JPS6168558A - Measuring of oceanic pollution - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To achieve a normal measurement, by measuring the water depth in an polluted area depending on the time from the emission of a wave to the reception of the reflected wave and then, the degree of pollution depending on the amplitude of the reflected wave thereof. CONSTITUTION:An ultrasonic pulse is emitted continually from a measuring ship S projecting a terminal 1 which emits an ultrasonic pulse and receives the reflected wave thereof into sea to determine the means of the reflected wave and the degree of pollution is measured from the size of amplitude while the water depth in a polluted area done from the time from the emission of the wave to reception of the reflected wave thereof. For example, an ultrasonic pulse of 5ms is transmitted continually for 30sec once per sec to determine the mean of the reflected wave as value at the measuring point. In this manner, the measuring ship S emits ultrasonic pulses moving over the sea area to be measured to measure and record the distribution and density of pollution.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 ＜　Ｊ　＞産業上の利用分野 本発明は海水の汚濁の拡散状況や濃度分布を測定で−る
海洋汚濁の測定方法に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <J> Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to a method for measuring marine pollution, which measures the diffusion status and concentration distribution of seawater pollution.

＜　［＞従来の技術 水中に突出した端子から超音波パルスを発信し、海底や
海中の馬濁物からの反射波に生ずるドツプラー効果にＪ
：って流速雪を測定するドツプラー流速計が存′ｔＵづ
る。< [ > Conventional technology Ultrasonic pulses are transmitted from a terminal protruding into the water, and the Doppler effect that occurs in the reflected waves from the seabed and underwater debris is
There is a Doppler current meter that measures the snow velocity.

本発明は上記ドツプラー流速ｉ１を使用して海中の汚濁
の拡散状況や濃度分布を測定するものである。The present invention uses the above-mentioned Doppler flow velocity i1 to measure the diffusion status and concentration distribution of underwater pollution.

この流速Ｒ１は超音波パルスを多数回発信し、その反射
波の測定値を平均することによって各種の測定を行イ丁
う。This flow rate R1 is determined by emitting ultrasonic pulses many times and averaging the measured values of the reflected waves to perform various measurements.

＜　■＞本発明が解決しようどする問題点上記の流速側
には次のような問題点が存在した。<■> Problems to be solved by the present invention The following problems existed on the above flow rate side.

（イ）　Ｉｌｌ定の！こめには超高波パルスの発信１ｒ
］数を増加する必要がある。(b) Ill definitely! Ultrahigh wave pulse transmission 1r
] The number needs to be increased.

しかし単位時間当たりの発信回数を増やすと発信波と反
射波が交鎖してしまい正常イＴ測定を行イＴうごとがで
きない。However, if the number of transmissions per unit time is increased, the transmitted waves and reflected waves will intersect, making it impossible to perform normal T measurements.

本発明は上記の点を改善ｌノ、ドツプラー流速Ｊ１を使
用して海水の汚濁の拡散状況ヤ）ｍ度測定を行なう、尚
洋汚濁の測定方法を提供することを目的とする。An object of the present invention is to improve the above-mentioned points and provide a method for measuring pollution in the ocean by measuring the diffusion status of pollution in seawater using the Doppler flow velocity J1.

＜　ＩＶ　＞問題点を解決でるだめの手段本発明では超
音波パルスをある時間継続して発信し、その反射波の平
均値を取り、振幅の大きさから汚濁の程１良を、ざらに
発信から反射波の受信までの時間によって汚濁地域の水
深を」り定づる方法である。<IV> Means to solve the problem In the present invention, ultrasonic pulses are continuously transmitted for a certain period of time, the average value of the reflected waves is taken, and the degree of contamination is roughly determined by the amplitude. This method determines the depth of water in a polluted area based on the time it takes for the reflected wave to be received.

〈Ｖ〉実施例 次に本発明の実施例につい−Ｃ説明Ｊる。<V> Example Next, examples of the present invention will be explained.

（イ）測定装置（第１図） 本発明は、第１図に示すように超音波パルスを発信し反
射波を受信する送受波器の端子１を海中に突出した測定
船Ｓによって行なう。(a) Measuring device (FIG. 1) The present invention is carried out using a measuring ship S, as shown in FIG. 1, in which a terminal 1 of a transducer that emits ultrasonic pulses and receives reflected waves protrudes into the sea.

超音波パルスの発信状態の一例としては、５ｍ５（ミリ
セコンド）の超音波パルスを１秒間に一回ずつ３０秒継
続して発信し、その反射波の平均値を取り、その地点の
餡とするような場合が考えられる。As an example of an ultrasonic pulse transmission state, an ultrasonic pulse of 5 m5 (milliseconds) is transmitted once every second for 30 seconds, and the average value of the reflected waves is taken and used as the bean paste at that point. Such a case is possible.

測定船Ｓは測定面域を移動しながら超音波パルスの発情
を行ｔｆい第３図に示Ｊように汚濁分布や淵追を測定記
録づる。The measurement vessel S emits ultrasonic pulses while moving over the measurement surface area, and measures and records the pollution distribution and depth tracking as shown in FIG. 3.

（ロ）受イａ波の説明 第２図は送受波器の端子１から発信した超音波パルスが
、商中のブランクＩ・ンや汚濁層に反身４しながら湖底
に到達し反射して受信された波形である。(b) Explanation of received A-waves Figure 2 shows an ultrasonic pulse transmitted from terminal 1 of the transducer, which bounces off the blank I/n and the pollution layer 4, reaches the bottom of the lake, is reflected, and is received. This is the waveform.

第２図におい１８点は超音波パルスの発信を示Ｊ。In Figure 2, 18 points indicate the transmission of ultrasonic pulses.

ａ点〜ｂ点間は、超音波パルスが稀薄な濃度のプランク
トン等に反射しつつ、一定の濃度の汚濁層Ａに向かって
いる状態を示づ。The period between point a and point b shows a state in which the ultrasonic pulse is reflected by plankton and the like with a dilute concentration and is directed toward a polluted layer A with a constant concentration.

し）点は超音波パルスが汚濁層Ａに到達したことを示Ｊ
−０ このどきの超音波パルスの反射波は濃度の大ぎい汚濁層
Ａからのちのなのて゛（の戊口・１量が多く、その波の
幅ＩＪは稀薄ＣＫ　＋１ｉｆ１度のプランクトン等から
の反射波より大きくなる。) The point indicates that the ultrasonic pulse has reached the contaminant layer A.
-0 The reflected waves of the ultrasonic pulses these days are reflected from the highly concentrated pollutant layer A. Become bigger.

超音波パルスが汚濁層Ａの層を通過すると、再び稀薄な
濃度の部分を通過しくそのときの反射波は第２図にお（
〕るｂ点〜Ｃ点）、海底Ｂに到達しくそのときの反射波
は第２図における０点）反射する。When the ultrasonic pulse passes through the contaminant layer A, it passes through the thinner concentration area again, and the reflected waves at that time are shown in Figure 2 (
] From point b to point C), the reflected waves reach the seabed B and are reflected at point 0 in FIG. 2).

海底Ｂからの反則は一定の温石の汚濁層Δやプランクト
ン等からの反射に比較して格段に強いものであるため、
その反射波の幅Ｐは一番大きいものとなる。Since the fouling from the seabed B is much stronger than the reflection from the polluted layer Δ of warm rocks and plankton, etc.,
The width P of the reflected wave is the largest.

第２図においてＣへ−ａ１の間隔は超音波パルスの発信
停止の状態を示す。In FIG. 2, the interval C-a1 indicates a state in which the transmission of ultrasonic pulses is stopped.

第２図の波形においてａ点からｂ点までの時間を測定す
ることによって汚濁層Ａの水深を割出すことができ、さ
らにｂ点の波形の幅Ｐによってその汚濁の程度を察知す
ることができる。By measuring the time from point a to point b in the waveform shown in Figure 2, the depth of the polluted layer A can be determined, and the degree of pollution can also be determined by the width P of the waveform at point b. .

なお事実十の測定は一定の間隔をおいて、例えば数」−
秒に数十回発信する超音波パルスの反射波の各部の平均
値をその測定値とすることは、上述した通りである。In addition, the fact is that ten measurements are made at regular intervals, e.g.
As described above, the average value of each part of the reflected waves of the ultrasonic pulses emitted several dozen times per second is used as the measured value.

またブランク１〜ン等とは大ぎさの異なる、例えば魚等
から超音波パルスが反射することも考えられる。It is also conceivable that the ultrasonic pulse may be reflected from a fish or the like with a magnitude different from that of the blanks 1 to 1, etc.

しかし魚等は移動してしまうので全体の波形の上で平均
して現れることがないので、測定の際その部分を除外し
て考えることができ測定に支障を来たすことはない。However, since fish and the like move, they do not appear as an average on the overall waveform, so that part can be excluded from measurement and will not interfere with measurement.

＜　Ｖｌ　＞発明の効果 本発明は以上説明したようになるので次のような効果を
期待することがぐぎる。<Vl> Effects of the Invention Since the present invention has been described above, the following effects can be expected.

（イ）超音波パルス発信の間に一定の時間を設（プたこ
とによって発信波と反射波の交錯のおそれが無く正常な
測定を行なうことができる。(b) By setting a certain time between ultrasonic pulse transmissions, normal measurements can be performed without the risk of the transmitted waves and reflected waves intersecting.

（ロ）測定船が移動しながら超音波パルスの発信受信を
行なうので広い範囲の分布状態を杷握することができる
。(b) Since the measurement vessel transmits and receives ultrasonic pulses while moving, it is possible to grasp the distribution state over a wide range.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第１図二本発明の測定方法の説明図 第２図二反射波の波形の説明図 Fig. 1 2 An explanatory diagram of the measurement method of the present invention Fig. 2 Explanatory diagram of the waveform of the second reflected wave

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 海水中に超音波パルスを発信してその反射波に生ずるド
ップラー効果にもとづいて流速を測定するドップラー流
速計を使用し、 超音波を海底に向けて発信し海底反射信号を検出後、 一定時間をおいて次の超音波パルスの発信を行ない、 汚濁層に反射した反射波の波形の幅から汚濁程度を測定
し、 発信点から汚濁層の反射波が発生するまでの時間によっ
て汚濁層の深度を測定することを特徴とする、 海洋汚濁の測定方法[Claims] A Doppler current meter that transmits ultrasonic pulses into seawater and measures current velocity based on the Doppler effect generated in the reflected waves is used, and ultrasonic waves are transmitted towards the seabed and the seabed reflection signal is detected. After detection, the next ultrasonic pulse is emitted after a certain period of time, and the degree of contamination is measured from the width of the waveform of the reflected wave reflected on the polluted layer, and the time from the transmission point to the generation of the reflected wave on the polluted layer is calculated. A method for measuring marine pollution, characterized by measuring the depth of a polluted layer by