JPS6118406A - Thermal diffusion type multiple effect distillation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To eliminate separation of wick and generation of scale and to improve thermal diffusion efficiency of a thermal diffusion type multiple effect distillation apparatus by installing partition walls and porous liquid impermeable membranes parallelly and alternately with appropriate distance therebetween. CONSTITUTION:Partition walls 1 and porous liquid impermeable membranes 2 made of polytetrafluoroethylene are installed parallelly with a small distance alternately to construct a multilayered body having plural numbers of closed spaces and the surroundings are enclosed with a heat insulating material Feed liquid in a feed liquid feeding space 6 in the outermost layer is evaporated by heating with solar rays absorbed selectively by the selective absorption membrane 3 provided to the partition wall 1 at the outermost layer. Evaporated vapor permeates a porous membrane 2 at the rear side, enters a distilled vapor collecting space 10 at the outermost layer, and condenses by contacting with the partition wall 1 at the next layer to form distilled liquid. Feed liquid in the feed liquid feeding space 6 in the next layer is heated by the latent heat of condensation generated in this stage. The procedure is repeated in the succeeding layers, and concentrated liquid and distilled liquid are obtd. from an outlet 9 of the concentrated liquid and an outlet 11 of distilled liquid.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は原液から蒸留液を分離するための蒸留装置に関
し、殊に海水、かん水等の熱拡散型多重効用蒸留装置に
関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a distillation apparatus for separating a distillate from a stock solution, and particularly to a thermal diffusion type multiple effect distillation apparatus for seawater, brine, etc.

この種の蒸留装置は原液の濃縮又は原液から物質を分別
するのに用いられる。経済上の見地および加熱温度が比
較的低くてよいことから通常、熱源として太陽熱、温排
水等が用いられる。又中、小規模の装置１を多数設置す
る関係上、熱効率が高く、構造が簡単で保全が容易なこ
とが要求されている。Distillation apparatus of this type are used for concentrating stock solutions or for fractionating substances from stock solutions. From an economical point of view and because the heating temperature may be relatively low, solar heat, heated waste water, etc. are usually used as the heat source. Furthermore, since a large number of small-scale devices 1 are installed, it is required that the device has high thermal efficiency, a simple structure, and easy maintenance.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

従来から用いられている代表的な熱拡散型多重効用蒸留
装置は特開昭５５ｉ２７ＪＯ２号明細書に開示されてい
る。該装置を第４図に示す海水の蒸留装置について説明
すると、最表面に集熱板２１を、以下その集熱板２１の
裏側に金属製隔壁２２を複数枚積層配列して四周を断熱
材２３で包囲し、集熱板２１及び複数の隔壁２２の裏面
に夫夫ウィック２４を接着すると共に該つにツク２４の
裏面とその裏側に隣接する隔壁２２との間に所定の間隙
を設けて蒸留液収集機２５を形成する。A typical thermal diffusion type multiple effect distillation apparatus that has been used in the past is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 1982-27JO2. To explain the seawater distillation apparatus shown in FIG. 4, a heat collecting plate 21 is provided on the outermost surface, and a plurality of metal partition walls 22 are stacked and arranged on the back side of the heat collecting plate 21, and a heat insulating material 23 is provided around the four peripheries. The heat collecting plate 21 and the plurality of partition walls 22 are surrounded by a wick 24, and a predetermined gap is provided between the back surface of the heat collecting plate 21 and the partition wall 22 adjacent to the back side of each wick 24, and the distillation process is performed. A liquid collector 25 is formed.

各ウィック２４には原液供給側において原液（海水）？
含浸状に供給する。太陽熱線全吸収して温度上昇した集
熱板の熱を熱源として、集熱板２１の裏面に接着したウ
ィック２４に含浸された原液を加熱蒸発させる０集熱板
２１の裏側に対向した隔壁２２でこの蒸発した蒸気を凝
縮せしめ、得られた蒸留液（淡水）を蒸留液取出口２５
ｔ−介して取出す。次にその凝縮潜熱を利用して以下裏
側の隔壁部で順次上記の作用を繰返して蒸留液を生産す
る。Does each wick 24 contain undiluted solution (seawater) on the undiluted solution supply side?
Supplied in impregnated form. A partition wall 22 facing the back side of the heat collecting plate 21 that heats and evaporates the stock solution impregnated in the wick 24 adhered to the back side of the heat collecting plate 21 by using the heat of the heat collecting plate whose temperature has increased by absorbing all the solar radiation as a heat source. The evaporated vapor is condensed and the resulting distillate (fresh water) is sent to the distillate outlet 25.
Take out through t-. Next, using the latent heat of condensation, the above-mentioned action is successively repeated in the partition wall section on the back side to produce a distilled liquid.

尚、上記の隔壁２２には剛性強度の高い断面形に形成し
たステンレススチール、チタニウム、等の金属根を使用
し、又、クイック２４には親水性のフェルト、連続気泡
を有する発泡グラスチッ久布等の毛細管現象の顕著な材
料全使用する。The partition wall 22 is made of metal such as stainless steel or titanium formed into a cross-sectional shape with high rigidity, and the quick 24 is made of hydrophilic felt, foamed glass cloth with open cells, etc. All materials with remarkable capillary action are used.

〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

上記の構成の装置にあっては、 ■　隔壁に金属材料を用いるので海水等によシ腐食する
。耐海水性材料は一般に極めて高価であり、生産水コス
トの上昇を招き、経済性が失われる。In the device with the above configuration, (1) Since metal materials are used for the partition walls, they are corroded by seawater, etc.; Seawater resistant materials are generally extremely expensive, leading to increased production water costs and loss of economic efficiency.

■　金属製隔壁は熱膨張して熱歪を起しやすく、液の偏
流を生ずる。偏流はウィックにおけるスケールの発生お
工び原液と蒸留液の混合の原因となる。■ Metal partition walls are prone to thermal expansion and thermal strain, resulting in uneven flow of liquid. Unbalanced flow causes scale formation in the wick and mixing of the raw solution and distillate.

■　ウィックが接着剤で集熱板及び隔壁に接着されてい
るが、剥離を起し易く、剥離して裏側の蒸留液に接触す
ると原液が蒸留液に或は蒸留液が原液に混入して生産液
の品質を低下する。■ The wick is bonded to the heat collector plate and partition wall with adhesive, but it tends to peel off easily, and when it comes into contact with the distillate on the back side, the wick gets mixed into the distillate or the distillate mixes with the stock solution, resulting in production. Decrease the quality of the liquid.

■　装置の運転中に発生するスケール、汚れによってウ
ィックに目詰りを生じても洗滌することができない。■ Even if the wick becomes clogged with scale and dirt generated during equipment operation, it cannot be cleaned.

■　原液を蒸留するためにはウィック裏面とその裏側の
隔壁間に間隙全必要とするので熱拡散効率が比較的低い
。■ To distill the stock solution, the entire gap is required between the back of the wick and the partition wall on the back, so the heat diffusion efficiency is relatively low.

■　原液は毛細管現象を利用してウィックに共給される
ので、日射量の増減に追従して、わずかの時間おくれで
給水制御をすることが難しい。丑だ、毛細管現象利用の
ウィックへの給液方式では供給液量の正確な制御が難し
く、給液量過少はス　。■ Since the stock solution is co-supplied to the wick using capillary action, it is difficult to control the water supply with a slight delay in response to changes in the amount of solar radiation. Unfortunately, with the method of supplying liquid to the wick using capillary action, it is difficult to control the amount of liquid supplied accurately, and insufficient supply of liquid is a problem.

ケール生成、過多は原液の滴下による蒸留液の品質低下
の原因となる。Formation or excessive amount of kale causes a drop in the quality of the distillate due to dripping of the stock solution.

〔問題音解決するための手段〕[Means for solving problem sounds]

本発明は上述した熱拡散型多重効用蒸留装置の改良に関
するもので、従来の装置の欠点は、隔壁と多孔質不透液
性膜とを間隔をあけて交互に並設して複数個の密閉状空
間を有する多層状構造体を構成し、上記隔壁とその裏側
の多孔質不透液性膜間に形成された夫々の原液供給空間
の一端を原液タンクに連通させると共に夫々の他端に濃
縮液取出口を形成し、又上記多孔質不透液性暎とその裏
側の隔壁間に形成された蒸留液収集空間の一端に蒸留液
取出口を形成し、さらに最表層の原液供給空間には該空
間内の原液を加熱する太陽熱利用等の加熱手段を設けて
なる熱拡散型多重効用蒸留装置によって解決される。The present invention relates to an improvement of the above-mentioned thermal diffusion type multiple effect distillation apparatus. A multilayered structure having a shaped space is formed, and one end of each stock solution supply space formed between the partition wall and the porous liquid-impermeable membrane on the back side thereof is communicated with a stock solution tank, and the other end of each space is connected to a concentration tank. A liquid outlet is formed at one end of the distillate collecting space formed between the porous liquid-impermeable hole and the partition wall on the back side thereof, and a liquid supplying space in the outermost layer is formed with a distillate outlet. This problem can be solved by a thermal diffusion type multiple effect distillation apparatus equipped with a heating means such as solar heat to heat the stock solution in the space.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

第１図に示すように本発明の熱拡散型多動用蒸留装置は
、隔壁ｌと多孔質不透液性ｌφ（以下単に多孔質膜と称
す）２とを僅小の間隔金あけて交互に並設されて、複数
個の密閉状空間？多層状に有し四周を図示せぬ断熱材で
四１まれだ構造体ＶＣ形成されている。As shown in FIG. 1, the thermal diffusion type multi-action distillation apparatus of the present invention has partition walls l and porous liquid-impermeable lφ (hereinafter simply referred to as porous membranes) 2 arranged alternately at very small intervals. Multiple enclosed spaces arranged side by side? It has a multi-layered structure, and the four peripheries are made of a heat insulating material (not shown) to form a four-layered structure VC.

上記の多孔質膜２は供給原液から発生した蒸気を透過す
るが該原液を透過せぬ性質を有し、例えば米国ボアテッ
クス社製のポリ四弗化エチレン製の多孔質膜を使用する
。又隔壁ｌは、水及び蒸気を透過しないこと、耐食性が
↓いことからプラスチックシートに使用することが好す
しい。本実施例では伝熱性の比較的よい肉厚の薄い材料
で作られる。The above-mentioned porous membrane 2 has a property of allowing vapor generated from the supplied stock solution to pass therethrough, but not allowing the stock solution to pass therethrough, and for example, a porous membrane made of polytetrafluoroethylene manufactured by Voatex Corporation in the United States is used. Furthermore, the partition wall l is preferably used for plastic sheets because it is impermeable to water and steam and has low corrosion resistance. In this embodiment, it is made of a thin material with relatively good heat conductivity.

最表層の隔壁ＩＫは太陽熱線は選択的に吸収する選択吸
収喚３を展着し、その外部には＃膜の保ｉ１ｆ：兼ねて
太陽熱ｍ、を透過し易いガラス４が配設されている。The outermost partition wall IK has a selective absorption film 3 that selectively absorbs solar heat rays, and outside it is provided with a glass 4 that also serves as a #film protection i1f and easily transmits solar heat m. .

隔壁ｌと多孔質膜２との間に原液の均一な流通を保つた
めにプラスチック製のスペーサ５を配設する。隔壁ｌと
多孔質膜２間の間隔は約２〜３龍で、又多孔質膜２とそ
の裏側の隔壁１間の間隔は両者を近接させた方が熱拡散
上都合がよく、可撓性を有する隔壁ｌを使用する場合は
特に間隔を設けなくても工い。A plastic spacer 5 is provided between the partition wall 1 and the porous membrane 2 to maintain uniform distribution of the stock solution. The distance between the partition wall 1 and the porous membrane 2 is about 2 to 3 mm, and the distance between the porous membrane 2 and the partition wall 1 on the back side is more convenient for heat diffusion and flexibility. When using a partition wall l with

隔壁】とその裏側の多孔質膜２間に原液供給空間６を形
成し、夫々の空間６の一端（図の右端）を導管７を介し
て原液タンク８に接続すると共に夫々の他端（図の左喘
）に濃縮液取出口９を形成する。又多孔ＪＲ膜２とその
裏側の隔壁１間に蒸留液収集空間ＪＯを形成し、夫々の
一端（図の左端）に蒸留液取出口１１を形成する０尚最
裏層の隔壁１の裏側に鋼等の金属からなる放熱板１２會
設ける。この放熱板１２は多層構造体の補強の役目を兼
ねる。A stock solution supply space 6 is formed between the partition wall] and the porous membrane 2 on the back side, and one end of each space 6 (the right end in the figure) is connected to the stock solution tank 8 via a conduit 7, and the other end of each space (the right end in the figure) is connected to the stock solution tank 8 through a conduit 7. A concentrate outlet 9 is formed in the left vent. In addition, a distillate collection space JO is formed between the porous JR membrane 2 and the partition wall 1 on the back side thereof, and a distillate outlet 11 is formed at one end of each (left end in the figure). Twelve heat sinks made of metal such as steel are provided. This heat sink 12 also serves as reinforcement for the multilayer structure.

従来装置で説明したよう（−選択吸収膜３曾より最表層
の原液供給空間６内の原液を加熱して蒸発させる。蒸発
した蒸気はその裏側（二ある多孔質膜２を透過して最表
層の蒸留液収集空間１０内Ｉ：入り次層の隔壁１（二接
触する。この隔壁１はその裏側が原液で冷されているの
で該蒸留液収集空間１０内で凝結して蒸留液を作る。こ
の時じ発生する凝縮潜熱（二よりさら（二次層の原液供
給空間６内の原液を加熱する。以下裏側の各層で上記の
作用を繰返し濃縮液取出口９及び蒸留液取出口１．１か
ら夫々濃縮液及び蒸留液（淡水）を得る。As explained in the conventional device (-) the raw solution in the outermost raw solution supply space 6 is heated and evaporated from the selective absorption membrane 3.The evaporated vapor passes through the two porous membranes 2 on the back side (the uppermost layer). Into the distillate collection space 10 I: enters the next layer's partition wall 1 (the two come into contact with each other. Since the back side of this partition wall 1 is cooled with the raw liquid, it condenses in the distillate collection space 10 to form a distillate. The latent heat of condensation generated at this time heats the stock solution in the stock solution supply space 6 of the secondary layer.The above action is repeated for each layer on the back side, condensed liquid outlet 9 and distilled liquid outlet 1.1. A concentrated liquid and a distilled liquid (fresh water) are obtained from the above.

この場合上述した従来装置の如ぐウィックを使用すると
、多孔質薄膜２とその裏側の隔壁１との間に適尚な間隔
がないと蒸発が起らす又ウィックを介して原液および蒸
留液の混合の怖れかあるので上記の間隔は狭くできず、
従って熱拡散効率が良くなかった。これ（二反し本発明
装置では多孔質膜を使用するので間隔を狭くしても画成
の混合を起さずに蒸発を起すことができその結果高い熱
拡散効率が得られる。In this case, if a wick like the one in the conventional device described above is used, evaporation will occur if there is not an appropriate distance between the porous thin film 2 and the partition wall 1 on the back side. The above interval cannot be narrowed because there is a risk of mixing.
Therefore, the heat diffusion efficiency was not good. On the other hand, since the apparatus of the present invention uses a porous membrane, evaporation can occur without causing mixing of the defined regions even if the spacing is narrow, and as a result, high heat diffusion efficiency can be obtained.

上記の説明では太陽熱線の集熱に好都合なように多層構
造体を傾斜状に配設したが多層構造体を水平状に配設し
ても＝い０ 第２図の実施例は第１図の実施例の各濃縮液取出口９に
夫々流量制御弁１３ｖＩ−設けたもので、入熱量まｆｃ
は集熱板温度全検知し、流量制御弁１３の開度全調節す
ることに１って濃縮液の流量′ｌｃ匍ｊ御することがで
きる。この工うに濃縮液の流量を“　制御することによ
り、日射量の変化に対して蒸留液の生産量を追従させ、
海水にあっては濃縮液の塩分濃度を一定に保つことが可
能となる０第３図の実施例は第２図の装置全垂直型にし
、ポンプ１５で水等の媒体を太陽熱集熱装置１４に送っ
て加熱して蓄熱槽１６に戻し、蓄熱槽１６中の高温熱媒
体を熱媒循環ポンプ１７にニジ最表層の原液供給空間６
に送り、該原液供給空間６に設けた伝熱器１８ｔ−介し
て原液供給空間内の原液を加熱したものであるＯ装置を
図の如く垂直型にすると隔壁１及び多孔質膜２に撓みを
生じないので構造強度上有利である。尚、蓄熱槽Ｊ６、
熱媒循環ボンダ１フ＠：省略して伝熱器１８を集熱装置
１４の導管に直接連結してもよい。In the above explanation, the multilayer structure is arranged in an inclined manner to facilitate the collection of solar heat rays, but it is also possible to arrange the multilayer structure in a horizontal manner. In this embodiment, a flow rate control valve 13vI is provided at each concentrate outlet 9, and the amount of heat input or fc
By fully detecting the temperature of the heat collecting plate and fully adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate control valve 13, the flow rate of the concentrated liquid can be controlled. By controlling the flow rate of the concentrated liquid in this way, the production amount of the distilled liquid can be made to follow changes in the amount of solar radiation.
In the case of seawater, it is possible to keep the salt concentration of the concentrated liquid constant. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the apparatus shown in FIG. The high-temperature heat medium in the heat storage tank 16 is transferred to the heat medium circulation pump 17 and then heated and returned to the heat storage tank 16.
If the O device, which heats the stock solution in the stock solution supply space through a heat transfer device 18t provided in the stock solution supply space 6, is made vertical as shown in the figure, the partition wall 1 and the porous membrane 2 will be deflected. This is advantageous in terms of structural strength. In addition, heat storage tank J6,
Heat medium circulation bonder 1f@: The heat transfer device 18 may be directly connected to the conduit of the heat collecting device 14 by omitting it.

上記の第１及び第２実施例は太陽熱直接利用型、又第３
実施例は太陽熱間接利用型と称すること力；できる。The first and second embodiments described above are solar heat direct utilization type, and the third embodiment is
The embodiment can be referred to as an indirect solar heat utilization type.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

本発明により得られる効果は下記の通Ｖである。 The effects obtained by the present invention are as follows.

■　従来装置において生じ易いクイックの剥離、スケー
ルの析出による目詰９等の問題を起さない。■ Problems such as quick peeling and clogging due to scale precipitation, which tend to occur in conventional equipment, do not occur.

■　多孔質膜を使用するため、多孔質膜とその裏側の隔
壁間の間隔を縮小できて熱拡散効率が向上する結果蒸留
液の生産量が飛躍的に増大する０■　構造上、蒸留液に
原液が混入せず、又装置の原理が一種の蒸留法であるた
め高純度の蒸留液が効率よく得られる０ ■　装置を薄型で軽量に製作できるので設置及び輸送時
の取扱が容易となり、基礎も簡単で済む。■ Because a porous membrane is used, the distance between the porous membrane and the partition wall on the back side can be reduced, improving heat diffusion efficiency and dramatically increasing the amount of distilled liquid produced. Since the stock solution does not get mixed in, and the principle of the device is a type of distillation method, highly pure distilled liquid can be obtained efficiently.0 ■ The device can be made thin and lightweight, making it easy to install and handle during transportation, making it easy to use the basics. It's also easy.

本発明の実施例により得られる効果は下記の通りである
。The effects obtained by the embodiments of the present invention are as follows.

■　隔壁材料として従来の金属板の代りにプラスチック
シートを用いるので、熱歪によって生ずる偏流等の問題
が解消されるばかりでなく装置Ｒ全体が低価になる。(2) Since a plastic sheet is used instead of the conventional metal plate as the partition wall material, problems such as drifting caused by thermal distortion are not only solved, but also the cost of the entire device R is reduced.

■　濃縮液出口に流量調節弁を設けるので、日照の変化
に追従した原液供給量制御が確実容易である。■ Since a flow rate control valve is provided at the concentrate outlet, it is easy to reliably control the amount of stock solution supplied in accordance with changes in sunlight.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第１図〜第３図は本発明の実施例を示す概略図板、６・
・・・・・原液供給空間、８・・・・・・原液タンク、
９・・・・・・濃縮液取出口、ｌＯ・・・・・・蒸留液
収集空間、１１・・・・・・蒸留液取出口、−１３・・
・・・・流量制御弁、五８・・・・・・伝熱器。1 to 3 are schematic diagrams showing embodiments of the present invention, 6.
..... stock solution supply space, 8 ..... stock solution tank,
9... Concentrated liquid outlet, lO... Distilled liquid collection space, 11... Distilled liquid outlet, -13...
...Flow control valve, 58... Heat transferr.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 １、隔壁と多孔質不透液性膜とを間隔をあけて交互に並
設して複数個の密閉状空間を有する多層状構造体を構成
し、上記隔壁とその裏側の多孔質不透液性膜間に形成さ
れた夫々の原液供給空間の一端を原液タンクに連通させ
ると共に夫々の他端に濃縮液取出口を形成し、又上記多
孔質不透液性膜とその裏側の隔壁間に形成された蒸留液
収集空間の一端に蒸留液取出口を形成し、さらに最表層
の原液供給空間には該空間内の原液を加熱する太陽熱利
用加熱手段を設けてなる熱拡散型多重効用蒸留装置。 ２、上記太陽熱利用加熱手段が最表層の隔壁をほぼ覆っ
た集熱板である特許請求の範囲第１項記載の蒸留装置。 ３、上記太陽熱利用加熱手段が太陽熱集熱装置に連通し
た伝熱器である特許請求の範囲第１項記載の蒸留装置。 ４、上記隔壁がプラスチックシートからなる特許請求の
範囲第１〜３項いずれか一項記載の蒸留装置。 ５、上記蒸留液取出口に夫々流量制御弁を設けた特許請
求の範囲第１〜４項いずれか一項記載の蒸留装置。 ６、熱源を温排水とした特許請求の範囲第１〜５項いず
れか一項記載の蒸留装置。[Scope of Claims] 1. A multilayered structure having a plurality of sealed spaces is constructed by alternately arranging partition walls and porous liquid-impermeable membranes at intervals, and comprising the partition walls and the back side thereof. One end of each stock solution supply space formed between the porous liquid-impermeable membranes is communicated with the stock solution tank, and a concentrate outlet is formed at the other end of each space, and the porous liquid-impermeable membrane and A distillate outlet is formed at one end of the distillate collection space formed between the partition walls on the back side, and a heating means using solar heat is provided in the outermost raw solution supply space to heat the raw solution in the space. Diffusion type multiple effect distillation equipment. 2. The distillation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the solar heating heating means is a heat collecting plate that substantially covers the outermost partition wall. 3. The distillation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the solar heating heating means is a heat transfer device connected to a solar heat collecting device. 4. The distillation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the partition wall is made of a plastic sheet. 5. The distillation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each of the distillate outlet ports is provided with a flow rate control valve. 6. The distillation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the heat source is heated waste water.