JPS6123066B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6123066B2 JPS6123066B2 JP5722881A JP5722881A JPS6123066B2 JP S6123066 B2 JPS6123066 B2 JP S6123066B2 JP 5722881 A JP5722881 A JP 5722881A JP 5722881 A JP5722881 A JP 5722881A JP S6123066 B2 JPS6123066 B2 JP S6123066B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- welding
- welded
- welding machine
- tig
- plasma
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/10—Other electric circuits therefor; Protective circuits; Remote controls
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は板厚を周期的に変化させた金属材料或
いは周期的に表面に凸凹模様を附した金属材料の
自動溶接方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an automatic welding method for a metal material whose plate thickness is periodically changed or a metal material whose surface is periodically patterned.
板厚が変化する金属材料を溶接する場合、板厚
の厚い部分は入熱不足のため、溶接ビードの幅が
狭くなりやすく、逆に板厚の薄い部分は入熱過剰
のため、溶接ビードの幅が広くなりやすいため、
均一な溶接を自動で行わせることは難しいものと
されていた。また、表面に凸凹模様をつけた板材
の溶接を行なう場合においても、平滑部分の板厚
T1に対し、板材の凹溝をつけられた部分と凸溝
をつけられた部分では、第１図に示すように実質
板厚T2が異なるため、それぞれの部分ごとに入
熱量を制御してやらなければ均一な溶接結果を得
ることは困難である。 When welding metal materials with varying plate thicknesses, thicker parts tend to have a narrower weld bead due to insufficient heat input, while thinner parts tend to have a narrower weld bead due to excess heat input. Because the width tends to be wide,
It has been considered difficult to automatically perform uniform welding. Also, when welding plate materials with uneven patterns on the surface, the thickness of the smooth part
In contrast to T 1 , the actual plate thickness T 2 is different between the concave grooved part and the convex grooved part of the plate material, as shown in Figure 1, so it is necessary to control the amount of heat input for each part. Otherwise, it is difficult to obtain uniform welding results.
従来、電子ビーム溶接において、被溶接金属材
料の板厚を検知してその変化に応じて該電子ビー
ム溶接の加熱強度を自動制御する溶接方法が、英
国特許第1360621号明細書に示されている。 Conventionally, in electron beam welding, British Patent No. 1360621 discloses a welding method in which the plate thickness of the metal material to be welded is detected and the heating intensity of the electron beam welding is automatically controlled according to the change. .
ところが、電子ビーム溶接は真空中で行なわれ
るものであるため、その装置並びに操作が複雑と
なるのみならず、連続板材の溶接には不向である
等の種々の問題点がある。 However, since electron beam welding is performed in a vacuum, it not only requires complicated equipment and operation, but also has various problems such as being unsuitable for welding continuous plates.
従つて、本発明者等は下記に説明するように、
TIG溶接又はプラズマ溶接を用いる方法につき
種々研究実験を行つた。 Therefore, the inventors, as explained below,
Various research experiments were conducted on methods using TIG welding or plasma welding.
１〜数本のTIGトーチを溶接予定線上に並べ、
全部又は一部のTIGトーチの電流を制御すること
は公知の方法である。しかし、この方法では、周
期的に実質板厚が急激に変化する金属材料に対し
均一な溶接結果を得ることはできない。なんとな
れば、TIG溶接においては、タングステン電極は
アークが定常的に発生している状態では熱陰極と
してアークを安定に維持するが、始動的には、タ
ングステン電極が加熱されるまでは冷陰極特性を
示すため、アークが不安定となる。そのためアー
クのON・OFFを精密にくり返す制御には不向き
である。又、ON・OFFせずに電流の大小で制御
する場合にも、TIGトーチは小電流範囲において
アークが安定しないので、良好な制御電流が得ら
れない。 Line up one or several TIG torches on the welding planned line,
It is a known method to control the current of all or some TIG torches. However, with this method, it is not possible to obtain uniform welding results for metal materials whose actual plate thickness periodically changes rapidly. In TIG welding, the tungsten electrode acts as a hot cathode and maintains the arc stably when the arc is constantly generated, but during startup, the tungsten electrode has cold cathode characteristics until it is heated. The arc becomes unstable. Therefore, it is not suitable for control that precisely repeats ON/OFF of the arc. Furthermore, even when controlling by the magnitude of the current without turning it on or off, a good control current cannot be obtained because the arc of the TIG torch is not stable in the small current range.
一方プラズマ溶接では、高周波電流によりパイ
ロツトアークを常時点弧しておき、パイロツトア
ークと被溶接材である母材の間にプラズマアーク
を噴射させるため、アークの精密なON・OFF制
御ができる。 In plasma welding, on the other hand, a pilot arc is constantly ignited using a high-frequency current, and the plasma arc is injected between the pilot arc and the base metal to be welded, allowing precise ON/OFF control of the arc.
さらにプラズマ溶接ではTIG溶接に比べ、入熱
密度が大きいため、実質厚さの厚い部分の加熱に
適している。又、プラズマジエツトによれば突合
せ開先は第２図のように開先の隙間を通じて十分
に加熱される。これに対し、TIG溶接の場合は第
３図のように開先の一部のみの加熱となりやす
い。 Furthermore, plasma welding has a higher heat input density than TIG welding, so it is suitable for heating thick parts. Furthermore, according to the plasma jet, the butt grooves are sufficiently heated through the gap between the grooves as shown in FIG. On the other hand, in the case of TIG welding, only a portion of the groove is likely to be heated, as shown in Figure 3.
しかし、プラズマ溶接機の設備費はTIG溶接機
に比して遥かに高価である。そこで、本発明者等
はプラズマ溶接機とTIG溶接機を併用する溶接方
法を開発した。 However, the equipment costs for plasma welding machines are much higher than those for TIG welding machines. Therefore, the present inventors developed a welding method that uses both a plasma welder and a TIG welder.
すなわち、本発明は、以上の点に鑑みてなした
もので、プラズマ溶接とTIG溶接を併用した比較
的簡単な方法により、被溶接金属材料の実質的板
厚の変化に対応して均一な溶接を連続して行うこ
との出来る溶接方法を提供することを目的とす
る。 That is, the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and uses a relatively simple method that combines plasma welding and TIG welding to achieve uniform welding in response to substantial changes in the thickness of the metal material to be welded. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a welding method that allows continuous welding.
上記の目的を達成するための本発明の溶接方法
による溶接用加熱は、被溶接材の溶接予定線上に
直列に配設されたプラズマ溶接機とTIG溶接機に
より行われており、上記各溶接機は、被溶接材が
まずプラズマ溶接機で加熱され、次にTIG溶接機
で加熱されるように配置し、TIG溶接機の電流は
一定に保持しておき、プラズマ溶接機の電流だけ
を実質板厚の変化に連動して制御することを特徴
としている。 Heating for welding according to the welding method of the present invention to achieve the above object is performed by a plasma welder and a TIG welder that are arranged in series on the welding line of the material to be welded. In this method, the material to be welded is first heated by a plasma welding machine and then heated by a TIG welding machine, the current of the TIG welding machine is kept constant, and only the current of the plasma welding machine is applied to the actual plate. It is characterized by control in conjunction with changes in thickness.
次に、本発明の一実施例を図面について説明す
る。 Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
第２図は本発明に用いられるプラズマ溶接機１
の要部断面図であり、第３図は同TIG溶接機２の
要部断面図である。第２図に示すプラズマ溶接機
１は、タングステン電極よりなる陰極３の外周
に、冷却水路が形成されている拘束ノズル４が設
けられ、この拘束ノズル４のさらに外周に保護ガ
スノズル５が設けられた構成とされており、上記
陰極３と上記拘束ノズル４との間から動作ガスと
してのアルゴンガスArが供給され、拘束ノズル
４と保護ガスノズル５との間から保護ガスとして
のヘリウムガスHeが供給されている。さらに、
上記拘束ノズル４と被溶接材６には陰極３に対応
するプラス電位が加えられている。 Figure 2 shows plasma welding machine 1 used in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the main parts of the TIG welding machine 2. In the plasma welding machine 1 shown in FIG. 2, a restrained nozzle 4 in which a cooling channel is formed is provided on the outer periphery of a cathode 3 made of a tungsten electrode, and a protective gas nozzle 5 is further provided on the outer periphery of this restrained nozzle 4. Argon gas Ar is supplied as an operating gas from between the cathode 3 and the restraint nozzle 4, and helium gas He is supplied as a protective gas from between the restraint nozzle 4 and the protective gas nozzle 5. ing. moreover,
A positive potential corresponding to the cathode 3 is applied to the constrained nozzle 4 and the workpiece 6 .
一方、第３図に示すTIG溶接機２は、タングス
テン電極よりなる陰極３の外周に、ガスノズル７
が設けられた構成とされており、その陰極３とガ
スノズル７との間から動作ガスとしてのアルゴン
ガスArが供給され、陰極３に対応するプラス電
位は被溶接材６のみに加えられている。 On the other hand, the TIG welding machine 2 shown in FIG.
Argon gas Ar is supplied as a working gas from between the cathode 3 and the gas nozzle 7, and the positive potential corresponding to the cathode 3 is applied only to the material to be welded 6.
しかして、上記各溶接機１，２は第６図に示す
ように、被溶接機６の溶接予定線上に直列に近接
して配設されており、プラズマ溶接機１は被溶接
材６の流れ方向における上流側に、TIG溶接機２
は下流側に設置されている。さらに、上記プラズ
マ溶接機１の上流側には第４図に示す超音波厚み
計８もしくは第５図に示す光電変換装置９が設け
られている。この光電変換装置９は投光器９ａと
光電管受光部９ｂとで構成されており、投光器９
ａから発せられて被溶接材６の面で反射された光
は、被溶接材６が平滑面の時は受光せず、凸凹模
様の面で散乱された光が受光されるように、その
投光器９ａと受光器９ｂとの位置関係及び取付角
度が設定されている。 As shown in FIG. 6, the welding machines 1 and 2 are arranged close to each other in series on the welding line of the machine to be welded 6, and the plasma welding machine 1 is connected to the flow of the material to be welded 6. On the upstream side in the direction, TIG welding machine 2
is installed on the downstream side. Further, on the upstream side of the plasma welding machine 1, an ultrasonic thickness gauge 8 shown in FIG. 4 or a photoelectric conversion device 9 shown in FIG. 5 is provided. This photoelectric conversion device 9 is composed of a light emitter 9a and a phototube light receiving section 9b.
The light emitted from a and reflected by the surface of the material to be welded 6 is not received when the material to be welded 6 is a smooth surface, but the light that is scattered by the surface with an uneven pattern is received by the projector. The positional relationship and mounting angle between the light receiver 9a and the light receiver 9b are set.
上記超音波厚み計８若しくは光電変換装置９に
より、第５図に示すような検出信号Ｓが得られ、
この検出信号により、プラズマ溶接機１における
陰極３と被溶接材６との間に加えられる電流が
ON・OFF操作されるのであるが、上記プラズマ
溶接機１と、超音波厚み計８もしくは光電変換装
置９とが、互いに隔れた箇所に配置される場合
は、遅延回路あるいはメモリーカウンターによれ
回路を用いることにより、検出位置と操作位置と
のズレが補正されることになる。従つて、第６図
に示すように、溶接電流は被溶接材６との例え厚
さ変化に一致した状態となる。 A detection signal S as shown in FIG. 5 is obtained by the ultrasonic thickness gauge 8 or the photoelectric conversion device 9,
Based on this detection signal, the current applied between the cathode 3 and the workpiece 6 in the plasma welding machine 1 is
The ON/OFF operation is performed, but if the plasma welding machine 1 and the ultrasonic thickness gauge 8 or the photoelectric conversion device 9 are located at separate locations, the circuit may be turned off by a delay circuit or a memory counter. By using this, the deviation between the detected position and the operating position is corrected. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the welding current matches the change in thickness of the material 6 to be welded.
なお、上記実施例においては、TIG溶接機２に
は一定電流を流しておき、実質板厚の厚い部分に
だけTIG溶接機２の前に、すなわち被溶接材６の
流れにおける上流側に設置したプラズマ溶接機１
による加熱を施す。従つて、プラズマ溶接機１は
原則としてON・OFF制御で作動されるが、プラ
ズマ溶接機１のベース電流は必ずゼロでなければ
ならないわけではない。すなわち、プラズマ溶接
機は電流を大小に切りかえる制御によつて作動さ
せてもよい。 In the above embodiment, a constant current was passed through the TIG welding machine 2, and the TIG welding machine 2 was installed only in the thick part of the plate, that is, in front of the TIG welding machine 2, that is, on the upstream side of the flow of the material to be welded 6. Plasma welding machine 1
Heating is performed by Therefore, although the plasma welding machine 1 is operated under ON/OFF control in principle, the base current of the plasma welding machine 1 does not necessarily have to be zero. That is, the plasma welding machine may be operated by controlling the current to be switched between high and low levels.
また、本発明の実施例においては、プラズマ溶
接機２をTIG溶接機１の前方に設置されている。
従つて、プラズマ溶接機１がONの状態において
は、まずプラズマ溶接機１による入熱によつて被
溶接機６は十分に深部に達する予熱を受け、次い
でTIG溶接機２による加熱で溶融される。被溶接
材６の面は図示の如き平面のみならず曲面でも良
く、又、その面上の周期的変化とは、変化が一回
だけの場合も包含する。 Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the plasma welding machine 2 is installed in front of the TIG welding machine 1.
Therefore, when the plasma welding machine 1 is in the ON state, the welding machine 6 is first preheated sufficiently deep by the heat input by the plasma welding machine 1, and then is melted by the heating by the TIG welding machine 2. . The surface of the material to be welded 6 may be not only a flat surface as shown in the figure but also a curved surface, and periodic changes on the surface also include cases where the change occurs only once.
以上により、板厚を周期的に変化させた金属材
料或いは周期的に表面に凸凹模様を附した金属材
料を均一に自動溶接するため高能率且つ経済的な
方法を確立したものであり、すなわち、本発明に
よれば、溶接用加熱をプラズマ溶接機とTIG溶接
機との併用により行なわせるとともに、プラズマ
溶接機の電流だけを被溶接材の実質板厚の変化に
連動して制御するようにしたので、溶接機全体の
コストをそれほど増加させることはなく、確実で
均一な自動制御による溶接結果を得ることができ
る効果がある。 As described above, a highly efficient and economical method has been established for uniformly and automatically welding metal materials whose plate thicknesses are periodically changed or metal materials whose surfaces are periodically patterned. According to the present invention, heating for welding is performed by using a plasma welder and a TIG welder together, and only the current of the plasma welder is controlled in conjunction with changes in the actual plate thickness of the material to be welded. Therefore, the cost of the entire welding machine does not increase significantly, and it is possible to obtain reliable and uniform welding results through automatic control.
本発明の溶接方法が適用される被溶接金属の種
類については特に限定しないが、ステンレス、銅
合金、或いはチタン、ジルコニウム、ニツケルも
しくはそれらの合金、或いはその他の金属又は合
金の溶接に最適であり、各種装置、構造物又はそ
れらの部品もしくは部材の製作に実用される。 There are no particular limitations on the type of metal to be welded to which the welding method of the present invention is applied, but it is most suitable for welding stainless steel, copper alloys, titanium, zirconium, nickel or their alloys, or other metals or alloys, It is used in the production of various devices, structures, and their parts.
第１図イ，ロ，ハ，ニ，ホは本発明の使用対象
となる被溶接材を示す要部断面図及び斜視図、第
２図は本発明の実施例に用いられるプラズマ溶接
機の要部断面図、第３図は同TIG溶接機の要部断
面図、第４図は被溶接材と超音波厚み計との関係
を示す説明図、第５図は被溶接材と光電変換装置
との関係を示す説明図、第６図はプラズマ溶接
機・TIG溶接機と被溶接材との関係及び溶接電流
との関係を示す説明図である。
１……プラズマ溶接機、２……TIG溶接機、６
……被溶接材、８……超音波厚み計、９……光電
変換装置。
Figures 1 A, B, C, D, and H are sectional views and perspective views of the main parts of materials to be welded to which the present invention can be used, and Figure 2 is a main part of a plasma welding machine used in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the main parts of the TIG welding machine, Figure 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the material to be welded and the ultrasonic thickness gauge, and Figure 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the material to be welded and the photoelectric conversion device. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the plasma welding machine/TIG welding machine and the workpiece and the welding current. 1...Plasma welding machine, 2...TIG welding machine, 6
... Material to be welded, 8 ... Ultrasonic thickness gauge, 9 ... Photoelectric conversion device.
Claims (1)
凹模様を附した金属材料よりなる被溶接材の前記
板厚或いは表面凸凹模様の少なくともいずれか一
方を検知し、前記板厚変化或いは表面凸凹模様の
少なくともいずれか一方に伴う実質板厚の変化に
連動して溶接用加熱の強度を自動制御する溶接方
法において、前記溶接用加熱は、被溶接材の溶接
予定線上に直列に配設されたプラズマ溶接機と
TIG溶接機により行われており、上記各溶接機
は、被溶接材がまずプラズマ溶接機で加熱され、
次にTIG溶接機で加熱されるように配置し、TIG
溶接機の電流は一定に保持しておき、プラズマ溶
接機の電流だけを実質板厚の変化に連動して制御
することを特徴とする溶接方法。 ２ 前記被溶接材の表面凸凹模様の検知方法は、
被溶接材の表面を光線によつて照射し、該表面で
反射する光線の強さを光電変換装置で検知する方
法が用いられている特許請求の範囲第１項記載の
溶接方法。[Scope of Claims] 1. Detecting at least one of the plate thickness or the surface uneven pattern of a material to be welded made of a metal material with a changed plate thickness or a metal material with an uneven pattern on the surface, In a welding method in which the intensity of welding heating is automatically controlled in conjunction with a change in the actual plate thickness due to at least one of a thickness change and a surface unevenness pattern, the welding heating is arranged in series on a welding line of the material to be welded. Plasma welding machine installed in
TIG welding is performed using a TIG welding machine, and in each of the above welding machines, the material to be welded is first heated with a plasma welding machine,
Then place it to be heated by the TIG welder and TIG
A welding method characterized by keeping the current of the welding machine constant and controlling only the current of the plasma welding machine in conjunction with changes in the actual plate thickness. 2. The method for detecting the uneven pattern on the surface of the material to be welded is as follows:
2. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein a method is used in which the surface of the material to be welded is irradiated with a light beam and the intensity of the light beam reflected from the surface is detected by a photoelectric conversion device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5722881A JPS57171586A (en) | 1981-04-17 | 1981-04-17 | Welding method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5722881A JPS57171586A (en) | 1981-04-17 | 1981-04-17 | Welding method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS57171586A JPS57171586A (en) | 1982-10-22 |
| JPS6123066B2 true JPS6123066B2 (en) | 1986-06-04 |
Family
ID=13049663
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5722881A Granted JPS57171586A (en) | 1981-04-17 | 1981-04-17 | Welding method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57171586A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2920681B1 (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2009-12-04 | Snecma | USE OF AN ACTING FLOW FOR TIG WELDING OF METAL PARTS |
| JP5882773B2 (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2016-03-09 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Single-sided welding apparatus, program used for single-sided welding apparatus, and single-sided welding method |
-
1981
- 1981-04-17 JP JP5722881A patent/JPS57171586A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS57171586A (en) | 1982-10-22 |
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