JPS62166486A - Character and graphic reader - Google Patents
Character and graphic readerInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62166486A JPS62166486A JP61009158A JP915886A JPS62166486A JP S62166486 A JPS62166486 A JP S62166486A JP 61009158 A JP61009158 A JP 61009158A JP 915886 A JP915886 A JP 915886A JP S62166486 A JPS62166486 A JP S62166486A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- character
- graphic
- characters
- patterns
- rotation processing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Character Input (AREA)
- Character Discrimination (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は、文字・図形読取装置の改良に関するものであ
る。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement in a character/figure reading device.
従来の技術
従来、第6図に示すような一4二下左右4方向に書かれ
た文字・図形に対する読取装置は、第6図又は第7図に
示すような一般的構成を持つ。第6図において、61は
光電変換部であり観測した文字・図形パターン60を電
気信号に変換する。62は前処理部で2値化及び大きさ
の正規化を行なう。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a reading device for reading characters and figures written in four directions (142, bottom, right, left, and right) as shown in FIG. 6 has a general configuration as shown in FIG. 6 or 7. In FIG. 6, 61 is a photoelectric conversion unit that converts the observed character/graphic pattern 60 into an electrical signal. A preprocessing unit 62 performs binarization and size normalization.
63は特徴抽出部で文字・図形パターンの各種特徴の抽
出を行う。64は識別部で、66の上下左右4方向の標
準パターンメモリを参照することにより識別処理して認
識結果65を得る。A feature extraction unit 63 extracts various features of character/graphic patterns. Reference numeral 64 denotes an identification unit which performs identification processing by referring to the standard pattern memory 66 in four directions (up, down, left and right) and obtains a recognition result 65.
1だ第7図において、72は回転処理部であり予め与え
られた方向設定メモリ77内の方向に従って文字・図形
パターンの回転処理を行う。76は識別部で、単一方向
のみの標準・(ターンメモリを参照することにより識別
処理を行う。1. In FIG. 7, reference numeral 72 denotes a rotation processing section, which performs rotation processing of character/graphic patterns according to a direction in a direction setting memory 77 given in advance. Reference numeral 76 denotes an identification unit that performs identification processing by referring to the standard turn memory for only one direction.
3、、。3.
発明が解決しようとする問題点
しかしながら上記第6図のような構成では、識別部にお
いて上下左右4方向の標準パターンを持つ必要があるこ
とから、多量のメモリを必要とし、識別処理に要する時
間も4倍になるという問題点を有している。ま/を第6
図のような構成では、予め文字・図形の方向が定められ
るため文字・図形の書き方に対する制限が強いという問
題点を有している。Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, with the configuration shown in FIG. 6 above, the identification section needs to have standard patterns in four directions, top, bottom, left, and right, which requires a large amount of memory and increases the time required for the identification process. It has the problem that it becomes four times as large. Ma/wo 6th
The configuration shown in the figure has a problem in that since the direction of the characters and graphics is determined in advance, there are strong restrictions on how the characters and graphics can be written.
本発明は上記問題点に鑑み、1方向のみの標準パターン
メモリで、且つ高速に上下左右4方向の文字・図形を識
別する文字・図形読取装置を提供するものである。In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a character/figure reading device that uses a standard pattern memory in only one direction and can rapidly identify characters/figures in four directions: top, bottom, left, and right.
問題点を解決するための手段
上記問題点を解決するために本発明の文字図形読取装置
は、文字・図形パターンの輪郭部より方向指数系列を抽
出する手段と、方向指数の変換により文字・図形の90
°毎の回転処理を行う手段と、回転処理部へのフィード
バックにより上下左右4方向に書かれた文字・図形を識
別する手段を備えたものである。Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the character/figure reading device of the present invention includes means for extracting a direction index series from the outline of a character/figure pattern, and means for extracting a direction index sequence from the contour of a character/figure pattern, and 90 of
It is equipped with means for performing rotation processing in degrees, and means for identifying characters and figures written in four directions, up, down, left and right, based on feedback to the rotation processing section.
作 用
本発明は上記した構成によって、予め与えられた優先順
位に基づいた方向に従って方向指数系列を用いた回転処
理を行い、この回転処理の出力を用いた認識を行って、
8Rの結果、標準パターンとの類似度が一定条件を満た
さない文字・図形に対してのみ方向指数系列の変換によ
り前記優先順位に従った回転処理を行なうことにより、
単一方向のみの標準パターンメモリで上下左右4方向の
文字・図形を高速に認識できる。Operation The present invention has the above-described configuration, performs rotation processing using a direction index series according to a direction based on a priority given in advance, performs recognition using the output of this rotation processing,
As a result of 8R, by performing rotation processing according to the priority order by converting the direction index series only for characters and figures whose similarity with the standard pattern does not satisfy a certain condition,
Characters and figures in four directions (up, down, left, and right) can be recognized at high speed using a standard pattern memory that only works in a single direction.
実施例
以下本発明の一実施例の文字図形読取装置について図面
を参照しながら説明する。Embodiment Hereinafter, a character/figure reading device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
第1図は本発明の一実施例の文字図形読取装置のブロッ
ク図を示すものである。第1図において、11は光電変
換部であり、入力された文字・図形パターン10を電気
信号に変換する。12は前処理部であり、電気信号に変
換された文字・図形パターンを文字部分と背景部分に2
値化し、さらに5t\−
大きさの正規化を行なう。13は方向指数系列抽出部で
あり、前処理後の文字パターンの輪郭部を追跡すること
により第2図に示される8方向の方向指数系列を抽出す
る。例えば、第3図aはアルファベットのFをスキャナ
で読み取り2値のドツトパターンに変換したものである
が、この文字パターンに対して出発点31から輪郭部を
追跡することによって第3図すに示す方向指数系列が抽
出される。14は回転処理部であり、予め与えられた方
向設定メモリ19の方向に従って方向指数系列を変換す
る。方向指数系列抽出部14で得られた方向指数系列を
、
co、C1,C2,・・・・・・、C1,・・・・・・
、Cn・・・・・・・・・(1)と表わすと、右回りx
oの回転に対しては、C,、’ = CCi+x/45
)mod 8 (i =1 、− 、 n )・・
・(2)という変換を施し、左回りxoの回転に対して
は、C□’ = (C1−x/46 )mod 8
(i=1 、−−−− 、 n )−(3)という変換
を施すことにより回転処理を行なう。FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a character/figure reading device according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 11 is a photoelectric conversion section, which converts the input character/graphic pattern 10 into an electrical signal. 12 is a preprocessing unit, which converts the character/figure pattern converted into an electrical signal into a character part and a background part.
Convert it into a value, and then normalize the size by 5t\-. Reference numeral 13 denotes a direction index series extraction section, which extracts a direction index series in eight directions shown in FIG. 2 by tracing the outline of the preprocessed character pattern. For example, in Figure 3a, the alphabet F is read with a scanner and converted into a binary dot pattern, and by tracing the outline of this character pattern from the starting point 31, A direction index series is extracted. Reference numeral 14 denotes a rotation processing unit, which converts the direction index series according to the direction of the direction setting memory 19 given in advance. The direction index series obtained by the direction index series extraction unit 14 is co, C1, C2, . . . , C1, . . .
, Cn......(1), clockwise x
For rotation of o, C,,' = CCi+x/45
) mod 8 (i = 1, -, n)...
・Applying the transformation (2), for counterclockwise rotation xo, C□' = (C1-x/46) mod 8
Rotation processing is performed by performing the transformation (i=1, -----, n)-(3).
ただしXは9oの倍数である。例えば、第3図dに示す
文字パターンを右回りに900回転した文6ベーノ
字パターンは第4図aのように々す、それに関する方向
指数系列は第4図すのようになる。第1図において15
は特徴抽出部であり、求められた方向指数系列をもとに
方向指数の出現頻度や、輪郭部の直線近似等の各種特微
量を抽出する。16は識別処理部であり、前記特微量を
標準パターン20と比較することにより類似度の最も大
きいカテゴリー或いは標準パターンとの距離が最も小さ
いカテゴリーを認識結果とする。17は類似度判定部で
あり16で認識されたカテゴリーの類似度或いは距離が
ある一定条件を満たさない場合には、回転処理部へのフ
ィルドパックを行い方向設定メモリ19内に予め与えら
れた次の優先順位の方向に従った識別処理を行う。However, X is a multiple of 9o. For example, the sentence 6 Beno character pattern obtained by rotating the character pattern shown in FIG. 3D clockwise by 900 degrees is as shown in FIG. 4A, and the related direction index series is as shown in FIG. 15 in Figure 1
is a feature extraction unit, which extracts various feature quantities such as the frequency of appearance of direction indexes and linear approximation of contours based on the obtained direction index series. Reference numeral 16 denotes a recognition processing unit, which compares the feature amounts with the standard pattern 20 and selects the category with the greatest degree of similarity or the category with the smallest distance from the standard pattern as a recognition result. Reference numeral 17 denotes a similarity judgment unit, and if the similarity or distance of the category recognized in 16 does not satisfy a certain condition, it fills the rotation processing unit and fills the next image given in advance in the direction setting memory 19. The identification process is performed according to the direction of priority.
以上のように、本実施例によれば、文字・図形パターン
の輪郭部より方向指数系列を抽出する手段と、方向指数
系列の変換により回転処理を行う手段と、類似度を判定
する手段を設けることにより、文字・図形パターン自身
を回転させる必要がなく、また方向指数系列の抽出も1
回のみで済むため高速な回転処理が可能となり、1方向
のみの標準パターンメモリで」−下左右4方向の文字を
認識することができる。As described above, according to this embodiment, there are provided a means for extracting a direction index series from the outline of a character/figure pattern, a means for performing rotation processing by converting the direction index series, and a means for determining similarity. As a result, there is no need to rotate the character/figure pattern itself, and the extraction of the direction index series can also be done in one step.
Since only one rotation is required, high-speed rotation processing is possible, and characters in four directions - bottom, left, and right can be recognized with a standard pattern memory for only one direction.
発明の効果
以上のように本発明によれば、方向指数系列の変換によ
り文字・図形パターンの回転処理が高速に行なえ、認識
結果に基づいた回転処理部へのンイードバノクにより、
1方向の標準パターンメモリのみで上下左右4方向の文
字・図形を高速に認識する文字・図形読取装置を実現す
ることができ、実用的にきわめて有用である。Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, rotation processing of character/graphic patterns can be performed at high speed by converting the direction index series, and by inputting data to the rotation processing unit based on the recognition result,
It is possible to realize a character/figure reading device that can quickly recognize characters/figures in four directions, up, down, left, and right using only a standard pattern memory in one direction, and is extremely useful in practice.
第1図は本発明の一実施例の文字図形読取装置のブロッ
ク構成図、第2図は方向指数系列を示す図、第3図aは
同装置におけるスキャナで読み取られた文字を2値のド
ツトパターンに変換したも文字パターン及び方向指数系
列の変換例を示す図、第5図は−に下左右4方向に書か
れた文字の例を示す図、第6図及び第7図は従来例の文
字図形読取装置のブロック構成図である。
1o・・・・・・文字パターン、11・・・・・・光電
変換部、12・・・・・・前処理部、13・・・・・・
方向指数系列抽出部、14・・・・・回転処理部、15
・・・・・・特徴抽出部、16・・・・・・識別処理部
、17・・・・・・類似度判定部、18・・・・・・認
識結果、19・・・・・・方向設定メモリ、20・・・
・・・標準パターンメモリ。
代理人の氏名 弁理士 中 尾 敏 男 ほか1名第1
図
第2図
?
第3図
(す
ooo。
(b)
第4図
ご!
第5図
ABC:上方向
鳴 :上方向
く
C:o :右方向
Ω
つgV °下方向
第6図FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a character/figure reading device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a directional index series, and FIG. Figure 5 shows an example of character patterns and directional index series converted into patterns. Figure 5 shows an example of characters written in four directions - below, left and right, and Figures 6 and 7 show examples of conventional examples. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a character/figure reading device. 1o... Character pattern, 11... Photoelectric conversion section, 12... Preprocessing section, 13...
Direction index series extraction unit, 14...Rotation processing unit, 15
... Feature extraction section, 16 ... Identification processing section, 17 ... Similarity determination section, 18 ... Recognition result, 19 ... Direction setting memory, 20...
...Standard pattern memory. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and 1 other person No. 1
Figure 2? Fig. 3 (Soooo. (b) Fig. 4! Fig. 5 ABC: Upward sound: Upward direction C: o: Rightward direction Ω TsugV ° Downward direction Fig. 6
Claims (3)
方向指数系列を抽出する手段と、抽出された前記方向指
数系列の変換により文字・図形パターンの回転処理を行
う手段と、前記回転処理の出力と一方標準パターンメモ
リの出力に基づいて上下左右4方向に書かれた文字・図
形を識別する手段を備えたことを特徴とする文字図形読
取装置。(1) means for extracting a directional index series from the outline portion of a binarized character/graphic pattern; means for performing rotation processing of the character/graphic pattern by converting the extracted directional index series; and the rotation processing. 1. A character/figure reading device comprising means for identifying characters/figures written in four directions (up, down, right, left, and right) based on the output of the standard pattern memory and the output of the standard pattern memory.
方向に従った回転を行うことを特徴とする特許請求の範
囲第1項記載の文字図形読取装置。(2) The character/figure reading device according to claim 1, wherein the rotation process performs rotation in a direction based on a predetermined priority order.
準パターンとの類似度が一定条件を満たす時、認識結果
を出力し、前記条件を満たさない時は回転処理部に処理
をフィードバックすることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲
第1項記載の文字図形読取装置。(3) In the identification process, when the degree of similarity between the input character/graphic pattern and the standard pattern satisfies a certain condition, the recognition result is output, and when the condition is not satisfied, the process is fed back to the rotation processing section. A character/figure reading device according to claim 1, characterized in that:
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP61009158A JPS62166486A (en) | 1986-01-20 | 1986-01-20 | Character and graphic reader |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP61009158A JPS62166486A (en) | 1986-01-20 | 1986-01-20 | Character and graphic reader |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS62166486A true JPS62166486A (en) | 1987-07-22 |
Family
ID=11712810
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP61009158A Pending JPS62166486A (en) | 1986-01-20 | 1986-01-20 | Character and graphic reader |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS62166486A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0424781A (en) * | 1990-05-15 | 1992-01-28 | Canon Inc | Document processor |
-
1986
- 1986-01-20 JP JP61009158A patent/JPS62166486A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0424781A (en) * | 1990-05-15 | 1992-01-28 | Canon Inc | Document processor |
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