対する非有害酸が平均粒径約10μm
ないし約30μmであることを特徴とする特許請求の範
囲第2項に記載の植物生長調整剤。(5) The chitosan has an average particle size of about 10 μm to about 30 μm.
μm, the non-toxic acid to the plants has an average particle size of about 10 μm
3. The plant growth regulator according to claim 2, wherein the particle size is from about 30 μm to about 30 μm.
mであることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第4項に記載
の植物生長調整剤。(6) The residue has an average particle size of about 10 μm to about 30 μm.
The plant growth regulator according to claim 4, which is m.
ことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項ないし第6項の
何れかの項に記載の植物生長調整剤。(7) The plant growth regulator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the non-toxic acid to plants is glutamic acid.
比約1:1であることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1
項ないし第7項の何れかの項に記載の植物生長調整剤。(8) Claim 1, characterized in that the chitosan and the non-toxic acid for plants are in a weight ratio of about 1:1.
The plant growth regulator according to any one of Items 7 to 7.
約1:10から約10:1の混合物を含み植物生長に影
響を与える組成物からなる植物生長調整剤を、種子蒔き
場所の土壌、又は植物種子に施すことを特徴とする植物
生長調整剤の使用法。(9) Weight ratio of chitosan and non-toxic acid to plants,
A plant growth regulator comprising a composition containing a mixture of about 1:10 to about 10:1 and affecting plant growth, which is applied to the soil at a seed sowing site or to plant seeds. how to use.
ーカ当りに施されることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第
9項に記載の植物生長調整剤の使用法。(10) The method of using the plant growth regulator according to claim 9, wherein about 10 to about 1,000 g of the chitosan is applied per acre of soil.
れることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第10項に記載の
植物生長調整剤の使用法。(11) The method of using the plant growth regulator according to claim 10, wherein about 30 g of the chitosan is applied per acre of soil.
されることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第9項に記載の
植物生長調整剤の使用法。(12) The method of using the plant growth regulator according to claim 9, wherein about 12 g of the chitosan is applied to about 50 pounds of seeds.
れることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第9項ないし第1
2項の何れかの項に記載の植物生長調整剤の使用法。(13) Claims 9 to 1, characterized in that the plant growth regulator is applied to seeds by a weighed spray method.
A method of using the plant growth regulator described in any of Section 2.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US84606486A | 1986-03-31 | 1986-03-31 | |
US846064 | 1986-03-31 | ||
US025586 | 1987-03-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS62277304A true JPS62277304A (en) | 1987-12-02 |
Family
ID=25296841
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP8088487A Pending JPS62277304A (en) | 1986-03-31 | 1987-03-31 | Plant growth regulator and use |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS62277304A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0632704A (en) * | 1992-07-14 | 1994-02-08 | Takahashi Denki Seisakusho:Yugen | Activator for soil fertility |
-
1987
- 1987-03-31 JP JP8088487A patent/JPS62277304A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
CHEMICAL ABSTRACT * |
CHITIN CHITOSAN AND RELATED ENYYMES * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0632704A (en) * | 1992-07-14 | 1994-02-08 | Takahashi Denki Seisakusho:Yugen | Activator for soil fertility |
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