JPS619547A - Aluminum alloy for electrophotographic sensitive body having superior suitability to vapor deposition of amorphous silicon thereon - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy for electrophotographic sensitive body having superior suitability to vapor deposition of amorphous silicon thereonInfo
- Publication number
- JPS619547A JPS619547A JP12961884A JP12961884A JPS619547A JP S619547 A JPS619547 A JP S619547A JP 12961884 A JP12961884 A JP 12961884A JP 12961884 A JP12961884 A JP 12961884A JP S619547 A JPS619547 A JP S619547A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- amorphous silicon
- aluminum alloy
- vapor deposition
- image quality
- crystallized
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/08—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic
- G03G5/082—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic and not being incorporated in a bonding material, e.g. vacuum deposited
- G03G5/08214—Silicon-based
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/10—Bases for charge-receiving or other layers
- G03G5/102—Bases for charge-receiving or other layers consisting of or comprising metals
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明はアモルファスシリコンの蒸着特性に優れた電子
写真感光体用アルミニウム合金に関し、さらに詳しくは
、特に、複写機のドラムやレーザープリンタ等に適した
アモルファスシリコンの蒸着特性に優れた電子写真感光
体用アルミニウム合金に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy for electrophotographic photoreceptors that has excellent amorphous silicon vapor deposition properties, and more specifically, is particularly suitable for use in copying machine drums, laser printers, etc. The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy for electrophotographic photoreceptors that has excellent amorphous silicon vapor deposition properties.
［従来技術１
一般的に、複写機ドラムの感光剤として、ＣｄＳやアモ
ルファスセレンが用いられているが、これらの感光剤は
硬度が低く、多量の複写には適さず、一定の枚数を複写
するごとに交換しなければならなかった。[Prior art 1] Generally, CdS or amorphous selenium is used as a photosensitive agent for copying machine drums, but these photosensitive agents have low hardness and are not suitable for making large numbers of copies. I had to replace it every time.
近年、コンピュータのアウトプット用レーザープリンタ
や高速複写機のドラム等において、耐刷性、耐熱性およ
び画質の面で優れた感光剤として、アモルファスシリコ
ンが使用されて来つつある。In recent years, amorphous silicon has been used as a photosensitizer with excellent printing durability, heat resistance, and image quality in laser printers for computer output, drums of high-speed copying machines, and the like.
このアモルファスシリコンは、一般に、切削、研磨、表
面処理等によって鏡面状態に加工された基盤材料の表面
に蒸着される。しかしながら、このようにして得られた
ドラム、プリンタ等により印刷すると局所的に画質不良
の部分が発生することが屡々経験された。そして、この
画質不良の要因は、アモルファスシリコンの蒸着工程（
汚れ、粒子の付着等）の他に材料の側にもあるとされ、
この材料の改良の要望が強がった。This amorphous silicon is generally deposited on the surface of a base material that has been processed into a mirror-like state by cutting, polishing, surface treatment, or the like. However, when printing using drums, printers, etc. obtained in this manner, it has often been experienced that localized areas of poor image quality occur. The cause of this poor image quality is the amorphous silicon vapor deposition process (
In addition to dirt, particle adhesion, etc.), it is also said to exist on the material side.
Demand for improvements to this material grew stronger.
この従来における要望に対処すべく、アモルファスシリ
コン蒸着用アルミニ２′ム合金として、ＡＡ３００３、
ＡＡ５０８６、ＡＡ６０６３等の合金の使用が試みられ
てきたが、上記要求を充分に満足することは現状では困
難である。In order to meet this conventional demand, AA3003, an aluminum 2' aluminum alloy for amorphous silicon deposition,
Although attempts have been made to use alloys such as AA5086 and AA6063, it is currently difficult to fully satisfy the above requirements.
［発明が解決しようとする問題点１
本発明は、上記に説明したような従来において使用され
てきたアモルファスシリコンの蒸着に際して発生する局
部的な画質不良の材料学的要因について鋭意研究した結
果、それが合金中に含有されている晶出物に起因するこ
とを知見し、この知見に基いてアモルファスシリコンの
蒸着特性の優れた押出アルミニウム合金を開発した。[Problem to be Solved by the Invention 1] The present invention has been developed as a result of intensive research into the materialistic causes of local image quality defects that occur during the deposition of amorphous silicon, which has been conventionally used as explained above. Based on this knowledge, we developed an extruded aluminum alloy with excellent amorphous silicon deposition properties.
即ち、上記に説明したように、アモルファスシリコンは
、切削、研磨およびその他の手段により表面を鏡面状に
仕上げた円筒、平板、多面体その他の形状の起盤上に蒸
着され、そして、複写・印字はこのアモルファスシリコ
ンにレーザー等の光線を照射することにより部分的な帯
電状態に変え、その部分に印刷・印字用のトナーを静電
的に付着させて、これを用紙に転写させて行なうもので
あるが、この場合、一様な鏡面状表面にマ） ＩＪフッ
クス異質な晶出物が存在していると、その部分における
アモルファスシリコンの帯電特性が部分的に変化し、印
刷印字用トナーの付着が充分でなく、従って、画質不良
を招来するものと推察される。That is, as explained above, amorphous silicon is deposited on a base in the shape of a cylinder, flat plate, polyhedron, or other shape whose surface has been mirror-finished by cutting, polishing, or other means, and copying and printing are not possible. By irradiating this amorphous silicon with a beam of light such as a laser, it becomes partially electrically charged, toner for printing is electrostatically adhered to that area, and this is transferred to paper. However, in this case, if foreign crystallized substances are present on the uniform mirror-like surface, the charging characteristics of the amorphous silicon in that area will partially change, and the adhesion of toner for printing will be affected. It is inferred that this is not sufficient and therefore causes poor image quality.
そして、結晶粒が微細な程鏡面仕上り性が良好で、画質
不良をもたらす隣り合った結晶粒間の段差が小さくなり
、そのため、アモルファスシリコンを感光剤とする複写
機ドラム、レーザープリンター等において、晶出物が小
さく少ないこと、がっ、結晶粒径が小さいことが満たさ
れる時に最良の画質が得られるのである。The finer the crystal grains, the better the mirror finish, and the smaller the step difference between adjacent crystal grains that causes poor image quality. The best image quality can be obtained when the requirements of small particles and small crystal grain size are met.
しかして、従来のアルミニウム合金には不純物として、
Ｆｅ、Ｓｉを比較的多量に含有する他、強度その他の性
能を高めるためにＭｎ、Ｃｒを含有させているが、その
ため、結晶粒は比較的小さいが、晶出物が大きく、がっ
、多いのであるが、本発明に係るアモルファスシリコン
の蒸着特性に優れた電子写真感光体用アルミニウム合金
においては、不純物として、かつ、晶出物形成元素であ
るＭｎ、Ｃｒ含有量を低含有量に規制することにより、
結晶粒を微細化することによって局部的画質不良の発生
をを防止したものである。However, conventional aluminum alloys contain impurities such as
In addition to containing relatively large amounts of Fe and Si, Mn and Cr are also included to improve strength and other properties.As a result, although the crystal grains are relatively small, the crystallized substances are large and numerous. However, in the aluminum alloy for electrophotographic photoreceptors that has excellent amorphous silicon vapor deposition characteristics according to the present invention, the content of Mn and Cr, which are impurities and crystallize forming elements, is regulated to a low content. By this,
By making the crystal grains finer, local image quality defects are prevented.
［問題点を解決するための手段１
本発明に係るアモルファスシリコンの蒸着特性に優れた
電子写真感光体用アルミニウム合金の特徴とするところ
は、
Ｍｇ３．０−６．０ｗｔ％、Ｚｒ ０．０１−０．２５
ｗｔ％、Ｚｎ ０．０１〜１．（ｂｕｔ％
を含有し、かつ、
Ｍｎ０．３ｕ＋ｔ％以下、Ｃｒ ０．２ｕ＋ｔ％以下、
Ｆｅ ０．１５＋ｕｔ％以下、Ｓｉ ０．１２＋ｕｔ％
以下に規制し、残部Ａｌからなることにある。[Means for Solving the Problems 1] The aluminum alloy for electrophotographic photoreceptors having excellent amorphous silicon vapor deposition properties according to the present invention is characterized by: Mg 3.0-6.0wt%, Zr 0.01- 0.25
wt%, Zn 0.01-1. (Contains but%, and Mn 0.3u+t% or less, Cr 0.2u+t% or less,
Fe 0.15+ut% or less, Si 0.12+ut%
The following regulations apply, with the remainder being Al.
本発明に係るアモルファスシリコンの蒸着特性に優れた
電子写真感光体用アルミニウム合金について以下詳細に
説明する。The aluminum alloy for electrophotographic photoreceptors having excellent amorphous silicon vapor deposition properties according to the present invention will be described in detail below.
先ず、本発明に係るアモルファスシリコンの蒸着特性に
優れた電子写真感光体用アルミニウム合金の含有成分お
よび成分割合について説明する。First, the components and component ratios of the aluminum alloy for electrophotographic photoreceptors having excellent amorphous silicon vapor deposition characteristics according to the present invention will be explained.
Ｍｇは強度を向上させる元素であり、含有量が０、５ｗ
ｔ％未満では切削、研磨等の加工時に変形し易く、画質
を阻害し、また、５．Ｅｏｕｔ％を越えて含有されると
熱間加工性が劣化する。よって、Ｍｇ含有量は、０．５
〜５．５ｗｔ％とする。Mg is an element that improves strength, and the content is 0.5w
If it is less than t%, it will be easily deformed during processing such as cutting and polishing, impairing image quality, and 5. If the content exceeds Eout%, hot workability will deteriorate. Therefore, the Mg content is 0.5
~5.5wt%.
Ｚｒは結晶粒を微細化する元素であり、含有量が０．０
１ｕ＋ｔ％未満ではこの効果が少なく、また、０．２５
ｕ＋ｔ％を越えて含有されるとＡｌ３Ｚｒを形成して表
面仕上り性を阻害する。よって、Ｚｒ含有量は０．０１
−０．２５ｕ＋ｔ％とする。Zr is an element that refines crystal grains, and the content is 0.0
If it is less than 1u+t%, this effect is small, and if it is less than 0.25
If the content exceeds u+t%, Al3Zr is formed and the surface finish is impaired. Therefore, the Zr content is 0.01
-0.25u+t%.
Ｚｎは切削表面仕上り性を高めるための元素であり、Ａ
ｌマトリックス中に固溶し、切削時に潤滑効果をもたら
して仕上り性を向上させ、含有量が多い程効果は大とな
るが、含有量が１．Ｏｕ＋ｔ％を越える含有量ではアモ
ルファスシリコンの蒸着を阻害し、また、０．０１ｕ＋
ｔ％未満では上記の効果は少ない。よって、Ｚｎ含有量
は０．０１〜１．０ｗｔ％とする。しかして、アモルフ
ァスシリコン蒸着ドラムにおいては、表面粗さがＲｍａ
ｘ≦０．０５μであることが必要であるのでＺｎの含有
は特に重要である。Zn is an element for improving cutting surface finish, and
It dissolves solidly in the matrix and provides a lubricating effect during cutting to improve finish quality, and the higher the content, the greater the effect, but if the content is 1. If the content exceeds Ou+t%, the vapor deposition of amorphous silicon will be inhibited, and if the content exceeds 0.01u+
If the amount is less than t%, the above effect will be small. Therefore, the Zn content is set to 0.01 to 1.0 wt%. However, in an amorphous silicon deposition drum, the surface roughness is Rma
Since it is necessary that x≦0.05μ, the content of Zn is particularly important.
Ｍｎ５Ｃｒは不純物として含有され、Ｍｎ含有量が０．
３ｗｔ％を越えるとＡｌ６Ｍ−ｎ、また、Ｃｒ含有量が
０．ｈｔ％を越えて含有されるとＡ ｌ ｔ Ｃｒの晶
出物を形成して画質不良の原因となる。よって、Ｍｎ含
有量は０．’３＋ｕｔ％以下、Ｃｒ含有量は０．２ｕ＋
ｔ％以下に抑制しなければならない。Mn5Cr is contained as an impurity, and when the Mn content is 0.
If it exceeds 3 wt%, Al6M-n and Cr content is 0. If the content exceeds ht%, crystallized Al t Cr will be formed, causing poor image quality. Therefore, the Mn content is 0. '3+ut% or less, Cr content is 0.2u+
It must be suppressed to t% or less.
Ｆｅ、Ｓｉは共にＭｎ、Ｃｒと同じく不純物として含有
され、Ｆｅ含有量が０．１５ｕ＋ｔ％およびＳ１含有量
が０．１２＋ｕｔ％を夫々越えると、Ａｌ−Ｆｅまたは
Ａｌ−Ｆｅ−８ｉ系の晶出物を形成して画質不良を招来
する。また、ＦｅはＭｎと同時に含有されるとＡＬ（Ｍ
ｎＦｅ）晶出物の形成を促進し、ＳｉはＭｇと同時に含
有されるとＭｇ２Ｓｉの晶出物を形成し、画質不良を顕
著にするのでＦｅおよびＳｉ含有量については特に注意
しなければならない。よって、Ｆｅ含有量は０．１５ｗ
ｔ％以下、およびＳｉ含有量は０．１２ｗｔ％以下に抑
制する必要がある。Both Fe and Si are contained as impurities like Mn and Cr, and when the Fe content exceeds 0.15u+t% and the S1 content exceeds 0.12+ut%, respectively, Al-Fe or Al-Fe-8i crystallization occurs. It forms objects and causes poor image quality. Moreover, when Fe is contained simultaneously with Mn, AL (M
Particular attention must be paid to the contents of Fe and Si, since Si (nFe) promotes the formation of crystallized products, and if Si is contained at the same time as Mg, it forms Mg2Si crystallized products, resulting in noticeable poor image quality. Therefore, the Fe content is 0.15w
t% or less, and the Si content needs to be suppressed to 0.12wt% or less.
なお、上記に説明した元素以外に、鋳塊の結晶粒微細化
に通常使用されるＴｉおよびＢは含有量が０．０５ｗｔ
％以下であれば、特性を劣化させることがないのでこの
含有量までは許容され、また、Ｃｕは不純物として０．
３ｕ＋ｔ％以下に規制するのがよい。In addition to the elements explained above, Ti and B, which are usually used for grain refinement of ingots, have a content of 0.05wt.
% or less, the properties are not deteriorated, so this content is permissible, and the Cu content is 0.0% as an impurity.
It is best to limit it to 3u+t% or less.
［実施例］
次に本発明に係るアモルファスシリコンの蒸着特性に優
れた電子写真感光体用アルミニウム合金の実施例を説明
する。[Example] Next, an example of an aluminum alloy for an electrophotographic photoreceptor having excellent amorphous silicon vapor deposition characteristics according to the present invention will be described.
実施例
第１表に示す含有成分および成分割合のアルミニツム合
金を常法に従って鋳造し、２００ｍｍφの鋳塊とし、こ
の鋳塊を熱間押出、抽伸加工により、外径８０關φ、肉
厚３．５１１ＩＩ１１の管（Ｈ１４調質）とした。EXAMPLE An aluminum alloy having the components and proportions shown in Table 1 is cast according to a conventional method to form an ingot of 200 mm diameter.The ingot is hot extruded and drawn to an outer diameter of 80 mm and a wall thickness of 3 mm. 511II11 tube (H14 tempering).
この管を粗切削後、超精密旋盤により仕上げ、プラズマ
−ＣＶＤ方式によりアモルファスシリコンを約１７μ蒸
着して画質評価に供した。After rough cutting this tube, it was finished using an ultra-precision lathe, and approximately 17 μm of amorphous silicon was deposited using a plasma-CVD method, and the tube was subjected to image quality evaluation.
画質評価は、通常のブラックプリント方式で全面真黒に
複写し、画面のムラの多少で評価した。Image quality was evaluated by copying completely black using the normal black printing method and evaluating the degree of unevenness on the screen.
そして、画質不良は点状のものと濃度のムラが認められ
、不良の全くないものをＡ、点状欠陥もしくは部分的な
濃度ムラがあるものをＢ、全面的な濃度ムラがあるもの
をＣとした。Image quality defects include dots and density unevenness, and those with no defects are A, those with dot defects or partial density unevenness are B, and those with overall density unevenness are C. And so.
第２表に供試材の機械的性質と画質評価の結果を示す。Table 2 shows the mechanical properties of the sample materials and the results of image quality evaluation.
この第２表から次のことがわかる。The following can be seen from this Table 2.
（１）本発明に係るアモルファスシリコンの蒸着特性に
優れた電子写真感光体用アルミニウム合金は、結晶粒が
小さく、表面粗さも小さいために画質が優れている。(1) The aluminum alloy for electrophotographic photoreceptors which has excellent amorphous silicon vapor deposition characteristics according to the present invention has small crystal grains and low surface roughness, and therefore has excellent image quality.
（２）Ｎｏ、３とＮｏ、４との比較において、Ｎｏ、４
の比較合金にはＳｉおよびＺｒが含有されていないので
、Ｎｏ、３の本発明に係るアモルファスシリコンと蒸着
特性に優れた電子写真感光体用アルミニウム合金に比し
、結晶粒が粗大化し、表面仕上り性が低下するので画質
不良となる。このことからも、ＺｎとＺｒの含有は極め
て重要である。(2) In comparing No. 3 and No. 4, No. 4
Since the comparative alloy No. 3 does not contain Si and Zr, the crystal grains are coarsened and the surface finish is poor compared to the amorphous silicon according to the present invention No. 3 and the aluminum alloy for electrophotographic photoreceptors which have excellent vapor deposition characteristics. The quality of the images decreases, resulting in poor image quality. For this reason as well, the inclusion of Zn and Zr is extremely important.
（３）比較合金Ｎｏ、５〜８は、結晶粒は小さいが、Ｚ
ｎ含有量が少ないこと、また、Ａｌｓ（ＭｎＦｅ）、Ａ
ｌ ｙ Ｃｒ等の晶出物のために表面粗さが粗くなり
画質不良となる。(3) Comparative alloy Nos. 5 to 8 have small crystal grains, but Z
The n content is small, and Als(MnFe), A
The surface roughness becomes rough due to crystallized substances such as ly Cr, resulting in poor image quality.
［発明の効果］
以上説明。したように、本発明に係るアモルファスシリ
コンの蒸着特性に優れた電子写真感光体用アルミニウム
合金は上記の構成を有しているものであるから、機械的
性質においても従来材および比較例と同等かそれ以上で
あり、感光剤のアモルファスシリコンの蒸着が極めて優
れているから画質が極めて良好であって、複写機ドラム
やレーザープリンタ用等の材料として好適なアルミニウ
ム合金である。[Effects of the invention] This is the explanation above. As described above, since the aluminum alloy for electrophotographic photoreceptors according to the present invention which has excellent amorphous silicon vapor deposition characteristics has the above-mentioned structure, it can be said that its mechanical properties are equivalent to those of conventional materials and comparative examples. This is higher than that, and because the vapor deposition of amorphous silicon as a photosensitive agent is extremely excellent, the image quality is extremely good, and the aluminum alloy is suitable as a material for copying machine drums, laser printers, and the like.
Claims (1)
ｔ％、Ｚｎ０．０１〜１．０ｗｔ％ を含有し、かつ、 Ｍｎ０．３ｗｔ％以下、Ｃｒ０．２ｗｔ％以下、Ｆｅ０
．１５ｗｔ％以下、Ｓｉ０．１２ｗｔ％以下に規制し、
残部Ａｌからなることを特徴とするアモルファスシリコ
ンの蒸着特性に優れた電子写真感光体用アルミニウム合
金。[Claims] Mg0.5-5.5wt%, Zr0.01-0.25w
t%, Zn0.01-1.0wt%, and Mn0.3wt% or less, Cr0.2wt% or less, Fe0
．． Regulated to 15 wt% or less, Si 0.12 wt% or less,
An aluminum alloy for use in electrophotographic photoreceptors, which has excellent amorphous silicon vapor deposition properties, the remainder being Al.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12961884A JPS619547A (en) | 1984-06-23 | 1984-06-23 | Aluminum alloy for electrophotographic sensitive body having superior suitability to vapor deposition of amorphous silicon thereon |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12961884A JPS619547A (en) | 1984-06-23 | 1984-06-23 | Aluminum alloy for electrophotographic sensitive body having superior suitability to vapor deposition of amorphous silicon thereon |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS619547A true JPS619547A (en) | 1986-01-17 |
| JPS6232262B2 JPS6232262B2 (en) | 1987-07-14 |
Family
ID=15013920
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12961884A Granted JPS619547A (en) | 1984-06-23 | 1984-06-23 | Aluminum alloy for electrophotographic sensitive body having superior suitability to vapor deposition of amorphous silicon thereon |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS619547A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0289216A2 (en) * | 1987-04-21 | 1988-11-02 | Xerox Corporation | Electrophotographic imaging member |
| EP0293176A2 (en) * | 1987-05-29 | 1988-11-30 | Showa Aluminum Kabushiki Kaisha | Photosensitive drums |
| JPH02310369A (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1990-12-26 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | Production of aluminum alloy substrate for amorphous silicon photosensitive body |
| US5352555A (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 1994-10-04 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and electrophotographic process therefor |
-
1984
- 1984-06-23 JP JP12961884A patent/JPS619547A/en active Granted
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0289216A2 (en) * | 1987-04-21 | 1988-11-02 | Xerox Corporation | Electrophotographic imaging member |
| EP0293176A2 (en) * | 1987-05-29 | 1988-11-30 | Showa Aluminum Kabushiki Kaisha | Photosensitive drums |
| JPH02310369A (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1990-12-26 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | Production of aluminum alloy substrate for amorphous silicon photosensitive body |
| JPH0670270B2 (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1994-09-07 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Method for manufacturing aluminum alloy substrate for amorphous silicon photoreceptor |
| US5352555A (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 1994-10-04 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and electrophotographic process therefor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6232262B2 (en) | 1987-07-14 |
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