JPS62234005A - Microbial preparation for agriculture, forestry and fishery - Google Patents
Microbial preparation for agriculture, forestry and fisheryInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62234005A JPS62234005A JP61074171A JP7417186A JPS62234005A JP S62234005 A JPS62234005 A JP S62234005A JP 61074171 A JP61074171 A JP 61074171A JP 7417186 A JP7417186 A JP 7417186A JP S62234005 A JPS62234005 A JP S62234005A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- microorganisms
- bacteria
- preparation
- soil
- microbial
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000187747 Streptomyces Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000223259 Trichoderma Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007952 growth promoter Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000589151 Azotobacter Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000589149 Azotobacter vinelandii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000187654 Nocardia Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000228143 Penicillium Species 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyruvic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)C(O)=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012773 agricultural material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013028 medium composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWFYPPSBLUWMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1-(1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1=NN=C(O1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=C2 AWFYPPSBLUWMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTPJEFOSTIKRSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propanenitrile Chemical compound CN(C)CCC#N MTPJEFOSTIKRSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001156739 Actinobacteria <phylum> Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589174 Bradyrhizobium japonicum Species 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 240000009108 Chlorella vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007089 Chlorella vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000195628 Chlorophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000190834 Chromatiaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001219477 Chroococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010062580 Concanavalin A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-WFVLMXAXSA-N DEAE-cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1C(CO)OC(O)C(O)C1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-WFVLMXAXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000974840 Ellipes Species 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000970324 Kitasatospora albolonga Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000187708 Micromonospora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000187722 Micromonospora echinospora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000989762 Monostroma nitidum Species 0.000 description 1
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000605159 Nitrobacter Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000605121 Nitrosomonas europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000500413 Nitrosomonas mobilis Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000589180 Rhizobium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000131970 Rhodospirillaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000190967 Rhodospirillum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000190984 Rhodospirillum rubrum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920005654 Sephadex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012507 Sephadex™ Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000187759 Streptomyces albus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000187438 Streptomyces fradiae Species 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000223261 Trichoderma viride Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196252 Ulva Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011124 aluminium ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K ammonium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011087 fumaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005706 microflora Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009329 organic farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940107700 pyruvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019192 riboflavin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002151 riboflavin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002636 symptomatic treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001446247 uncultured actinomycete Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は微生物製剤に関する。詳しくは細菌、放線菌、
糸状菌を高分子物質により固定化することで、保存の安
定性及び微生物濃度を高め、これを土壌中及び植物体に
接種し、微生物の作用により土壌病害、連作障害の軽減
を有効ならしめるといった作用を有する微生物製剤に関
するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to microbial preparations. For details, see bacteria, actinomycetes,
By immobilizing filamentous fungi with a polymeric substance, storage stability and microbial concentration are increased, and this is inoculated into soil and plants, making it effective to reduce soil diseases and continuous cropping damage through the action of microorganisms. This invention relates to active microbial preparations.
したがって本発明は、微生物の技術分野だけでなく、農
薬、肥料、植物生長調整剤、栽培、養林、水産養殖、芝
生造成といった５園芸、林業、水産業の技術分野におい
ても重要な役割を果すものである。Therefore, the present invention plays an important role not only in the technical field of microorganisms, but also in the technical fields of horticulture, forestry, and fisheries, such as pesticides, fertilizers, plant growth regulators, cultivation, afforestation, aquaculture, and lawn preparation. It is something.
（従来の技術）
近年、同一作物の連作や化学肥料の多用等で作土の塩基
バランスの不均衡、物理性の悪化、土壌微生物相の悪化
等をきたし、作物根の機能低下や土壌病害虫の激発を引
起している。これらの対策として現状では農薬による消
毒、施肥法の改善等対症的療法にとどまっている。(Conventional technology) In recent years, continuous cultivation of the same crop and heavy use of chemical fertilizers have led to an imbalance in the base balance of cultivated soil, deterioration of physical properties, deterioration of soil microflora, etc., resulting in decreased crop root function and soil pests. It's causing an outburst. Currently, countermeasures for these problems are limited to symptomatic treatments such as disinfection with pesticides and improvement of fertilization methods.
このように有機農業はほとんど行われていないのが現状
であるが、微生物を積極的に利用する試みとしては、わ
ずかに堆肥が実際に利用されているにすぎない、しかし
ながら、堆肥は、オガクズ。As you can see, organic farming is hardly practiced at present, but compost is actually used in only a few attempts to actively utilize microorganisms.However, compost is made from sawdust.
ワラ、樹皮、青草等を長期間発酵させてなるものであっ
て、微生物を利用したものとはいっても狭雑物が多過ぎ
て、とても、微生物製剤などとよべるものではな゛い。It is made by fermenting straw, bark, green grass, etc. for a long period of time, and even though it uses microorganisms, it contains too many complicated substances and cannot really be called a microbial preparation.
このように、微生物を純粋な状態で直接利用できる真の
意味での微生物製剤は、農林水産業界では全く知られて
いないのが現状である。Thus, at present, microbial preparations in the true sense of the word that allow direct use of microorganisms in a pure state are completely unknown in the agriculture, forestry and fisheries industry.
（発明が解決しようとする問題点）
既知の微生物利用農業資材であるところの堆肥は、最近
の農業形態の変化により、これを調製しようにも原材料
の入手が困難であるし、また調製時より長期間を過ぎる
と微生物数及び微生物分布が変化し、作土での施用時に
おいては微生物の効力がなくなるという場合もしばしば
である。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) Compost, which is a known agricultural material using microorganisms, is difficult to obtain due to recent changes in agricultural formats, and it is difficult to obtain raw materials for its preparation. Over a long period of time, the number and distribution of microorganisms change, and the microorganisms often lose their effectiveness when applied to cultivated soil.
また有用微生物を土壌に施用して土壌病害菌を抑えたり
根圏微生物の環境を変えて連作障害を防止したりする場
合、上記堆肥等をむやみに土壌に施用しても土壌中の無
数の微生物に影響を受け、増殖できなかったり、逆に微
生物のエサとなったりして死滅し、何ら効果を発揮でき
ないことが多しＡ。In addition, when applying useful microorganisms to the soil to suppress soil pathogenic bacteria or change the environment of rhizosphere microorganisms to prevent continuous crop failure, even if the above-mentioned compost is applied to the soil indiscriminately, the countless microorganisms in the soil In many cases, the microorganisms are affected by the microorganisms and are unable to multiply, or conversely, become food for microorganisms and die, resulting in no effect at all.A.
このように従来の技術では、製剤に含まれる微生物の種
類及び量をコントロールすることができないし、そもそ
も、従来の技術レベルでは、微生物を当初から添加して
積極的に堆肥等微生物利用農業資材をａａａするという
技術思想が存在しなかったのである。In this way, with conventional technology, it is not possible to control the type and amount of microorganisms contained in formulations, and in the first place, with conventional technology, microorganisms are added from the beginning and agricultural materials using microorganisms such as compost are actively used. The technical idea of doing aaa did not exist.
（問題点を解決するための手段）
本発明は、無機化が進行している現在の一次産業の現実
に鑑みてなされたものであって、−次産業の有機化をは
かることを目的とし、堆肥等にあっては上記欠点を解決
することを目的としてなされたものである。(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention was made in view of the reality of the current primary industry, where inorganicization is progressing, and aims to make the secondary industry organic. Compost and the like have been developed with the aim of solving the above-mentioned drawbacks.
そして、有用微生物を土壌に施用して土壌病害菌の抑制
及び連作障害の軽減に効果を出すには。And how to apply useful microorganisms to soil to be effective in suppressing soil pathogens and reducing continuous cropping problems.
製剤中の微生物の活性の持続、さらに施用後の微生物活
性の強化、また土壌中で優勢に増殖することが・必要な
点に着目し、そのためには発想を根本的に転換する必要
を認め、微生物学、肥料学、作物栄養学を中心として鋭
意検討の結果、必要な微生物のみを予じめスクリーニン
グしておいて、これを直接利用する以外に有効な手段が
ないとの知見を得た。We focused on the need to maintain the activity of microorganisms in the formulation, strengthen the microbial activity after application, and ensure that they proliferate dominantly in the soil, and recognized the need to fundamentally change our way of thinking to achieve this. As a result of extensive research focusing on microbiology, fertilizer science, and crop nutrition, we found that there is no effective method other than screening only the necessary microorganisms in advance and using them directly.
そこでこの°技術思想を具体的に現実に実現するための
手段を鋭意検討、研究した結果、微生物を固定化した製
剤を調製したところ、製剤が安定化するだけでなく且つ
大量の微生物を自由にその中に増殖せしめ得ることを見
出し、また、固定化剤としては特に高分子物質が有効で
あることも見出し、これらの新知見を基礎にして更に研
究の結果。Therefore, as a result of intensive consideration and research into ways to concretely realize this technical idea, we prepared a preparation with immobilized microorganisms, which not only stabilized the preparation, but also freed a large amount of microorganisms. We also found that polymeric substances were particularly effective as immobilizing agents. Based on these new findings, we conducted further research.
本発明に到達したものである。This has led to the present invention.
すなわち本発明は微生物を、担体としての高分子物質で
固定化した点を重要なポイントとするものである。That is, an important point of the present invention is that microorganisms are immobilized using a polymeric substance as a carrier.
微生物としては各種の微生物が広く使用されるが細菌、
放線菌及び糸状菌が有用であり、中でも特に次のものが
好適である。Various types of microorganisms are widely used as microorganisms, including bacteria,
Actinobacteria and filamentous fungi are useful, with the following being particularly preferred.
例えば、硫黄細菌、光合成細菌、硝酸菌、メタン細菌、
根粒菌、活性汚泥、バチルス属菌、アゾトバクタ−属、
菌といった細菌；ストレプトマイセス属菌、ミクロモノ
スポラ属菌、ノカルディア属菌といった放線菌；トリコ
デルマ属菌、アスペルギルス属菌、ペニシリウム属菌と
いった糸状菌；が微生物として広く利用できる。For example, sulfur bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrate bacteria, methane bacteria,
Rhizobium, activated sludge, Bacillus, Azotobacter,
Bacteria such as Streptomyces, Micromonospora, and Nocardia; and filamentous fungi such as Trichoderma, Aspergillus, and Penicillium can be widely used as microorganisms.
これらの具体例としては以下のものが挙げられ。Specific examples of these include the following.
自由に入手することができる。It can be obtained freely.
（１）細菌
紅色非硫黄細菌
Ｒｈｏｄｏｐｓｅｄｏ＊ｏｎａｓ ５ｐｈｅｒｏｉｄｅ
ｓ（ＩＦＯ１２２０３）紅色非硫黄細菌
Ｒｈｏｄｏｓｐｉｒｉｌｌｕｍ ｒｕｂｒｕｍ（ＩＦ
Ｏ３９８６）紅色硫黄細菌
Ｃｈｒｏ■ａｔｉｕ■ｓｐ、（京都大学小林達治助教授
より分ＩＩ）
バチルス ズブチルス
Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ５ｕｂｔｉ１ｉｓ（ＩＦυ３１３４
）バチルス メガテリウム
Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｍｅｇａｔｅｒｉｕ箇（ＩＦｏ ３
００３）アゾトバクタ−りロロコツカム
Ａｚｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒ、ｃｈｒｏｏｃｏｃｃｕ＋５（
ＩＦＯ１２９９４）アゾトバクタ−ビネランデイ
Ａｚｏｔｏｂａｃｔａｒ −ｖｉｎｅｌａｎｄｉｉ（Ｉ
ＦＯ１３５８１）メタノバクテリウム テルモオートト
ロフイカム
Ｍｅｔｈａｎｏｂａｃｔａｒｉｕｍ ｔｈｅｒ＊ｏａ
ｕｔｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｃｕｍ（ＡＴＣＣメタノサリシナ
パルケリ
Ｍａｔｈａｎｏｓａｒｉｃｉｎａ ｂａｒｋｅｒｉｉ（
ＡＴＣＣ２９８９４）メタノモナス メチロポーラ
Ｍｅｔｈａｎｏｍｏｎａｓ ｍｅｔｈｙｌｏｖｏｒａ（
ＡＴＣＣ２１９６３）リゾビウム ジャポニクム
Ｒｈｉｚｏｂｉｕｍ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍ（ＩＦＯ１３
３３８）ニトロソモナス ユーロパエ
Ｎｉｔｒｏｓｏｍｏｎａｓ ｅｕｒｏｐａｅａ（ＡＴ
ＣＣ２５９７８）ニトロソコツカス モビリス
Ｎ１ｔｒｏｓｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ ｍｏｂｉｌｉｓ（ＡＴＣ
Ｃ２５３８０）ニトロバクタ−ウイノグロドスキイ
ｎ１ｔｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ｔｌｌｉｎｏｇｒａｄｓｋｙ
ｉ（ＡＴＣＣ２５３９１）（２）放線菌
ストレプトマイセス フラディア
Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｗｙｃｅｓ ｆｒａｄｉａｅ（ＩＦＯ３
３６０）ストレプトマイセス アルボロンガス
Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓ ａｌｂｏｌｏｎｇｕｓ（
ＩＦＯ１３４６５）ストレプトマイセス アルバス
Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃａｓ ａｌｂｕｓ（ＩＦＯ３１
９５）ノカルディア エリスロポリス
Ｎｏｃａｒｄｉａ ａｒｙｔｈｒｏｐｏｌｉｓ（ＡＴＣ
Ｃ２１０３５）ミクロモノスポラ プルプレア
Ｍｉｃｒｏｍｏｎｏｓｐｏｒａ ｐｕｒｐｕｒｅａ（Ｎ
ＲＲＬ ２９５３）（３）糸状菌
トリコデルマ ビリデ
Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒ＋ｓａ ｖｉｒｉｄｅ（ＩＦＯ３０
５４７）アスペルギルス フミガラス
Ａｓｐａｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｆｕｍｉ（ａｔｕｓ（ＩＦＯ
７８３９）ペニシリウム フリクエンタンス
Ｐａｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍ ｆｕｒｅｑｕａｎｔａｎｃｅ
（ＩＦＯ７９２１）また、これらの微生物のほか、クロ
レラ ビレノイドーサ（Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｐｙｒｅ
ｎｏｉｄｏｓａ）、クロレラウルガリス（Ｃ，ｖｕｌ＠
ａｒｉｓ）、クロレラ エリプソイブ（Ｃ，ｅｌｌｉｐ
ｓｏｉｄａａ）といった単細胞藻類；アマノリ、ヒトエ
グサ、アオンリ、カワノリ、アオサ、シオグサといった
緑藻類も使用することができる。(1) Bacteria Purple non-sulfur bacterium Rhodopsedo*onas 5pheroid
s (IFO12203) Purple non-sulfur bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum (IF
O3986) Purple sulfur bacterium Chro■atiu■sp, (from Associate Professor Tatsuji Kobayashi, Kyoto University) Bacillus subtilis Bacillus 5ubti1is (IFυ3134
) Bacillus megaterium (IFo 3
003) Azotobacter, chroococcu+5 (
IFO12994) Azotobacter-vinelandii (I
FO13581) Methanobactarium ther*oa
autotrophicum (ATCC Methanosalicina)
Barkerii (Mathanosaricina barkerii)
ATCC29894) Methanomonas methylovora (
ATCC21963) Rhizobium japonicum (IFO13
338) Nitrosomonas europaea (AT
CC25978) Nitrosococcus mobilis N1trosococcus mobilis (ATC
C25380) Nitrobacter tllinogradsky n1trobacter tllinogradsky
i (ATCC25391) (2) Streptomyces fradiae (IFO3
360) Streptomyces albolongus (
IFO13465) Streptomyces albus (IFO31
95) Nocardia arythropolis (ATC
C21035) Micromonospora purpurea (N
RRL 2953) (3) filamentous fungus Trichoderma viride (IFO30
547) Aspargillus fumi(atus(IFO)
7839) Penicillium furequantance
(IFO7921) In addition to these microorganisms, Chlorella pyrenodosa
noidosa), Chlorella vulgaris (C, vul@
aris), Chlorella ellipsoib (C, ellip)
Single-celled algae such as A. soidaa); green algae such as Amanori, Hitoegusa, Aonri, Kawanori, Ulva, and Shioghasa can also be used.
次いで、どれらの微生物は固定化する。固定化法として
は、微生物を内部及び／又は表面に固定できる方法であ
ればすべての方法が利用でき１例えば、担体結合法、架
橋法、包括法のいずれもが使用できる。固定化法として
は、固定化の容易性。Which microorganisms are then immobilized. As the immobilization method, any method that can immobilize microorganisms inside and/or on the surface can be used. For example, any of the carrier binding method, crosslinking method, and entrapment method can be used. As for the immobilization method, it is easy to immobilize.
取扱いの容易性、施用後の微生物の生存及び増殖性、施
用後の環境汚染防止といった安全性といった各方面から
検討した結果、特に、高分子物質を使用するのが有利で
あることが判明した。As a result of examination from various aspects such as ease of handling, survival and proliferation of microorganisms after application, and safety such as prevention of environmental pollution after application, it was found that it is particularly advantageous to use a polymeric substance.
高分子物質としては、天然及び合成高分子物質が自由に
使用でき、例えば１次のような固定化方法によって、微
生物を固定するのが好適である。As the polymeric substance, natural and synthetic polymeric substances can be freely used, and it is preferable to immobilize the microorganisms by, for example, a primary immobilization method.
セルロース、デキストラン、アガロース等多糖類、ポリ
アクリルアミドゲル、アルブミン等を担体として用いる
共有結合法： ＤＥＡＥ−セルロース。Covalent bonding method using cellulose, dextran, polysaccharides such as agarose, polyacrylamide gel, albumin, etc. as carriers: DEAE-cellulose.
ＤＥＡＥ−セファデックス等を用いるイオン結合法；デ
ンプン、グルテン、コンカナバリンＡ等に物理的に吸着
させる物理的吸着法；といった担体結合法。A carrier binding method such as an ionic bonding method using DEAE-Sephadex or the like; a physical adsorption method in which starch, gluten, concanavalin A, etc. are physically adsorbed;
グルタルアルデヒド、イソシアナート等を用いる架橋法
。Crosslinking method using glutaraldehyde, isocyanate, etc.
マイクロカプセル型又は格子型といった包括法。Comprehensive methods such as microcapsule type or lattice type.
例えば、高分子物質としてアルギン酸ナトリウムを用い
て包括法によって微生物を固定化する場合は、アルギン
酸ソーダ水溶液に菌体培養液や胞子懸濁液を加えてよく
攪拌した後、塩化カルシウムといった固化剤水溶液を添
加して、ビーズ状その他の形状に固定化する。そして、
しばらく放置した後固化剤溶液又は殺菌水を用いて濾過
洗滌して固定化微生物製剤を得る。同様にして、カラギ
ーナン（固化剤：塩化カリウム）、寒天（冷水）その他
前記した天然高分子物質を用いて微生物を固定化する。For example, when immobilizing microorganisms by the entrapment method using sodium alginate as a polymeric substance, add a bacterial culture solution or spore suspension to a sodium alginate aqueous solution, stir well, and then add a solidifying agent aqueous solution such as calcium chloride. and immobilize it into beads or other shapes. and,
After leaving it for a while, it is filtered and washed using a solidifying agent solution or sterilized water to obtain an immobilized microbial preparation. Similarly, microorganisms are immobilized using carrageenan (solidifying agent: potassium chloride), agar (cold water), and other natural polymer substances described above.
固定化は、上記のように天然高分子物質のほかに合成高
分子物質も使用でき、例えば、ポリビニルアルコールを
利用する場合には、ホウ砂、硫酸ナトリウムを用いて固
化する。また、ポリアクリルアミドゲルを利用する場合
は、アクリルアミドモノマーに、架橋剤（Ｎ、 Ｎ’−
メチレンビスアクリルアミド等）１重合促進剤（β−ジ
メチルアミノプロピオニトリ゛ル、 Ｎ、 Ｎ、 Ｎ’
、 Ｎ’−テトラメチルエチレンジアミン、アンモニウ
ムミョウバン等）。For immobilization, synthetic polymer substances can be used in addition to natural polymer substances as described above. For example, when polyvinyl alcohol is used, it is solidified using borax or sodium sulfate. In addition, when using polyacrylamide gel, a crosslinking agent (N, N'-
methylenebisacrylamide, etc.) 1 Polymerization accelerator (β-dimethylaminopropionitrile, N, N, N'
, N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, ammonium alum, etc.).
重合開始剤（ベルオクソニ硫酸カリウム、リボフラビン
等）を微生物培養液又は懸濁液に加えて重合させ、微生
物をゲル内に包含せしめるようにすればよい。A polymerization initiator (potassium beroxonisulfate, riboflavin, etc.) may be added to a microorganism culture solution or suspension to cause polymerization so that the microorganisms are included in the gel.
高分子物質としては微生物を包含もしくはコーティング
して内部及び表面に固定化できるものであればいずれで
も可能であるが、微生物が生存及び増殖できるものでな
ければならない。Any polymeric material can be used as long as it can contain or coat microorganisms and immobilize them inside and on the surface, but it must be one that allows microorganisms to survive and multiply.
また高分子物質で固定化したあとは容易に崩壊しないた
めに、高分子物質に助剤を添加することが可能である。Moreover, since it does not disintegrate easily after being immobilized with a polymeric substance, it is possible to add an auxiliary agent to the polymeric substance.
必要ある場合には、このような微生物製剤のゲル化を海
苔網上で行って、またはゲルを網に付着させて、海苔胞
子を含有したゲルを直接海苔網に付着させることができ
、従来の海苔養殖のように網を単に海中に浸漬して何も
操作することなく海苔胞子類の網への付着を自然にまか
せる方法とは。If necessary, gelation of such a microbial preparation can be carried out on a seaweed net, or the gel can be attached to a seaweed net, and the gel containing seaweed spores can be directly attached to the seaweed net, instead of conventional methods. What is a method like seaweed farming where the nets are simply immersed in the sea and the seaweed spores are allowed to adhere to the nets naturally without any manipulation?
その付着率、生長率が格段に相違し、海苔の収率が大巾
に増加する。ゲル内に肥料等海苔の栄養成分を共存させ
ておけば更にその効果が高まる。海苔網と同様の手法に
よって、芝その他植物の種子と必要に応じて肥料とを、
ネット等に付着せしめておけば、このネットを道路の法
面、ゴルフ場の面上に単にマウントしておくだけできわ
めて簡単に且つ迅速に芝生等各種の植物の植付は栽培が
できる。The attachment rate and growth rate are markedly different, and the yield of seaweed is greatly increased. If nutrients from seaweed such as fertilizer are allowed to coexist within the gel, the effect will be further enhanced. Using the same method as the seaweed net, seeds of grass and other plants and fertilizer as needed are spread.
If it is attached to a net or the like, it is possible to plant and cultivate various plants such as lawn very easily and quickly by simply mounting this net on the slope of a road or the surface of a golf course.
以下、本発明を実施例について説明する。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples.
実施例１
植物根から分泌される各種有機酸（ギ酸、酢酸、プロピ
オン酸、酪酸、ピルビン酸、乳酸、コハク酸、フマル酸
、リンゴ酸）を基質として利用することのできる光合成
細菌（Ｒｈｏｄｏｐｓａｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐｈｅｒｏ
ｉｄｅｓ ＩＦＯ１２２０３，Ｒｈｏｄｏｓｐｉｒｉ
ｌｌｕｍ ｒｕｂｒｕ＋ｗＩＦＯ３９８６，Ｃｈｒｏ
ｍａｔｉｕｗ ｓｐ、 京都大学小林達治助教授より
分譲）を液体培地（下記）に接種し、嫌気明条件下で培
養を行ない、（３０℃〜３５℃）ｃａｌｌｗａｌｌ １
０’／ｍＱの培養菌体液をアルギン酸ナトリウムでそれ
ぞれ固定化した。Example 1 Photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopsaudomonassphero) that can use various organic acids (formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid) secreted from plant roots as substrates
ides IFO12203, Rhodospiri
llum rubru+wIFO3986, Chro
matiuw sp, provided by Assistant Professor Tatsuji Kobayashi, Kyoto University) was inoculated into a liquid medium (see below) and cultured under anaerobic light conditions (30°C to 35°C) in callwall 1.
Cultured bacterial cell fluids of 0'/mQ were each immobilized with sodium alginate.
固定化は、アルギン酸ナトリウムを用いた包括法で行な
った。まず、３％アルギン酸ナトリウムを湯冷中で溶解
し、冷却した後、培養菌体液をアルギン酸ナトリウムの
最終濃度が２％となる様に加え十分に攪拌した。しばら
く放置後注封筒を用いてＯ−ＬＭ ＣａＣ１，溶液中に
気胞が入られない様に滴加しビーズ状に固定化した。Immobilization was performed by an entrapment method using sodium alginate. First, 3% sodium alginate was dissolved in hot water, and after cooling, cultured bacterial cell fluid was added so that the final concentration of sodium alginate was 2%, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred. After standing for a while, O-LM CaCl was added dropwise to the solution using an envelope to immobilize it in the form of beads, taking care not to introduce air vesicles into the solution.
１５ｓｉｎ程度放置後０．ＩＭＣａＣ１□または殺菌水
ですばやく濾過洗浄して固定化微生物製剤を得た。0 after leaving for about 15 sins. Immobilized microbial preparations were obtained by quick filtration and washing with IMCaC1□ or sterile water.
固定化した製剤は培地上でも土壌中においても菌体の生
育が認められ、ｉｌ剤中での生存も認められた。また固
定化したビーズを凍結乾燥した製剤からも菌体の生育が
認められた。In the immobilized preparation, bacterial growth was observed both on the medium and in the soil, and survival in the IL solution was also observed. Growth of bacterial cells was also observed in preparations prepared by freeze-drying immobilized beads.
紅色硫黄細菌の培地組成
紅色非硫黄細菌の培地組成
ｒｃＩｌ、ｃＯＯＮａ ０．５％嫌気明条件下
での培養ではＮａ１ｌＣＯ＊ ０．１％を加える微量元
素溶液
実施例２
土壌病害微生物に対して拮抗作用のあるＢａｃｉｌｌｕ
ｓ ５ｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ （ＩＦＯ３１３４）及びＢａｃ
ｉｌｌｕｓｍｅｇａｔａｒｉｕ＋５（ＩＦＯ３００３）
をＮＢ液体培地に接種し、３０℃で１〜２日間振どう培
養した。Medium composition of purple sulfur bacteria Medium composition of purple non-sulfur bacteria rcIl, cOONa 0.5% For cultivation under anaerobic light conditions, add Na1lCO* 0.1% Trace element solution Example 2 Antagonistic effect on soil disease microorganisms Bacillus with
s 5ubtilis (IFO3134) and Bac
illusmegatariu+5 (IFO3003)
was inoculated into NB liquid medium and cultured with shaking at 30°C for 1 to 2 days.
このようにして得た培養液（１０＠乙ｉ）の等量混合物
を、実施例１と同様にしてアルギン酸ナトリウムで固定
化し、固定化製剤を得た。An equal volume mixture of the culture solution (10@Oi) thus obtained was immobilized with sodium alginate in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an immobilized preparation.
実施例３
空中窒素固定能力のあるＡｚｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｃｈｒ
ｏｏｃｏｃｃｕｍ（ＩＦＯ１２９９４）Ａｚｏｔｏｂａ
ｃｔｅｒ ｖｉｎｅｌａｎｄｉｉ（ＩＦｏ １３５８１
）をＢｕｒｋの培地に接種し３０℃２日〜３日振どう培
養し、この培養液（１０”／ｗｉ）を実施例１と同様に
してアルギン酸ナトリウムで固定した。Example 3 Azotobacterch capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen
oococcum (IFO12994)Azotoba
cter vinelandii (IFo 13581
) was inoculated into Burk's medium and cultured with shaking at 30° C. for 2 to 3 days, and this culture solution (10”/wi) was fixed with sodium alginate in the same manner as in Example 1.
実施例４
抗生物質を産生ずる放線菌である５ｔｒｅｐｔｏｓｙｃ
ｅｓｆｒａｄｉａｅ ＩＦＯ３３６０，Ｓｔｒｅｐｔ
ｏｍｙｃａｓ ａｌｂｏｌｏｎｇｕｓＩＦＯ１３４６
５，５ｔｒｅｐｔｏｓ＋ｙｃａｓ ａｌｂｕｍ ＩＦＱ
０３１’Ｊ５をにｒａｉｎｓｋｙの澱粉−ＮＨ４Ｃ１
寒天培地で３０℃、７日間培養して、多数の胞子を得た
。また、その胞子の振どう培養で小さいペレット状の菌
糸塊を多数得た。Example 4 5treptosyc, an actinomycete that produces antibiotics
esfradiae IFO3360,Strept
omycas albolongusIFO1346
5,5treptos+ycas album IFQ
Rainsky Starch-NH4C1 to 031'J5
A large number of spores were obtained by culturing on an agar medium at 30°C for 7 days. In addition, many small pellet-like mycelial masses were obtained by shaking the spores.
胞子懸濁液（１０１個／ｍＱ）および培養菌糸を次のよ
うにして寒天に固定化した。The spore suspension (101 cells/mQ) and cultured mycelia were immobilized on agar as follows.
すなわち、０．１規定の水酸化ナトリウムを含んだ２％
寒天を加温し溶解した。固定する前に微生物懸濁液を加
え、それを注射筒に移し、冷却水に滴下または冷却水中
に押し出した。さらに強度を高めるために２％のエピク
ロルヒドリンを含んだ燈油に入れ架橋を行ない、固定化
微生物製剤を得た。That is, 2% containing 0.1N sodium hydroxide.
The agar was heated and dissolved. The microbial suspension was added before fixation, transferred to a syringe, and dropped into or extruded into cooling water. In order to further increase the strength, the product was placed in kerosene containing 2% epichlorohydrin for crosslinking to obtain an immobilized microbial preparation.
実施例５
連作障害を起こす土壌病害微生物（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏ
ｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ、 Ｐｈｙｔｈｉｕｓ ｕｌｔｉｍｕ
ｓなど）に対して拮抗性を示す糸状菌であるＴｒｉｃｈ
ｏｄｅｒｍａ ｖｉｒｉｄｅ ＩＦＯ３０５４７、Ａｓ
ｐｅｒ（ｉｌｌｕｓ ｆｕｍｉｇａｔｕｓ ＩＦＯ７８
３９゜Ｐａｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍ ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔａｎ
ｃａ ＩＦＯ７９２１をＰＤＡ培地に接種して、３０℃
、１０日間培養により多数の胞子を得た。また、その胞
子を振とう培養することによって多数のペレット状の菌
糸を作成した。胞子懸−液（１０６コ／■ａ）および培
養菌糸を次のようにして固定化した。すなわち、完全ケ
ン化型でＣ−２０のポリビニルアルコール（ＰＶＡ）を
用いる方法で固定化を行なった。まず、 ｌ（）％ＰＶ
Ａを湯浴中で溶解し、冷却後、菌体を加えよく攪拌した
。 ＰＶＡの最終濃度は７．５％とした。しばらく放
置し、注射筒を用いて気泡が入らないようにマルチプレ
ートに分注した。−８２℃で急速凍結後、凍結乾燥を行
ない。Example 5 Soil disease microorganisms that cause continuous cropping damage (Fusariumo
xysporum, Phythius ultimu
Trich, a filamentous fungus that exhibits antagonistic properties against
oderma viride IFO30547, As
per(illus fumigatus IFO78
39゜Panicilium frequentan
ca IFO7921 was inoculated into PDA medium and incubated at 30°C.
A large number of spores were obtained by culturing for 10 days. In addition, a large number of pelleted hyphae were created by shaking and culturing the spores. The spore suspension (106 spores/■a) and cultured hyphae were immobilized as follows. That is, immobilization was performed by a method using completely saponified C-20 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). First, l()%PV
A was dissolved in a hot water bath, and after cooling, bacterial cells were added and stirred well. The final concentration of PVA was 7.5%. The mixture was left for a while and dispensed into a multi-plate using a syringe to avoid air bubbles. After rapid freezing at -82°C, freeze-drying was performed.
固定化微生物製剤を得た。An immobilized microbial preparation was obtained.
実施例６
実施例５で得た胞子懸濁液または培養菌糸を含んだ１０
％ＰＶＡを注射筒に移し、 １０％硫酸ナトリウム、２
％四ホウ酸ナトリウムの混合液に滴下して。Example 6 10 containing the spore suspension or cultured hyphae obtained in Example 5
Transfer % PVA to a syringe, add 10% sodium sulfate, 2
% sodium tetraborate mixture.
微生物を含んだＰＶＡをビーズ状に固定化した。PVA containing microorganisms was immobilized in the form of beads.
（発明の効果）
本発明によって得られる微生物製剤は、当業界では未知
の全く新規なものであるばかりでなく、製剤後の微生物
が安定であり、かつ土壌その他に施用後も活性が衰えず
、増殖が見られることにより、製剤品質の安定性さらに
施用後の不活化を防止することができ、数々の用途に広
く利用でき、その効果はきわめて高い。(Effects of the Invention) The microbial preparation obtained by the present invention is not only completely new and unknown in the art, but also the microorganisms after the preparation are stable and their activity does not decline even after being applied to soil or other areas. By observing proliferation, it is possible to stabilize the quality of the preparation and prevent inactivation after application, and it can be widely used for many purposes, and its effects are extremely high.
すなわち、光合成細菌、ｖ！１素固定菌、硝酸菌等を固
定した製剤を土壌中に施用すれば１作物の生育を促進す
る肥料、植物生物生長剤として有効に作用し、土壌病害
菌に対して拮抗作用を有する微生物又は拮抗作用物ｆｆ
（例えば抗生物質）を産生ずる微生物を土壌中に施用す
れば、目的とする作用以外の作用を生ぜしめずに、土壌
病害菌の作用を受けることなく作物が健康に生育し、ひ
いては害虫の被害を軽減されて、連作障害もなくなり、
非常に有利である。That is, photosynthetic bacteria, v! If a preparation containing fixed bacteria, nitrate bacteria, etc. is applied to the soil, it will act effectively as a fertilizer or plant growth agent to promote the growth of a single crop, and it will also act as a microorganism or plant that has an antagonistic effect on soil disease-causing bacteria. antagonist ff
If microorganisms that produce (e.g. antibiotics) are applied to the soil, crops will grow healthily without producing effects other than the intended ones and will not be affected by soil pathogens, resulting in damage from pests. is reduced, and continuous cropping problems are eliminated.
Very advantageous.
また、これらの微生物の分泌する粘液等の作用によって
、土壌の団粒化がひき起され、土壌改良剤としての効果
も併せ得られるし、各種微生物製剤の併用も可能である
。したがって本発明に係る製剤は一種の人工堆肥、新し
いタイプの堆肥ということができる。In addition, the action of mucus etc. secreted by these microorganisms causes soil agglomeration, and the effect as a soil conditioner can also be obtained, and it is also possible to use various microorganism preparations in combination. Therefore, the preparation according to the present invention can be said to be a kind of artificial compost, a new type of compost.
そのうえ１本発明に係る製剤は、前記したように、芝生
の造成、林木の成長促進、耐病害虫性の付与にも使用で
きて、園芸、林産の技術分野においてもきわめて有効で
ある。また、前記したように、海苔の胞子、幼生、クロ
レラ等を製剤化することもでき、これらを病害虫からの
被害を防止しつつ大量に増殖することができるので、農
林業のみでなく水産業においても非常に大きな貢献をな
すものである。Furthermore, as described above, the preparation according to the present invention can be used for creating lawns, promoting the growth of forest trees, and imparting pest and disease resistance, and is extremely effective in the technical fields of horticulture and forestry. In addition, as mentioned above, seaweed spores, larvae, chlorella, etc. can be made into formulations, and these can be multiplied in large quantities while preventing damage from pests, so they can be used not only in agriculture and forestry but also in the fisheries industry. It also makes a huge contribution.
このように本発明は、無機化がすすみ、環境破壊へとつ
ながる農林水産業界において、全く新しいシステムによ
って目的に応じた有機化を着実に促進するものであって
、従来の未知の効果を奏するのみでなく、奏される効果
がきわめてすぐれているという格別の特徴を有するもの
である。In this way, the present invention steadily promotes organicization according to purpose with a completely new system in the agriculture, forestry and fisheries industry, where mineralization is progressing and leading to environmental destruction. However, it has the special feature of being extremely effective.
手続補正書 昭和６１年 ６月２０日Procedural amendment June 20, 1986
Claims (1)
以上の微生物を高分子物質により固定化してなることを
特徴とする農林水産業用微生物製剤。A microbial preparation for agriculture, forestry and fisheries, characterized by immobilizing at least one or two or more types of microorganisms such as bacteria, actinomycetes, and filamentous fungi with a polymeric substance.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61074171A JPS62234005A (en) | 1986-04-02 | 1986-04-02 | Microbial preparation for agriculture, forestry and fishery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61074171A JPS62234005A (en) | 1986-04-02 | 1986-04-02 | Microbial preparation for agriculture, forestry and fishery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62234005A true JPS62234005A (en) | 1987-10-14 |
Family
ID=13539441
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61074171A Pending JPS62234005A (en) | 1986-04-02 | 1986-04-02 | Microbial preparation for agriculture, forestry and fishery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62234005A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63240726A (en) * | 1986-11-26 | 1988-10-06 | ぺんてる株式会社 | Method for forming mycorrhiza of mycorrhiza fungi |
| JPH02108609A (en) * | 1988-10-19 | 1990-04-20 | Norin Suisansyo Nogyo Kankyo Gijutsu Kenkyusho | Soil blight controlling and plant growth promoting agent |
| JPH02212406A (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1990-08-23 | Showa Denko Kk | Agent and method for preventing soil disease injury |
| US5288488A (en) * | 1990-02-23 | 1994-02-22 | Auburn University | Method of controlling foliar microorganism populations |
| WO2002015702A1 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2002-02-28 | Agresearch Limited | A thermo-stable bio-matrix |
| WO2001082704A3 (en) * | 2000-05-02 | 2002-04-04 | Univ Victoria | Sprayable formulations of mycelium-based biological control agents |
| KR100974287B1 (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2010-08-05 | 우진 비앤지 주식회사 | A Soil Conditioner Containing Various Microorganisms |
| JP4836933B2 (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2011-12-14 | ユーリア カサーレ ソシエテ アノニム | Method for producing granules or pellets containing filamentous fungi |
| CN102476964A (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-30 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Immobilized phosphorous bacterial fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104030459A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-09-10 | 天津科技大学 | Microbial preparation for brackish water aquaculture, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN109231492A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2019-01-18 | 湖南领道农业环保科技有限公司 | A kind of livestock and poultry farm saprobia cleanser and preparation method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS51125675A (en) * | 1975-02-13 | 1976-11-02 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | A porous capsule structvre and a process for manufacturing turing it |
| JPS55157502A (en) * | 1979-03-28 | 1980-12-08 | Damon Corp | Live tissue encapsulation and tissue transplantation |
| JPS60180588A (en) * | 1984-02-27 | 1985-09-14 | Sumitomo Ringyo Kk | Preparation of immobilized complex of microorganism having plant pathogen-controlling activity |
-
1986
- 1986-04-02 JP JP61074171A patent/JPS62234005A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS51125675A (en) * | 1975-02-13 | 1976-11-02 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | A porous capsule structvre and a process for manufacturing turing it |
| JPS55157502A (en) * | 1979-03-28 | 1980-12-08 | Damon Corp | Live tissue encapsulation and tissue transplantation |
| JPS60180588A (en) * | 1984-02-27 | 1985-09-14 | Sumitomo Ringyo Kk | Preparation of immobilized complex of microorganism having plant pathogen-controlling activity |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63240726A (en) * | 1986-11-26 | 1988-10-06 | ぺんてる株式会社 | Method for forming mycorrhiza of mycorrhiza fungi |
| JPH02108609A (en) * | 1988-10-19 | 1990-04-20 | Norin Suisansyo Nogyo Kankyo Gijutsu Kenkyusho | Soil blight controlling and plant growth promoting agent |
| JPH0569801B2 (en) * | 1988-10-19 | 1993-10-01 | Norinsuisansho Nogyo Kankyo Gi | |
| JPH02212406A (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1990-08-23 | Showa Denko Kk | Agent and method for preventing soil disease injury |
| US5288488A (en) * | 1990-02-23 | 1994-02-22 | Auburn University | Method of controlling foliar microorganism populations |
| WO2001082704A3 (en) * | 2000-05-02 | 2002-04-04 | Univ Victoria | Sprayable formulations of mycelium-based biological control agents |
| US7754653B2 (en) | 2000-05-02 | 2010-07-13 | University Of Victoria Innovation And Development Corporation | Method for preparing sprayable formulations of mycelium-based biological control agents produced by solid state fermentation |
| WO2002015702A1 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2002-02-28 | Agresearch Limited | A thermo-stable bio-matrix |
| JP4836933B2 (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2011-12-14 | ユーリア カサーレ ソシエテ アノニム | Method for producing granules or pellets containing filamentous fungi |
| KR100974287B1 (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2010-08-05 | 우진 비앤지 주식회사 | A Soil Conditioner Containing Various Microorganisms |
| CN102476964A (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-30 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Immobilized phosphorous bacterial fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104030459A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-09-10 | 天津科技大学 | Microbial preparation for brackish water aquaculture, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN109231492A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2019-01-18 | 湖南领道农业环保科技有限公司 | A kind of livestock and poultry farm saprobia cleanser and preparation method thereof |
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