JPS62276764A - Operating method for fuel cell - Google Patents
Operating method for fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62276764A JPS62276764A JP61119335A JP11933586A JPS62276764A JP S62276764 A JPS62276764 A JP S62276764A JP 61119335 A JP61119335 A JP 61119335A JP 11933586 A JP11933586 A JP 11933586A JP S62276764 A JPS62276764 A JP S62276764A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- battery
- cell
- gas
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium aluminate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Al]=O YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04731—Temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04895—Current
- H01M8/0491—Current of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
３、発明の詳細な説明
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は燃料電池の運転法に係り、特に電池寿命を増大
し、かつ、高出力を得るのに好適な運転法に関する。Detailed Description of the Invention 3. Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method of operating a fuel cell, and particularly to an operation suitable for increasing battery life and obtaining high output. Regarding the law.
一般的な燃料電池は正極と負極を持ち、それらを積層し
て燃料電池積層体を成し、積層体内の各電池は直列に接
続されている。これらの電池は通常空気を使用してその
正極へ酸素を供給し、また水素を使用してその負極へ燃
料を供給することによって発電する。A typical fuel cell has a positive electrode and a negative electrode, which are stacked to form a fuel cell stack, and each cell in the stack is connected in series. These cells typically generate electricity by using air to provide oxygen to their positive electrode and hydrogen to provide fuel to their negative electrode.
ここでは溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池の例についてその構造を
詳細に述べる。まず電池構成要素としては、酸化ニッケ
ル多孔質板からなる正極と、ニッケル多孔質板から成る
負極があり、それらに挟持されて電解質を含浸した電解
質タイルがある。電解質は一般に炭酸カリウムと炭酸リ
チウムの混合から成りその融点は約５００℃である。ま
た、電解質タイルはりチウムアルミネート粉末を焼結し
たものであり、電解質を含むための微細な空孔が体積の
約５０％をしめる。また、電池は積層されるため、正極
に通る空気と、負極に通る水素ガスを分離するためのガ
ス分離板が各電池間にある。溶融塩型燃料電池は一般に
６５０℃の高温で運転され、炭酸塩はアルカリであるた
め、電極材や分離板の腐食が問題になる。そのため、耐
食性材料が一般に使用され分離板にはオーステナイト系
ステンレス鋼が広（使用されている。Here, the structure of an example of a molten carbonate fuel cell will be described in detail. First, the battery components include a positive electrode made of a porous nickel oxide plate, a negative electrode made of a porous nickel plate, and an electrolyte tile impregnated with an electrolyte sandwiched between them. The electrolyte generally consists of a mixture of potassium carbonate and lithium carbonate and has a melting point of about 500°C. The electrolyte tile is made by sintering lithium aluminate powder, and about 50% of the volume is made up of fine pores to contain the electrolyte. Furthermore, since the batteries are stacked, there is a gas separation plate between each battery to separate air passing through the positive electrode from hydrogen gas passing through the negative electrode. Molten salt fuel cells are generally operated at a high temperature of 650° C., and since carbonates are alkaline, corrosion of electrode materials and separators becomes a problem. Therefore, corrosion-resistant materials are generally used, and austenitic stainless steel is widely used for separator plates.
積層された燃料電池は、その接触抵抗を少なくするため
と電池内部に通ったガスの外部への漏洩を防ぐために一
般に一定の力で締付けられている。Stacked fuel cells are generally tightened with a certain force in order to reduce their contact resistance and to prevent gas that has passed inside the cells from leaking to the outside.
しかしながら、電池は高温であることから長時間的に電
解質タイルの空孔をつぶし、また、多孔質電極の空孔を
も無くしてしまう。これをクリープ現象と称する。この
結果前者は、電解質タイル中の空孔に含まれていた電解
質が外部へ押出されてしまい電解質不足となる。また、
後者は電極の空孔がつぶれてしまうことによって電極反
応の低下を招き、この結果電池性能が低下してしまう。However, due to the high temperature of the battery, the pores in the electrolyte tile are crushed over a long period of time, and the pores in the porous electrode are also eliminated. This is called a creep phenomenon. As a result, in the former case, the electrolyte contained in the pores in the electrolyte tile is pushed out to the outside, resulting in an electrolyte shortage. Also,
In the latter case, the pores of the electrode are crushed, resulting in a decrease in electrode reaction, resulting in a decrease in battery performance.
また、電池作動温度を下げることは、電解質の蒸発を防
止し、電解質タイル中のイオンの移動をおさえて電池の
出力を下げると共に、電池の寿命を大幅に延ばすことに
なる。Lowering battery operating temperatures also prevents evaporation of the electrolyte and reduces the movement of ions in the electrolyte tiles, reducing battery output and significantly extending battery life.
電池出力は電池電圧と電池電流の積で計算される。電池
の電圧は単セルにおいて無負荷特約１■であり、負荷時
はそれ以下となる。従って積層された電池の電圧はその
積層数によってほぼ決定されているが、電池へ導入され
るガスの量や組成を変えることによっても電圧は制御可
能である。Battery output is calculated as the product of battery voltage and battery current. The voltage of the battery is 1■ when there is no load in a single cell, and it is less than that when it is under load. Therefore, the voltage of a stacked battery is almost determined by the number of stacked layers, but the voltage can also be controlled by changing the amount and composition of gas introduced into the battery.
一方、電流は、電池へ導入されるガス量や組成を変える
ことにより制御することが一般的であるが、系統内の負
荷抵抗を変化させることによっても可能である。以上の
ように電圧電流を変えることにより負荷を変えることが
できる。On the other hand, the current is generally controlled by changing the amount and composition of gas introduced into the battery, but it is also possible to control the current by changing the load resistance within the system. As described above, the load can be changed by changing the voltage and current.
なお、燃料電池の電池出力制御方法としては、特開昭５
５−５３８７６号に記載されているような方法が′ある
が、これは、電池の作動温度を下げ、酸化剤ガス組成や
流量を制御することにより出力を低下させる方法である
。In addition, as a battery output control method of a fuel cell, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 5
There is a method as described in Japanese Patent No. 5-53876, in which the output is reduced by lowering the operating temperature of the battery and controlling the oxidant gas composition and flow rate.
前述のように、燃料電池においては、電池の作動温度を
下げ、電池寿命をのばしながら、高出力を達成する方法
はこれまで知られていなかった。As mentioned above, in fuel cells, there has been no known method for achieving high output while lowering the operating temperature of the cell and extending the battery life.
本発明の目的は、電池寿命を増大し、かつ高出力を得る
燃料電池の運転法を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a method of operating a fuel cell that increases battery life and obtains high output.
上記目的は燃料電池の運転において、電池温度を制御し
、かつ、電流密度をその電池温度における最高出力点に
制御することにより達成される。The above object is achieved by controlling the cell temperature and controlling the current density to the maximum output point at the cell temperature during operation of the fuel cell.
電池温度を制御する方法について最も効率的な方法は、
電池入口側の燃料及び酸化剤ガスの温度を制御する方法
である。具体的には例えば入口ガス導管に温度調節器を
設けて供給ガス温度を制御する。一方、電池からの温度
、電圧、電流の信号は演算器に受けとり、出力を算出す
る。この時の電池温度と出力を対比する。一方、演算器
は外部からの作動温度に運転されるようにガス温度調節
器に指令し温度制御する。The most efficient way to control battery temperature is
This is a method of controlling the temperature of fuel and oxidant gas on the cell inlet side. Specifically, for example, a temperature regulator is provided in the inlet gas conduit to control the temperature of the supplied gas. On the other hand, temperature, voltage, and current signals from the battery are received by a computing unit and the output is calculated. Compare the battery temperature and output at this time. On the other hand, the computing unit instructs the gas temperature controller to operate at an external operating temperature to control the temperature.
また、電流密度は、入口ガスの流量又はガス組成を変え
ること、また系統内の負荷抵抗を変化させることにより
制御され、作動温度におけるＲ高出力になるように設定
される。The current density is also controlled by varying the inlet gas flow rate or gas composition and by varying the load resistance within the system, and is set to provide R-high output at the operating temperature.
よって、各温度における最高出力が得られるため出力効
率はきわめて高い。Therefore, the maximum output at each temperature can be obtained, resulting in extremely high output efficiency.
本発明の燃料電池の運転法において、燃料電池の運転温
度を下げることにより、電池内部部材の腐食及びクリー
プ現象が防止され、時間の経過による電池性能の低下が
防がれる。しかも、電池密度の制御により各温度におけ
る最高出力が得られるため、高い出力効率が得られる。In the method of operating a fuel cell of the present invention, by lowering the operating temperature of the fuel cell, corrosion and creep phenomena of internal members of the cell are prevented, and deterioration of cell performance over time is prevented. Moreover, since the maximum output at each temperature can be obtained by controlling the battery density, high output efficiency can be obtained.
以下に添付の図を参照しながら本発明の実施例について
詳細に説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第１図は燃料電池発電プラントの一部を示しである。電
気的に直列に接続された複数個の電池を′含む燃料電池
積層体が符号１にて示されているが簡単のために電池の
正極２と負極３により概略図で示しである。各電池は溶
融炭酸塩電解質にて浸漬されたりチウムアルミネートマ
トリックスを含んでいる。このマトリックスは酸素電極
即ち工種電極２と燃料電極即ち負極電極３との間にサン
ドイッチ状に挟持されている。各電池間にはガス分離板
が配設され、隣接する電池を分離している。FIG. 1 shows a part of a fuel cell power generation plant. A fuel cell stack comprising a plurality of cells electrically connected in series is designated by the reference numeral 1, but is schematically illustrated by the positive and negative electrodes 2 and 3 of the cells for the sake of simplicity. Each cell contains a lithium aluminate matrix immersed in a molten carbonate electrolyte. This matrix is sandwiched between an oxygen or metal electrode 2 and a fuel or negative electrode 3. A gas separation plate is disposed between each battery to separate adjacent batteries.
電池に供給されるガス導管は負極側導管４により燃料が
供給され、電池入口側に位置する温度調節器５にてガス
温度を昇温する。しかる後、ガスは負極３へ導入される
。電池内部では発電によりガスが昇温されて排出される
。排出ガスの組成は入口ガスの組成と異なり水素が消費
された後であるため水素割合は減少しているが、電池内
部で１００％消費されないで排出される。入口供給ガス
量と発電に利用されたガス量の比を利用率と称する。The gas conduit supplied to the battery is supplied with fuel through a negative electrode side conduit 4, and the temperature of the gas is raised by a temperature regulator 5 located on the battery inlet side. Thereafter, the gas is introduced into the negative electrode 3. Inside the battery, gas is heated and discharged due to power generation. The composition of the exhaust gas is different from the composition of the inlet gas, and since hydrogen has been consumed, the proportion of hydrogen is reduced, but it is discharged without being 100% consumed inside the battery. The ratio of the amount of gas supplied at the inlet to the amount of gas used for power generation is called the utilization rate.
一般に負極のガス利用率Ｕｆ＝２０〜８０％であるので
残りの８０〜２０％の水素は発電に利用されないで排出
されることになる。この排出ガスの水素の熱量を再利用
するため、図中に示す送風機６によりガス入口側に循環
される。また、その途中において入口ガス導管４と熱交
換器７にて熱交換される。Generally, since the gas utilization rate Uf of the negative electrode is 20 to 80%, the remaining 80 to 20% of hydrogen is not used for power generation and is discharged. In order to reuse the heat of hydrogen in this exhaust gas, it is circulated to the gas inlet side by a blower 6 shown in the figure. Further, heat is exchanged between the inlet gas conduit 4 and the heat exchanger 7 along the way.
一方、正極側導管８からは酸化剤ガス（主として空気と
二酸化炭素）が供給され正極２に導入される。電池排気
後は入口ガスと熱交換器９にて熱交換された後排気され
る。ここで電池からの排気ガスは電池内部の発熱により
入口ガスよりも高温であるため熱交換器を介して入口ガ
ス温度を高くする効果は十分にある。また、負極からの
排気ガスの一部には二酸化炭素が電池内部の反応により
生成す−るため析出する。これを温度調節器９にて温度
を調節した後、送風機１０により正極入口導管に導（こ
とにすれば更に効率的である。前記説明の温度調節器５
及び９は燃料器、電気的加熱器及び熱交換器のいずれで
あってもよい。但し、それぞれの温度は調節できるよう
な機構にしておく必要がある。ここでは燃焼器と考えて
、その温度を調節するために燃料制御弁１１及び１２を
持つことにする。また電池本体に関しては、電池出力計
１３を持ち、それから電圧■と電流Ａを検出する機能を
持ち出力演算器１４において出力を計算し表示記録する
装置を持つ。また、電池本体の温度Ｔは検出され演算器
１５に送られる。ここで電池本体の温度として電池積層
体ｌの中央部の温度か、もしくは、ガス出口付近の温度
がよい。これは電池内部の発熱反応によって温度分布が
異なる。一般に温度が高過ぎると電池を損傷する危険性
があるため、ガス出口部の温度を監視することがよりよ
い。しかし、電池内において温度検出器を数多く取りつ
ける経済的余裕が有るならば各電池内部の温度を数点測
定し、また積層方向にも数セル分測定し、各温度の平均
値か、もしくは最高点を検出する方法がより望ましい。On the other hand, oxidizing gas (mainly air and carbon dioxide) is supplied from the positive electrode side conduit 8 and introduced into the positive electrode 2 . After the battery is exhausted, heat is exchanged with the inlet gas in a heat exchanger 9, and then the battery is exhausted. Here, since the exhaust gas from the battery has a higher temperature than the inlet gas due to heat generation inside the battery, there is a sufficient effect of increasing the temperature of the inlet gas via the heat exchanger. In addition, carbon dioxide is generated in a part of the exhaust gas from the negative electrode due to reactions inside the battery, and is therefore deposited therein. After regulating the temperature with the temperature regulator 9, the air blower 10 guides the material to the positive electrode inlet conduit (this is more efficient.The temperature regulator 5 described above
and 9 may be any of a fuel device, an electric heater, and a heat exchanger. However, it is necessary to have a mechanism that allows each temperature to be adjusted. Here, it will be considered as a combustor, and will have fuel control valves 11 and 12 to adjust its temperature. Regarding the battery itself, it has a battery output meter 13, which has a function of detecting voltage (2) and current A, and an output calculator 14 that calculates and displays and records the output. Further, the temperature T of the battery body is detected and sent to the computing unit 15. Here, the temperature of the battery body is preferably the temperature at the center of the battery stack l or the temperature near the gas outlet. The temperature distribution differs depending on the exothermic reaction inside the battery. It is better to monitor the temperature at the gas outlet, since in general there is a risk of damaging the battery if the temperature is too high. However, if you can afford to install many temperature detectors inside the battery, you can measure the temperature inside each battery at several points, and also at several cells in the stacking direction, and calculate the average value of each temperature or the highest point. A method that detects is more desirable.
演算器１５には、作動温度Ｔと出力と電流■の関係が前
もって入力されているか、又は外部入力信号１６にて与
えられる。The relationship between the operating temperature T, the output, and the current (2) is input to the computing unit 15 in advance, or is given as an external input signal 16.
いま、負荷を変更する信号が与えられると、演算器１５
にて、現状負荷との関係より温度を変更する信号１７を
出し、ガス温度調節器の制御弁１１及び１２を制御する
。Now, when a signal to change the load is given, the arithmetic unit 15
, a signal 17 is issued to change the temperature in relation to the current load, and the control valves 11 and 12 of the gas temperature regulator are controlled.
ここで、この制御弁の変化率、すなわち、温度変化率は
、演算器１５の中に前もって組込まれているか、もしく
は、外部信号１６と同時に入力される。Here, the rate of change of the control valve, that is, the rate of temperature change, is either built into the calculator 15 in advance, or is input simultaneously to the external signal 16.
温度変化率が大きいと、電池のガス通路とそうでない部
分とに大きな伸び差が生じる。特にセラミックスから成
る電解質タイルと、オーステナイト鋼から成る分離板と
の熱膨張係数の差が太きいため、電解質仮に亀裂が生じ
る危険性があることから注意して制御する必要がある。When the rate of temperature change is large, a large difference in elongation occurs between the gas passage and other parts of the battery. In particular, since there is a large difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the electrolyte tile made of ceramics and the separator plate made of austenitic steel, there is a risk that cracks may occur in the electrolyte, so careful control is required.
以上電池温度の制御方法として電池への供給ガス温度を
制御する方法を述べたが、小規模発電プラントにおいて
はガス導入管に温度調節器を設けることは経済的に不利
益になる恐れがある。この場合は、ガスによる電池加熱
制御法によらず、電池本体をその廻りから加熱する方法
の方がよい。Although a method of controlling the temperature of the gas supplied to the battery has been described above as a method of controlling the battery temperature, providing a temperature regulator in the gas introduction pipe may be economically disadvantageous in small-scale power plants. In this case, it is better to use a method that heats the battery body from its surroundings, rather than using a gas-based battery heating control method.
その時の温度調節システムも前記大規模発電プラントと
同様に設ける。A temperature control system at that time will also be provided in the same way as in the large-scale power generation plant.
次に、温度と電池性能特性の関係について詳細に述べる
。第２図は、電池温度と電圧、電流密度との関係を示す
。ここで電流密度は１セルの平均電池電流密度を示す。Next, the relationship between temperature and battery performance characteristics will be described in detail. FIG. 2 shows the relationship between battery temperature, voltage, and current density. The current density here indicates the average battery current density of one cell.
これに電池の発電面積を乗すると電池電流になる。更に
これに電圧を乗すると電池出力となる。Multiplying this by the power generation area of the battery gives the battery current. Furthermore, multiplying this by voltage gives the battery output.
本図において、例えば６５０ ”Ｃの作動温度において
は、電流密度を増加すると電圧がほぼそれに比例して低
下する。この特性は、各温度において同じ傾向にある。In this figure, for example, at an operating temperature of 650''C, increasing the current density causes the voltage to decrease approximately proportionally. This characteristic tends to be the same at each temperature.
また、電池の作動温度を変化させると、電流密度がＯ又
は５０ｍＡ／ｃｎｌと低い場合には低温側の電圧の低下
量は少ないが、電流密度を１５０〜２００ｍＡ／ｃａｌ
と高くすると低温側の電圧低下量が太き（なる。これは
低温では電解質タイル中の炭酸イオンの伝導性が低下す
ること、また電極の分極が上昇するためといわれている
。In addition, when the operating temperature of the battery is changed, when the current density is as low as 0 or 50 mA/cnl, the amount of voltage drop on the low temperature side is small, but when the current density is changed to 150 to 200 mA/cal,
The higher the temperature, the greater the voltage drop on the low temperature side.This is said to be because the conductivity of carbonate ions in the electrolyte tile decreases at low temperatures, and the polarization of the electrodes increases.
第２図に示す電池温度、電池電圧、電流密度の関係を、
電池出力と電流密度及び電池作動温度との関係にすると
第３図となる。The relationship between battery temperature, battery voltage, and current density shown in Figure 2 is
Figure 3 shows the relationship between battery output, current density, and battery operating temperature.
電池出力は各温度において常に極大点を持つ。Battery output always has a maximum point at each temperature.
この極大点での運転は電流密度を調節することにより可
能であり、電流密度は電池へ導入されるガス量及び組成
により反応状態を変えること又は負荷抵抗を変えること
により可能である。Operation at this maximum point is possible by adjusting the current density, which can be controlled by changing the reaction state by changing the amount and composition of gas introduced into the battery, or by changing the load resistance.
第４図は第３図に示す出力極大点をとり、各温度と電池
出力の関係でまとめた図である。図中点１日は電池作動
温度６５０℃の定格出力の位置を示す。FIG. 4 is a diagram that takes the output maximum points shown in FIG. 3 and summarizes the relationship between each temperature and battery output. The middle point 1st in the figure indicates the position of the rated output at a battery operating temperature of 650°C.
叉点１９は部分負荷時の温度と出力を示す。一方高負荷
時には点２０の作動温度と出力を示す。これらの点を包
絡するｖｉ２１を求める。これにそって電池の温度を制
御することにより目標の出力を得ることができる。従っ
て前記第１図に示した演算器１５には、この曲線が入力
されているか、もしくは外部入力１６にて必要出力に見
合った電池温度信号を入力することにより電池出力を制
御することができる。Cross point 19 indicates temperature and power at part load. On the other hand, when the load is high, the operating temperature and output at point 20 are shown. Find vi21 that envelops these points. By controlling the temperature of the battery in accordance with this, the target output can be obtained. Therefore, the battery output can be controlled by inputting this curve into the arithmetic unit 15 shown in FIG. 1, or by inputting a battery temperature signal suitable for the required output through the external input 16.
本発明によれば電池の温度を下げかつ高出力運転ができ
る。従って、電池内部部材の腐食やクリープ現象を防止
でき、又、電解質の消耗を抑制できるため、電池寿命の
大幅な増大となるとともに、出力効率が高いという効果
を奏する。According to the present invention, the temperature of the battery can be lowered and high output operation can be performed. Therefore, corrosion and creep phenomena of internal battery members can be prevented, and consumption of electrolyte can be suppressed, resulting in a significant increase in battery life and high output efficiency.
第１図は本発明の一実施例の発電プラント部分系統図、
第２図は電池特性説明図、第３図は電池出力特性説明図
、第４図は電池出力と温度の相関説明図である。
１・・・燃料電池、２・・・正極電極、３・・・負極電
極、４・・・燃料導管、５・・・燃料ガス温度調節器、
６，１０・・・送風機、７．９・・・熱交換器、８・・
・酸化ガス導管、ＩＬ １２・・・温度調節器制御弁、
１３・・・負荷装置、１４・・・出力演算器、１５・・
・演算器、１６・・・外部負荷信号、１７・・・温度信
号、】８・・・定格出力点、１９・・・低負荷出力点、
２０・・・高負荷出力点、２１・・・出力包絡線。
代理人 弁理士 平 木 祐 輔
３′同楔電換８二酸化剤導管 １５：演算器第２
図
電池温度じＣ）
第３図
１８、定格出力点
１９：低負荷出力点
２０：高負荷出力点FIG. 1 is a partial system diagram of a power generation plant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of battery characteristics, FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of battery output characteristics, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the correlation between battery output and temperature. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Fuel cell, 2... Positive electrode, 3... Negative electrode, 4... Fuel conduit, 5... Fuel gas temperature controller,
6,10...Blower, 7.9...Heat exchanger, 8...
・Oxidizing gas conduit, IL 12...Temperature regulator control valve,
13...Load device, 14...Output calculator, 15...
- Arithmetic unit, 16... External load signal, 17... Temperature signal, ]8... Rated output point, 19... Low load output point,
20...High load output point, 21...Output envelope. Agent Patent Attorney Yusuke Hiraki 3' Wedge electric converter 8 Dioxidant conduit 15: Computing unit No. 2
Figure 3: Battery temperature C) Figure 3: 18, Rated output point 19: Low load output point 20: High load output point
Claims (1)
続された積層体を成し、酸化剤ガスが燃料電池の正極に
接する空気通路へ供給され、燃料ガスがその負極に接す
る燃料通路へ供給される導管を持ち、電池出力装置を持
つ燃料電池において、電池温度を制御し、その温度にお
ける最高出力点を得られるように電流密度を制御するこ
とを特徴とする燃料電池の運転法。 ２、酸化剤ガスが空気であり、燃料ガスが水素である特
許請求の範囲第１項記載の燃料電池の運転法。[Claims] 1. A fuel cell having a positive electrode and a negative electrode forms a stacked body electrically connected in series, and an oxidizing gas is supplied to an air passage in contact with the positive electrode of the fuel cell, and the fuel gas is A fuel cell having a conduit for supplying fuel to a fuel passage in contact with the negative electrode and having a cell output device, characterized in that the cell temperature is controlled and the current density is controlled so as to obtain the maximum output point at that temperature. How to operate a fuel cell. 2. The method of operating a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the oxidant gas is air and the fuel gas is hydrogen.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61119335A JPS62276764A (en) | 1986-05-26 | 1986-05-26 | Operating method for fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61119335A JPS62276764A (en) | 1986-05-26 | 1986-05-26 | Operating method for fuel cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62276764A true JPS62276764A (en) | 1987-12-01 |
Family
ID=14758933
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61119335A Pending JPS62276764A (en) | 1986-05-26 | 1986-05-26 | Operating method for fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62276764A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013191572A (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2013-09-26 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Mcfc power generation system and operation method thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5553876A (en) * | 1978-10-13 | 1980-04-19 | United Technologies Corp | Method of lowering output power of fuel battery |
-
1986
- 1986-05-26 JP JP61119335A patent/JPS62276764A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5553876A (en) * | 1978-10-13 | 1980-04-19 | United Technologies Corp | Method of lowering output power of fuel battery |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013191572A (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2013-09-26 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Mcfc power generation system and operation method thereof |
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