JPS61291011A - Apparatus for dehydrating and recovering solid substance of slurry - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To efficiency recover a solid substance having a good dehydration rate within a short time and to simplify the titled apparatus, by obtaining press energy necessary for filtering by using the plus pressure of compressed air and applying contracting and expanding action to filter cloth to increase a filtering speed. CONSTITUTION:When a liquid receiving tank 2, a slurry chamber 6 and a filter cloth cylinder 7 are filler with a raw liquid slurry, the filled state is immediately detected by a pressure switch 9 and a liquid supply valve 4 is closed while a compressed air introducing valve 5 is opened and compressed air is introduced into the upper part of the above mentioned chamber 6 to start filtering work. When the water level in the chamber 6 reaches a level LL, this water level is detected by the pressure switch 9 to immediately open the liquid supply valve 4 and raw water is again introduced into the chamber 6 and a filter cylinder 7. A pressing and filtering cycle is succeeded until the filter cylinder 7 is filled with the solid layer 10 in the filter cylinder 7. During this repeated filtering work, the filter cylinder 7 repeats expansion and contraction under pressure and so called vermicular motion is performed.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 １）　発明の目的 （１）　　産業上の利用分野 有機物、無機物を問わずこれの微粒子（通常５００ミク
ロン以下）を含むスラリーは各種鉱山、工場、土木工事
現場、上水道、下水道、製鉄所、製錬所等沢山あります
。本発明はこれ等スラリー中に含まれる微粒子と水とを
分離し可能な限り少ない水分にまで脱水しつつ微粒子を
回収せんとするものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] 1) Purpose of the Invention (1) Industrial Application Field Slurry containing fine particles (usually 500 microns or less) of organic or inorganic substances can be used in various mines, factories, civil engineering works sites, water supplies, There are many sewers, steel works, smelters, etc. The present invention aims to separate the fine particles and water contained in the slurry and recover the fine particles while dehydrating the slurry to as little water as possible.

（２）　　従来の技術 従来よりスラリーの固液分離には沢山の方法が採用され
ている。(2) Conventional techniques Many methods have been used for solid-liquid separation of slurry.

即ち■　沈降分１（シラフナ） ■　遠心力弁１（デカンターセントリフユージ） ■　真空濾過ｍ＜オーリバーフィルター、ベルトフルタ
ー） ■　加圧濾過機（プレスフィルターベルトプレス） ■の沈降のみによる分離は固形物の脱水が不十分である
。■は遠心力をかけながら濾材を使って固形物を回収す
るものであるがスラリーに少なくとも２０００Ｇ以上の
遠心力をかける必要があるため動力が余計かかる割に脱
水物の水分が高い等のデメリットがある。又■の真空濾
過はバキウムポンプの動力が大であるにかかわらず−７
４０Ｍｌｌ（１程度の真空より達成出来ず吸引力不充分
で脱水物の水分が比較的高い。■の加圧濾過は主として
スラリーを送り込むポンプ側の正圧によって濾布を内蔵
せる濾過室の中にスラリーを圧入し濾過するもので脱水
率もよく現在最もよく使用されている機種であるが、脱
水所要時間が長くかかるデメリットがある。１サイクル
１時間のものから２４時間以上を要するものである。即
ち大きな設備となり処理容量は少ない。Namely, ■ Sedimentation 1 (Shirafuna) ■ Centrifugal force valve 1 (Decanter centrifugation) ■ Vacuum filtration m<Olebar filter, Belt filter) ■ Pressure filtration machine (Press filter belt press) ■ Separation by sedimentation alone is solid. Materials are not sufficiently dehydrated. Method (3) collects solids using a filter medium while applying centrifugal force, but since it is necessary to apply centrifugal force of at least 2000 G to the slurry, there are disadvantages such as the extra power required and the high moisture content of the dehydrated product. be. Also, the vacuum filtration of
40Mll (cannot be achieved below a vacuum of about 1, the suction power is insufficient, and the water content of the dehydrated product is relatively high.) Pressure filtration (■) is mainly carried out by positive pressure on the side of the pump that feeds the slurry into the filtration chamber with a built-in filter cloth. This is a model that presses in slurry and filters it, and has a good dewatering rate and is currently the most commonly used model. However, it has the disadvantage of requiring a long time for dewatering. One cycle can range from one hour to over 24 hours. In other words, the equipment is large and has a small processing capacity.

本発明は濾布を介して濾過をする点では同じであるが主
として圧縮空気のプラス圧を使って濾過に必要な圧搾の
エネルギーとすると共に濾布に収縮膨張作用を与えて濾
過スピードを上げ短い時間で脱水率のよい固形物を能率
よく回収すると共にその装置をいちじるしく簡単にする
ことを主眼にした発明である。The present invention is similar in that it performs filtration through a filter cloth, but it mainly uses the positive pressure of compressed air to provide the squeezing energy necessary for filtration, and also gives the filter cloth a contraction and expansion effect to increase the filtration speed and shorten the time. This invention focuses on efficiently recovering solid materials with good dehydration rate in a short period of time, as well as significantly simplifying the equipment.

（３）　　発明の課題 前にも少しふれた通り本発明の課題は濾過速度を如何に
早く出来るかという点にある。従来の加圧濾過機が濾過
速度がおそい最大の理由は濾布の上に形成された固形物
そのものがフィルムを形作り、これが濾過抵抗となって
ケーキがある厚さに達すると濾過速度が急激に下落し、
脱水性が悪くなることがさけられなかった。それは濾布
とフィルムが濾過サイクルの開始から終りまでじつと静
置状態におかれている為である本発明は前述の通り濾布
を袋状にし濾過作業中何回にもねＩこって加圧側の圧縮
空気の圧力を変えそれに応じて濾布が膨張収縮をくり返
し袋の中に生じた固形物（ケーキという）の形が絞られ
たり開放されたりする事によって粒子相互間の相対位置
を変え水の通路を作り自から内部の水を外部にしぼり出
す作業を行いつつ濾過が行われるので従来の静的濾過と
比較して２〜５＠の濾過速度が得られる事が判明した。(3) Problems of the Invention As mentioned earlier, the problem of the present invention is how to increase the filtration rate. The main reason why the filtration speed of conventional pressure filtration machines is slow is that the solid matter itself formed on the filter cloth forms a film, which acts as filtration resistance, and when the cake reaches a certain thickness, the filtration speed suddenly decreases. fell,
Poor dehydration was unavoidable. This is because the filter cloth and film are kept stationary from the beginning to the end of the filtration cycle.As mentioned above, in the present invention, the filter cloth is shaped into a bag and is repeatedly heated during the filtration process. By changing the pressure of the compressed air on the pressure side, the filter cloth expands and contracts in response, and the shape of the solid matter (called a cake) formed inside the bag is squeezed and released, changing the relative position of the particles. It has been found that since filtration is performed while creating a water passage and squeezing the water inside to the outside, a filtration rate of 2 to 5 @ can be obtained compared to conventional static filtration.

従って従来の加圧濾過機より簡単な装置で大きな容量の
濾過が出来しかも脱水効率も従来のプレスフィルターに
おどらない性能を挙げることが出来る。Therefore, a larger capacity can be filtered with a simpler device than a conventional press filter, and the dewatering efficiency is also superior to that of a conventional press filter.

２）、発明の構成 （１）　　課題を解決するための手段 濾過を行う濾布の形状を縦型の袋状とし袋の下部にはバ
ルブを設は圧縮空気による自動開閉出来るようにし上か
らスラリーをチャージし満になった時チャージを止めて
上から圧縮空気により加圧する。この際濾布外側には弾
性を有する変形可能な保護枠（例えば網又はひもで作る
）があり、内部からの加圧に耐えつつ若干の変形膨張を
許す構成とする。従って圧気による加圧がなくなれば濾
布は縮み袋内部のケーキはしぼられ脱水が促進される。2), Structure of the Invention (1) Means for Solving the Problem The filter cloth for filtration is shaped like a vertical bag, and a valve is installed at the bottom of the bag so that it can be opened and closed automatically by compressed air, and the slurry is poured from above. When it is full, stop charging and pressurize with compressed air from above. At this time, there is an elastic and deformable protective frame (for example, made of net or string) on the outside of the filter cloth, which is configured to withstand pressure from the inside and allow some deformation and expansion. Therefore, when the air pressure is removed, the filter cloth shrinks and the cake inside the bag is squeezed out, promoting dehydration.

この様な膨張と収縮の繰返しを行いながら加圧脱水を自
動的に進めることによって小さな装置で短時間に大容量
の固形物を脱水回収処理出来るようにしたものである。By automatically proceeding with pressurized dehydration while repeating such expansion and contraction, it is possible to dehydrate and recover a large amount of solid matter in a short time using a small device.

（２）　　作用 以上の如き構成のもとて上部から濃度のうすいスラリー
が供給され圧気加圧されれば水は濾布を通じて外部に瀘
出し水位は下がり一方濾布の中に固形物のケーキが貯ま
る。水位が下がり濾布の所まで下ると濾布の目を・通し
て圧気が外気に短絡し圧気による加圧力はなくなる。こ
れを検知してくり返すことによって前述の濾布とケーキ
に膨張収縮作用を具えつつ加圧濾過を進めることが出来
る。(2) Function With the above structure, when a slurry with a low concentration is supplied from the upper part and pressurized with air, the water is filtered out through the filter cloth and the water level decreases, while a cake of solids is formed inside the filter cloth. Save. When the water level falls and reaches the filter cloth, the air is short-circuited to the outside air through the holes in the filter cloth, and the pressure from the air is no longer applied. By detecting this and repeating it, pressure filtration can proceed while providing the above-mentioned expansion and contraction effect to the filter cloth and cake.

（３）□　実施例 本発明の実施例を第′１図に示す。(3)□　Example An embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure '1.

本発明は図に示す如き垂直筒（円筒又は角筒）内におけ
るスラリーの脱水（又は脱液）に関するものである。即
ち固形物濃度の低い原液スラリーを上部で受は入れ、中
間部で濾布を介し圧搾濾過を行い、下部において濃縮さ
れた固形物ケーキを排出する垂直７日−の脱水機の構造
とその運転サイクルについて従来のスラリー脱水機圧搾
機にな□い新しい機構とその運転サイクルを提供するも
のである。The present invention relates to the dehydration (or dewatering) of slurry in a vertical tube (cylindrical or rectangular tube) as shown in the figure. That is, the structure and operation of a vertical 7-day dewatering machine that receives a raw slurry with a low solids concentration in the upper part, performs compression filtration through a filter cloth in the middle part, and discharges a concentrated solid cake in the lower part. Regarding the cycle, it provides a new mechanism and its operation cycle that are different from conventional slurry dewatering and compressing machines.

以下その詳細を説明する。The details will be explained below.

先づ原液スラリーはフィード管１を通り受液タンク２内
にフィードされる（受入部と称する。）。First, the stock slurry is fed into a liquid receiving tank 2 through a feed pipe 1 (referred to as a receiving section).

タンク２の底部には給液弁４が設けられ、弁の開閉によ
り原液を図示の圧搾濾過部へ導入又は停止出来る構造と
なっている。この圧搾濾過部は図示の如くスラリーチャ
ンバー６と濾布筒７と濾水室８によって構成され、この
部分に上から汁気導入弁５と圧力スイッチ９と濾液排出
管１１とが具備されている。又下部にはケーキ排出弁１
２とこの弁体を操作するエヤー弁１３が取（１１−Ｊら
れている。A liquid supply valve 4 is provided at the bottom of the tank 2, and has a structure in which the raw liquid can be introduced into or stopped from the illustrated compressed filtration section by opening and closing the valve. As shown in the figure, this compressed filtration section is composed of a slurry chamber 6, a filter cloth tube 7, and a filtration chamber 8, and this section is equipped with a juice introduction valve 5, a pressure switch 9, and a filtrate discharge pipe 11 from above. . There is also a cake discharge valve 1 at the bottom.
2 and an air valve 13 for operating this valve body (11-J).

本実施例では上部にある給液弁４はくさび形弁、下部に
あるケーキ排出弁はダイヤフラム弁を図示しているが、
これは他の型例えばボール弁或は刃型開閉弁でも差支え
ない。In this embodiment, the liquid supply valve 4 at the top is a wedge-shaped valve, and the cake discharge valve at the bottom is a diaphragm valve.
This can also be of other types, such as a ball valve or a blade type shut-off valve.

又濾布筒の外側には濾過圧搾中濾布にかかる張力を補強
する目的で伸縮性のあるゴム製（又は其他の弾性材料）
の保護筒１５が取付けられている。Also, the outside of the filter cloth cylinder is made of stretchable rubber (or other elastic material) for the purpose of reinforcing the tension applied to the filter cloth during filtration and compression.
A protection tube 15 is attached.

この保護筒１５は図示の如く濾過作業中内部からの圧力
で外側に膨張し、又内部圧力がなくなるともとの形に復
元する運動を繰返すので濾布筒に蠕動運動を与える重要
な役目を果すものである。As shown in the figure, this protective tube 15 expands outward due to internal pressure during filtration work, and when the internal pressure is removed, it repeats the movement of restoring to its original shape, thus playing an important role in imparting peristaltic movement to the filter cloth tube. It is something.

次に本機の運転サイクルを説明する。Next, the operating cycle of this machine will be explained.

先づケーキ排出弁１２は閉、給液弁４は開の状態で原液
スラリーが受液タンク２及びスラリーチャンバー６、濾
布筒７の中に充満されます。これは直ちに圧力スイッチ
９により検知され給液弁４はその信号を受けて閉となり
同時に圧気導入弁５が開となり圧縮空気がスラリーチャ
ンバーの上部に導入されスラリー水面に高い圧力が作用
するため濾過作業が始まり、液は濾布によってこされ濾
液室８を通り濾液排出管１１から外部へ排出されます。First, with the cake discharge valve 12 closed and the liquid supply valve 4 open, the liquid receiving tank 2, slurry chamber 6, and filter cloth tube 7 are filled with the raw slurry. This is immediately detected by the pressure switch 9, and the liquid supply valve 4 receives that signal and closes. At the same time, the pressure air introduction valve 5 opens, compressed air is introduced into the upper part of the slurry chamber, and high pressure acts on the slurry water surface, which allows the filtration work to be carried out. begins, and the liquid is filtered through the filter cloth, passes through the filtrate chamber 8, and is discharged to the outside from the filtrate discharge pipe 11.

一方円形微粒子は濾布筒７の内部に貯る。On the other hand, the circular fine particles accumulate inside the filter cloth cylinder 7.

チャンバー６内の水位が図示ＬＬのレベルに達すると圧
縮空気は濾布を通じ濾液室８内の大気圧に短絡するので
、これを圧力スイッチ９により検知し直ちに給液弁４が
開となり、再び原水がスラリーチャンバー６と濾布筒７
の中に導入され前記の圧搾濾過サイクルが全く自動的に
何回も繰返され一過筒内の固形物層１ｏはどんどん童を
増し、遂に濾過筒に充満されるまでこの運転サイクルは
続けられる。この繰返し濾過作業中濾布筒は圧力により
膨張と収縮を繰返しいわゆる蠕動運動が行われる。When the water level in the chamber 6 reaches the level LL shown in the figure, the compressed air passes through the filter cloth and is short-circuited to the atmospheric pressure in the filtrate chamber 8. This is detected by the pressure switch 9, and the liquid supply valve 4 is immediately opened, causing the raw water to flow again. are slurry chamber 6 and filter cloth tube 7
The above-mentioned compression filtration cycle is repeated many times completely automatically, and the solid layer 1o in the filtration cylinder becomes thicker and thicker, and this operation cycle continues until the filtration cylinder is finally filled. During this repeated filtration operation, the filter cloth tube repeatedly expands and contracts due to pressure, resulting in so-called peristaltic motion.

従来の濾過機である真空フィルタープレスフィルター其
他の圧搾濾過機ではその殆んどが出来た固形物層は濾過
作業中は静的状態に保持されるが、本機においては濾布
筒が膨張収縮を繰返しそのために出来た固形物層に何回
も絞り運動を与えるので、従来の静的濾過ではなく動的
濾過作業となるため脱水（脱液）スピードも早く高能率
脱水が可能である。In conventional filtration machines such as vacuum filter press filters and other press filtration machines, most of the solid layer formed is kept in a static state during filtration, but in this machine, the filter cloth tube expands and contracts. This process is repeated and the resulting solid layer is subjected to squeezing motion many times, resulting in dynamic filtration rather than conventional static filtration, resulting in faster dewatering (deliquid removal) and highly efficient dewatering.

かくして濾過筒内に固形物層（ケーキ）が充満すると圧
縮空気が外気に短絡しなくなる。つまりケーキが１１一
層より上部まで形成されるので圧力スイッチ９の示ず空
気圧力は当然上昇しますのでこの点の圧力を予め設定し
ておけばその点に達した時点を検知出来るのでその信号
によりエヤー弁１３を操作してケーキ排出弁１２を開に
する。この時スラリーチャンバー６の中に′はスラリー
は無く圧縮空気が最高の圧力を保持しておるのでその圧
力によりケーキ１４は瞬時に押出されて外部に向って落
下する。ケーキ排出が完了ずればスラリーチャンバー６
内の圧力が大気圧になり、それを検知してエヤー弁１３
を操作してケーキ排出弁１２を閉じ、１つの濾過サイク
ルを終るが、続いて直ちに給液弁４を開は原水を導入す
れば次のサイクルにつながるので全く自動的に一ト記サ
イクルを繰返し圧搾螺動濾過作業を続行することが出来
る。Thus, when the filter cylinder is filled with a solid layer (cake), the compressed air is no longer short-circuited to the outside air. In other words, as the cake is formed from layer 11 to the top, the air pressure will naturally increase even if the pressure switch 9 does not indicate it.If you set the pressure at this point in advance, you can detect when that point is reached, and use that signal. Operate the air valve 13 to open the cake discharge valve 12. At this time, since there is no slurry in the slurry chamber 6 and the compressed air maintains the highest pressure, the cake 14 is instantly pushed out by the pressure and falls to the outside. If the cake discharge is not completed, the slurry chamber 6
When the internal pressure becomes atmospheric pressure, it is detected and the air valve 13
Close the cake discharge valve 12 to complete one filtration cycle, but then immediately open the liquid supply valve 4 to introduce raw water, which will lead to the next cycle and repeat the cycle completely automatically. Pressure screw filtration work can be continued.

以上本発明の実施例の１つを説明しましたが本機の処理
容量を上げ大量処理を可能とするためには第２図に示す
如く共通の受液タンク２を１つ持ち給液弁４から保護筒
１５までを多筒式構造とすれば大容量のスラリーを処理
することが可能である。これは恰も空気中のダストを回
収するバッグフィルターにおいて容量を増加するためバ
ッグの本数を増加するのと同じである。One of the embodiments of the present invention has been described above, but in order to increase the processing capacity of this machine and enable large-scale processing, it is necessary to have one common liquid receiving tank 2 and a liquid supply valve 4 as shown in Fig. 2. If a multi-tube structure is used from to the protection tube 15, it is possible to process a large volume of slurry. This is similar to increasing the number of bags in a bag filter that collects dust from the air in order to increase the capacity.

又濾布の目づまりを周期的に掃除するため第１図に示し
た如く遮断弁１６と圧力水弁１７を設け、濾布の逆洗を
行うため通常の濾過奢ナイクルを中断し遮断弁１６を開
いて圧力水弁１７を開いて逆洗水を濾過室８内部に注水
し通常の通水方向と逆の方向より圧力水を注入しこれを
上部又は別の排水孔に抜くようにすれば他の濾過機と同
様必要な逆洗装置を具備することが出来る。In addition, in order to periodically clean the clogged filter cloth, a shutoff valve 16 and a pressure water valve 17 are provided as shown in FIG. Open the pressure water valve 17 to inject backwash water into the filtration chamber 8, inject pressure water from the opposite direction to the normal water flow direction, and drain it to the upper part or another drainage hole. It can be equipped with the necessary backwashing equipment as well as the filter.

３）発明の効果 上記実施例に示す通り本発明の構造は簡単である。濾過
スピードが早いので同じ濾過面積で従来の２〜５倍の固
形物の脱水回収が可能であり、又設置面積も少なく効率
的で経済的フィルターを提供することが出来る。3) Effects of the Invention As shown in the above embodiments, the structure of the present invention is simple. Since the filtration speed is fast, it is possible to dehydrate and recover 2 to 5 times more solids than conventional methods with the same filtration area, and the installation area is small, making it possible to provide an efficient and economical filter.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図は本発明の脱水回収装置の縦断面略図、第２図は
本発明の別の実施例の縦断面略図である。 １・・・フィード管、２・・・受液タンク、３・・・オ
ーバフロー、４・・・給液弁、５・・・圧気導入弁、６
・・・スラリーチャンバー、７・・・濾布筒、８・・・
濾過室、９・・・圧力スイッチ、１０・・・固形物層、
１１・・・濾液排出管、１２・・・ケーキ排出弁、１３
・・・エヤー弁、１４・・・ケーキ、１５・・・保護筒
、１６・・・遮断弁、１７・・・圧力水弁。FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a dewatering and recovery apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention. 1...Feed pipe, 2...Liquid receiving tank, 3...Overflow, 4...Liquid supply valve, 5...Pressure air introduction valve, 6
...Slurry chamber, 7...Filter cloth tube, 8...
Filtration chamber, 9...pressure switch, 10...solid layer,
11...Filtrate discharge pipe, 12...Cake discharge valve, 13
...Air valve, 14...Cake, 15...Protection tube, 16...Shutoff valve, 17...Pressure water valve.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 微粒固形物と液体の混合物であるスラリーを濾過、圧搾
して固形物を脱液して回収する装置において、垂直円筒
の上から受液タンク、給液弁、スラリーチャンバー、濾
布筒、固形物排出弁を順次配列し、前記スラリーチャン
バー内上部に圧縮空気を導入できる弁を設けると共に前
記濾布筒の外側より濾過液を外部へ自然排出する管を設
けてスラリーを濾過圧搾出来る構造とし、前記スラリー
チャンバー内の圧力を検出しその信号により濾布筒内に
充満された固形物ケーキの形成程度を検知すると共にケ
ーキ排出弁を開き前記スラリーチャンバー内の圧力を利
用してケーキを排出する濾過サイクルを備え、前記濾布
筒の外側を弾性体で巻き濾過作業中濾布筒に膨張収縮を
くりかえす蠕動運動を与えることを特徴とする固形物脱
水装置。In a device for filtering and squeezing slurry, which is a mixture of fine solids and liquid, to remove the liquid and recover the solids, a liquid receiving tank, a liquid supply valve, a slurry chamber, a filter cloth cylinder, and a solid substance are shown from the top of a vertical cylinder. A structure is constructed in which the slurry can be filtered and compressed by arranging discharge valves in sequence, providing a valve for introducing compressed air into the upper part of the slurry chamber, and providing a pipe for naturally discharging the filtrate from the outside of the filter cloth cylinder to the outside. A filtration cycle in which the pressure inside the slurry chamber is detected and the degree of formation of a solid cake filled in the filter cloth cylinder is detected based on the signal, and the cake discharge valve is opened to discharge the cake using the pressure inside the slurry chamber. A solid matter dewatering device comprising: an elastic body wrapped around the outside of the filter cloth tube to impart a peristaltic movement of repeated expansion and contraction to the filter cloth tube during filtration work.