JPS6210741B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6210741B2 JPS6210741B2 JP22500582A JP22500582A JPS6210741B2 JP S6210741 B2 JPS6210741 B2 JP S6210741B2 JP 22500582 A JP22500582 A JP 22500582A JP 22500582 A JP22500582 A JP 22500582A JP S6210741 B2 JPS6210741 B2 JP S6210741B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hollow
- extrusion
- forging
- hole
- hollow die
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001595 flow curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/10—Piercing billets
Description
この発明は、絞り部を有する中空品を鍛造によ
つて得るのに適した中空品の鍛造方法に関する。
従来、絞り部を有する中空品、例えば鍛造方向
の前方側および後方側に各々絞り部を有する中空
品を鍛造によつて製造するに際しては、例えば第
１図ないし第４図に示すような工程をとつてい
た。
図において、１は鍛造方向の前方側および後方
側に各々絞り部形成部１ａ，１ｂを有する中空ダ
イス、２は前記中空ダイス１内に進退可能に配設
し且つ段付部２ａを有するパンチである。
まず、第１図に示すように、据込み工程におい
て、中空ダイス１内に中実丸棒状の素材４を装入
し、次いでパンチ２を中空ダイス１内に進行さ
せ、素材４を据込み加工して、同じく第１図に示
すように、半楕円孔４ａを形成すると共に、後方
側絞り部５ｂを形成する。
次に、せん孔工程において、段付部を有しない
別のパンチ２１をさらに中空ダイス１内に進める
ことによつて、第２図に示すように、中間孔４ｂ
を形成すると共に、前方側絞り部５ａを形成す
る。次いで、パンチ２１をさらに進めることによ
つて、第３図に示すように、深孔４ｃを形成する
と共に、前端部４ｄを中空ダイス１の端面で形成
し、その後、孔抜き工程において、前端部４ｄの
孔抜き加工を行うことにより、第４図に示すよう
に、前方側絞り部５ａ、後方側絞り部５ｂおよび
中空孔５ｃを有する中空品５を製造するようにし
ていた。
この中空品５は、その後、両絞り部５ａ，５ｂ
より小径側の部分５ｄ，５ｅのいずれか一方また
は両方において適宜ねじ加工が施され、ツールジ
ヨイント部材などとして使用されるものである。
しかしながら、このような従来の鍛造方法にお
いては、第５図に拡大して示すように、中空品５
の前方側絞り部５ａよりも小径側の部分５ｄにお
いて、その材料フローに曲がり（第５図矢視Ａ）
を生ずることがあるため、この部分をねじ加工し
た場合には、ねじの強度にばらつきを生ずること
があるという問題点を有していた。
この発明は、上記した従来の問題点を解消する
ためになされたもので、鍛造方向の前方側に絞り
部を有する中空品を鍛造成形によつて得るに際
し、前記中空品の材料フローが良好であつて、当
該中空品の形状に沿わないような材料フローの曲
がりを生ずることがなく、部分的に強度のばらつ
きを生じない中空品を得ることができる鍛造方法
を提供することを目的としている。
この発明による鍛造方法は、鍛造方向の前方側
に絞り部形成部を有する中空ダイスと、前記中空
ダイス内に進退可能に配設したパンチとを用い、
前記中空ダイス内に装入した素材に対し、据込
み、せん孔、せん孔押出し、孔抜きの各工程を経
て、前方側に絞り部を有する中空品を鍛造成形す
るにあたり、前記中空ダイス内に、前記絞り部形
成部より前方側に前端部が位置する状態で素材を
装入したのち、据込み工程において、前端押出し
長さをl1として押出し、次いで、せん孔工程にお
いて前記素材の後端をせん孔すると共に絞り部を
形成し、次のせん孔押出し工程において前記絞り
部よりも深くせん孔すると共に前端押出し長さを
l3として押出し、前記押出し長さl1，l3の関係を
l3／（l1＋l3）＜0.55とし、その後、孔抜き加工し
て中空品を得るようにしたことを特徴としてい
る。
次に、この発明の実施態様を図面に基いて説明
する。
第６図〜第９図は、この発明の一実施態様を示
す図であつて、図において、１１は鍛造方向の前
方側および後方側に各々絞り部形成部１１ａ，１
１ｂを有する中空ダイス、１２は前記中空ダイス
１１内に進退可能に配設し且つ段付部１２ａを有
するパンチである。
鍛造にあたつては、まず、第６図に示すように
据込み工程において、中空ダイス１１内に中実丸
棒状の素材１４を前記両絞り部形成部１１ａ，１
１ｂよりも各々前方側および後方側にそれぞれ前
端部および後端部が位置する状態にして配設した
のち、パンチ１２を中空ダイス１１内に進行さ
せ、素材１４を据込み加工して、同じく第６図に
示すように、半楕円孔１４を形成すると共に、後
方側絞り部１５ｂを形成し、これと同時に素材１
４の前端押出し長さをl1として押出す。
次に、せん孔工程において、第７図に示すよう
に、段付部を有しない別のパンチ２２をさらに進
めることによつて、中間孔１４ｂを形成すると共
に、前方側絞り部１５ａを形成する。次いで、せ
ん孔押出し工程において、パンチ２２をさらに進
めることによつて、第８図に示すように、前記前
方側絞り部１５ａよりも深くせん孔して深孔１４
ｃを形成すると共に、素材１４の前端押出し長さ
をl3として前端部１４ｄを中空ダイス１１の端面
で形成し、このとき、前記押出し長さl1，l3の関
係を
ｌ３／（ｌ１＋ｌ３）＜0.55
とし、その後、孔抜き加工において、前端部１４
ｄの孔抜き加工を行うことにより、第９図に示す
ように、前方側絞り部１５ａ、後方側絞り部１５
ｂおよび中空孔１５ｃを有する中空品を得る。
上記の鍛造加工において、第１０図にも示すよ
うに、据込み工程での素材１４の押出し長さl1
と、せん孔押出し工程における素材１４の押出し
長さl3との関係を
ｌ３／ｌ１＋ｌ３＜0.55
としたのは、前方側絞り部１５ａよりも小径の部
分１５ｄにおいて、材料フローに第５図に示した
ような曲がり（Ａ部）を生じないようにするため
である。そして、このように、据込み工程におい
て素材１４の前端押出し長さl1を比較的大きくと
り、せん孔押出し工程において素材１４の前端押
出し長さl3を比較的小さくすることによつて、材
料のフロー曲りを少なくすることができるように
なる。また、材料フローの折れ込み高さＬfも小
さくすることができるようになる。
次に、実施例について説明する。
第１０図に示す説明図において、Ｄは素材１４
の直径、D0は絞り部１５ａの入口直径、L0は絞
り部１５ａの長さ、ｄはパンチ１２，２２の直
径、l1は据込み工程での押出し長さ、l3はせん孔
押出し工程での押出し長さ、ＬTは全押出し長さ
（＝l1＋l3）であり、この実施例では、次表に示す
組合わせにより行つた。
なお、表に示す項以外については、L0＝52.5
mm、D0＝65.0mmで行つた。また、曲がり角度θは
第５図に示す角度である。
The present invention relates to a method for forging a hollow product suitable for obtaining a hollow product having a drawn portion by forging. Conventionally, when manufacturing a hollow product having a drawn portion, for example, a hollow product having drawn portions on the front side and the rear side in the forging direction, by forging, for example, the steps shown in Figs. 1 to 4 are carried out. It was clear. In the figure, 1 is a hollow die having drawn portion forming portions 1a and 1b on the front side and the rear side in the forging direction, respectively, and 2 is a punch disposed movably in the hollow die 1 and having a stepped portion 2a. be. First, as shown in FIG. 1, in the upsetting process, a solid round bar-shaped material 4 is charged into the hollow die 1, and then the punch 2 is advanced into the hollow die 1, and the material 4 is subjected to the upsetting process. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, a semi-elliptical hole 4a is formed, and a rear aperture portion 5b is formed. Next, in the drilling process, by further advancing another punch 21 without a stepped part into the hollow die 1, the intermediate hole 4b is formed as shown in FIG.
At the same time, a front-side constricted portion 5a is formed. Next, by further advancing the punch 21, a deep hole 4c is formed as shown in FIG. 4d, a hollow product 5 having a front drawn portion 5a, a rear drawn portion 5b, and a hollow hole 5c was manufactured as shown in FIG. This hollow article 5 is then expanded to both narrowed portions 5a and 5b.
Either or both of the smaller diameter portions 5d and 5e are threaded as appropriate and used as a tool joint member or the like. However, in such a conventional forging method, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG.
At a portion 5d on the smaller diameter side than the front constriction portion 5a, the material flow curves (arrow view A in Fig. 5).
Therefore, when this portion is threaded, there is a problem in that the strength of the thread may vary. This invention was made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and when a hollow product having a drawing part on the front side in the forging direction is obtained by forging, the material flow of the hollow product is good. It is an object of the present invention to provide a forging method capable of obtaining a hollow product without bending the flow of material that does not follow the shape of the hollow product and without causing local variations in strength. The forging method according to the present invention uses a hollow die having a drawing part forming part on the front side in the forging direction, and a punch disposed in the hollow die so as to be movable forward and backward,
When the material charged into the hollow die is forged into a hollow product having a drawing part on the front side through the steps of upsetting, perforation, perforation extrusion, and hole punching, the above-mentioned After loading the material with the front end located forward of the drawing part forming part, in the upsetting step, the material is extruded with a front end extrusion length of l 1 , and then in the drilling step, the rear end of the material is drilled. In the next drilling and extrusion process, the hole is drilled deeper than the constricted part and the front end extrusion length is increased.
l 3 , and the relationship between the extrusion lengths l 1 and l 3 is
It is characterized in that l 3 /(l 1 +l 3 )<0.55, and then a hole is punched to obtain a hollow product. Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. 6 to 9 are diagrams showing an embodiment of the present invention, and in the figures, reference numeral 11 indicates drawn portion forming portions 11a and 1 on the front side and rear side in the forging direction, respectively.
A hollow die 1b is provided, and 12 is a punch that is movably disposed within the hollow die 11 and has a stepped portion 12a. In forging, first, in the upsetting step as shown in FIG.
1b, with the front end and rear end located on the front side and the rear side, respectively, and then the punch 12 is advanced into the hollow die 11, and the material 14 is upset-processed. As shown in Fig. 6, a semi-elliptical hole 14 is formed, a rear constriction part 15b is formed, and at the same time, the material 1 is
Extrude with the front end extrusion length of No. 4 as l1 . Next, in the drilling step, as shown in FIG. 7, another punch 22 without a stepped portion is further advanced to form an intermediate hole 14b and a front-side constricted portion 15a. Next, in the punching and extruding step, by further advancing the punch 22, the hole is punched deeper than the front constricted portion 15a and the deep hole 14 is formed, as shown in FIG.
At the same time, the front end 14d is formed by the end face of the hollow die 11, with the front end extrusion length of the material 14 being l 3 , and at this time, the relationship between the extrusion lengths l 1 and l 3 is expressed as l 3 /(l 1 + l 3 ) < 0.55, and then in the hole punching process, the front end 14
By performing the hole punching process d, as shown in FIG.
A hollow article having hollow holes 15c and 15c is obtained. In the above forging process, as shown in FIG. 10, the extrusion length l 1 of the material 14 in the upsetting process
The relationship between L 3 and the extrusion length l 3 of the material 14 in the punching and extruding process is l 3 /l 1 +l 3 <0.55 because the material flow is This is to prevent bending (portion A) as shown in the figure. In this way, by making the front end extrusion length l 1 of the material 14 relatively large in the upsetting process and making the front end extrusion length l 3 of the material 14 relatively small in the punching and extrusion process, the material can be improved. It becomes possible to reduce flow bending. Furthermore, the folding height L f of the material flow can also be reduced. Next, examples will be described. In the explanatory diagram shown in FIG. 10, D is the material 14
, D 0 is the inlet diameter of the constricted part 15a, L 0 is the length of the constricted part 15a, d is the diameter of the punches 12 and 22, l 1 is the extrusion length in the upsetting process, and l 3 is the perforation extrusion process. The extrusion length L T is the total extrusion length (=l 1 +l 3 ), and in this example, the combinations shown in the following table were used. For terms other than those shown in the table, L 0 = 52.5
mm, D 0 =65.0 mm. Further, the bending angle θ is the angle shown in FIG.
【表】
上記表に示すように、l3／（l1＋l3）の値を0.55
未満にすることによつて材料フロー曲がり角度θ
を小さくできることが明らかである。
また、第１１図ａは折れ込み高さ（Ｌf）の変
化、第１１図ｂは材料フロー曲がり角度（θ）の
変化を示す図であつて、l3／（l1＋l3）を0.55未満
とすることによつて、折れ込み高さおよび材料フ
ロー曲がり角度を小さくできることが明らかであ
る。
さらに、材料フローを直接観察したところ、第
１２図に示すように、前方側絞り部１５ａよりも
小径側の部分１５ｄにおいて、前記第５図に示し
たような材料フローの曲がりは全く見られず、良
好な結果を得ることができた。
以上説明してきたように、この発明によれば、
鍛造方向の前方側に絞り部形成部を有する中空ダ
イスと、前記中空ダイス内に進退可能に配設した
パンチとを用い、前記中空ダイス内に装入した素
材に対し、据込み、せん孔、せん孔押出し、孔抜
きの各工程を経て、前方側に絞り部を有する中空
品を鍛造成形するにあたり、前記中空ダイス内
に、前記絞り部形成部より前方側に前端部が位置
する状態で素材を装入したのち、据込み工程にお
いて、前端押出し長さをl1として押出し、次い
で、せん孔工程において前記素材の後端をせん孔
すると共に絞り部を形成し、次のせん孔押出し工
程において前記絞り部よりも深くせん孔すると共
に前端押出し長さをl3として押出し、前記押出し
長さl1，l3の関係をl3／（l1＋l3）＜0.55とし、その
後、孔抜き工程において前端部を孔抜きして中空
品を得るという絞り部を有する中空品の鍛造方法
としたから、中空品の材料フローが良好であつ
て、当該中空品の形状に沿わないような材料フロ
ーの曲がりを生ずることがなく、部分的に強度が
ばらついたり、強度の方向性が異なつたりするな
どの不具合をなくすことが可能である。[Table] As shown in the table above, the value of l 3 / (l 1 + l 3 ) is 0.55.
The material flow bending angle θ by making it less than
It is clear that it is possible to reduce the Further, Fig. 11a shows the change in the folding height (L f ), and Fig. 11b shows the change in the material flow bending angle (θ), where l 3 /(l 1 +l 3 ) is 0.55. It is clear that the folding height and material flow bending angle can be reduced by making the bending height less than 1. Furthermore, when the material flow was directly observed, as shown in FIG. 12, there was no bending of the material flow as shown in FIG. , we were able to obtain good results. As explained above, according to this invention,
Using a hollow die having a drawing part forming part on the front side in the forging direction and a punch disposed in the hollow die so as to be able to move forward and backward, the material charged into the hollow die is subjected to upsetting, drilling, and perforation. When forging a hollow product having a drawn part on the front side through the extrusion and hole punching processes, the material is loaded into the hollow die with the front end located ahead of the drawn part forming part. After that, in the upsetting process, the material is extruded with a front end extrusion length of l 1 , and then in the drilling process, the rear end of the material is perforated and a constricted part is formed, and in the next punching and extrusion process, the material is extruded with a length l1. While drilling deeply, the front end is extruded with the extrusion length l 3 , the relationship between the extrusion lengths l 1 and l 3 is l 3 / (l 1 + l 3 ) < 0.55, and then the front end is punched in the hole punching process. Since the forging method for hollow products having a drawn part is used to obtain a hollow product, the material flow of the hollow product is good, and there is no bending of the material flow that does not follow the shape of the hollow product. It is possible to eliminate problems such as partial variations in strength or different directions of strength.
第１図〜第４図は従来例を示し、第１図は据込
み工程前後の状態を示す断面説明図、第２図はせ
ん孔工程前後の状態を示す断面説明図、第３図は
せん孔押出し工程前後の状態を示す断面明図、第
４図は孔抜き後の中空品の断面図、第５図は第４
図の中空品の材料フローを示す部分拡大説明図、
第６図〜第９図はこの発明の一実施態様を示し、
第６図は据込み工程前後の状態を示す断面説明
図、第７図はせん孔工程前後の状態を示す断面説
明図、第８図はせん孔押出し工程前後の状態を示
す断面説明図、第９図は孔抜き後の中空品の断面
図、第１０図は鍛造による寸法の変化を示す説明
図、第１１図ａ，ｂは各々押出し長さの比と折れ
込み高さとの関係および押出し長さの比と材料フ
ロー曲がり角度との関係を示すグラフ、第１２図
は第９図の中空品の材料フローを示す部分拡大説
明図である。
１１……中空ダイス、１１ａ，１１ｂ……絞り
部形成部、１２，２２……パンチ、１４……素
材、１４ｄ……前端部、１５……中空品、１５ａ
……前方側絞り部、１５ｂ……後方側絞り部、１
５ｃ……中空孔、l1，l3……押出し長さ。
Figures 1 to 4 show conventional examples, Figure 1 is a cross-sectional explanatory diagram showing the state before and after the upsetting process, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional explanatory diagram showing the state before and after the drilling process, and Figure 3 is the extrusion of the punching process. A clear cross-sectional view showing the state before and after the process, Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the hollow product after hole punching, and Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the hollow product after the hole has been punched.
A partially enlarged explanatory diagram showing the material flow of the hollow product shown in the figure.
6 to 9 show one embodiment of this invention,
Fig. 6 is an explanatory cross-sectional view showing the state before and after the upsetting process, Fig. 7 is an explanatory cross-sectional view showing the state before and after the drilling process, Fig. 8 is an explanatory cross-sectional view showing the state before and after the drilling process, Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the hollow product after punching a hole, Figure 10 is an explanatory diagram showing the change in dimensions due to forging, and Figures 11a and b are the relationship between the extrusion length ratio and folding height, and the extrusion length. A graph showing the relationship between the ratio and the bending angle of material flow, and FIG. 12 is a partially enlarged explanatory diagram showing the material flow of the hollow product in FIG. 9. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11...Hollow die, 11a, 11b...Drawing part forming part, 12, 22...Punch, 14...Material, 14d...Front end part, 15...Hollow product, 15a
...Front side aperture part, 15b...Rear side aperture part, 1
5c...Hollow hole, l1 , l3 ...Extrusion length.
Claims (1)
空ダイスと、前記中空ダイス内に進退可能に配設
したパンチとを用い、前記中空ダイス内に装入し
た素材に対し、据込み、せん孔、せん孔押出し、
孔抜きの各工程を経て、前方側に絞り部を有する
中空品を鍛造成形するにあたり、前記中空ダイス
内に、前記絞り部形成部より前方側に前端部が位
置する状態で素材を装入したのち、据込み工程に
おいて、前端押出し長さをl1として押出し、次い
で、せん孔工程において前記素材の後端をせん孔
すると共に絞り部を形成し、次のせん孔押出し工
程において前記絞り部よりも深くせん孔すると共
に前端押出し長さをl3として押出し、前記押出し
長さl1，l3の関係をl3／（l1＋l3）＜0.55とし、その
後、孔抜き工程において前端部を孔抜きして中空
品を得ることを特徴とする絞り部を有する中空品
の鍛造方法。1 Using a hollow die having a drawing part forming part on the front side in the forging direction and a punch disposed in the hollow die so as to be able to move forward and backward, the material charged into the hollow die is subjected to upsetting, drilling, hole extrusion,
When forging a hollow product having a drawing part on the front side through each hole punching process, the material was charged into the hollow die with the front end located on the front side of the drawing part forming part. Later, in the upsetting process, the material is extruded with a front end extrusion length of l 1 , and then in the drilling process, the rear end of the material is perforated and a constricted part is formed, and in the next perforation and extrusion process, the material is perforated deeper than the constricted part. At the same time, the front end is extruded with the extrusion length l 3 , the relationship between the extrusion lengths l 1 and l 3 is l 3 / (l 1 + l 3 ) < 0.55, and then the front end is punched in the hole punching step. A method for forging a hollow product having a drawn part, characterized by obtaining a hollow product.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22500582A JPS59118239A (en) | 1982-12-23 | 1982-12-23 | Forging method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22500582A JPS59118239A (en) | 1982-12-23 | 1982-12-23 | Forging method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59118239A JPS59118239A (en) | 1984-07-07 |
| JPS6210741B2 true JPS6210741B2 (en) | 1987-03-07 |
Family
ID=16822584
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22500582A Granted JPS59118239A (en) | 1982-12-23 | 1982-12-23 | Forging method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59118239A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63201434U (en) * | 1987-06-18 | 1988-12-26 | ||
| JP2020142288A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2020-09-10 | 愛知製鋼株式会社 | Punching punch, forging device including the same, and forging method using the same |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4810937B2 (en) | 2005-09-06 | 2011-11-09 | オムロン株式会社 | Switchgear |
-
1982
- 1982-12-23 JP JP22500582A patent/JPS59118239A/en active Granted
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63201434U (en) * | 1987-06-18 | 1988-12-26 | ||
| JP2020142288A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2020-09-10 | 愛知製鋼株式会社 | Punching punch, forging device including the same, and forging method using the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59118239A (en) | 1984-07-07 |
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