JPS61119911A - Liquid fuel catalyst burner - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the inside surface of a burner wall from a tar adhesion caused by the moisture condensation of a liquid fuel by means of the thermal decomposition of the liquid fuel by a method wherein a catalyst is coated on the inside wall of a catalyst burner main body for decomposing and removing the tar. CONSTITUTION:A tar removing catalyst 17 is coated on the inside surface of a burner main body 16, the catalyst 17 is mainly composed of a transition metal oxide such as a Co, N2, Mn, Fe, Cr, Cu and the like, and added by adequate amount of mixture such as a SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, NaOH for obtaining the adhesion properties. A catalyst body 18 is fitted on the front surface of the burner main body 16, a diffusion mat 19 is adhered on the back surface side of the burner main body 16. By energizing a pre-heater 23 and obtaining the designated temperature of the catalyst body 18, a thermocouple 24 detects the temperature, vibrates the ultrasonic vibrator 2. A liquid column 10 is formed in a fuel oil 8 by the ultrasonic vibration the finely puluerized particle 11 is produced, carried into a moisture transferring cylinder 13 pneumatically fed through a blast pipe 12, introduced into the burner main body 16. In case that the finely puluerized particle is adhered on the inside wall of the burner, the particle is acted by oxidation reaction or rewarming reaction with the catalyst coated on the wall surface, then a hydrocarbon is removed completely.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は耐熱性の無機繊維物の形状をした触媒体に液体
燃料を供給し、低温触媒燃焼させる家庭用あるいは工業
用の液体燃料触媒燃焼器に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a liquid fuel catalytic combustor for domestic or industrial use that supplies liquid fuel to a catalyst body in the form of a heat-resistant inorganic fiber and performs low-temperature catalytic combustion. It is something.

従来の技術 従来の低温触媒燃焼器はほとんど常温でガス体となって
いる燃料（各種都市がヌ、プロパン、ブタン等）を用い
ている（例えば実開昭５８−１０７４２０号公報、実開
昭５８−４２５２１号公報、実開昭５８−４２５２０号
公報、実開昭５６−１４９２３０号公報）。Conventional technology Conventional low-temperature catalytic combustors use fuels that are gaseous at room temperature (propane, butane, etc.) (for example, Utility Model Application Publication No. 58-107420, Utility Model Application Publication No. 1983) -42521, Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 58-42520, Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 56-149230).

まだ液体燃料と用いる低温触媒燃焼器の場合でも常温近
辺において自然蒸発するベンジンを用いた携帯用懐炉（
例えば市販＋１白金カイロ“　、″黄金カイロ″等）あ
るいは電気ヒータなど多くの電気エネルギーを消費する
方法（例えば特開昭５７−２５９０６号公報、特開昭５
７−３５７４３号公報）などがあった。液体燃料を用い
る場合においても、その液体燃料が目的の触媒体に到達
する曲に燃焼器の各種燃料通路の器壁に結露付着すると
、その箇所においてタール化する欠点があった。Even in the case of a low-temperature catalytic combustor that uses liquid fuel, a portable hand warmer using benzine that naturally evaporates at around room temperature (
For example, methods that consume a lot of electrical energy such as commercially available +1 platinum body warmers, ``golden body warmers,'' etc.) or methods that consume a lot of electrical energy such as electric heaters (for example, JP-A-57-25906, JP-A-5
7-35743). Even when liquid fuel is used, there is a drawback that if the liquid fuel condenses on the walls of the various fuel passages of the combustor while it reaches the target catalyst, it will turn into tar at that location.

またその様な現象に対しての対策も行なわれだ例がない
。Furthermore, there are no examples of countermeasures being taken against such phenomena.

発明が解決しようとする問題点 上記の様に液体燃料を用いた触媒燃焼器の欠点は、燃焼
器の内面器壁に結露付着した液体燃料が長時間滞溜し、
適当な温度雰囲気下においてタール化する事である。特
に後述する本発明の実施例の様に液体燃料を熱により完
全気化させず、超音波振動により霧化させた微粒子は容
易に結露してしまい、タール化の傾向は著しい。Problems to be Solved by the Invention As mentioned above, the disadvantage of the catalytic combustor using liquid fuel is that the liquid fuel, which has condensed on the inner wall of the combustor, remains for a long time.
It turns into tar under an appropriate temperature atmosphere. Particularly, as in the embodiments of the present invention described later, fine particles that are atomized by ultrasonic vibration without completely vaporizing liquid fuel by heat easily condense and have a remarkable tendency to turn into tar.

本発明は上記従来例における燃焼器の器壁に結露により
付着した液体燃料を熱分解させてタール化するのを防止
するものである。The present invention prevents the liquid fuel that adheres to the wall of the combustor due to dew condensation from being thermally decomposed and turned into tar in the conventional example.

問題点を解決するだめの手段 上記問題点を解決するために本発明は触媒燃焼器本体内
側器壁にタールを分解除去する触媒を塗布し、付着した
液体燃料を適当な温度条件下において取り除く手段を講
じたものである。Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides means for applying a catalyst for decomposing and removing tar on the inner wall of the catalytic combustor main body, and removing the adhered liquid fuel under appropriate temperature conditions. This study included the following.

作用 この事により液体燃料が燃焼器本体の内面器壁に付着し
ても、その箇所の温度が２００°Ｃ以上あり、長時間滞
溜すれば液体燃料は触媒の効果で分解除去できる。液体
燃料が付着するのけ燃焼開始初期の器壁が十分加熱され
ていない時であり、定常燃焼時は器壁が加熱されている
ため付着することはない。付着した液体燃料は時間の経
過と共に器壁温度が上昇し、大部分の燃料は再蒸発する
が、一部分は残る。従来はこの一部残った炭化水素が熱
と酸素の存在下で脱水素、Ｉｍ重合を繰り返し、タール
化するが、本発明の構成の場合、炭化水素は触媒により
最終のＣＯ２とＨ２Ｏまで変化し、完全にタールを除去
あるいはタール化を防止することができる。As a result, even if liquid fuel adheres to the inner wall of the combustor main body, the temperature at that location is 200°C or higher, and if it stays for a long time, the liquid fuel can be decomposed and removed by the effect of the catalyst. Liquid fuel only adheres to the vessel wall at the beginning of combustion when it is not sufficiently heated, and during steady combustion the vessel wall is heated and does not adhere to it. The temperature of the adhering liquid fuel increases over time, and most of the fuel reevaporates, but some remains. Conventionally, this partially remaining hydrocarbon undergoes repeated dehydrogenation and Im polymerization in the presence of heat and oxygen to turn into tar, but in the case of the structure of the present invention, the hydrocarbon is converted to the final CO2 and H2O by a catalyst. , can completely remove tar or prevent tar formation.

実施例 本実施例について第１図によって説明する。Example This embodiment will be explained with reference to FIG.

１は霧化器であり、超音波振動子２ｆｃ、油槽３の油槽
底４にシールゴム５と押え板６によって固定されている
。油槽３には給油ｆ７が接続されており、オイルタンク
（図示せず）より給油している。８は油槽ｓ内にある一
定しベル溜められている燃料油であり、超音波振動子２
の上方に一定の間隙をあけて振動拡大ホーン９が配設さ
れており、さらに該振動拡大ホーン９の上方液面にけ液
柱１０が形成され、液柱よりは微粒子１１が発生し続さ
れている。また油槽３の天面には霧送筒１３の一方の口
１４が液柱９を取り囲むように接続され、他方の口１５
は触媒燃焼器本体１６に接続されている。燃焼器本体１
６の内面にはＭ、０２　。Reference numeral 1 denotes an atomizer, which includes an ultrasonic vibrator 2fc and is fixed to the oil tank bottom 4 of the oil tank 3 with a seal rubber 5 and a presser plate 6. An oil supply f7 is connected to the oil tank 3, and oil is supplied from an oil tank (not shown). Reference numeral 8 denotes fuel oil stored in a constant bell in the oil tank s, and the ultrasonic vibrator 2
A vibration amplifying horn 9 is disposed above with a certain gap, and a liquid column 10 is formed on the liquid surface above the vibration amplifying horn 9, and fine particles 11 are continuously generated from the liquid column. ing. Further, one port 14 of a mist feed tube 13 is connected to the top surface of the oil tank 3 so as to surround the liquid column 9, and the other port 15 is connected to the top surface of the oil tank 3.
is connected to the catalytic combustor main body 16. Combustor body 1
M, 02 on the inside of 6.

Ｃｏ３Ｏ４、Ｎ　ｉ　Ｏの遷移金属酸化物の微粒子とＡ
ｌ　２０３　、　Ｍ　ｇｏ　、　ＮａＯＨ粉末を混合さ
せたタール除去触媒１７を塗布している。燃焼器本体１
６の前面には耐熱性無機繊維体を７７ト状に成形した触
媒担体の表面にＰｔ、Ｐｄ、Ｒｈ等白金族金属を担持さ
せた触媒体１８を嵌め込み、その裏面側には触媒を担持
させない耐熱性無機繊維体をマント状に成形した拡散マ
ット１９を密着させている。Co3O4, N i O transition metal oxide fine particles and A
A tar removal catalyst 17 containing a mixture of l 203 , M go , and NaOH powder is applied. Combustor body 1
A catalyst body 18 in which platinum group metals such as Pt, Pd, and Rh are supported on the surface of a catalyst carrier made of a heat-resistant inorganic fiber material 77 is fitted on the front side of the catalyst 6, and no catalyst is supported on the back side of the catalyst body 18. A diffusion mat 19 made of a heat-resistant inorganic fiber shaped like a cloak is closely attached.

そして触媒体１８＠面を金網２０で覆い、拡散マット１
９の後部は金網２１で覆い、全体として金網２０．２１
で挾み込まれており、燃焼器本体１６の前部外周には触
媒体１８等の脱離を防ぐため７ランジ２２を設けている
。拡散マット１９の内部には細形（外径３φ以下）のシ
ーズヒータ形の予熱ヒータ２３を設置している。なお触
媒体１８内部に燃焼器本体１６の外壁より熱電対２４が
挿入されている。Then, the surface of the catalyst body 18 is covered with a wire mesh 20, and the diffusion mat 1
The rear part of 9 is covered with wire mesh 21, and the whole is covered with wire mesh 20.21.
Seven flanges 22 are provided on the front outer periphery of the combustor main body 16 to prevent the catalyst body 18 and the like from detaching. Inside the diffusion mat 19, a narrow (outer diameter 3φ or less) sheathed heater type preheating heater 23 is installed. Note that a thermocouple 24 is inserted into the catalyst body 18 from the outer wall of the combustor main body 16.

次に上記構成における液体燃料触媒燃焼器の作用を説明
する。Next, the operation of the liquid fuel catalytic combustor with the above configuration will be explained.

先ず拡散７７ト１９内の予熱ヒータ２３に通電される。First, the preheater 23 in the diffusion 77 19 is energized.

触媒体１８が酸化可能なある一定温度に達すると、熱電
対２４がこれを検知し、超音波発振器（図示せず）を駆
動させ、超音波振動子２を振動させる。超音波振動は燃
料油８中を伝播し、振動拡大ホーン９によって振動を拡
大された後、液面へ達し、液柱１０を形成する。それに
伴なって微粒子１１が発生し、送風Ｗ１２より送られて
くる空気によって霧送筒１３内に運ばれて、燃焼器本体
１６に入る。微粒子は途中で気化され、拡散マット１９
を通り抜け、触媒体１８内部で触媒燃焼される。When the catalyst body 18 reaches a certain temperature at which it can be oxidized, the thermocouple 24 detects this and drives an ultrasonic oscillator (not shown) to vibrate the ultrasonic transducer 2. The ultrasonic vibrations propagate through the fuel oil 8, are amplified by a vibration amplifying horn 9, reach the liquid surface, and form a liquid column 10. Along with this, particulates 11 are generated and are carried into the atomizer cylinder 13 by the air sent from the blower W12, and then enter the combustor main body 16. The fine particles are vaporized on the way, and the diffusion mat 19
and is catalytically burned inside the catalyst body 18.

微粒子が燃焼器本体１６に運ばれ、その一部が燃焼器の
内部器壁に付着した場合、ｇｇ壁に塗布された触媒によ
り次の反応を起し完全に除去されるＣｎＨｍ　＋　０２
熱＋Ｃ＆ｔ、　ＣＯ２＋Ｈ２０−（１）ＣｎＨｍ＋Ｈ２
０熱十Ｃａｔ、　ＣＨ４＋Ｈ２＋　Ｃ０２（２）上式の
様に熱と触媒の存在下において酸素とは酸化反応を起し
、また水分（水蒸気）とはりオーミング反応を起すこと
が確認されている。いずれの反応においても炭化水素は
完全に除去できる。When particulates are transported to the combustor main body 16 and some of them adhere to the inner wall of the combustor, the catalyst applied to the gg wall causes the following reaction and completely removes CnHm + 02.
Heat+C&t, CO2+H20-(1)CnHm+H2
0 Heat 1 Cat, CH4+H2+ C02 (2) As shown in the above equation, it has been confirmed that an oxidation reaction occurs with oxygen in the presence of heat and a catalyst, and an ohming reaction occurs with moisture (steam). Hydrocarbons can be completely removed in either reaction.

触媒体が存在しない場合には炭化水素が熱と酸素の存在
下において徐々に脱水素反応を起し、酸化および解重合
を繰り返し、タール化に進行することは言うまでもない
。Needless to say, in the absence of a catalyst, hydrocarbons undergo a gradual dehydrogenation reaction in the presence of heat and oxygen, undergo repeated oxidation and depolymerization, and progress to tar formation.

使用される触媒は先に述べたようにＭ　ｎ　Ｏ２。The catalyst used is MnO2 as mentioned above.

Ｃｏ３Ｏ４、Ｎｘ０等遷移金属酸化物が適しており、Ｐ
ｔ　、　Ｐｄ　、　Ｒｈ等白金族は触媒活性が良すぎて
器壁で触媒燃焼を起こしてしまい、燃焼器の性能が悪化
してしまう。Transition metal oxides such as Co3O4 and Nx0 are suitable, and P
Platinum group metals such as t, Pd, and Rh have too good catalytic activity and cause catalytic combustion on the vessel wall, deteriorating the performance of the combustor.

発明の効果 以上のように本発明の液体燃料触媒燃焼器によれば、以
下列記した様な効果を有する。Effects of the Invention As described above, the liquid fuel catalytic combustor of the present invention has the following effects.

（１）従来の液体学科を用いた触媒燃焼器の有する最も
大きな欠点である燃焼器の内部器壁に液体燃料が付着し
、生成するタールを未然に防ぐことができる。(1) The biggest drawback of conventional catalytic combustors using liquid chemistry, which is the adhesion of liquid fuel to the inner wall of the combustor and the formation of tar, can be prevented.

（２）触媒が塗料タイプとなるため、器壁内面への塗布
が容易である。(2) Since the catalyst is a paint type, it is easy to apply it to the inner surface of the vessel wall.

（３）従来の低温触媒燃焼器は主としてガス燃料が主で
あったが、定常状態で液体である灯油の様な燃料でも比
較的簡単な構成で低温触媒燃焼器となり得る。(3) Conventional low-temperature catalytic combustors have mainly used gas fuel, but even fuels such as kerosene, which are liquid in a steady state, can be used as low-temperature catalytic combustors with a relatively simple configuration.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

図面は本発明の一実施例を示す液体燃料触媒燃焼器の縦
断面図である。 １・・・・・霧化器、２・・・−・・超音波振動子、１
６・・・・・燃焼器本体、１７・・・・・タール除去触
媒。The drawing is a longitudinal sectional view of a liquid fuel catalytic combustor showing one embodiment of the present invention. 1...Atomizer, 2...--Ultrasonic vibrator, 1
6... Combustor body, 17... Tar removal catalyst.

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] （１）内面にタール除去触媒を塗布した金属性のバーナ
本体に耐熱性の無機繊維マット、あるいは耐熱性の無機
繊維織物に酸化触媒を担持させた触媒体を設置し、触媒
体に液体燃料を霧化、あるいは気化させ、一次空気と共
に供給させる機構を有する液体燃料触媒燃焼器。(1) A catalyst body made of a heat-resistant inorganic fiber mat or a heat-resistant inorganic fiber fabric supporting an oxidation catalyst is installed on a metal burner body whose inner surface is coated with a tar removal catalyst, and liquid fuel is applied to the catalyst body. A liquid fuel catalytic combustor that has a mechanism for atomizing or vaporizing it and supplying it together with primary air. （２）タール除去触媒はＣｏ、Ｎ＿２、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃ
ｒ、Ｃｕ等遷移金属酸化物を主体とし、接着性を得るた
めにＳｉＯ＿２、Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３、ＭｇＯ、ＣａＯ、Ｎ
ａＯＨ等を適量混合させた特許請求の範囲第１項に記載
の液体燃料触媒燃焼器。(2) Tar removal catalyst is Co, N_2, Mn, Fe, C
Mainly composed of transition metal oxides such as r, Cu, and SiO_2, Al_2O_3, MgO, CaO, N to obtain adhesive properties.
The liquid fuel catalytic combustor according to claim 1, in which an appropriate amount of aOH or the like is mixed.