JPS61205400A - Method for controlling fluid flow - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable to control a flow of fluid by making ultrasonic waves act on a pipe, in which the fluid flows, thereby generating a surface progressive wave on the internal surface of the pipe. CONSTITUTION:A pipe body 1 is formed with an elastic body. A plurality of ultrasonic piezoelectric transducers E and E are attached radially on the periphery of this pipe body 1 toward the center of the pipe body 1. When drived, these ultrasonic piezoelectric transducers E and E generate surface progressive waves consisting of a ultrasonic longitudinal wave and a transverse wave on the internal surface of the pipe body 1. A flow of the fluid can be controlled by bringing the direction of the surface progressive wave either in accordance with or in opposition to that of the flow of the fluid in the pipe body 1.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は超音波の表明進行弾性波を利用して流体の流れ
を制御する方法に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method of controlling fluid flow using an ultrasonic traveling elastic wave.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

従来、液体等の流体め輸送や油圧シリンダに圧油を送る
場合、管を用いることはよく知られているが、この場合
の輸送手段は圧力をかけて圧送するのが通常であり、流
体の流速を制御しようとする場合は、前記の圧力を加減
する以外に方法はなかった。Conventionally, it is well known that pipes are used to transport fluids such as liquids or to send pressure oil to hydraulic cylinders. If one wanted to control the flow rate, there was no other way than to adjust the pressure.

〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

而して、液体を輸送する場合、その液体が粘性の低いも
のであれば、前記の圧送手段により極めて容易に輸送す
ることが出来るが、液体の粘性が高いと、発送元に強大
な圧力をかけても、その圧力が液体の粘性抵抗或は流体
抵抗に吸収されて末端の液体には強大な圧力が及ばない
ことが多いので、末端で所要の圧力を得るためには、発
送元で　゛極めて大きな圧力を該液体にかけなければな
らず。When transporting a liquid, if the liquid has low viscosity, it can be transported extremely easily by the above-mentioned pressure transport means, but if the liquid is highly viscous, it will place enormous pressure on the shipping source. Even if the pressure is applied, the pressure is often absorbed by the viscous resistance or fluid resistance of the liquid and the strong pressure does not reach the liquid at the end.In order to obtain the required pressure at the end, it is necessary to Extremely high pressure must be applied to the liquid.

圧力損失はかなり大きなものとなる。　　　゛また。液
体を圧送中、その流速を変化させようとする場合、従来
は発送元の圧力を変化させているが、粘性の低い液体は
慣性が大きいので、実際に末端の流速が変化するまでに
はかなりの時間を要している。The pressure loss will be quite large.゛Again. When trying to change the flow rate while pumping a liquid, conventionally the pressure at the source is changed, but since low viscosity liquids have a large inertia, it takes quite a while before the flow rate at the end actually changes. It takes a lot of time.

従って、流体を円滑に圧力損失少なく輸送出来るばかり
でなく、必要に応じ流速を早めたり遅くしたり適宜制御
出来れば、極めて好都合である。Therefore, it would be extremely convenient if the fluid could not only be transported smoothly with little pressure loss, but also be able to speed up or slow down the flow rate as necessary and control it as appropriate.

〔問題点を解決するための手段〕[Means for solving problems]

本発明は上述のような従来技術の問題点を解決し、流体
を円滑に圧力損失なく然も流速を適宜制御出来る方法を
提供することを目的としてなされたもので、その構成は
、流体を流通させる弾性体かへ成る管等の外面に、超音
波振動子を装着して、該超音波振動子を駆動し、前記管
等の内表面に前記流体の流れと同一方向またはそれと逆
方向の表面進行波を発生させることにより前記流体の流
れを制御することを特徴とするものである。The present invention has been made for the purpose of solving the problems of the prior art as described above and providing a method that can appropriately control the flow rate of fluid without pressure loss. An ultrasonic transducer is mounted on the outer surface of a tube, etc. made of an elastic body, and the ultrasonic transducer is driven so that the inner surface of the tube, etc. has a surface in the same direction as the fluid flow or in the opposite direction. The present invention is characterized in that the flow of the fluid is controlled by generating traveling waves.

〔原　理〕[Hara Osamu]

而して、本発明の原理は次の通りである。 The principle of the present invention is as follows.

いま、弾性体に超音波の縦波と横波の進行波を伝搬させ
ると、第３図に示すように、弾性体表面で質点が楕円軌
跡を描いて運動するので、この面に接している物体は摩
擦力を介し直線方向の推力を得て移動が可能となり、ま
た、進行波の伝搬方向を逆向きにすれば、物体の逆方向
への移動が可能となるわけであって前記物体が流体であ
る場合、前記の移動は流体抵抗の大きいも゛のほど効率
よく発現する。Now, when a traveling wave of longitudinal and transverse ultrasound waves is propagated through an elastic body, the mass point moves along an elliptical trajectory on the surface of the elastic body, as shown in Figure 3, so the objects that are in contact with this surface can move by obtaining thrust in a linear direction through frictional force, and if the propagation direction of the traveling wave is reversed, it is possible for the object to move in the opposite direction. In this case, the above-mentioned movement occurs more efficiently as the fluid resistance increases.

〔作　用〕[For production]

即ち１本発明は、弾性体から成る管等により流路を形成
し、該管等の外面にその中心に向けて超音波振動子を取
付け、流路に流体を流通させた状態で該振動子を駆動し
て該管等に超音波の縦波と横波の進行波を伝搬させれば
、第３図々示のように、流路の内部の流体は矢印の方向
に移動する傾向を示し、前記進行波の波動の向きを逆に
すれば。That is, 1 the present invention forms a flow path using a tube or the like made of an elastic body, attaches an ultrasonic transducer to the outer surface of the tube or the like toward the center, and operates the ultrasonic transducer while fluid is flowing through the flow path. When a longitudinal wave and a transverse wave of ultrasonic waves are propagated through the tube etc., the fluid inside the channel tends to move in the direction of the arrow, as shown in Figure 3. If the direction of the traveling wave is reversed.

前記流体は逆方向へ移動する傾向を示すので、例えば、
圧油管の外周に前記超音波振動子を放射状に取付けてこ
れを進行波の波動が圧油の進行方向と逆方向となるよう
に駆動すれば、流路内の圧油の流体抵抗が弱められ、該
圧油の流通が円滑に行なわれて流速が早くなり、また、
前記超音波振動子を進行波の波動が前記とは逆になるよ
うに駆動すれば、圧油の流体抵抗が大きくなって流速が
遅くなる。従って１本発明方法によれば、流路内を流通
する流体の流速を容易に制御出来るばかりでなく、流路
の径を小さくすると共に超音波振動子の出力を大きくす
ることにより、流路内の流体の流れを停止させたり、停
止している流体の流れを開始させたりすることの制御も
可能となる。Since the fluid exhibits a tendency to move in opposite directions, e.g.
If the ultrasonic vibrator is attached radially around the outer circumference of the pressure oil pipe and driven so that the wave motion of the traveling wave is in the opposite direction to the traveling direction of the pressure oil, the fluid resistance of the pressure oil in the flow path can be weakened. , the pressure oil flows smoothly and the flow rate increases, and
If the ultrasonic vibrator is driven so that the wave motion of the traveling wave is opposite to that described above, the fluid resistance of the pressure oil becomes large and the flow velocity becomes slow. Therefore, according to the method of the present invention, not only can the flow rate of the fluid flowing in the flow path be easily controlled, but also the flow rate within the flow path can be reduced by reducing the diameter of the flow path and increasing the output of the ultrasonic vibrator. It is also possible to control stopping the flow of fluid or starting the flow of fluid that has stopped.

而して、本発明方法は、一般に流路の径が大きい場合は
主として流体抵抗を加減するこにより流速を加減するの
に適しており、また、流路の径が小さい場合は、流体の
流速を加減することは勿論、流体圧の流れそのものを制
御するのにも適している。即ち１例えば、液体の噴射ノ
ズルに本発明方法を適用すれば、噴射の制御を行なうこ
とが可能であり、また、管等にポンプ機能を付与するこ
とも可能となる。Therefore, the method of the present invention is generally suitable for adjusting the flow velocity mainly by adjusting the fluid resistance when the diameter of the flow path is large, and when the diameter of the flow path is small, it is suitable for adjusting the flow velocity mainly by adjusting the fluid resistance. It is suitable not only for controlling the flow of fluid pressure but also for controlling the flow of fluid pressure itself. For example, if the method of the present invention is applied to a liquid injection nozzle, it is possible to control the injection, and it is also possible to provide a pump function to a pipe or the like.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

次に本発明方法の実施例を図により説明する。 Next, an example of the method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

第１図において、ｌは弾性体から成る管により形成され
た圧油圧送用の管で、肢管１の内部が流路となる。Ｅは
前記管１の外周に肢管１の中心に向けて放射状に装着し
た超音波振動子で、該振動子Ｅを駆動して肢管ｌに超音
波の縦波と横波の進行波を伝搬させれば、管１の内壁に
接している圧油は矢印の方向に移動する。この結果、通
常は管１の内壁に接している圧油は管１との間の摩擦抵
抗により他の部分に存在する圧油より流速が遅くなるが
、進行波の作用により通常の流速より早められるので、
全体として圧油は抵抗が減少し流速は早くなる。In FIG. 1, 1 is a pressure-hydraulic pipe formed by a pipe made of an elastic body, and the inside of the limb pipe 1 serves as a flow path. E is an ultrasonic transducer attached to the outer circumference of the canal 1 radially toward the center of the limb canal 1, and the transducer E is driven to propagate longitudinal waves and transverse waves of ultrasound into the limb canal l. When this happens, the pressure oil in contact with the inner wall of the pipe 1 moves in the direction of the arrow. As a result, normally the flow velocity of the pressure oil in contact with the inner wall of the pipe 1 is slower than that of the pressure oil existing in other parts due to the frictional resistance between it and the pipe 1, but due to the action of traveling waves, the flow velocity is faster than the normal flow velocity. Because it is possible to
Overall, the resistance of pressure oil decreases and the flow rate increases.

また、前記超音波振動子Ｅを進行波の方向が前記とは逆
になるように駆動すれば、管１内の圧油は点線矢印の方
向に移動する傾向を生じる結果、圧油の流体抵抗は増大
し、全体として圧油は抵抗が増大して流速は遅くなる。Furthermore, if the ultrasonic transducer E is driven so that the direction of the traveling wave is opposite to that described above, the pressure oil in the pipe 1 tends to move in the direction of the dotted arrow, and as a result, the fluid resistance of the pressure oil increases, the resistance of the pressure oil as a whole increases and the flow rate slows down.

従って、必要に応じその進行波の方向を圧油の流れ方向
に対して正または負になるように超音波振動子Ｅを駆動
することにより、圧油の流れの制御を効率的に行なうこ
とが出来るのである。Therefore, the flow of pressure oil can be efficiently controlled by driving the ultrasonic transducer E so that the direction of the traveling wave is positive or negative with respect to the flow direction of pressure oil, as necessary. It can be done.

また、第２図において、２は液体の噴射ノズル。Further, in FIG. 2, numeral 2 represents a liquid injection nozzle.

３は該ノズル２の取付管で、取付管３に超音波振動子Ｅ
を装着し、該振動子Ｅを表面進行波の方向が噴射すべき
液体の流れの方向に対して正または負となるように駆動
することにより、前記ノズル２からの液体の噴射量を減
少させたり増加させたリすることが出来るばかりでなく
、液体の粘性が高くてノズル２からの噴射が困難な場合
でも、前記振動子Ｅを表面進行波の方向が液体の流れの
方向に対して逆になるように駆動することにより、液体
が波動と逆方向の推力を付与されてその流れが良好とな
り、ノズル２からの噴射が可能となるのである。3 is a mounting pipe for the nozzle 2, and an ultrasonic vibrator E is attached to the mounting pipe 3.
The amount of liquid ejected from the nozzle 2 is reduced by driving the vibrator E so that the direction of the surface traveling wave is positive or negative with respect to the flow direction of the liquid to be ejected. In addition, even when the viscosity of the liquid is high and it is difficult to inject it from the nozzle 2, the direction of the surface traveling wave of the vibrator E is opposite to the direction of the flow of the liquid. By driving the liquid in such a manner, a thrust force in the opposite direction to the wave motion is applied to the liquid, which improves its flow and enables injection from the nozzle 2.

〔効　果〕〔effect〕

本発明は上述の通りであるから、管等により形成される
流路に液体を流通させる場合の液体の流れの制御に極め
て有用であるばかりでなく、その油液体の噴射ノズルに
適用すれば、粘性の高い液体の噴射が可能となるし、更
に、内径の小さな管により流路を形成して、この流路に
本発明を適用して、流速の増減のみならず流れの停止、
開始の制御を行なうようにすれば、前記管にポンプの機
能を付与することが出来る。As described above, the present invention is not only extremely useful for controlling the flow of liquid when flowing liquid through a channel formed by a pipe, etc., but also when applied to an oil liquid injection nozzle, It is possible to inject a highly viscous liquid, and by forming a flow path using a tube with a small inner diameter and applying the present invention to this flow path, it is possible to not only increase or decrease the flow velocity but also stop the flow.
By controlling the start, the pipe can be given a pump function.

従って１本発明方法は流体圧の流れを制御する方法とし
て産業上極めて有用である。Therefore, the method of the present invention is industrially extremely useful as a method for controlling the flow of fluid pressure.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図は本発明方法を適用した管の正面図、第２図は同
じくノズルの正面図、第３図は本発明の原理を示す図で
ある。 １・・・管、２・・・ノズル、３・・・ノズル取付管、
Ｅ・・・超音波振動子FIG. 1 is a front view of a tube to which the method of the present invention is applied, FIG. 2 is a front view of a nozzle, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the principle of the present invention. 1... Pipe, 2... Nozzle, 3... Nozzle mounting pipe,
E... Ultrasonic vibrator

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] １　流体を流通させる弾性体から成る管の外面に、超音
波振動子を装着して、該超音波振動子を駆動し、前記管
の内表面に前記流体の流れと同一方向またはそれと逆方
向の表面進行波を発生させることにより前記流体の流れ
を制御することを特徴とする流体の流れを制御する方法
。1. An ultrasonic transducer is attached to the outer surface of a tube made of an elastic body through which fluid flows, and the ultrasonic transducer is driven to cause a flow of the fluid to flow in the same direction or in the opposite direction to the inner surface of the tube. A method for controlling fluid flow, comprising controlling the fluid flow by generating surface traveling waves.