JPS6091925A - Irrigation apparatus in pot culture - Google Patents

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 この発明は渭）水を繰返し行うことによシ、鉢土の土壌
構造が単’Ｅ１組織に変化して固結化する事を防ぎ、且
つ必要なｌｕＩ水量を均一確実に各鉢に自動的に潅水す
る装（ｖ（に関するものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] This invention prevents the soil structure of potted soil from changing into a mono'E1 structure and solidifying by repeatedly applying water, and uniformly distributes the required amount of luI water. It concerns a system (v) that ensures automatic watering of each pot.

従来の渚１水方法には、散水方式やバイブ方式が一般に
行なわれているが、いづれも短時間に多用の水を針上表
面に注ぐ為、土壌の団粒組織が単粒組織に変ｆヒし固結
するので、土壌中の空気１壮が少くなり根の発育を阻害
する一ヒ、散水方式の場合は鉢ｅ外にも散水され水の損
失が大きく、特に自動化すればこの傾向が著しい。また
パ１プ方式の場合は鉢外に散水しないので水の損失は比
較的少いが、一時に多量の水を必要とする為、大きな送
水能力が必要で、水量が少いか、圧力が低い場合は潅水
が甚だ不均一となる。その他ウレタンやチップ等を床に
敷き、これを湿らせその」二に鉢を置い゛Ｃ１鉢上の下
層から上層へ水分を惨透拡散させる方法もあるが、この
方法では溶解した肥料分が鉢土表面に集積するので、通
常は散水方式等と併用し゛〔用いられる。Conventional beach watering methods generally include water sprinkling and vibration methods, but in both cases, a large amount of water is poured onto the surface of the needles in a short period of time, causing the aggregate structure of the soil to change to a single grain structure. As the water clumps, the amount of air in the soil decreases, which inhibits root growth.In the case of watering, water is also sprinkled outside the pot, resulting in large water losses. Significant. In addition, in the case of the pump method, water loss is relatively small because water is not sprinkled outside the pot, but since a large amount of water is required at once, a large water supply capacity is required, and the water volume is small or the pressure is low. In this case, irrigation becomes extremely uneven. Another method is to spread urethane, chips, etc. on the floor, moisten it, and then place a pot on top of it, allowing moisture to permeate and diffuse from the lower layer to the upper layer of the C1 pot. Since it accumulates on the soil surface, it is usually used in conjunction with watering methods.

そこでこの発明は、拡散部分と吸水部分より構成する潅
水シートは、吸水性の良い拐料を用い、その拡散部分は
鉢土の表面に密着させるか又は一部埋設させ、吸水部分
は鉢の外周壁又ｔま鉢の列に清って設置した湛水溝の水
中に垂下浸漬させることにより、水は吸水部分を上昇し
て拡散部分に到り、拡散部分に接しＣいる鉢土を湿らせ
、逐次下層に向つ゛Ｃ＃透拡散し゛Ｃ鉢土全体に及はす
。このようにして潅水する為、鉢土の土壌構造は単粒組
織に変化せず団粒組織が維持されるので、土壌中の小さ
い孔隙には水分を含み、大きな孔隙には空気が充満しＣ
根の発育に好適な条件が持続される。Therefore, in this invention, the irrigation sheet consisting of a diffusion part and a water-absorbing part uses a highly water-absorbing material, the diffusion part is brought into close contact with the surface of the potted soil or is partially buried, and the water-absorbing part is placed around the outer periphery of the pot. By dripping and immersing the water in water from a flooded groove installed on a wall or a row of pots, the water rises through the water absorption area and reaches the diffusion area, moistening the potted soil in contact with the diffusion area. , C# permeates and diffuses gradually toward the lower layer and spreads throughout the entire potted soil. Because water is applied in this way, the soil structure of the potted soil does not change to a single-grain structure but maintains an aggregate structure, so the small pores in the soil contain water and the large pores are filled with air, causing carbon dioxide.
Conditions suitable for root development are maintained.

このようにシートの吸水性を利用している鳥目−の潅水
シートを使用すれば各鉢に対する毎時濯水量の変動は小
さく、且つ必要水量を算出すれば、潅水に際し潅水量を
基準とした潅水、又は潅水時間を基準とした潅水のいづ
れかの方法を以−Ｃ１自動的に潅水できるようにした装
置である。If you use a bird's-eye irrigation sheet that utilizes the water absorption of the sheet, the fluctuation in the amount of water per hour for each pot will be small, and if you calculate the required amount of water, you will be able to use the amount of water as the basis for irrigation. Or, it is a device that can automatically irrigate water using either of the methods of irrigation based on the irrigation time.

次に実施例にもとづき図面に従って説明すれば、潅水シ
ートは吸水性の良い利用を用い拡散部分１−１〜１−３
と吸水部分２−１．２−３より構成され、その形状は栽
培する植物の種類や栽植様式により異なる。今代表的な
３例に・りいて図面により説明すれば、ホオズキ３４の
如く１鉢に数珠植える場合は第１図及び第２図に示す短
冊形、又は第５図及び第６図に）」、す紐状形が適し、
菊３５の如く鉢３の中央に１株植える場合は第１図及び
第２図に示す短冊形、又は第３図及び第４図に示すドー
ナツ形が適し、ンクラメノ３６の如く球茎を有するもの
等についＣは第５図及び第６図に示す紐状形が適してい
る。これらの潅水シートの内、短冊形の拡散部分１−１
及びドーナツ形の拡散部分１−２は鉢土４の表面に密着
させ、紐状形の拡散部分１−３は、鉢３の内周面に清っ
て鉢土本の中に一部埋没した状態に設置する。吸水部分
２−１〜２−３は鉢３の外周壁、又は鉢３の列に渚って
設置し′Ｃある細長い湛水溝５の湛水中６に垂下浸漬さ
せる。Next, if you explain according to the drawings based on the embodiment, the irrigation sheet uses water-absorbent material and the diffusion portions 1-1 to 1-3.
and a water-absorbing portion 2-1, 2-3, and its shape varies depending on the type of plant to be cultivated and the cultivation style. To explain with drawings based on three typical examples, when planting beads in one pot, such as Physalis 34, it should be in the rectangular shape as shown in Figures 1 and 2, or as shown in Figures 5 and 6). , a string-like shape is suitable;
When planting a single plant in the center of the pot 3, such as Chrysanthemum 35, the rectangular shape shown in Figures 1 and 2, or the donut shape shown in Figures 3 and 4 is suitable, and those with corms such as Chrysanthemum No. 36 are suitable. As for C, the string-like shape shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is suitable. Among these irrigation sheets, the rectangular diffusion part 1-1
The donut-shaped diffusion portion 1-2 was brought into close contact with the surface of the potted soil 4, and the string-shaped diffusion portion 1-3 was cleaned on the inner peripheral surface of the pot 3 and partially buried in the potted soil. set in the state. The water-absorbing parts 2-1 to 2-3 are installed on the outer peripheral wall of the pot 3 or in a row of the pots 3, and are suspended and immersed in the submerged water 6 of the elongated submerged groove 5.

湛水溝５の両端には止水板７を装着し゛〔湛水６の流失
を防止しているが、補給タフタ１０側の止水板７の下方
には、親パイプ８よシ分岐した子パイプ９の先端が連通
し、親パイプ８の基部は補給タンクｌＯの底近くの側壁
に連通させ、連通管の方式で補給タンクの水１１は、親
バイブ８から子パイプ９を通って湛水溝５に流入するよ
うにな・り”Ｃいるので、補給タンクの水面１２と湛水
溝の湛水面１３ホ常に同一の高さとなる。補給夕／り１
０へは、中間パイプ１５を以て貯水タンク１４より送水
されるようになっているが、第７図及び第８図に示す如
く、補給タンク１０より高所に貯水タンク１４を設置し
落差を利用して送水する外、場合によれば動力によをし
てもｒＩ＋。A water stop plate 7 is attached to both ends of the flooded groove 5 to prevent the water from flowing away, but below the water stop plate 7 on the supply taffeta 10 side, there is a pipe branched from the main pipe 8. The tip of the pipe 9 is connected, and the base of the main pipe 8 is connected to the side wall near the bottom of the replenishment tank IO, and the water 11 in the replenishment tank is flooded from the main vibe 8 through the child pipe 9 using the communication pipe method. Since the water flows into the groove 5, the water surface 12 of the replenishment tank and the water surface 13 of the flooding groove are always at the same height.
0, water is sent from a water storage tank 14 through an intermediate pipe 15, but as shown in FIGS. In addition to supplying water by hand, in some cases even by power, rI+.

る送水會千傘鴫。中間パイプ１゛５の先端にＱま水位調
節装置を装着し′〔、水位を任意の高さに規正できるよ
うにし、湛水溝５より溢水するのを防止するは第９図及
び第１０図に示す如く、フロート式止水弁１６をＬ型金
具１日に固着させ、該り型金具コ−８の上部には上下に
細長いボルト穴１９をあけ、補給り／り１０上に固定し
た取イ」枠１７に、ボ）Ｖ　）及びナツト２０　を以て
固定している。従ってボルト穴１９のト。Chikasashiru, the Water Supply Association. A water level adjusting device is attached to the tip of the intermediate pipe 1 and 5 so that the water level can be regulated to an arbitrary height and water is prevented from overflowing from the flooded groove 5, as shown in Figures 9 and 10. As shown in the figure, the float type water stop valve 16 is fixed to the L-shaped fitting 1, and the upper part of the floating fitting 8 is made with elongated bolt holes 19 vertically. It is fixed to the A frame 17 with B) V) and a nut 20. Therefore, bolt hole 19.

下要だけＬ型金具１８は上下調節が可能で、これに固着
し−Ｃあるフロート式止水弁１６も上下して水位の調節
ができる。゛また第１１図〜第１３図に示す如く、フロ
ート式山水弁１６をＴ型金具２１の基部近くに突出させ
た突出板２２に固着させ、基部を中心・とし”〔Ｔ型金
具２１の頭部が上下移動できるようピ／２３を以て増刊
枠１″′７に装着し、Ｔ型金具２１の頭部には取付枠１
７と直角に細長いボルト穴２４をあけ、ボルト及びナツ
ト２５を以”Ｃ取付枠１７に締イーＪけ固定する。The L-shaped fitting 18 can be adjusted up and down as much as necessary, and the float type water stop valve 16 fixed thereto can also be moved up and down to adjust the water level. 11 to 13, the float-type landscape valve 16 is fixed to a protruding plate 22 protruding near the base of the T-shaped fitting 21, and the base is centered. Attach the mounting frame 1 to the head of the T-shaped bracket 21 using pins 23 so that it can move up and down.
Drill a long and slender bolt hole 24 at right angles to 7, and then secure the bolt and nut 25 to the C mounting frame 17 by tightening.

水位調節の例とし゛Ｃ水位を下げる場合は、第１３図に
示す如くＴ型金具固定用ボ／ｌ／　ト及びナツト２５を
ゆるめ°ＣＴ型金具２１の頭部を下げ、ボ）Ｖ　）及び
ナツト２５を締付は固定すると、ピン２３を中ノｂ・と
し゛ＣＴ型金具２１の頭部が下方に移動した角度だけ、
フロート式止水弁１６の取付角度も変化し、フロート２
６は２６−１の位置でフロートの柄２７と連動し′Ｃ１
／−る針弁２８が吐出口２９を塞ぎ、水の流入が止まる
ので補給タンクの水面１２は１２−１の水位まで低くな
る。このようにフロート式止水弁１６を−に下調節又は
取付角度を変化させる為には、中間パづプ１５は折り曲
は自在なビニル又はゴム製品を用いることが必要である
。水位調節装置にはこの外電気を第１用する場合などい
ろいろな方法手段があるが、要は補給タンクの水面１２
を任意の高さに調節できそれ以上高くならないことが必
要である。貯水タンク１４へ送水する送水管３２には、
途中に自動弁３０及び自動弁３０を作動させるタイマー
３１を装着し、タイマー３１には潅水開始時刻と送水時
間がセットできる↓うになっている。従って鉢の大きさ
、形状、栽培時期、栽培植物の種類その他必要な要素を
勘案して１鉢当りの潅水時刻と潅水量を設定し、総錘数
に必要な潅水量を計算し、それに必要な送水時間を割出
し７、タイマー３１に潅水開始時刻とその送水時間をセ
ットし”でおけば、セットした時刻に自動弁３０が開き
貯水タンク１４に送水が開始され、セットした送水時間
が終れば自動弁３０が閉じ゛Ｃ送水が完了するが、送水
が開始されると同時に一部鉢土４の密着面から鉢土４を
しめらすようにして。As an example of water level adjustment, to lower the water level, loosen the T-type fitting fixing bolt and nut 25 as shown in Figure 13, lower the head of the CT-type fitting 21, and tighten the 25 is tightened and fixed, the pin 23 is set to the middle knob B, and the head of the CT type fitting 21 moves downward by the angle.
The mounting angle of the float type water stop valve 16 also changes, and the float 2
6 is linked with the float handle 27 at the 26-1 position 'C1
The needle valve 28 closes the discharge port 29, stopping the inflow of water, and the water level 12 in the replenishing tank drops to the water level 12-1. In order to adjust the float type water stop valve 16 downward or change the mounting angle in this manner, it is necessary to use a bendable vinyl or rubber product as the intermediate pipe 15. There are various ways to adjust the water level, such as using electricity as the primary source, but the main point is to
It is necessary to be able to adjust it to any height and not get it any higher. The water pipe 32 that sends water to the water storage tank 14 includes
An automatic valve 30 and a timer 31 for operating the automatic valve 30 are installed in the middle of the process, and the timer 31 can be used to set the irrigation start time and water supply time. Therefore, set the watering time and amount of water per pot by taking into account the size, shape, cultivation period, type of cultivated plant, and other necessary factors, calculate the amount of water required for the total number of pots, and calculate the amount of water needed for the total number of pots. Determine the appropriate water supply time 7, set the water supply start time and water supply time in the timer 31, and set the water supply time to the timer 31. Then, at the set time, the automatic valve 30 will open and water supply to the water storage tank 14 will begin, and the set water supply time will end. If the automatic valve 30 is closed, the water supply is completed, but at the same time as the water supply is started, the potting soil 4 is partially exposed from the contact surface of the potting soil 4.

鉢±４の」一層から下層へと全体に滲透拡散し”〔渚（
水の目的を達する。湛水溝の水面１３が所定水位に達す
れば、連通管方式のため補給タンク１０の水位調節装置
が作動し”Ｃ貯水タック１４よりの水の流入が止′まシ
、その後は吸水部分２上りの吸水紙だけが補給タンク１
０に補給され、貯水タンク１４に貯水された水がなくな
れば、各錘３に必要な水量の潅水が行なわれだことにな
る。なお補給タンクｌＯは地表面の高低や水位調節装置
の吐水能力に応じ、貯水タンク１４ま個に対し中間パイ
プ１５を分岐することにより必要個数設置することがで
きる。以」二が前項で記載した潅水量を基準とした潅水
方法の装置である。It permeates and diffuses throughout the pot from the first layer to the bottom layer of the pot ±4.
Reaching the purpose of water. When the water surface 13 of the flooded groove reaches a predetermined water level, the water level adjustment device of the replenishment tank 10 operates due to the communication pipe system, and the water from the water storage tuck 14 stops flowing, and after that, the water from the water absorption portion 2 rises. Water-absorbing paper is the only supply tank 1
When the water stored in the water storage tank 14 runs out, each weight 3 has been irrigated with the required amount of water. Note that the required number of replenishment tanks IO can be installed by branching intermediate pipes 15 to 14 water storage tanks depending on the height of the ground surface and the water discharging capacity of the water level adjustment device. The second one is the device for the irrigation method based on the amount of water described in the previous section.

次に潅水時間を基準とした潅水方法の装置を説明すれば
、潅水ノートの吸水能力を測定しＣおけば、１鉢に対す
る潅水量から潅水時間が算出できる。従ってこの場合は
第１４図に示す如く貯水タンク１４を省略し、自動弁３
０及び自動弁３０を作動させるタイマ−３１ヲ装着した
送水管３２の先端を中間パイプ１５に連結し、直接補給
タンク１０に送水するようにする。また複数個の補給夕
／り１０に送水する場合は、送水管３２の先端を分岐し
Ｃそれぞれの中間パイプ１５に連結すればよい。そして
タイマー３１に潅水開始時刻と算出した潅水時間（送水
時間）をセットしておけば、セットしだ時刻に自動弁３
０が開き、算出した潅水晴間だけ送水され、その後は自
動弁３０が閉じ゛Ｃ送水が止り潅水が終了する。Next, I will explain the device for the irrigation method based on the irrigation time.If the water absorption capacity of the irrigation notebook is measured and set, the irrigation time can be calculated from the amount of water for one pot. Therefore, in this case, as shown in FIG. 14, the water storage tank 14 is omitted and the automatic valve 3
The tip of the water pipe 32 equipped with a timer 31 for operating the automatic valve 30 is connected to the intermediate pipe 15, so that water is directly delivered to the replenishment tank 10. When water is to be sent to a plurality of replenishment pipes 10, the tip of the water pipe 32 may be branched and connected to each intermediate pipe 15. Then, if you set the irrigation start time and the calculated irrigation time (water supply time) in the timer 31, the automatic valve 3
0 is opened and water is supplied for the calculated irrigation period, after which the automatic valve 30 is closed, water supply stops, and irrigation ends.

補給タンク１０以後の水の移動につい′Ｃは、潅水量を
基準とした渚）水力法の装置と同じ要領で各錘３れぞｎ
に市水栓を装着し′Ｃおけば、必要に応じどちらにも切
替え−Ｃｆｆｆ＋水できる切替型も可能である。Regarding the movement of water after the supply tank 10, 'C' is based on the amount of irrigation water.) In the same way as the hydraulic method device, each sink is 3 times n.
A switchable type is also available that allows you to switch between -Cfff and water if necessary by attaching a city faucet to the tank.

以−りこの発明の構造と各部の機能等につい“Ｃ説明し
たのであるが、以下実験結果に恭づ〈具体的な効果等に
つい“ご説明する。So far, I have explained the structure and functions of each part of this invention, but below I will explain the specific effects etc. based on the experimental results.

実験］、　毎時潅水…と保水量の関係 第１表 （注） １．　試験は５号鉢（ポリ製）に山土（砂質壌土）と水
田土壌（壌土）を等量混合し風乾し“Ｃ使用した。　、
ｔ／ｄｎ　Ｌ−９Ｊ、／１ｅＯｆ＜”４３゜２、　この
試験は先づ４０時間保水量の調査を行いその後同じ条件
で鉢底より滴下する水量を調査して毎時潅水量とした。Experiment], Relationship between hourly irrigation and water retention Table 1 (Note) 1. For the test, equal amounts of mountain soil (sandy loam) and paddy soil (loam) were mixed in a No. 5 pot (made of polyethylene), air-dried, and "C" was used.
t/dn L-9J, /1eOf<"43°2, In this test, the water retention amount was first investigated for 40 hours, and then the amount of water dripping from the bottom of the pot under the same conditions was investigated and the hourly irrigation amount was determined.

従って鉢底よシ水滴が落ち始める′までの時間は次式で
計算した。Therefore, the time required for water droplets to start falling from the bottom of the pot was calculated using the following formula.

保水量÷毎時潅水量 ３　水面と針上表面の落差（第３図ａ）は試験開始時約
５騎に調整し、２０時間後に水を補給したか、その間は
補給しなかったので試験中は毎時１、２ｍ１Ｈあて水面
が低下した。Water retention amount ÷ Irrigation amount per hour 3 The head difference between the water surface and the top surface of the needle (Fig. 3 a) was adjusted to about 5 horses at the start of the test, and water was replenished after 20 hours or was not replenished during that period. The water level fell by 1.2 ml per hour.

４　従来の方法はゴムホースの先に散水ノズルをつけ、
鉢底より水が落ちる程度に十分潅水し、１時間放置し−
ご調査した。4 The conventional method is to attach a water nozzle to the end of a rubber hose.
Water thoroughly until the water drips from the bottom of the pot, and leave it for 1 hour.
We investigated.

６、　保水率は次式で計算した。6. Water retention rate was calculated using the following formula.

（保水ｉ４に÷１６００）Ｘ　１００ 以上の結果、潅水シートで毎時′２０〜１００Ｂ位潅水
すれば大体４〜５時間で鉢底より水が滴下する。その状
態で２０時間毎に調査した結果でちって、２０時間後と
更に２０時間経過した時と比較しても保水量は殆んど変
化し′〔いない。(Water retention i4 ÷ 1600) X 100 As a result, if you use a irrigation sheet to irrigate at a rate of 20 to 100 B per hour, water will drip from the bottom of the pot in about 4 to 5 hours. In this state, the water retention amount was examined every 20 hours and showed that there was almost no change in the amount of water retained even after 20 hours and when another 20 hours had elapsed.

しかし、従来の潅水方法で潅水１時間後では鉢底より水
滴は全々落ちなくなり、その時調査した保水量と比較す
れば、潅水シートでは鉢底より水が滴下している状態で
も約５０ｇ少く、保水率にして約３％小さくなっている
。すなわち４１８　ｃｃの土壌孔隙に従来の海水方法で
は全部水が含まれているが、潅水シートの場合はその内
約３’７０　ｃｃが水で、残りの約５０ｃｃには空気が
入っているものと考えてよいが、実際は従来の潅水方法
の場合は、鉢土本の土壌構造が団粒構造から単粒構造に
変化し、小さい土壌孔隙のみになって鉢土本全体の容は
も小さくなるが、潅水シートの場合は、鉢土の容量は変
化せず団粒構造そのま＼のため空気用は少なくとも５０
ｃｃ以」−あるものと考えられる。このように潅水シー
トで潅水すれば、団粒構造の小さい孔隙にｔよ水を含み
、大きな孔隙には空気が充満しているので、植物根の発
育に好適な条件が持続される。However, with the conventional irrigation method, no water droplets will fall from the bottom of the pot after one hour of irrigation, and compared to the water retention amount investigated at that time, with the irrigation sheet, even when water is dripping from the bottom of the pot, it is about 50g less. The water retention rate is about 3% smaller. In other words, in the conventional seawater method, 418 cc of soil pores contain all water, but in the case of irrigation sheets, about 3'70 cc of that is water, and the remaining 50 cc contains air. You may think so, but in reality, in the case of conventional irrigation methods, the soil structure of the potted soil changes from an aggregate structure to a single-grained structure, leaving only small soil pores and the overall volume of the potted soil becoming smaller. In the case of irrigation sheets, the capacity of the potted soil does not change and the aggregate structure remains the same, so the air use is at least 50
cc or more'' - It is considered that there is. When watering with the irrigation sheet in this manner, the small pores of the aggregate structure contain more water and the larger pores are filled with air, so conditions suitable for plant root growth are maintained.

実Ｍ１．　落差の大小と潅水シートの潅水量との関係 第　２　表 （注） １　試験は短冊形１枚を用い、大きさは拡散部分１−１
の長さ６ｏｍｍ、吸水部分２−１の長さ１００闘でｌ］
は３０闘である。Actual M1. Relationship between the size of the head and the irrigation amount of the irrigation sheet Table 2 (Note) 1 One rectangular sheet was used in the test, and the size was the diffusion area 1-1.
The length of the water absorption part 2-1 is 100 l]
is 30 fights.

２　使用した？ｆｆ＋水ソートの材料は第１表と同じ。2 Did you use it? The materials for ff+water sorting are the same as in Table 1.

８、落、差の（−）は鉢±４の表面が湛水溝の水面１３
よυ高い場合。8. Drop, difference (-) means the surface of the pot ±4 is the water surface of the flooded groove 13
If yoυ is high.

以上の結果落差ａが３０〜Ｉ　ＩＮの間は落差ａの大小
による毎時Ｗ！水ｍの差が大きいが、−９〜−４０ｍｍ
の間では毎時渭■水はの差が小さい。As a result of the above, when the head difference a is between 30 and I IN, the hourly W! The difference in water m is large, -9 to -40 mm
The difference between hourly water and water is small.

これは湛水溝の水面１３より鉢土４の表面が低い場合は
、シートの吸水能力にサイホンの作用が加重されるが、
逆に鉢±４の表面が湛水溝の水面１３よシ高い場合はシ
ートの吸水能力のみによるだめ毎時潅水量の差が小さい
ものと考えられる。−まだ標準誤差を計算したところ、
鉢±４の表面より湛水溝の水面１３が高い場合はや１太
きいが、最大で９５％の鉢が±ｌＯ％以内の変動であり
、逆に鉢土４の表面より湛水溝の水面１３が低い場合は
非常に小さく±１〜５％位の変動となシ、潅水の均一性
の良いことを示している。This is because if the surface of the potted soil 4 is lower than the water level 13 of the flooded ditch, the action of the siphon will be added to the water absorption capacity of the sheet.
Conversely, if the surface of the pot ±4 is higher than the water level 13 of the flooded groove, it is considered that the difference in the amount of water per hour is small due only to the water absorption capacity of the sheet. − I have yet to calculate the standard error.
If the water level 13 of the flooded groove is higher than the surface of the pot ±4, it will be 1 thicker, but at most 95% of the pots will fluctuate within ±10%. When the water level 13 is low, the fluctuation is very small, about ±1 to 5%, indicating that the uniformity of the irrigation water is good.

この二つの実験結果及び潅水方法の特性から、本潅水装
置の効果を要約すれば次の通りである。Based on the results of these two experiments and the characteristics of the irrigation method, the effects of this irrigation system can be summarized as follows.

■、鉢±４の団粒組織を単粒組織に変化させることなく
潅水できるので、鉢土４の固結を防ｃｌ　＋。■Irrigation can be performed without changing the aggregate structure of the pot ±4 into a single grain structure, thus preventing the caking of the potting soil 4.

水分と空気が共に保有され根の発育に好適な条件を持続
させることができる。Moisture and air are retained together and conditions suitable for root growth can be maintained.

２　］鉢当りの所要潅水量を測定すれば、適確な全体の
潅水…又は潅水時間が杷握でき、自動化による水の損失
が少ない。2] By measuring the amount of water required per pot, you can accurately control the total amount of watering or the watering time, reducing water loss due to automation.

３、潅水ノートの材料の種類や吸水部分２の１］の大小
、落差ａの調節等毎時潅水量の調節方法の種類が多く簡
単なため汎用性が太きい。3. There are many ways to adjust the amount of water per hour, such as the type of material of the irrigation notebook, the size of the water absorption part 2 (1), and the adjustment of the head a, making it very versatile.

い。stomach.

５　葉−ヒ潅水をしないので、薬剤散布しても潅水によ
って薬剤が流される心配が々く、薬の効果が長く持続す
る。5. Leaves - Since watering is not done, there is a high risk that the chemicals will be washed away by the water even if sprayed, and the effects of the medicines will last for a long time.

６、液肥や根から吸収させる農薬等の施用は、潅水量を
基準とした潅水方法の装置の場合は、貯水夕／り１４へ
液肥や農薬等を投入すればより、′また潅水時間を基準
とした潅水方法の装置の場合は、送水管３２の途中に稀
釈器を装着すれば、いづれも自動的に施用でき、液肥や
農薬の損失も少ない。6. When applying liquid fertilizers or agricultural chemicals that are absorbed through the roots, if the irrigation method is based on the amount of water, it is better to apply liquid fertilizers or agricultural chemicals to the water tank (14), or apply them based on the irrigation time. In the case of a device using the irrigation method described above, if a diluter is installed in the middle of the water pipe 32, the water can be applied automatically, and there is little loss of liquid fertilizer or agricultural chemicals.

次に第１表と第２表を比較すると、第１表では短冊形の
吸水部分２−１のｄコが５０１１１７１１で渭（水１７
３．が毎時１０’７．５ｇに対し、第２表では吸水部分
２−１の「１］が３ｏｍｍで第１表の落差ａが５ｍｍと
すれば、第２表では落差ａがＢ　ｍｍと１騎の中間位に
なるので、潅水量は毎時１１０　ｇ前後となり、また第
１表の吸水部分のｌ〕を３０ｍｍに換算すると６４．５
ｇとなる。これは第２表の毎時７茅水量の５ａ６％に当
る。この理由については、第１表は鉢土４が最大保水量
をこえて鉢底の排水口３３より滴下する水の量全調査し
たもので、第２表Ｑ」、風乾状態から最大保水状態にな
る過程で調査した為、土壌の吸水性が働き毎時潅水量が
大きくなったもので、換訂すれば第１表は実際使用時の
毎時潅水量であり、第２表は毎時最大潅水量と考え′Ｃ
よい。従って第２表の毎時最大潅水量にＱ５８６を乗じ
、実際の毎時１粗水隋を計算してみると第３表の通りと
なる。Next, when comparing Tables 1 and 2, in Table 1, the d-co of the rectangular water-absorbing portion 2-1 is 50111711, and the water (water 17
3. is 10'7.5g per hour, and in Table 2, if "1" of water absorption part 2-1 is 3 om and the head a in Table 1 is 5 mm, in Table 2, the head a is B mm and 1 k. Therefore, the irrigation amount is around 110 g/hour, and if the water absorption part in Table 1 is converted to 30 mm, it is 64.5
g. This corresponds to 5a6% of the amount of water per hour shown in Table 2. Regarding the reason for this, Table 1 shows the total amount of water that drips from the drain port 33 at the bottom of the pot when potting soil 4 exceeds its maximum water retention capacity, and Table 2 shows Q', when potting soil 4 exceeds its maximum water retention capacity, Because the survey was conducted during the process of water absorption, the water absorption capacity of the soil worked to increase the amount of water per hour.Revised to this, Table 1 shows the amount of water per hour during actual use, and Table 2 shows the maximum amount of water per hour. Thoughts'C
good. Therefore, if you multiply the hourly maximum irrigation amount in Table 2 by Q586 and calculate the actual water per hour, you will get the results shown in Table 3.

第　３　表 最後に本装置の使用要領を例示すれば、先づ実際に潅水
する場合は試験の如く完全な風乾上から潅水を開始しな
いことで、植物の種類にもよるが最大保水用の３０係位
の水分は残・り′Ｃいるものと考えられ、最大保水はの
７０係を潅水すればよいことになる。例とし°〔中３０
朋の短冊形耶水シートを第１図、第２図に示す如くｌ鉢
に２枚使用し、第１表の試験と同様５号鉢に鉢土４を１
６００　ｇ入れ、最大保水＠３７０　ｇの１０％令（２
５９ｇ）を潅水する所要時７９間を計算すれば第４表の
通りとなる。To give an example of how to use this device at the end of Table 3, when actually watering, do not start watering until it is completely air-dried as in the test. It is thought that there is a residual amount of water in the water, and it is sufficient to irrigate 70 parts of the maximum water retention. As an example °
Two of Tomo's rectangular Yasui sheets were used in one pot as shown in Figures 1 and 2, and one pot of potting soil 4 was placed in a No. 5 pot as in the test in Table 1.
600 g, maximum water retention @ 370 g at 10% (2
Table 4 shows the 79 hours required to irrigate 59g of water.

第　４　表 （庄）０内の数値はその前後の数値より算出したもので
ある。Table 4 (Sho) The values in 0 are calculated from the values before and after it.

そこで、１鉢当りの潅水はを繰」二げ”（２６０ｇとし
、落差ｒ４．５ｍｍの場合、潅水時間は第４表より２時
間となる。従つ”で潅水＠全基準として潅水する場合、
貯水タンク１４１個当り潅水する鉢を４　ｏｏ。Therefore, if the irrigation per pot is 260 g and the head is 4.5 mm, the irrigation time will be 2 hours from Table 4.
4 oo pots for irrigation per 141 water storage tanks.

鉢とすれば、貯水タンク１４に２６０４貯水することが
必要であ・りて、タイマー３１に潅水開始時刻と共に２
６０４送水に必要な時間をセットすれば、セントした時
刻にタイマー３１が作動し゛Ｃ自動弁３０が開き、２６
０ｅ送水すれば自動弁３０が閉じ′Ｃ送水が完了する。If it is a pot, it is necessary to store 2,604 hours of water in the water storage tank 14, and set the timer 31 to 2,604 times at the same time as the irrigation start time.
604 If you set the time required for water supply, the timer 31 will operate at the time you entered, and the automatic valve 30 will open.
If 0e water is supplied, the automatic valve 30 closes and the water supply is completed.

貯水タック１４−に送水された水は、補給タック１０、
湛水＃５の順に水が移動し潅水ノートにより各錘を潅水
する要領につい”〔は、すでに説明した通りである。ま
た７韻水時間を基準とし゛Ｃ７飴水する場合は、タイマ
ー３１に猫水開始時刻と共に送水時間を２時間にセント
しＣおけば、潅水開始時刻になればタイマー３１が作動
し°Ｃ自動弁３０が開き、補給タンクｌＯに送水が開始
されるが、調節された所定水位になれば、水位調節装置
が作動し送水は中断されるが、潅水により水位が低くな
れば再び送水が始゛まる。このように常に一定の水位を
保ちつｆ２時間送水が継続し”ＣＩＨ＋水が行なわれる
。The water sent to the water storage tack 14- is transferred to the supply tack 10,
The water moves in the order of Flooding #5 and the procedure for watering each sink using the watering notes is as already explained. Also, if you water C7 based on the 7 water time, set the timer 31 to If you set the water supply time to 2 hours together with the water start time, the timer 31 will operate when the watering start time comes, the automatic valve 30 will open, and water will begin to be supplied to the replenishment tank lO. When the water level reaches the water level, the water level control device operates and water supply is interrupted, but when the water level drops due to irrigation, water supply starts again.In this way, water supply continues for f2 hours while maintaining a constant water level. Water is done.

次に渚（水数を基準とし′Ｃ潅水する場合と、潅水時間
を基準としＣ？ｔｌｆ水する場合を比較すれば、前者は
貯水タンク１４１個当り鍵数を５上針を例にす模で多種
類栽培する場合、種類別に貯水夕／り１４を設置して潅
水を行なえば、それぞれの種類に適した潅水を実施する
ことができる。また後者の場。従って１種類でこのよう
な多数の鉢物を栽培す方法も利用できる切替型にし゛で
おけば便利な場合もある。Next, if we compare the case of watering the beach (based on the number of water) and the case of watering with water based on the watering time, the former is a case where the number of keys per 141 water storage tanks is 5 needles as an example. When cultivating many types of plants, if you install a water storage tank 14 for each type and perform irrigation, it is possible to perform irrigation suitable for each type. It may be convenient to have a switchable type that can be used to grow potted plants.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

図面ｔま本発明の実施例を示すもので、第１図は短冊形
潅水シートによる潅水要領を示す側面図、第２図は第１
図の平面図である。第３図はドーナツ形潅水ノートによ
る潅水要領を示す側面図、第４図は第３図の平面１シ１
である。第５図は紐状形潅水シートによるｊＷ水要領を
示す側面図、第６図は第５図の平面１ン１である。第７
図は潅水量を基準としＣｆａｔ水する装置の主要部を示
す側面図、第８図は第７図の平面図である。第９図は水
位調節装置のうち、フロート式止水弁１６を用いた上下
移動方式による調節装置ｇ、の側面図、第１０図は第９
図の平面図である。第１１図は水位調節装置のうち、フ
ロート式止水弁１６を用いた取イ］角度変化方式による
調節装置の正面図、第１２図は第１１図の側面図、第１
３図はフロート式止水弁１６の取付角度を変化させて水
位調節を行なう状態を示す側面図である。第１４図は潅
水時間を基準とし”Ｃ７ｍ水する装置の主要部を示す側
面図である。 １・・潅水シートの拡散部分で、１−１は短冊形、１−
２　＆？ドーナツ形、１−３は紐状形である。 ２・・潅水シートの吸水部分で、２−１は短冊形、２−
２ｔまドーナツ形、２−３は紐状形である。 ３・鉢　４・・鉢土　５　湛水溝　６・・湛水溝の湛水
　７・・湛水溝両端の止水板　８・・蜆パイプ９・・子
パイプ　１０・・補給タンク　１１　補給タンクの水　
１２・・補給夕／りの水面　１２−１はフロート式止水
弁１６の取付角度を変化させ補給タンク１０の水位が低
くなった時の水面である。　１３・・湛水溝５の水面　
１４・・貯水タンク　１５・・中間パイプ　１６・・フ
ロート式止水弁　１７・・フロート式止水弁増刊枠１８
・・Ｌ型金具　１９・・Ｌ型金具」二部のボｌレト穴　
２０・・Ｌ型金具固定用ボルト及びナラ）　２１・・Ｔ
型金具　２２・・Ｔ型金具２１の突出板２３・・Ｔ型金
具装着用ピノ　２４・・Ｔ型金具頭部のボルト穴　２５
・・Ｔ型金具固定用ボルト及びナツト２６・・フロート
式止水弁１６のフロート　２６−１はフロート式止水弁
１６の取付角度を変化させ下方に移動した時のフロート
である。　鐙・・フロートの柄２８・・針弁　２９・・
吐出口　３０・自動弁　３１・・タイマー３２・・送水
管３３・・鉢底の排水口　３４・・ホオズキ　３５・・
菊　３６・・シクラメン　第３図のａ・・落差（湛水溝
の水面１３と鉢土４の表面との垂直差）イ３ メ知図The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 1 is a side view showing the method of irrigation using a rectangular irrigation sheet, and FIG.
FIG. Figure 3 is a side view showing the irrigation instructions using a donut-shaped irrigation notebook, and Figure 4 is a plan view of Figure 3.
It is. FIG. 5 is a side view showing the jW water flow using a string-like irrigation sheet, and FIG. 6 is a 1-1 plane view of FIG. 5. 7th
The figure is a side view showing the main parts of a device that performs Cfat watering based on the irrigation amount, and FIG. 8 is a plan view of FIG. 7. 9 is a side view of the water level adjusting device g, which uses a float type water stop valve 16 and uses a vertical movement method, and FIG.
FIG. FIG. 11 is a front view of a water level adjustment device using a float-type water stop valve 16 using an angle change method; FIG. 12 is a side view of FIG. 11;
FIG. 3 is a side view showing a state in which the water level is adjusted by changing the mounting angle of the float type water stop valve 16. Fig. 14 is a side view showing the main parts of the device for watering "C7m" based on the irrigation time. 1. The diffusion part of the irrigation sheet, 1-1 is a rectangular shape, 1-
2 &? It has a donut shape, and 1-3 is a string shape. 2. Water absorption part of the irrigation sheet, 2-1 is a rectangular shape, 2-
2t has a donut shape, and 2-3 has a string shape. 3. Pot 4. Potting soil 5 Refilling groove 6. Refilling the refilling groove 7. Water stop plates at both ends of the refilling groove 8. Mud pipe 9. Child pipe 10. Replenishment tank 11 Replenishment tank Water of
12...Water surface at the end of replenishment 12-1 is the water surface when the water level of the replenishment tank 10 becomes low by changing the installation angle of the float type water stop valve 16. 13. Water surface of flood ditch 5
14... Water storage tank 15... Intermediate pipe 16... Float type water stop valve 17... Float type water stop valve extra issue frame 18
...L-shaped fitting 19...L-shaped fitting" Bollet hole in the second part
20...L-shaped metal fitting fixing bolt and oak) 21...T
Type metal fitting 22...Protruding plate 23 of T-type metal fitting 21...Pino for mounting T-type metal fitting 24...Bolt hole of T-type metal fitting head 25
... T-type fitting fixing bolt and nut 26 ... Float of float type water stop valve 16 26-1 is a float when the installation angle of the float type water stop valve 16 is changed and moved downward. Stirrup...Float handle 28...Needle valve 29...
Discharge port 30・Automatic valve 31・・Timer 32・・Water pipe 33・・Drainage port at the bottom of the pot 34・・Physalis 35・・
Chrysanthemum 36... Cyclamen Figure 3 a... Head (vertical difference between the water surface 13 of the flooded ditch and the surface of the potting soil 4) A3 Mechi diagram

Claims (5)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] （１）拡散部分１と吸水部分２より構成する潅水シート
の拡散部分ｌを、鉢土４の表面に密着させるか又は一部
埋没させ、鉢３の外周壁に清“りで設置した湛水溝５の
湛水中６に、該吸水部分２を垂下浸漬させる事を特徴と
する鉢物栽培における潅水装置。(1) The diffusion part 1 of the irrigation sheet, which is composed of the diffusion part 1 and the water absorption part 2, is brought into close contact with the surface of the potted soil 4 or partially buried, and the irrigation sheet is installed in a clear manner on the outer peripheral wall of the pot 3. A watering device for cultivating potted plants, characterized in that the water-absorbing portion 2 is dipped down and immersed in the flooded water 6 of the groove 5. （２）複数個の鉢３を単列又は複数の列に並べ、該列に
浴って必要個数の細長い湛水溝５を設置することを特徴
とする、第１項記載の鉢物栽培における潅水装置。(2) Irrigation in pot cultivation according to item 1, characterized in that a plurality of pots 3 are arranged in a single row or in a plurality of rows, and a necessary number of elongated water-filled grooves 5 are installed in the row. Device. （３）１個又は複数個の湛水溝５へ、連通管方式で水を
補給できるようにした補給タンクｌＯを設置し、該補給
タンク１０に水位調節装置を装着することを特徴とする
、第１項又は第２項記載の鉢物栽培における潅水装置。(3) A replenishment tank 10 capable of replenishing water using a communicating pipe system is installed in one or more of the flooded grooves 5, and a water level adjustment device is attached to the replenishment tank 10. The irrigation device for pot cultivation according to item 1 or 2. （４）１個又は複数個の補給タンク１０へ、落差を利用
し又は動力を用いて補給できるようにした貯水タック１
４を設置４シ、潅水に必要な水…を人為的又は自動的な
方法を以°Ｃ１該貯水タック１４に貯水することを特徴
とする、第３項記載の鉢物栽培における７俵水装置。(4) Water storage tack 1 capable of replenishing one or more replenishment tanks 10 using a head or using power
4. The seven bale water device for pot cultivation according to item 3, characterized in that water necessary for irrigation is stored in the water storage tuck 14 by an artificial or automatic method. （５）　１個又＆−１：　ｉ数個の補給夕／り１０へ、
人為的又は自動的な方法を以゛Ｃ，満水に必要な時間だ
け水を補給することを特徴とする、第３項記載の鉢物栽
培における１ｔｒｒ水装置。(5) 1 and -1: i several resupply evening/ri to 10,
4. The 1 trr water device for pot cultivation according to item 3, characterized in that water is supplied by an artificial or automatic method for only the time required to fill the water.