JPS6224025A - Rolling bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the seizing damage by making the material of an inner ring out of the material having a smaller linear expansion coefficient than that of an outer ring. CONSTITUTION:An outer ring 1 and balls 3 are made of high-carbon chromium bearing steel, Grade 2 (SUJ2), and an inner ring 2 is made of martensite stainless steel as one of materials having a smaller linear expansion coefficient than that of said bearing steel. Consequently, even if a temperature difference between the outer ring 1 and the inner ring 2 is caused by the heat generation of bearing so that the temperature of inner ring 2 becomes higher than that of outer ring 1, the expansion of inner ring 2 for this temperature difference is restricted within a small value, and the change in the inner clearance and pre-load of the bearing is reduced.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 「ｆｒ、業」、−の利用分野１ この発明は、玉軸受、ころ軸受などの転がり軸受の使用
中にＩｊける温度上昇にイ゛１′う熱膨張の大きい箇所
に使用される転がり軸受に関し、例えば、高速回転で使
用される工作（尺（・成用の回１匠部の支持軸受として
有効な転がり＋ｉｌ＋受を提供するものである。。[Detailed description of the invention] Field of application of "fr, industry" - 1 This invention is applicable to locations where thermal expansion is large due to temperature rise during use of rolling bearings such as ball bearings and roller bearings. Regarding rolling bearings used in, for example, we provide rolling bearings that are effective as support bearings for machining parts used in high-speed rotation.

［従来技術１ 一般に最近の工作代械は、ますます高速回転化する傾向
にあり、該工作（穴（・戒の回転部を支持する転がり軸
受にも高ｔ１１度で、かつ、苛酷な使用条件が強いられ
てきている。軸受の回転ｊ）ｐ度が〒、くなるにつれて
、軸受の内部ｒきまとの関連１こおけろ転がり摩擦によ
る発熱がｍ、増し、軸受の温度ら高くなる。[Prior art 1] In general, recent machining tools tend to rotate at higher and higher speeds, and the rolling bearings that support the rotating parts of the machining machines (holes) have a high t of 11 degrees and are subject to severe operating conditions. As the degree of rotation of the bearing increases to 〒, the heat generated by rolling friction between the bearing's internal space increases by m, and the temperature of the bearing becomes higher.

通常の袖受支持枯造にあっては、曲記発熱に件う外輪の
熱は、ハウン゛ングを通り比較的放熱しやｒいが、内輪
の熱は、袖体側から放熱され：二＜いため、外輪に比べ
内輪の温度が高くなる。In the case of normal armrest supports, the heat from the outer ring due to heat generation is relatively easily dissipated through the hounging, but the heat from the inner ring is radiated from the sleeve body side. Therefore, the temperature of the inner ring becomes higher than that of the outer ring.

ところが、従来の転がり軸受は、はとんどの場合、外輪
と内輪とが同一の材料、すなわｒ、、通常軸受鋼と呼ば
れている高炭素クロム軸受鋼羽村で作られているために
、萌述のＪ、うな軸受発熱によって、外輪と内輪との間
１こ温度差が生じ、軸受の内部すきまは、発熱しない１
１；ｊと比べ小こ・くなる。However, in most conventional rolling bearings, the outer ring and inner ring are made of the same material, namely high carbon chromium bearing steel Hamura, commonly called bearing steel. Moe's J, Una Bearing heat generation causes a temperature difference between the outer ring and the inner ring, and the internal clearance of the bearing does not generate heat.
1; Smaller than j.

（減少する。） このため、特に使用条件のきυ′しい高速回転下し、そ
れが更に発熱を助艮するという悪循環をらたらし、つい
には、軸受の焼付きという損傷に至ることが多い。(Decreases.) This causes a vicious cycle in which the rotation speed is reduced under particularly harsh operating conditions, which in turn increases heat generation, which often leads to damage such as seizure of the bearing. .

通常使用回転速度が一定の場合には、その特定の使用条
件下においで最適なすきま、あるいは最適な予圧となる
ようにあらかじめ補正した軸受を選定して組（−ｆけれ
ば良いが、その補正にむずかしさがあり、また回転条ｆ
／ｌ−が種々と変化する場合には、回転装置に組込まれ
た軸受の温度を検出し、軸受の予圧（またはすきま）を
外部的な力（例えば油圧機構など）によって調整するこ
ともなされているか゛、装置が複雑で、がっ、高価とな
るなどの欠点があった。If the normal operating speed is constant, select and assemble a bearing that has been corrected in advance to provide the optimum clearance or optimum preload under the specific operating conditions (-f is fine, but the correction There is difficulty in
/l- changes in various ways, it is also possible to detect the temperature of a bearing incorporated in a rotating device and adjust the preload (or clearance) of the bearing using an external force (for example, a hydraulic mechanism). However, there were drawbacks such as the equipment being complicated and expensive.

［発明が解決しようとする問題点］ この発明は、上記従来の問題点を解決することを目的と
し、具体的には、軸受の温度上外に伴う外内輪間の温度
差による軸受の内部すきまや予圧の変化を簡単な手段に
よってより小さく押え、焼イｊき損傷を防１１−Ｆるこ
と１．：ある。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems. Specifically, it is an object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems. 1. To suppress the change in preload and preload to a smaller value by simple means and prevent damage due to burning.1. :be.

［問題を解決するための手段１ この発明は、軸体に１′ＩＫ介される内輪とハウジング
に保持される外輪との間に転動体を備えた転がり軸受に
おいて、重工内輪の材料を外輪の材料よりも線膨脹係数
の小さい材質としたものである。[Means for Solving the Problem 1] The present invention provides a rolling bearing having rolling elements between an inner ring interposed in the shaft body and an outer ring held in a housing, in which the material of the heavy-duty inner ring is replaced by the material of the outer ring. The material has a smaller coefficient of linear expansion than that of the material.

１作　用１ かくして、この発明にあっては、軸受の発熱；こよって
外輪と内輪との間に温度；ｉ二が生じ、内輪の温度が、
外輪の温度上りら高くなっても、二のｊ・１■度差に対
する内輪の膨張が小さく押えられ、その結果、軸受の内
部Ｊ−さまやｒ・圧の変化が小さい。1 Effect 1 Thus, in this invention, heat generation of the bearing occurs; therefore, temperature; i2 occurs between the outer ring and the inner ring, and the temperature of the inner ring becomes
Even if the temperature of the outer ring increases, the expansion of the inner ring with respect to a difference of 2.1 degrees is kept small, and as a result, changes in the internal J-shape and r-pressure of the bearing are small.

「実施例１ 次にこの発明を図に示［アンギエラ形玉軸受について説
明すると、１は外輪、２は内輪、（（は転動体である玉
、４は保持器１，５は軸体、６はハウジングである。``Example 1'' Next, this invention is shown in the figure [Explaining an Angiela type ball bearing, 1 is an outer ring, 2 is an inner ring, ((( is a ball which is a rolling element, 4 is a cage 1, 5 is a shaft body, 6 is the housing.

外輪１および玉３は、高炭素り【ツム軸受鋼箔材（軸受
鋼）ｆＩＳ２種（ＳＵＪ２）から形成さｔ−Ｌでおり、
また内輪２は、重工・狛受刑（線膨脹係数１２，５Ｘ　
１０−’、”（：’　）よりも線膨脹係数の小さい材料
の１つとしてのマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼（ＳＵＳ
４４０Ｃ，線膨脹係数１０Ｘ　１０−６／”Ｃ）によっ
て形成されている。The outer ring 1 and the balls 3 are made of high carbon steel [Tum bearing steel foil material (bearing steel) fIS type 2 (SUJ2)].
In addition, the inner ring 2 is heavy industry/Komajuku (linear expansion coefficient 12.5X
Martensitic stainless steel (SUS) as one of the materials with a smaller coefficient of linear expansion than
440C, linear expansion coefficient 10X 10-6/''C).

ちなみに実験のためのＡ？ｒ段として、従来の如く、内
輪、外輪Ｊ５よび工を軸受鋼（ＳｔｌＪ２）とした場ｒ
やと、内輪を１肪述のマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼（
ＳＵＳ４４０Ｃ）とした例およびこれ等と他の材料との
３■合わせによる軸受を設定し、これを、軸受８番７０
１３Ｃ（アンキ“ニラ形玉軸受で、外径：　１．　ＯＯ
Ｉｎ　ｍ　。By the way, A for experiment? As for the r stage, if the inner ring, outer ring J5 and machining are made of bearing steel (StlJ2) as in the past, r
The inner ring is made of martensitic stainless steel (
An example of using SUS440C) and a bearing made by combining these with other materials are set up, and this is used as bearing No. 8 70.
13C (Anki "Leek" type ball bearing, outer diameter: 1. OO
In m.

誇］径：　６５　Ｉｎ　ｍ、幅：１８　＋ａ　ｍ、接触
角：１５°）の軸受に適用し、これを２個背面組合わせ
として組付け、か−）、外輪と内輪との間に温度差のな
い場合の予圧を５０ｋＨ［と想定し、温度差による軸受
のラジアルＶき１士と予圧の変化を算出すると下記の表
のようになる。Applicable to bearings with diameter: 65 In m, width: 18 + am, contact angle: 15°), and two of these are assembled as a back-to-back combination, so that there is no temperature difference between the outer ring and the inner ring. Assuming that the preload is 50 kHz without the bearing, the change in the radial V of the bearing and the preload due to the temperature difference is calculated as shown in the table below.

以下余白 ■ 上記６つの例から見て理解でトるように、従″米の如く
、外輪、内輪および工を同一・材料、すなわち、軸受鋼
にて形成した例１−（りの場合は、外輪と内輪との温度
差が僅が４　’ＣＩ：灯り、　Ｔ′−圧が約２．２倍に
も増加するのに対し、■の内輪を・マル・ンンサイト系
ステンレス剃とした場かにはほとんど変化が見らｈず、
またレリ■の）１５じ；７゛Ｃの）Ｊ、５合にあ・）′
Ｃも、この発明のものは、予圧の増加がほとんど見られ
ないらのと、逆に大きく低重ζＹるものとが見られる。Below is the margin■ As can be understood from the above six examples, as in Example 1, the outer ring, inner ring, and machining are made of the same material, namely bearing steel. Although the temperature difference between the outer ring and the inner ring is only 4' CI: light, the T'-pressure increases by about 2.2 times, but when the inner ring of There was almost no change in
Also, Leli ■) 15th; 7゛C's) J, 5th go.)'
C also shows that in the case of the present invention, there is almost no increase in preload, while on the other hand, there is a large decrease in weight ζY.

以上述べたようにこの発明にあっては、軸木に嵌合され
る内輪とハウン゛ングに保持される外輪との間に転動体
を有する転がつ軸受におい′Ｃ１前記紬受の内輪の材料
が外輪の材料よりも線膨脹係数の小さい材質によって形
成されているので、軸受の使用中、軸受の温度上昇によ
り内輪の温度が、外輪の’ＩＷ度よりも高くなり、内輪
と外輪との間に温度差による内部すきまの変化が生じて
ら予圧の変化はほとんどなく、あるいは逆に減少する。As described above, in this invention, in a rolling bearing having rolling elements between an inner ring fitted to an axle and an outer ring held by a housing, Since the material is made of a material with a coefficient of linear expansion smaller than that of the material of the outer ring, during use of the bearing, the temperature of the inner ring becomes higher than the 'IW degree of the outer ring due to the temperature rise of the bearing. If the internal clearance changes due to the temperature difference between the two, there is almost no change in the preload, or on the contrary, it decreases.

わめて有効である４゜ また前述の内輪の材料を単に外輪の材料の材質よりも線
膨脹係数の小さい材料とするだけでなく、同時に軸体の
材料の線膨脹係数よりも小さい材質とすれば、熱膨張に
よる内輪と軸体との間のはめあいしろの減少が押えられ
、内輪のクリープ防止にも役立つ。4. It is extremely effective to use a material for the inner ring as described above, which not only has a linear expansion coefficient smaller than that of the outer ring material, but also has a linear expansion coefficient smaller than that of the shaft material. For example, the reduction in the fitting margin between the inner ring and the shaft body due to thermal expansion is suppressed, which also helps to prevent creep of the inner ring.

なすｊ実施例では、内輪の材料としＣ、マルテンサイト
系ステン１ノ′１．鋼、アルミナ系セラミンク、炭化珪
素系セラミックなどの例を示したが、これ等の材料に限
定されろものではなく、特ご１請求のＪ・ａ凹円で実施
ｒるものである。In the embodiment, the inner ring is made of C and martensitic stainless steel. Examples of steel, alumina-based ceramics, silicon carbide-based ceramics, etc. have been shown, but the material is not limited to these materials, and can be implemented using the J-a concave circle of special request 1.

また実施例では、内輪材料として線膨脹係数が、前受鋼
よりも小さい材質のものを使用した例：こついて説明し
たが、外輪にオーステナイト系ステン線膨脹係数の方が
小さくなり、前述の如き効果が得−られるが、この場合
には、外輪の膨張との関係からハウジングも外輪と同程
度の！Ｑ膨張係数の材質の材料とする必要があり、全体
的変形が大きくなるという欠点が残る。In addition, in the example, a material with a linear expansion coefficient smaller than that of the front bearing steel is used as the inner ring material.As explained in detail, the austenitic stainless steel wire expansion coefficient is smaller than that of the outer ring, and as described above. However, in this case, due to the expansion of the outer ring, the housing is also the same size as the outer ring! It is necessary to use a material with a Q expansion coefficient, which leaves the drawback that the overall deformation becomes large.

更には１．二の発明の口面達成の他の手段として、外内
輪の材料の材質に比べ転動体を線膨脹係数の小さい材質
の材料としても良いが、効果の点で十分とは云えない。Furthermore, 1. As another means for achieving the second aspect of the invention, the rolling elements may be made of a material with a smaller coefficient of linear expansion than the material of the outer and inner rings, but this is not sufficient in terms of effectiveness.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

図面はこの発明の実施例を示す要部断面図である。 実施例の符す中、１は外輪、２は内輪、３は玉、・１は
保持器、５は軸木、６はハワノングである。The drawing is a sectional view of a main part showing an embodiment of the present invention. In the examples, 1 is an outer ring, 2 is an inner ring, 3 is a ball, 1 is a retainer, 5 is an axle, and 6 is a hawanong.

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] （１）軸体に嵌合される内輪と、ハウジングに保持され
る外輪との間に転動体を備えた転がり軸受において、前
記内輪の材料を外輪の材料よりも線膨脹係数の小さい材
質としたことを特徴とした転がり軸受。(1) In a rolling bearing that has rolling elements between an inner ring that fits on the shaft and an outer ring that is held in a housing, the inner ring is made of a material that has a smaller linear expansion coefficient than the outer ring. A rolling bearing characterized by: （２）特許請求の範囲第１項において、内輪の材料の線
膨脹係数が、内輪の嵌合される軸体の材料の線膨脹係数
よりも小さい転がり軸受。(2) The rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the coefficient of linear expansion of the material of the inner ring is smaller than the coefficient of linear expansion of the material of the shaft to which the inner ring is fitted.