JPS6115406B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS6115406B2
JPS6115406B2 JP9601278A JP9601278A JPS6115406B2 JP S6115406 B2 JPS6115406 B2 JP S6115406B2 JP 9601278 A JP9601278 A JP 9601278A JP 9601278 A JP9601278 A JP 9601278A JP S6115406 B2 JPS6115406 B2 JP S6115406B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
focus detection
imaging
light component
light
incident light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP9601278A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5523631A (en
Inventor
Masaru Shimada
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sony Corp
Original Assignee
Sony Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sony Corp filed Critical Sony Corp
Priority to JP9601278A priority Critical patent/JPS5523631A/en
Publication of JPS5523631A publication Critical patent/JPS5523631A/en
Publication of JPS6115406B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6115406B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Automatic Focus Adjustment (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、一般に撮像者が目により被写体像の
焦点整合状態の良判を判定して行つていた焦点検
出機能の替りに、電光変換素子等を利用した焦点
検出手段により上記焦点整合状態の検出を行うよ
うにしたテレビカメラ等の撮像装置の焦点検出装
置に関し、特に撮像装置における撮像部の撮像感
度特性上の無効光成分により焦点検出を行う焦点
検出装置を提供しようとするものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a focus detection function that uses an electro-optical conversion element, etc., instead of the focus detection function that is generally performed by an imager using his or her eyes to judge whether the focus alignment state of the subject image is good. The present invention relates to a focus detection device for an imaging device such as a television camera, which detects the focus matching state by means of means, and in particular, provides a focus detection device that performs focus detection using an invalid light component on the imaging sensitivity characteristic of an imaging section in the imaging device. This is what I am trying to do.

従来より、この種の焦点検出装置を備えた撮像
装置としては、例えば特開昭52−40332号公報に
開示されている第1図に示すような構成の一眼レ
フカメラが提案されている。
Conventionally, a single-lens reflex camera having a configuration as shown in FIG. 1, which is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 52-40332, has been proposed as an imaging device equipped with this type of focus detection device.

第1図に示す一眼レフカメラにおいては、フイ
ルム10面と光学的に等価な位置に配設した2つ
の楔型プリズム11,12により2分割された被
写体像を一対の微小光電変換素子群14上に結像
せしめ、焦点検出処理装置15により上記微小光
電変換素子群14からの出力信号について一致検
出処理を行ない、光電的焦点検出を行なう焦点検
出部16が備えられている。なお、第1図中、1
は被写体、2は撮影光学系を構成するレンズ群、
3は中央部にハーフミラー3′を有する全反射ミ
ラー、4は全反射ミラー、5は焦点板、6はコン
デンサーレンズ、7はペンタプリズム、8はアイ
ピース、9は撮影者等の目、13は被写体像を光
電素子群14上に結像させるためのレンズであ
り、これ等各構成要素の動作については詳細な説
明を省略する(特公昭52−40332号公報を参照さ
れ度い)。
In the single-lens reflex camera shown in FIG. 1, a subject image divided into two parts by two wedge-shaped prisms 11 and 12 arranged at positions optically equivalent to the film 10 is displayed on a pair of microphotoelectric conversion element groups 14. A focus detection section 16 is provided which performs a coincidence detection process on the output signal from the micro photoelectric conversion element group 14 by a focus detection processing device 15, and performs photoelectric focus detection. In addition, in Figure 1, 1
is the subject, 2 is the lens group that makes up the photographic optical system,
3 is a total reflection mirror with a half mirror 3' in the center, 4 is a total reflection mirror, 5 is a focus plate, 6 is a condenser lens, 7 is a pentaprism, 8 is an eyepiece, 9 is the eye of the photographer, etc. 13 is a total reflection mirror This is a lens for forming a subject image onto the photoelectric element group 14, and a detailed explanation of the operation of each component will be omitted (please refer to Japanese Patent Publication No. 40332/1983).

このような焦点検出部16は、全反射ミラー3
の中央のハーフミラー3′を通過する入射光中の
可視光成分を含んだ光による被写体像の焦点整合
状態を光電変換素子群14を利用して検出してい
るので、アイピース8を介して撮影者等の目9で
確認できる焦点板5上の被写体像を結像するため
の光量が上記焦点検出に用いられる量だけ減少さ
れてしまう欠点を有している。なお、通常、一眼
レフカメラにおいては、シヤツタ動作に連動して
全反射ミラー3が持上げられるようになつている
ので、フイルム10への光量の減少は無い。しか
し、上述の如き従来の焦点検出手段をテレビカメ
ラ等に適用する場合には、テレビカメラの撮像部
と焦点検出手段の光電変換素子とに同時に入射光
を照射しておく必要があるため、焦点検出に用い
られ光量の分だけ撮像部の感度が低下されてしま
う。特に、カラーテレビカメラにおいては、撮像
に必要な光量を充分大きくしておかねばならない
ので、上述の如き述来の焦点検出手段を適用する
のが困難である。なお、焦点検出に用いられる光
を、撮像に用いられる光とは、異なる入射光路を
通じて得るようにすれば、撮像部に充分な光量の
入射光を照射し得るのであるが、焦点検出用と撮
像用との各光軸がずれることによつて、近距離に
おける焦点検出に大きな誤差を生ずる欠点があり
実用的でない。
Such a focus detection section 16 includes a total reflection mirror 3
The photoelectric conversion element group 14 is used to detect the focus alignment state of the subject image due to the light containing the visible light component in the incident light that passes through the half mirror 3' in the center of the camera, so the image is captured through the eyepiece 8. This has the disadvantage that the amount of light for forming a subject image on the focus plate 5 that can be seen by the human eye 9 is reduced by the amount used for the focus detection. Note that in a single-lens reflex camera, the total reflection mirror 3 is normally lifted in conjunction with the shutter operation, so there is no reduction in the amount of light to the film 10. However, when applying the conventional focus detection means as described above to a television camera, etc., it is necessary to simultaneously irradiate the imaging unit of the television camera and the photoelectric conversion element of the focus detection means with incident light. The sensitivity of the imaging unit is reduced by the amount of light used for detection. In particular, in color television cameras, it is difficult to apply the above-mentioned conventional focus detection means because the amount of light required for imaging must be sufficiently large. Note that if the light used for focus detection is obtained through a different incident optical path than the light used for imaging, it is possible to irradiate the imaging section with a sufficient amount of incident light. This is not practical because it causes a large error in focus detection at short distances due to the misalignment of the respective optical axes.

そこで、本発明は上述の如き問題点を解消し、
主光量を減少させることなく正確な焦点検出を行
ない得る撮像装置の焦点検出装置を提供するもの
である。
Therefore, the present invention solves the above problems and
An object of the present invention is to provide a focus detection device for an imaging device that can perform accurate focus detection without reducing the amount of principal light.

以下、本発明について一実施例を示す図面に従
い詳細に説明する。
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings showing one embodiment.

第2図に本発明を適用したテレビカメラの一実
施例の構成を示す。
FIG. 2 shows the configuration of an embodiment of a television camera to which the present invention is applied.

この実施例は、撮像部21の撮像感度特性上の
有効光成分と長波長側の無効光成分とに入射光を
分光する分光手段としてダイクロイツクミラー2
5を入射光路中に配設し、上記分光手段により分
光された入射光中の無効光成分を隣接した2個の
楔型プリズム27,28を介して二列に配列され
たCCD素子26′よりなる光電変換素子群26を
用いた焦点検出部22に導き、入射光中の長波長
側の無効光成分が描く被写体像の焦点整合状態を
上記焦点検出部22によつて検出し、上記焦点検
出部22からの検出出力信号によつてローレツト
機構23を作動させて撮像レンズ24の移動を行
ない、テレビカメラの焦点を自動調整し得るよう
にしたものである。
In this embodiment, a dichroic mirror 2 is used as a spectroscopy means for separating incident light into an effective light component on the imaging sensitivity characteristic of the imaging section 21 and an invalid light component on the longer wavelength side.
5 is disposed in the incident optical path, and the invalid light component in the incident light separated by the above-mentioned spectroscopic means is transmitted from the CCD elements 26' arranged in two rows via two adjacent wedge-shaped prisms 27 and 28. The focus detection unit 22 detects the focus matching state of the subject image drawn by the invalid light component on the long wavelength side in the incident light, and the focus detection unit 22 The knurling mechanism 23 is actuated by the detection output signal from the section 22 to move the imaging lens 24, thereby making it possible to automatically adjust the focus of the television camera.

上記撮像部21は、一般的なビジコン等の撮像
手段から成り、通常、人間の視感特性に応じた撮
像感度特性を有し、可視光成分についての撮像を
行なう。一般的に、このような撮像部を備える撮
像装置では、入射光中に含まれる可視光成分以外
の無効光成分をフイルタによつて除去して撮像を
行なうような構成となつている。この実施例で
は、上記入射光中に含まれる長波長側の無効成分
すなわち赤外光成分を利用して焦点検出を行なつ
ている。
The image capturing section 21 is composed of an image capturing means such as a general vidicon, and normally has an image capturing sensitivity characteristic corresponding to a human visual perception characteristic, and performs image capturing of a visible light component. Generally, an imaging device including such an imaging section is configured to perform imaging by removing invalid light components other than visible light components contained in incident light using a filter. In this embodiment, focus detection is performed using the invalid component on the longer wavelength side, that is, the infrared light component contained in the incident light.

すなわち、上記分光手段として、例えば、第3
図Aに示す通過特性のように可視光成分Lは通過
し、第3図Bに示す反射特性のように赤外光成分
は反射するダイクロイツクミラー25を入射光
路中に配設し、入射光中の可視光成分は光量を減
少させることなく撮像部21に照射し、また、入
射光中の赤外光成分は焦点検出部22の光電変換
素子群26に照射するようになつている。
That is, as the spectroscopic means, for example, the third
A dichroic mirror 25 is disposed in the incident optical path, allowing the visible light component L to pass through as shown in the transmission characteristic shown in Figure A, and reflecting the infrared light component as shown in the reflection characteristic shown in Figure 3B. The visible light component in the incident light is irradiated onto the imaging unit 21 without reducing the amount of light, and the infrared light component in the incident light is irradiated onto the photoelectric conversion element group 26 of the focus detection unit 22.

ここで、この実施例における焦点検出部22
は、上述の第1図に示した従来例と同様に楔型プ
リズム27,28により上下あるいは左右等に分
割された被写体像が焦点合致に分割境界面で一致
する原理を利用して構成したものであり、その光
電変換素子群26として、CCD(Charge
Coupled Device)素子26′を第4図に示すよう
に二列に配設したものが用いられている。上記
CCD素子26′は、自己操作機能を有するので検
出出力信号の読み出しが簡単であり、また、近赤
外光成分付近の感度が高いので上記入射光中に含
まれる長波長側の無効成分すなわち赤外光成分を
利用して高感度の焦点検出を行うことができる。
Here, the focus detection section 22 in this embodiment
As in the conventional example shown in FIG. 1 above, this is constructed using the principle that the subject image divided vertically, horizontally, etc. by the wedge prisms 27 and 28 is brought into focus at the dividing boundary plane. As the photoelectric conversion element group 26, a CCD (Charge
A device in which coupled device elements 26' are arranged in two rows as shown in FIG. 4 is used. the above
Since the CCD element 26' has a self-operating function, it is easy to read out the detection output signal, and since it has high sensitivity near the near-infrared light component, it Highly sensitive focus detection can be performed using external light components.

なお、第2図中29は被写体である。また、3
0は上記ダイクロイツクミラー25によつて反射
される二つの楔型プリズム27,28を通過した
入射光中の赤外光成分により光電変換素子群26
上に被写体像を結像させるためのレンズである。
さらに、31は上記光電変換素子群26からの出
力信号について一致検出を行なう信号処理回路で
ある。
Note that 29 in FIG. 2 is a subject. Also, 3
0 is a photoelectric conversion element group 26 which is generated by the infrared light component in the incident light that has passed through the two wedge prisms 27 and 28 and is reflected by the dichroic mirror 25.
This is a lens for forming a subject image on top.
Furthermore, 31 is a signal processing circuit that performs coincidence detection on the output signals from the photoelectric conversion element group 26.

上記信号処理回路31は、第5図Aに示すよう
に光電変換素子群26上に結像される被写体29
の分割像29a,29bが分割境界にてずれてい
る場合にずれ量に応じた検出出力信号を出力して
ローレツト機構23を駆動し、第5図Bに示すよ
うに光電変換素子群26上にずれの無い被写体の
分割像29a,29bが結像されるまで上記ロー
レツト機構23を駆動して撮像レンズ24を光軸
方向に移動させ焦点調整を自動的に行なう。
The signal processing circuit 31 processes a subject 29 whose image is formed on the photoelectric conversion element group 26 as shown in FIG. 5A.
When the divided images 29a and 29b are shifted at the dividing boundary, a detection output signal corresponding to the amount of shift is outputted to drive the knurling mechanism 23, and as shown in FIG. The knurling mechanism 23 is driven to move the imaging lens 24 in the optical axis direction until the divided images 29a and 29b of the subject without any deviation are formed, thereby automatically adjusting the focus.

そこで、上述の如き、実施例においては、撮像
部21における撮像用の可視光成分と焦点検出部
22における焦点検出用の赤外光成分とを共通の
入射光中より分光して得ているので、近距離にお
ける焦点調整でも誤差を生ずることがなく、しか
も、焦点検出用の赤外光成分は撮像部21の無効
光成分であるので、上記撮像用の可視光成分の光
量を減少させることなく焦点検出を行なうことが
できる。従つて、テレビカメラの感度を上記焦点
検によつて低下されることがないので、低照度下
における被写体の撮像が可能となり、カラーカメ
ラ等の光量の多く必要とする撮像装置でも充分に
実用可能なオートフオーカス機構を実現すること
ができる。
Therefore, in the embodiment as described above, the visible light component for imaging in the imaging unit 21 and the infrared light component for focus detection in the focus detection unit 22 are obtained by spectrally dispersing the common incident light. , there is no error in focus adjustment at short distances, and since the infrared light component for focus detection is an invalid light component of the imaging section 21, the amount of visible light component for imaging is not reduced. Focus detection can be performed. Therefore, the sensitivity of the television camera is not reduced by the above-mentioned focus detection, so it is possible to image a subject under low illumination, and it is fully practical even with imaging devices that require a large amount of light, such as color cameras. This makes it possible to realize an autofocus mechanism.

次に、第6図は本発明の他の実施例を示す図面
であり、この実施例は光学ビユーフアインダ用の
入射光中の無効光成分(例えば赤外光成分)が描
く被写体像の焦点整合状態を焦点検出手段により
検出して、オートフオーカス機構を働かせるよう
にテレビカメラを構成したものである。
Next, FIG. 6 is a drawing showing another embodiment of the present invention, and this embodiment shows a focus matching state of a subject image drawn by an invalid light component (for example, an infrared light component) in the incident light for an optical viewfinder. The television camera is configured so that the focus detection means detects this and activates the autofocus mechanism.

この実施例において、撮像レンズ24を通じて
入射される入射光は、撮像部21への入射光路中
に配設されたハーフミラー32により撮像部21
用および光学ビユーフアインダー34用に各々可
視光成分を含んで二分割される。
In this embodiment, the incident light that enters through the imaging lens 24 is directed to the imaging unit 21 by a half mirror 32 disposed in the optical path of incidence to the imaging unit 21.
It is divided into two parts, each containing a visible light component and one for the optical viewfinder 34.

そして、上記ハーフミラー32を通過した入射
光は撮像部21に照射され、また、上記ハーフミ
ラー32により反射された入射光は全反射ミラー
33によりさらに反射されてダイクロイツクミラ
ー25に導びかれる。上記ダイクロイツクミラー
25は、入射光中の可視光成分を通過させ、ま
た、入射光中の赤外光成分は反射させるような分
光特性を有するものである。このダイクロイツク
ミラー25により分光された、入射光中の可視光
成分は光学ビユーフアインダー34に供給され、
また、入射光中の赤外光成分はさらに全反射ミラ
ー35により反射され焦点検出部22に導かれ
る。
The incident light that has passed through the half mirror 32 is irradiated onto the imaging section 21, and the incident light reflected by the half mirror 32 is further reflected by the total reflection mirror 33 and guided to the dichroic mirror 25. The dichroic mirror 25 has spectral characteristics such that visible light components in the incident light pass therethrough and infrared light components in the incident light are reflected. The visible light component in the incident light separated by this dichroic mirror 25 is supplied to an optical viewfinder 34,
Further, the infrared light component in the incident light is further reflected by the total reflection mirror 35 and guided to the focus detection section 22.

上記焦点検出部22は、上述の実施例と同様
に、微小光電変換素子群26、2個の楔型プリズ
ム27,28、レンズ30および信号処理回路3
1から構成されており、その検出出力信号により
ローレツト機構23を駆動させて、撮像レンズ2
4を光軸方向に移動せしめて自動的に焦点調整を
行なわせる。
The focus detection section 22 includes a microphotoelectric conversion element group 26, two wedge prisms 27, 28, a lens 30, and a signal processing circuit 3, as in the above embodiment.
1, the knurling mechanism 23 is driven by the detection output signal, and the imaging lens 2
4 in the optical axis direction to automatically adjust the focus.

このような構成の実施例においては、撮像者等
が目36により被写体29の像を確認するための
光学ビユーフアインダ34に被写体像を結像させ
る可視光成分の光量を減少させることのないよう
に、入射光中の赤外光成分を用いて焦点検出を行
なつているので、上記光学ビユーフアインダー3
4には明るい状態の被写体像を得ることができ、
しかも、自動的に焦点調整を行なうことができ
る。
In an embodiment with such a configuration, in order to avoid reducing the amount of visible light component that forms the subject image on the optical viewfinder 34 for the photographer or the like to confirm the image of the subject 29 with the eyes 36, Since focus detection is performed using the infrared light component in the incident light, the optical viewfinder 3 described above
4, it is possible to obtain a bright image of the subject,
Moreover, focus adjustment can be performed automatically.

上述の各実施例の説明から明らかなように、本
発明に係る撮像装置の焦点検出装置では、入射光
路中に配設した分光手段により入射光を撮像部の
撮像感度特性上の有効成分と長波長側の無効光成
分とに分光し、上記分光手段により分光された入
射光中の無効光成分を隣接した2個の楔型プリズ
ムを介して二列に配列されたCCD素子よりなる
焦点検出手段に導くことにより、入射光中の長波
長側の無効光成分を用いて焦点検出を行うように
してあるので、撮像に必要な主光量を減少させる
ことなく被写体像の焦点整合状態を近距離まで確
実に検出することができ、しかも、入射光の長波
長側の無効光成分すなわち赤外光成分が描く楔型
プリズムによるスピリツトイメージを近赤外光成
分付近の感度が高いCCD素子にて読み取るので
高感度の焦点検出を行うことができ、所期の目的
を充分に達成することができる。
As is clear from the description of each embodiment described above, in the focus detection device of the imaging device according to the present invention, the spectroscopic means disposed in the incident optical path separates the incident light from the effective component on the imaging sensitivity characteristic of the imaging section. Focus detection means comprising CCD elements arranged in two rows through two adjacent wedge-shaped prisms, which separate the invalid light components in the incident light into wavelength-side invalid light components, and separate the invalid light components in the incident light separated by the above-mentioned spectroscopic means. Since focus detection is performed using the invalid light component on the long wavelength side of the incident light, the focus alignment state of the subject image can be maintained at close range without reducing the amount of main light necessary for imaging. It can be detected reliably, and a CCD element with high sensitivity near the near-infrared light component reads the spirit image created by the wedge-shaped prism drawn by the invalid light component on the long wavelength side of the incident light, that is, the infrared light component. Therefore, highly sensitive focus detection can be performed, and the intended purpose can be fully achieved.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は従来の焦点検出装置を備えた一眼レフ
カメラを示す構成図である。第2図は本発明を適
用して構成したテレビカメラの一実施例を示す構
成図である。第3図A,Bは上記実施例における
ダイクロイツクミラーの分光特性を示す各特性線
図である。第4図は同じく微少光電変換素子群の
構成を示す平面図である。第5図A,Bは同じく
微少光電変換素子群上に描かれる被写体像の結像
状態を示す各平面図である。第6図は本発明の他
の実施例を示す構成図である。 21……撮像部、22……焦点検出部、24…
…撮像レンズ、25……ダイクロイツクミラー、
26……光電変換素子群、26′……CCD素子、
27,28……楔型プリズム、29……被写体。
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a single-lens reflex camera equipped with a conventional focus detection device. FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a television camera configured to apply the present invention. FIGS. 3A and 3B are characteristic diagrams showing the spectral characteristics of the dichroic mirror in the above embodiment. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the configuration of the microphotoelectric conversion element group. FIGS. 5A and 5B are plan views showing the state of formation of a subject image drawn on a group of minute photoelectric conversion elements. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. 21...imaging section, 22...focus detection section, 24...
...imaging lens, 25...dichroic mirror,
26...Photoelectric conversion element group, 26'...CCD element,
27, 28... wedge prism, 29... subject.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 入射光路中に配設した分光手段により入射光
を撮像部の撮像感度特性上の有効光成分と長波長
側の無効光成分とに分光し、上記分光手段により
分光された入射光中の無効光成分を隣接した2個
の楔型プリズムを介して二列に配列されたCCD
素子よりなる焦点検出手段に導くことにより、入
射光中の長波長側の無効光成分を用いて焦点検出
を行うようにしたことを特徴とする撮像装置の焦
点検出装置。
1 Split the incident light into an effective light component based on the imaging sensitivity characteristics of the imaging unit and an invalid light component on the longer wavelength side by a spectroscopic means disposed in the incident optical path, and separate the invalid light component in the incident light separated by the spectroscopic means. CCDs arranged in two rows pass light components through two adjacent wedge-shaped prisms.
1. A focus detection device for an imaging apparatus, characterized in that focus detection is performed using an invalid light component on the longer wavelength side in incident light by guiding it to a focus detection means consisting of an element.
JP9601278A 1978-08-07 1978-08-07 Focus detector for pick up unit Granted JPS5523631A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9601278A JPS5523631A (en) 1978-08-07 1978-08-07 Focus detector for pick up unit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9601278A JPS5523631A (en) 1978-08-07 1978-08-07 Focus detector for pick up unit

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5523631A JPS5523631A (en) 1980-02-20
JPS6115406B2 true JPS6115406B2 (en) 1986-04-24

Family

ID=14153276

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP9601278A Granted JPS5523631A (en) 1978-08-07 1978-08-07 Focus detector for pick up unit

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5523631A (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55111928A (en) * 1979-02-21 1980-08-29 Ricoh Co Ltd Automatic focusing device
JPS5913206A (en) * 1982-07-15 1984-01-24 Hitachi Denshi Ltd Focusing control device
JPS5950671A (en) * 1982-09-16 1984-03-23 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Method for displaying focus information of television camera or the like
JPH0718969B2 (en) * 1982-11-22 1995-03-06 オリンパス光学工業株式会社 microscope
JPS62147417A (en) * 1985-12-20 1987-07-01 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Video camera device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5523631A (en) 1980-02-20

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