JPS6226729Y2 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JPS6226729Y2 JPS6226729Y2 JP11879380U JP11879380U JPS6226729Y2 JP S6226729 Y2 JPS6226729 Y2 JP S6226729Y2 JP 11879380 U JP11879380 U JP 11879380U JP 11879380 U JP11879380 U JP 11879380U JP S6226729 Y2 JPS6226729 Y2 JP S6226729Y2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- optical system
- photo sensor
- sensor array
- distance
- optical axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 114
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Focusing (AREA)
- Lens Barrels (AREA)
- Measurement Of Optical Distance (AREA)
Description
【考案の詳細な説明】
本考案は、三角測量を原理とするオートフオー
カス機構を具備したカメラの測距光学系に関する
ものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to a distance measuring optical system for a camera equipped with an autofocus mechanism based on the principle of triangulation.
一般の測距光学系は、特開昭53−85453号に代
表的に記載されているように、二つの結像光学系
を有し、一方の結像光学系によつて形成される物
体像と他方の結像光学系によつて形成される物体
像の相対的な位置関係より物体までの撮影距離を
算出している。二つの物体像の相対的な位置関係
は、像面に、微少な光感応素子を多数個配列して
成るフオトセンサーアレイを配置し、このフオト
センサーアレイ上に結像した二つの物体像を電気
的に続み取つて決めている。又特開昭50−43917
号に記載されているように、結像光学系の一部を
振動させて、二つの物体像を所定の相対的な位置
関係に形成させて、撮影距離を算出する方法もあ
るが、この算出方法の光学的原理は前述の特開昭
53−85453号の記載の光学的原理と同様である。 A general distance measuring optical system has two imaging optical systems, and an object image is formed by one of the imaging optical systems, as typically described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-85453. The photographing distance to the object is calculated from the relative positional relationship between the object image formed by the one image forming optical system and the other image forming optical system. The relative positional relationship between two object images is determined by arranging a photo sensor array consisting of a large number of minute photosensitive elements on the image plane, and electrically converting the two object images formed on this photo sensor array. I have decided to continue. Also, Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-43917
As described in the issue, there is also a method of vibrating a part of the imaging optical system to form two object images in a predetermined relative positional relationship to calculate the shooting distance, but this calculation The optical principle of the method is based on the aforementioned Japanese patent publication Sho.
The optical principle is similar to that described in No. 53-85453.
これらの測距光学系において共通することは、
測距用のフオトセンサー・アレイが製作誤差等に
より光軸方向に位置ズレを生じると、測距精度が
低下することである。これはフオトセンサー・ア
レイ上に結像される二つの物体像の相対的位置が
フオトセンサー・アレイの光軸方向の位置ズレに
因り誤差を含んで検出される為である。 What these ranging optical systems have in common is that
If the photo sensor array for distance measurement is misaligned in the optical axis direction due to manufacturing errors or the like, the accuracy of distance measurement will be reduced. This is because the relative positions of the two object images formed on the photo sensor array are detected with errors due to the positional deviation of the photo sensor array in the optical axis direction.
本考案の目的は、製作誤差等によつてフオトセ
ンサーアレイが光軸上に位置ズレを生じても、精
度良く測距することのできる光学系を提供するこ
とである。この為に測距用の二つの結像光学系の
うち少なくとも一方をテレセントリツク光学系と
したことである。次に従来の測距光学系で問題点
を指摘した後、本考案の測距光学系を各図と共に
説明する。 An object of the present invention is to provide an optical system that can accurately measure distance even if the photo sensor array is misaligned on the optical axis due to manufacturing errors or the like. For this purpose, at least one of the two imaging optical systems for distance measurement is made a telecentric optical system. Next, after pointing out the problems with the conventional distance measuring optical system, the distance measuring optical system of the present invention will be explained with reference to each figure.
第１図は従来の測距光学系の一実施形態を示す
光学断面図である。図において１は測距しようと
する物点であり、２，３，４は各々基準光学系の
ミラー，開口絞り，レンズであり、２′，３′，
４′は各各、参照光学系のミラー，開口絞り，レ
ンズであり、６は反射プリズム、７はフオトセン
サーアレイである。A1，A2は物点１より射出し
た光線を示す。 FIG. 1 is an optical sectional view showing an embodiment of a conventional distance measuring optical system. In the figure, 1 is the object point to be measured, 2, 3, and 4 are the mirror, aperture stop, and lens of the reference optical system, and 2', 3',
4' is a mirror, an aperture stop, and a lens of the reference optical system, 6 is a reflection prism, and 7 is a photo sensor array. A 1 and A 2 indicate the rays emitted from object point 1.
ここで基準光学系とは測距用の二つの結像光学
系のうち光軸が撮影リンズに近く配置され、撮影
者が選択した被写体の像を比較のための基準像と
して形成し、三角測量による測距で固定ミラーを
含む側の光学系をいい、参照光学系とは光軸が基
準光学系の光軸より撮影レンズから遠く離れてお
り三角測量による測距では二つの物体像を合致さ
せる為に回転させるミラーを含む側の光学系をい
うものである。但し、本出願ではミラーを回転さ
せる代りにフオトセンサーアレイ自体の走査で実
現する。 Here, the reference optical system is one of the two imaging optical systems for distance measurement, the optical axis of which is placed close to the photographing lens, and which forms the image of the subject selected by the photographer as a reference image for comparison, and performs triangulation. The reference optical system refers to the side of the optical system that includes the fixed mirror in distance measurement using triangulation. This refers to the optical system that includes the mirror that is rotated for this purpose. However, in this application, scanning of the photo sensor array itself is performed instead of rotating the mirror.
物点１から射出した光線のうち一部A1は基準
光学系のミラー２で反射し、レンズ４をへて反射
プリズム６で反射した後フオトセンサーアレイ７
上に結像し、他の一部光線A2は参照光学系のミ
ラー２′で反射し、レンズ５をへて反射プリズム
６で反射した後、フオトセンサーアレイ７上の、
基準光学系により形成される物体像と異なる位置
に結像する。 A part of the light beam A1 emitted from the object point 1 is reflected by the mirror 2 of the reference optical system, passes through the lens 4, is reflected by the reflection prism 6, and then passes through the photo sensor array 7.
The other part of the light beam A 2 is reflected by the mirror 2' of the reference optical system, passes through the lens 5, and is reflected by the reflection prism 6, and then is reflected on the photo sensor array 7.
The object image is formed at a different position from the object image formed by the reference optical system.
第２図は第１図の測距光学系の原理を理解しや
すくする為に、第１図の測距光学系を展開してミ
ラーやプリズムを省略した説明図である。更にフ
オトセンサーアレイが光軸方向に位置ズレを生じ
た場合について示した。図において各要素に付し
た番号は第１図の各要素に付した番号と同じ要素
を示し、７′はフオトセンサーアレイ７が光軸方
向に△Sk′だけ位置ズレを起こした状態を示す。
図の下方の光学系は基準光学系であり、上方の光
学系は参照光学系を示す。 FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the distance-measuring optical system shown in FIG. 1 expanded and omitting mirrors and prisms in order to make it easier to understand the principle of the distance-measuring optical system shown in FIG. Furthermore, a case is shown in which the photo sensor array is misaligned in the optical axis direction. The numbers assigned to each element in the figure indicate the same elements as the numbers assigned to each element in FIG. 1, and 7' indicates a state in which the photo sensor array 7 is displaced by ΔSk' in the optical axis direction.
The optical system at the bottom of the figure is a reference optical system, and the optical system at the top is a reference optical system.
次に第２図を用いて測距原理について説明す
る。 Next, the principle of distance measurement will be explained using FIG.
基準光学系と参照光学系の光軸間隔、いわゆる
基線長をｌとし、レンズ４及びレンズ５の後側主
点とフオトセンサーアレイ７との間隔をSk′と
し、基準光学系の光軸上に物体像が結像され、参
照光学系の光軸より距離ｈのところに同一物体の
物体像が結像されているとき、物体距離S1は
S1＝Sk′・ｌ／ｈ ……(1)
式より算出される。(1)式よりSk′とｌは既知であ
るからｈの値を求めれば物体距離S1を算出するこ
とができる。ここでｈの値はフオトセンサーアレ
イ７によつて電気的に続み取つて求められるもの
である。 The distance between the optical axes of the standard optical system and the reference optical system, the so-called base line length, is l, and the distance between the rear principal points of lenses 4 and 5 and the photo sensor array 7 is Sk', and the optical axis of the reference optical system is When an object image of the same object is formed at a distance h from the optical axis of the reference optical system, the object distance S 1 is S 1 =Sk'・l/h...(1 ) Calculated from the formula. Since Sk' and l are known from equation (1), the object distance S 1 can be calculated by finding the value of h. Here, the value of h is determined electrically by the photo sensor array 7.
今、製作誤差その他何らかの要因によつてフオ
トセンサーアレイ７が光軸方向に△Sk′だけ変位
したとするとフオトセンサーアレイ７上の物体像
の位置は光軸と垂直方向に
△ｈ＝ｌ／Ｓ１・△Sk′ ……(2)
だけ変位する。参照光学系の光軸より距離ｈの位
置に物体像が形成されるときは、物体距離S1は(1)
式より求まるので同様に参照光学系の光軸より距
離ｈ＋△ｈの位置に物体像が形成されるとき物体
距離S1′は
S1′＝Sk′・ｌ／（ｈ＋△ｈ） ……(3)
として求められる。この結果△ｈにより測距誤差
が生ずることになる。 Now, if the photo sensor array 7 is displaced by △Sk' in the optical axis direction due to a manufacturing error or some other factor, the position of the object image on the photo sensor array 7 will be △h=l/S in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis. Displaced by 1・△Sk′...(2). When an object image is formed at a distance h from the optical axis of the reference optical system, the object distance S 1 is (1)
Since it can be found from the formula, similarly when an object image is formed at a distance h+△h from the optical axis of the reference optical system, the object distance S 1 ′ is S 1 ′=Sk′・l/(h+△h) ……( 3) is required as. As a result, a distance measurement error occurs due to Δh.
具体的に数値を入れて測距誤差を計算してみる
と、物体距離S1＝2000mm，レンズ４からフオトセ
ンサーアレイ７までの距離Sk′＝15mm，基線長ｌ
＝35mmの場合を想定し、フオトセンサーアレイ７
が製作誤差その他の要因により位置ズレ△Sk′＝
0.5mm生じたとすると(1)式よりｈ＝0.2625mm，(2)
式より△ｈ＝0.0088mm，(3)式よりS1′≒1935.13mm
となり被写体側で約65mmのピントズレを生ずるこ
とになる。これをフイルム面側に換算するとｆ＝
50mmの標準レンズで約0.04mm，ｆ＝135mmの望遠
レンズでは約0.34mmになる。これは一般の35mmフ
イルムの最小錯乱円が0.035mm程度であるから、
ｆ＝135mmの望遠レンズを使用したときはＦナン
バーが８のときでも焦点深度から外れてしまうこ
とになる。 When calculating the distance measurement error by entering specific values, we find that the object distance S 1 = 2000 mm, the distance Sk' from the lens 4 to the photo sensor array 7 = 15 mm, and the base line length l
=35mm, photo sensor array 7
However, due to manufacturing errors and other factors, positional deviation △Sk′=
If 0.5mm occurs, then from equation (1) h = 0.2625mm, (2)
From formula, △h=0.0088mm, from formula (3), S 1 ′≒1935.13mm
This results in a focus shift of approximately 65mm on the subject side. Converting this to the film side, f =
With a standard 50mm lens, it is approximately 0.04mm, and with a telephoto lens of f=135mm, it is approximately 0.34mm. This is because the circle of least confusion of general 35mm film is about 0.035mm.
When using a telephoto lens with f=135mm, the depth of focus will be out of reach even when the f/number is 8.
本考案の構成はフオトセンサーアレイ７の光軸
方向の位置ズレによる測距誤差の防止を図る為
に、測距光学系の二つの結像光学系のうち少なく
とも一つの結像光学系をテレセントリツク光学系
とするものである。 The configuration of the present invention is such that at least one of the two imaging optical systems of the ranging optical system is telecentric in order to prevent ranging errors due to positional deviation in the optical axis direction of the photo sensor array 7. This is an optical system.
本考案の測距光学系の原理的断面図を第３図に
示す。同図には基準光学系と参照光学系の双方共
にテレセントリツク光学系としたものを図示した
が、一方の光学系例えば参照光学系のみをテレセ
ントリツク光学系としてもよい。これは基準光学
系もテレセントリツク光学系とした方が好ましい
が一般に基準光学系のレンズの使用画角範囲が比
較的狭いので特にテレセントリツク光学系としな
くても精度的に充分な為である。 FIG. 3 shows a principle cross-sectional view of the distance measuring optical system of the present invention. In the figure, both the reference optical system and the reference optical system are shown as telecentric optical systems, but one of the optical systems, for example, only the reference optical system, may be a telecentric optical system. This is because, although it is preferable that the reference optical system is also a telecentric optical system, since the field angle range in which the lenses of the reference optical system are generally used is relatively narrow, accuracy is sufficient even if the reference optical system is not specifically made a telecentric optical system.
１は基準光学系の光軸上にある物点であり、８
は基準光学系のレンズ４の前側焦点位置であり、
３は焦点位置８に配置された開口絞りである。
８′は参照光学系のレンズ５の前側焦点位置であ
り、３′は焦点位置８′に配置された開口絞りであ
り、そして７はフオトセンサーアレイであり、
７′はフオトセンサーアレイ７が光軸方向に位置
ズレを起こした状態を示す。 1 is an object point on the optical axis of the reference optical system, and 8
is the front focal position of the lens 4 of the reference optical system,
3 is an aperture stop located at the focal point position 8.
8' is the front focal position of the lens 5 of the reference optical system, 3' is an aperture stop located at the focal position 8', and 7 is a photo sensor array.
7' indicates a state in which the photo sensor array 7 is displaced in the optical axis direction.
テレセントリツク光学系は光学系の焦点位置に
開口絞りを配置することによつて得られるもので
図において前側焦点位置８及び８′に開口絞り３
及び３′を配置した場合に相当する。テレセント
リツク光学系では各画角の主光線は光軸と平行に
レンズから射出するので、主光線は光軸と垂直に
配置されたフオトセンサーアレイ７上の受光面に
垂直に入射する。この結果、フオトセンサーアレ
イ７の位置が光軸方向に位置ズレを起こし７′の
状態に変位しても各画角の主光線がフオトセンサ
ーアレイ７′に入射する光軸上からの高さの位置
は変化しない。更にフオトセンサーアレイに入射
する各主光線の位置はフオトセンサーアレイの光
軸方向の位置ズレによつて生ずるボケた点像のほ
ぼ重心に相当する為にフオトセンサーアレイで検
出する物体像の大きさはフオトセンサーアレイの
光軸方向の位置ズレにかかわりなく同じ大きさに
検出される。これは図に示すようにフオトセンサ
ーアレイ７が位置ズレを起こして７′の状態に変
位しても、第３式の測距計算の誤差要因となる△
ｈが零になることを示す。この結果、測距用の結
像光学系をテレセントリツク光学系とすることに
より、フオトセンサーアレイが光軸方向に位置ズ
レを起こしても正確な物体距離を算出することが
できるのである。 A telecentric optical system is obtained by placing an aperture stop at the focal position of the optical system.
This corresponds to the case where 3' and 3' are arranged. In the telecentric optical system, the chief ray at each angle of view exits from the lens parallel to the optical axis, so the chief ray is perpendicularly incident on the light receiving surface on the photo sensor array 7 arranged perpendicular to the optical axis. As a result, even if the position of the photo sensor array 7 is shifted in the optical axis direction and is displaced to the state 7', the height from the optical axis at which the principal ray of each angle of view is incident on the photo sensor array 7' is maintained. The position does not change. Furthermore, since the position of each principal ray incident on the photo sensor array corresponds to approximately the center of gravity of the blurred point image caused by positional deviation in the optical axis direction of the photo sensor array, the size of the object image detected by the photo sensor array is is detected as the same size regardless of the positional deviation of the photo sensor array in the optical axis direction. As shown in the figure, even if the photo sensor array 7 is displaced to the state 7', it will cause an error in the distance measurement calculation using the third equation.
This shows that h becomes zero. As a result, by using a telecentric optical system as the imaging optical system for distance measurement, it is possible to accurately calculate the object distance even if the photo sensor array is misaligned in the optical axis direction.
次に第４図と第５図に本考案の具体的実施例の
光学断面図を示す。 Next, FIGS. 4 and 5 show optical cross-sectional views of specific embodiments of the present invention.
両図において各要素に付した番号は第１図、第
２図、第３図で各要素に付した番号と同じ要素を
示す。 The numbers assigned to each element in both figures indicate the same elements as the numbers assigned to each element in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3.
第４図においては開口絞り３及び３′をミラー
２及び２′より物体側に配置し、更にレンズ４及
び５の前側焦点位置８及び８′に一致させた光学
系の断面図を示す。 FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of an optical system in which the aperture stops 3 and 3' are arranged closer to the object side than the mirrors 2 and 2', and are aligned with the front focus positions 8 and 8' of the lenses 4 and 5.
第５図においてはレンズ４及び５を反射プリズ
ム６とフオトセンサーアレイ７の間に配置し、開
口絞り３及び３′をミラー２及び２′と反射プリズ
ム６との間であつてレンズ４及び５の前側焦点位
置９及び１０に一致させた光学系の断面図を示
す。 In FIG. 5, the lenses 4 and 5 are arranged between the reflecting prism 6 and the photo sensor array 7, the aperture stops 3 and 3' are arranged between the mirrors 2 and 2' and the reflecting prism 6, and the lenses 4 and 5 are arranged between the mirrors 2 and 2' and the reflecting prism 6. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the optical system aligned with the front focal positions 9 and 10 of FIG.
第４図、第５図に示すように測距用の結像光学
系をテレセントリツク光学系にすることによつ
て、フオトセンサーアレイが製作上の誤差により
光軸方向に位置ズレを生じても、又製品毎によつ
て光軸方向の厚さが異つているフオトセンサーア
レイを用いても、精度良く測距することができる
のである。尚、図では基準光学系と参照光学系の
双方をテレセントリツク光学系としたが、参照光
学系の一方のみをテレセントリツク光学系として
も本考案の目的を達成できる事は前述のとおりで
ある。 As shown in Figures 4 and 5, by using a telecentric optical system as the imaging optical system for distance measurement, even if the photo sensor array is misaligned in the optical axis direction due to manufacturing errors. Furthermore, distance measurement can be performed with high accuracy even when using a photo sensor array whose thickness in the optical axis direction varies depending on the product. In the figure, both the standard optical system and the reference optical system are telecentric optical systems, but as described above, the object of the present invention can be achieved even if only one of the reference optical systems is a telecentric optical system.
第１図は従来の測距光学系の断面図、第２図は
第１図の測距光学系の主要部を展開したものであ
つて、測距の誤差の説明図、第３図は本考案の測
距光学系の原理を示す説明図、そして第４図、第
５図は本考案の実施例を示す断面図である。図中
１は物点、２及び２′はミラー、３及び３′は開口
絞り、４及び５はレンズ、６は反射プリズム、７
はフオトセンサーアレイ、８，８′，９及び１０
はレンズ４又は５の前側焦点位置である。
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional distance measuring optical system, Figure 2 is an expanded view of the main parts of the distance measuring optical system in Figure 1, and is an explanatory diagram of the error in distance measurement, and Figure 3 is an illustration of the main parts of the distance measuring optical system in Figure 1. An explanatory diagram showing the principle of the distance measuring optical system of the invention, and FIGS. 4 and 5 are sectional views showing an embodiment of the invention. In the figure, 1 is an object point, 2 and 2' are mirrors, 3 and 3' are aperture stops, 4 and 5 are lenses, 6 is a reflective prism, and 7
are photo sensor arrays, 8, 8', 9 and 10
is the front focal position of lens 4 or 5.
Claims (1)
を有し、一方の結像光学系によつて形成される
物体像と他方の結像光学系によつて形成される
物体像との相対的位置関係から物体までの距離
を算出する測距光学系において、前記二つの結
像光学系のうち少なくとも一つの結像光学系を
テレセントリツクな光学系とすることを特徴と
する測距光学系。 (2) 前記二つの結像光学系のうち、参照光学系を
テレセントリツクな光学系としたことを特徴と
する実用新案登録請求の範囲第１項記載の測距
光学系。[Claims for Utility Model Registration] (1) It has two imaging optical systems, a standard optical system and a reference optical system, and an object image formed by one imaging optical system and an object image formed by the other imaging optical system. In a distance measuring optical system that calculates the distance to an object from the relative positional relationship with an object image formed by a telecentric optical system, at least one of the two imaging optical systems is A distance measuring optical system characterized by: (2) The distance measuring optical system according to claim 1, wherein the reference optical system of the two imaging optical systems is a telecentric optical system.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11879380U JPS6226729Y2 (en) | 1980-08-22 | 1980-08-22 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11879380U JPS6226729Y2 (en) | 1980-08-22 | 1980-08-22 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5743409U JPS5743409U (en) | 1982-03-10 |
| JPS6226729Y2 true JPS6226729Y2 (en) | 1987-07-09 |
Family
ID=29479477
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11879380U Expired JPS6226729Y2 (en) | 1980-08-22 | 1980-08-22 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6226729Y2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7804517B2 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2010-09-28 | Sony Corporation | Three-dimensional image-capturing apparatus |
| JP2006052975A (en) * | 2004-08-10 | 2006-02-23 | Nikon Corp | Binocular vision apparatus |
-
1980
- 1980-08-22 JP JP11879380U patent/JPS6226729Y2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5743409U (en) | 1982-03-10 |
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