JPS61135860A - Motorcar steering wheel - Google Patents

Motorcar steering wheel

Info

Publication number
JPS61135860A
JPS61135860A JP25810384A JP25810384A JPS61135860A JP S61135860 A JPS61135860 A JP S61135860A JP 25810384 A JP25810384 A JP 25810384A JP 25810384 A JP25810384 A JP 25810384A JP S61135860 A JPS61135860 A JP S61135860A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
spokes
main ring
ring
spoke
projections
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP25810384A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0348067B2 (en
Inventor
Masakazu Goto
雅一 後藤
Ichiro Hattori
一郎 服部
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tokai Rika Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Tokai Rika Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tokai Rika Co Ltd filed Critical Tokai Rika Co Ltd
Priority to JP25810384A priority Critical patent/JPS61135860A/en
Publication of JPS61135860A publication Critical patent/JPS61135860A/en
Publication of JPH0348067B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0348067B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D1/00Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
    • B62D1/02Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
    • B62D1/04Hand wheels

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Steering Controls (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To decrease number of parts and to cut down the cost, by providing projections having necessary height at the spoke attaching side on a main ring beforehand, also boring fitting holes on the projections, and inserting and welding the spokes to the fitting holes. CONSTITUTION:A cylindrical pipe is bent in a circular form, and its both ends are connected consisting a main ring 10. The both ends connected portion 10a is positioned at the upper center, and fitting holes 10c on the projections 10b, which are projected to the spoke attaching side, are bored by T-drill method at the two positions on the main ring 10 leaving necessary spaces left and right sides from the lower center. On the other hand, spokes 11 and 12 are integrally formed with a boss plate 13 to which their one ends are connected. Then the other ends of the spokes 11 and 12 are inserted to the fitting holes 10c enough to reach the bottom of the main ring 10. After that, the projections 10b are caulked, and the tips of the projections 10b are arc-welded 14 with the spoked 11 and 12.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 この発明は、自動車のハンドルに関し、メインリングと
スポークとの結合を簡易化すると共に、荷重に対する結
合部の強度向上を図るものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a steering wheel for an automobile, and is intended to simplify the connection between a main ring and spokes and to improve the strength of the connection portion against loads.

藍色Δ腹鼓 従来一般に、自動車のハンドルのリングとスポークとは
、第4図から第6図に示す3つの方法などで結合してい
る。
Indigo Blue Δ Belly Drum Conventionally, the ring and spokes of an automobile steering wheel are generally connected by three methods shown in FIGS. 4 to 6.

第4図の方法は、リングをメインリングlとサブリング
2とより構成すると共に、一端をボスプレート3に溶着
する2本のスポーク4.4の他端を曲折し、該曲折部4
 a、 4 aの先端をメインリング1の開口端より挿
入して溶接(図中Y)すると共に、他端をサブリング2
の先端と溶接して結合している。該方法では、各スポー
ク4はメインリング1とサブリング2とにそれぞれ溶接
しなければならず、合計4箇所、ボスプレート3との溶
接部を入れると6箇所の溶接が必要となり、非常に手数
がかかると共に、リングをメインリングとサブリングと
に分けているため部品点数が多くなることより、コスト
高となる。また、スポーク4の曲折部4aはリング1,
2に沿ったR形状にしなければならないと共に、メイン
リングIに丁度内嵌する形状にしなければならず、スポ
ークの形状に高い精度が要求される問題がある。
In the method shown in FIG. 4, the ring is composed of a main ring 1 and a sub-ring 2, and the other ends of two spokes 4.4, one end of which is welded to the boss plate 3, are bent, and the bent portion 4.
a, 4 Insert the tip of a from the open end of main ring 1 and weld it (Y in the figure), and attach the other end to sub ring 2.
It is joined by welding to the tip of. In this method, each spoke 4 must be welded to the main ring 1 and the sub-ring 2, respectively, and welding is required at 4 locations in total, and 6 locations including the welded section to the boss plate 3, which is very time-consuming. In addition, since the ring is divided into a main ring and a sub-ring, the number of parts increases, resulting in higher costs. Further, the bent portion 4a of the spoke 4 is connected to the ring 1,
The spokes must have an R shape along the lines 2 and 2, and must fit inside the main ring I, which poses the problem of requiring high precision in the shape of the spokes.

第5図に示す方法は、スポーク4°のリング結合側先端
を偏平につぶして、該偏平部4°bをメインリングlに
巻きつけて溶接(図中Y°)シている。
In the method shown in FIG. 5, the tips of the spokes 4° on the ring connection side are flattened, and the flattened portions 4°b are wrapped around the main ring 1 and welded (Y° in the figure).

該方法では、メインリングへの偏平部4°bの巻きつけ
に高い精度が要求されると共に、メインリングの溶接部
分が太くなるため、メインリングを持った時の手触りが
悪くなる等の問題がある。また、該第5図および上記第
4図のスポーク先端とリングとを溶接して結合する方法
では、メインリングに荷重が加わった際、該溶接部分に
曲げ荷重が集中し、小さな部分で荷重を負担するため大
きな応力が発生し、溶接部を起点とする亀裂がはいり折
損しやすい欠点がある。
This method requires high precision in wrapping the flat part 4°b around the main ring, and the welded part of the main ring becomes thicker, which causes problems such as a poor feel when holding the main ring. be. Furthermore, in the method of welding the spoke tips and the ring as shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 4 above, when a load is applied to the main ring, the bending load is concentrated on the welded part, and the load is absorbed in a small part. This has the drawback that large stress is generated due to the load, and cracks start at the welded part and are prone to breakage.

第6図に示す方法は、スポーク4”をボスプレート3と
一体成形したもので、スポーク4”に策4図に示す曲折
部を形成することが容易でないため、1字管継手5を用
いてメインリング1とサブリング2にスポーク4°を結
合している。即ち、スポーク4”の先端を1字管継手5
の開口5aへ、メインリングlの先端を継手5の開口5
bへ、サブリング2の先端を継手5の開口5Cへそれぞ
れ挿入し、該挿入後に、各嵌合部を溶着している。
In the method shown in FIG. 6, the spokes 4'' are integrally molded with the boss plate 3, and since it is not easy to form the bent portions shown in FIG. Spokes 4° are connected to main ring 1 and sub ring 2. In other words, connect the tip of the spoke 4'' to the 1-shaped pipe joint 5.
into the opening 5a of the joint 5, and insert the tip of the main ring l into the opening 5a of the joint 5.
b, the tips of the sub-rings 2 are inserted into the openings 5C of the joint 5, and after the insertion, the fitting parts are welded.

該方法においても、溶接部が各継手毎に3箇所、合計6
箇所あり、手数が掛かり自動化が容易に行えない。また
、1字管継手5の形状を外周はリング1.2に沿わせる
と共に、内径はスポークおよびリングを内嵌さする寸法
としなければならないが、通常、該丁字管継手はバルジ
加工で形成するため内径の寸法精度はだしにくい問題が
あり、かつ、この別部材の継手を必要とするため部品点
数がふえ、コスト高となる。さらに、リング1.2に継
手5を外嵌するため、段状となり、結合後に樹脂でカバ
ーする際に、樹脂の流れが悪くなると共に、樹脂でカバ
ーしても手触りが悪い欠点がある。
In this method, there are 3 welds for each joint, 6 in total.
There are many parts, and it is time-consuming and cannot be easily automated. In addition, the shape of the T-shaped pipe joint 5 must be such that the outer periphery follows the ring 1.2, and the inner diameter must be dimensioned to fit the spokes and the ring, but usually the T-shaped pipe joint is formed by bulge processing. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve dimensional accuracy of the inner diameter, and since this separate joint is required, the number of parts increases, resulting in high costs. Furthermore, since the joint 5 is externally fitted onto the ring 1.2, the ring 1.2 has a step-like shape, and when covering it with resin after joining, the flow of the resin is poor, and even if the ring 1.2 is covered with resin, it feels unpleasant to the touch.

発明の目的 この発明は上記した従来の問題を解消せんとするもので
あり、別部材を不要として部品点数を削減しコスト低下
を図ると共に、スポークとリングとの溶接箇所を各1箇
所として組み付けを簡易化し、かつ、リングに加わる荷
重をスポーク全体のネジリで負担するようにして強度の
向上を図り、容易に折損が生じないようにするものであ
る。
Purpose of the Invention The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and aims to reduce the number of parts and cost by eliminating the need for separate members, and also allows the spokes and the ring to be assembled at one welding location each. The purpose is to simplify the ring, and to improve the strength by having the load applied to the ring be borne by the twisting of the entire spoke, so that it does not easily break.

^匪然惺底 この発明は上記した目的を達成するためになされたもの
であり、メインリングに前以てT−ドリル法等により適
宜な2箇所以上の位置に所要高さの張出部をスポーク取
付側に突出させたスポーク嵌合穴を穿設し、ボスプレー
トと一体化したあるいは一端を固着した2本以上のスポ
ークの各棒状端部をそれぞれ上記張出部より嵌合穴へ挿
入し、該挿入後に張出部端部とスポークとを溶着してメ
インリングとスポークとを結合することを特徴とする自
動車のハンドルを提供するものである。
This invention was made to achieve the above-mentioned object, and involves forming protrusions of the required height at two or more appropriate positions on the main ring in advance using the T-drill method or the like. Drill a spoke fitting hole that protrudes from the spoke mounting side, and insert each rod-shaped end of two or more spokes that are integrated with the boss plate or have one end fixed to the fitting hole from the above-mentioned overhang. The present invention provides a steering wheel for an automobile, characterized in that after the insertion, the ends of the projecting portions and the spokes are welded to connect the main ring and the spokes.

寒電匹 以下、この発明を第1図から第3図に示す実施例により
詳細に説明する。
Hereinafter, this invention will be explained in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.

図中、!0はメインリング、11.+2は一対のスポー
ク、13は上記スポーク11.12と一体に成形したボ
スプレートである。
In the diagram! 0 is the main ring, 11. +2 is a pair of spokes, and 13 is a boss plate integrally molded with the spokes 11 and 12.

上記メインリング10は1本の円筒状パイプよりなり、
その両端を溶着して円環状とするものであり、鋼溶着接
合部10aは運転者側と反対の中心位置に位置するよう
にし、運転車側の中心より左右にそれぞれ所要間隔(約
45°)をあけた2m所に、スポーク取付側に張出部1
0bを突出させた嵌合穴10cを穿設している。該メイ
ンリング10は、第2図の加工工程図に示すように、ま
ず、円筒状パイプを円環状に曲げ加工した後、上記両端
接合部10aと反対側の運転者側中心Pよりそれぞれ所
要間隔(約45°)あけた位置に、内周面側に前以て公
知のT−ドリル法で穴あけ加工を施し、外周縁部より張
出部10bを中心側に向かって突出した嵌合穴10cを
成形している。該張出部Jobの高さHは、メインリン
グIOの高応力部に悪影響を及ぼさないように、溶接ビ
ード巾以上(2−m以上)としている。本実施例では、
メインリングlOの外径りを15φ、壁厚Wを1.5+
+nとし、張出部IObの外径dを15φ(内径=嵌合
穴10cの径を12φ)、高さHを3−一に設定してい
る。
The main ring 10 is made of one cylindrical pipe,
Both ends are welded to form an annular shape, and the steel welded joint 10a is located at the center opposite to the driver's side, with a required distance (approximately 45 degrees) left and right from the center on the driver's side. At a distance of 2 m from the
A fitting hole 10c with a protruding portion 0b is formed. As shown in the machining process diagram of FIG. 2, the main ring 10 is manufactured by first bending a cylindrical pipe into an annular shape, and then bending the pipe at required intervals from the center P on the driver's side opposite to the both end joints 10a. (approximately 45 degrees), a fitting hole 10c is drilled in advance on the inner circumferential surface using a known T-drilling method, and the overhanging portion 10b protrudes from the outer circumferential edge toward the center. is being molded. The height H of the overhang Job is set to be equal to or greater than the weld bead width (2-m or greater) so as not to adversely affect the high stress portion of the main ring IO. In this example,
The outer diameter of the main ring IO is 15φ, and the wall thickness W is 1.5+
+n, the outer diameter d of the overhanging portion IOb is set to 15φ (inner diameter=the diameter of the fitting hole 10c is 12φ), and the height H is set to 3-1.

尚、該張出部を有する穴は、T−ドリル法に代えて、周
知のフレア一方式で成形してもよい。
Note that the hole having the protruding portion may be formed by a well-known flare method instead of the T-drill method.

一方、上記スポーク+1.12はボスプレート+3と一
端を連結して一体成形しており、リング取付側の突出端
部11a、12aは、上記張出部10bに内嵌する円柱
棒状の単純形状としている。
On the other hand, the spokes +1.12 are integrally molded with one end connected to the boss plate +3, and the protruding ends 11a and 12a on the ring attachment side have a simple cylindrical rod shape that fits inside the protruding part 10b. There is.

上記スポーク11.12とメインリングlOとを結合す
る際、まず、スポークIt、12の端部11a、+2a
をメインリングIOの張出部10b。
When joining the spokes 11.12 and the main ring IO, first, the ends 11a, +2a of the spokes It, 12
is the overhang part 10b of the main ring IO.

tobに挿入し、先端を嵌合穴10cよりメインリング
IO内まで挿入する。該嵌合後に、張出部tobをカシ
メ、ついで、張出部tab、+obの先端とスポークI
I、12とをCO,アーク溶接型4で溶着している。尚
、スポーク11、+2と張出部tobとの嵌合部に空隙
がなく、略密嵌状態となる時は上記カシメ工程は不要で
ある。
tob, and insert the tip into the main ring IO through the fitting hole 10c. After the fitting, the overhanging part tob is caulked, and then the tips of the overhanging parts tab and +ob and the spoke I
I and 12 are welded using CO and arc welding type 4. Incidentally, when there is no gap in the fitting portion between the spokes 11, +2 and the overhanging portion tob, and a substantially tight fitting state is achieved, the above-mentioned caulking step is not necessary.

上記のごとくスポーク11,12とメインリング10と
を結合する場合、メインリング10の取付位置に前以て
嵌合穴を設けているため、スポークの取付位置決めが容
易正確に行え、しかも、スポークII、12の端部を張
出部10bに挿入し、溶着するだけであるため、極めて
簡単ノこ結合することが出来、自動化が容易に行える。
When connecting the spokes 11, 12 and the main ring 10 as described above, since the fitting holes are provided in advance at the installation positions of the main ring 10, the installation positions of the spokes can be easily and accurately determined. , 12 into the overhanging portion 10b and welding them together, the joining can be extremely simple and can be easily automated.

上記した結合構造とした場合の耐婿重性を、前記第5図
及び第6図に示す従来例と比較試験した。
The weight resistance of the above bonded structure was compared with the conventional example shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 above.

従来例に比較して、折損に対しての耐荷重性が数倍もし
くは数十倍向上した。これは、本実施例では、負荷され
る荷重をスポーク全体のネジリに変換してスポークの全
体積で負担するため、最大応力が小さく押さえられたか
らである。
Compared to the conventional example, the load resistance against breakage is improved several times or even tens of times. This is because, in this embodiment, the applied load is converted into torsion of the entire spoke and is borne by the entire spoke volume, so the maximum stress is kept small.

尚、この発明は上記実施例に限定されず、スポークII
、12をボスプレートI3と一体成形せずに、別体とし
、一端をボスプレートに溶着すると共に他端を上記方法
でメインリング[0に結合してもよい。また、スポーク
の数は2本以上としてもよく、その場合、スポーク数に
相当する数の張出部を有する嵌合穴をメインリング側に
前以て設けておく必要がある。
It should be noted that this invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and Spoke II
, 12 may not be integrally molded with the boss plate I3, but may be formed as separate bodies, one end of which is welded to the boss plate, and the other end of which is coupled to the main ring [0 by the method described above. Further, the number of spokes may be two or more, and in that case, it is necessary to provide fitting holes in the main ring side in advance, each having a number of overhangs corresponding to the number of spokes.

発明の効果 以上の説明より明らかなように、この発明に係る自動車
のハンドルによれば、下記に列挙する効果を有するもの
である。
Effects of the Invention As is clear from the above description, the automobile steering wheel according to the present invention has the following effects.

■スポークのリング結合側の形状を単純な棒状として容
易に成形でき、かっ、メインリング側に成形する張出部
を有する嵌合穴はT−ドリル法等?こより簡単に成形出
来ると共に、スポークを嵌合する内径の寸法を上記加工
法で精度よくだせるため、部品の成形加工が極めて簡単
となり、コストの低下が図れる。
■The shape of the ring connection side of the spoke can be easily formed into a simple rod shape, and the fitting hole with the overhang that is formed on the main ring side can be formed using the T-drill method? In addition to being easier to mold, the dimensions of the inner diameter into which the spokes are fitted can be determined with high precision using the above-mentioned processing method, making it extremely easy to mold the parts and reducing costs.

■スポークとメインリングとの結合は、スポークの先端
を張出部より挿入した後、張出部の先端とスポークとを
溶接するだけであり、かつ、溶接箇所は1本のスポーク
につき1箇所であるため、極めて簡単となり、自動化が
可能となる。
■To connect the spokes and the main ring, simply insert the tip of the spoke through the overhang and then weld the tip of the overhang to the spoke, and only one welding point is required for each spoke. This makes it extremely simple and allows for automation.

■従来必要とされた別体のT字管継手等は不要となり、
かつ、リングもサブリングが不要でメインリングだけの
ため、部品点数が減少し、コストを低下できる。
■Separate T-shaped pipe joints, etc. that were previously required are no longer required.
Moreover, since there is no need for a sub-ring and only a main ring, the number of parts can be reduced and costs can be reduced.

■スポークとメインリングを結合した後に、樹脂でカバ
ーする際、メインリングに段部が生じないため、樹脂の
流動性が均一化し、メインリングの外周に樹脂が均一に
カバーされ、ハンドルを持った時の手触りが良好となる
■When covering the spokes and main ring with resin after joining, there are no steps on the main ring, so the fluidity of the resin becomes uniform, and the outer circumference of the main ring is evenly covered with resin, making it easier to hold the handle. The feel of the time becomes better.

■メインリングに荷重が加わった時、スポークはネジリ
で荷重を負担するため、耐荷重性が向上し、スポークと
メインリングとの結合部の強度が大となって、折損が発
生しにくい。
■When a load is applied to the main ring, the spokes bear the load by twisting, which improves load resistance and increases the strength of the connection between the spokes and the main ring, making it difficult for breakage to occur.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図はこの発明の実施例を示す要部断面平面図、第2
図はメインリングの加工工程を示す図面、第3図はメイ
ンリングの要部斜視図、第4図、第5図および第6図は
それぞれ従来例を示す平面図である。 10・・・メインリング  10a・・・接合部10b
・・・張出部     10c・・・嵌合穴11.12
・・・スポーク I I a、  I 2a・・・端部 13・・・ボスプレート I4・・・溶接 特許出願人 株式会社 東海理化電機製作折代 理 人
 弁理士  青白 葆 はが2名第2図 1り 第4tM 第5図 第6図
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional plan view of main parts showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
3 is a perspective view of a main part of the main ring, and FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 are plan views each showing a conventional example. 10... Main ring 10a... Joint part 10b
...Protruding portion 10c...Fitting hole 11.12
... Spoke I I a, I 2 a ... End 13 ... Boss plate I4 ... Welding patent applicant Tokai Rika Denki Co., Ltd. Agent Patent attorney 2 people Fig. 2 1st 4th tM Figure 5 Figure 6

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)メインリングに前以てT−ドリル法等により適宜
な2箇所以上の位置に所要高さの張出部をスポーク取付
側に突出させたスポーク嵌合穴を穿設し、ボスプレート
と一体化したあるいは一端を固着した2本以上のスポー
クの各棒状端部をそれぞれ上記張出部より嵌合穴へ挿入
し、該挿入後に張出部端部とスポークとを溶着してメイ
ンリングとスポークとを結合することを特徴とする自動
車のハンドル。
(1) Spoke fitting holes with projecting parts of the required height protruding toward the spoke mounting side are drilled in advance at two or more appropriate positions in the main ring using the T-drill method, etc., and the boss plate and The rod-shaped ends of two or more spokes that are integrated or have one end fixed to each other are inserted into the fitting holes from the above-mentioned overhang, and after the insertion, the ends of the overhang and the spokes are welded to form a main ring. An automobile steering wheel characterized by being combined with spokes.
(2)上記特許請求の範囲(1)記載の自動車のハンド
ルにおいて、上記メインリングに成形する張出部の高さ
は約2mm以上とすることを特徴とする自動車のハンド
ル。
(2) The steering wheel for an automobile according to claim (1), wherein the height of the projecting portion formed on the main ring is approximately 2 mm or more.
(3)上記特許請求の範囲(1)記載の自動車のハンド
ルにおいて、スポークを張出部より嵌合穴に挿入した後
、該張出部とスポークを溶着することを特徴とする自動
車のハンドル。
(3) The steering wheel for an automobile according to claim (1), characterized in that the spoke is inserted into the fitting hole through the overhang and then the spoke is welded to the overhang.
JP25810384A 1984-12-05 1984-12-05 Motorcar steering wheel Granted JPS61135860A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP25810384A JPS61135860A (en) 1984-12-05 1984-12-05 Motorcar steering wheel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP25810384A JPS61135860A (en) 1984-12-05 1984-12-05 Motorcar steering wheel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS61135860A true JPS61135860A (en) 1986-06-23
JPH0348067B2 JPH0348067B2 (en) 1991-07-23

Family

ID=17315538

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP25810384A Granted JPS61135860A (en) 1984-12-05 1984-12-05 Motorcar steering wheel

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS61135860A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105197092A (en) * 2015-09-07 2015-12-30 芜湖仅一机械有限公司 Steering wheel
US11415031B2 (en) 2017-07-21 2022-08-16 Bosal Emission Control Systems Nv Method for forming a collar in a muffler housing

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60104368U (en) * 1983-12-22 1985-07-16 豊田合成株式会社 Core metal for steering wheel

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60104368U (en) * 1983-12-22 1985-07-16 豊田合成株式会社 Core metal for steering wheel

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105197092A (en) * 2015-09-07 2015-12-30 芜湖仅一机械有限公司 Steering wheel
US11415031B2 (en) 2017-07-21 2022-08-16 Bosal Emission Control Systems Nv Method for forming a collar in a muffler housing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0348067B2 (en) 1991-07-23

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