JPS6088091A - Method for operating spouted bed coal gasifier and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the hole of a slag tap from being clogged by slag, by completely discharging slag deposited on the wall of a gasifier during shut-down. CONSTITUTION:Pulverized coal 1, a carrier gas and a gasifying agent 6 are fed through a burner 16 to the main body 17 of a gasifier where the coal 1 is gasified. Molten ash is allowed to drop through the hole of a slag tap 20. Temperatures at the upper surface and the lower surface of the slag tap are measured by temperature measuring devices 33, 34. The quantities of an auxiliary fuel 5 and oxygen 6 to be fed to burners 18, 19 are controlled so that the temperatures at the upper and lower surfaces is higher than that of the fluidized molten ash. The molten ash is then allowed to flow down and the quantity of the flowing-down molten ash is detected by a detector 25. When the supply of the pulverized coal 1 and oxygen 6 from the burner 16 is suspended, the quantities of the fuel 5 and oxygen 6 to be fed to the burners 18, 19 are increased and the temperatures at the upper and lower surfaces of the slag tap 20 are kept at a temp. higher than that of the fluidized molten ash. When the molten ash is no longer detected by the detector 25, the supply of the fuel 5 and oxygen 6 are stopped. In restarting, the fuel 5 and oxygen 6 are fed in such quantities that the temperatures measured by the devices 33, 34 is higher than the flow point of the molten ash, and then the operation of the burner 16 is started.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔発明の利用分野〕 本発明は噴流層石炭ガス化炉に係り、特に、スラグタッ
プ付近がスラグにより閉塞することなしに、安定して運
転するのに好適な噴流層石炭ガス化炉の運転方法及び装
置に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention relates to a spouted bed coal gasifier, and particularly to a spouted bed coal gasifier that is suitable for stable operation without clogging near the slag tap with slag. This invention relates to a method and apparatus for operating a coal gasifier.

〔発明の背景〕[Background of the invention]

石炭ガス化は石炭利用拡大の新方式として注目され、ま
た、ガス化による複合発電（ガスタービンと蒸気タービ
ンの組合せによる発電システム）は近い将来、熱効率や
発電コスト、環境対策面での有効性が期待されている。Coal gasification is attracting attention as a new method to expand the use of coal, and combined power generation using gasification (a power generation system that combines a gas turbine and a steam turbine) is expected to be effective in terms of thermal efficiency, power generation costs, and environmental measures in the near future. It is expected.

ガス化炉には、流動層式、移動層式、噴流層式等がある
が、この中で噴流層方式は、他に比べて炉内温度が高い
ため、ガス化効率が高くでき、さらに、大容量化も可能
でアシ、発電用ガス化炉として好適である。Gasification furnaces include fluidized bed type, moving bed type, spouted bed type, etc. Among these, the spouted bed type has a higher temperature inside the furnace than other types, so it can achieve high gasification efficiency. It is possible to increase the capacity and is suitable as a gasifier for power generation.

噴流層では、石炭を微粉化し酸化剤の酸素、空気等と共
にバーナによシ炉内に噴霧状態で吹込み石炭をガス化す
る。この際、主に部分酸化反応により、−酸化炭素、水
素等を主成分とする低カロリーガスを発生させる。そし
て、炉内を石炭中に含まれた灰分の流動温度以上に昇温
し、石炭灰を溶融状態のスラグ（以後単にスラグと呼ぶ
）とする。この状灰分（スラグ）は、未燃分をほとんど
含有せず、また、冷却するとガラス状となり、有害物の
排出がなくまた、フライアッシュに比べ容積が少ないた
め、廃棄処分に適している。灰の含有量、流動温度は石
炭の種類に大きく左右され、また、流動温度は石炭にＣ
ａＯ等の添加剤を加えることにより低下する。スラグは
、炉内のあらゆる部分に付着、あるいは、気流中に浮遊
する。特に、炉内に旋回流を形成した場合、遠心力によ
り、ガス流れと分離し、炉壁に付着する割合が高くなる
。ある一定量炉壁に付着すると、スラグは液状でるるた
め、重力により炉壁を伝わって流下し炉底部に設置され
た開口部（スラグタップ孔）よシ炉外に排出される。炉
壁に付着したスラグは炉壁の表面で、特定の厚みを持っ
て保持される。この厚みは、石炭灰の種類、炉内の温度
、炉壁の温度によって大きく異なる。In the spouted bed, coal is pulverized and injected into a burner in a spray state together with oxidizers such as oxygen and air to gasify the coal. At this time, a low-calorie gas containing carbon oxide, hydrogen, etc. as main components is generated mainly by a partial oxidation reaction. Then, the temperature inside the furnace is raised to a temperature higher than the flow temperature of the ash contained in the coal, and the coal ash is turned into molten slag (hereinafter simply referred to as slag). This ash (slag) contains almost no unburned matter, becomes glassy when cooled, does not emit harmful substances, and has a smaller volume than fly ash, so it is suitable for disposal. The ash content and flow temperature are greatly affected by the type of coal, and the flow temperature also depends on the coal's carbon content.
It is reduced by adding additives such as aO. Slag adheres to all parts of the furnace or floats in the air current. In particular, when a swirling flow is formed in the furnace, centrifugal force causes the gas to separate from the gas flow and adhere to the furnace wall at a high rate. When a certain amount of slag adheres to the furnace wall, the slag becomes liquid and flows down the furnace wall due to gravity and is discharged out of the furnace through an opening (slag tap hole) installed at the bottom of the furnace. The slag attached to the furnace wall is held at a specific thickness on the surface of the furnace wall. This thickness varies greatly depending on the type of coal ash, the temperature inside the furnace, and the temperature of the furnace wall.

この状態で定常運転が行なわれるが、特に、始動時及び
停止時にスラグタッグにおいて、閉塞状態が生じる。こ
こでスラグが溶融状態で抜き出されないため、スラグが
炉底部に蓄積し、バーナ出口を閉塞させたり、炉の体積
減少により微粉炭の滞留時間が減少してガス化効率を低
下させる。それゆえ、特別の装置を設置して閉塞状態を
回避する試みが行なわれて来た。Steady operation is carried out in this state, but a blockage condition occurs in the slug tag, particularly at the time of starting and stopping. Since the slag is not extracted in a molten state, the slag accumulates at the bottom of the furnace, blocking the burner outlet, and reducing the residence time of pulverized coal due to a reduction in the volume of the furnace, reducing gasification efficiency. Attempts have therefore been made to install special devices to avoid blockages.

スラグタッグの構造は、スラグ排出孔に向けて僅かに傾
け、炉底部のスラグの溜まりを減少させる構造、スラグ
排出孔の上縁を提状に高くシ、逆に、炉底部に溜まりを
作り、オーバーフローにより排出させる構造、等が提案
されて来た。しかし、スラグタッグ孔の温度は、ガス化
による発熱で炉内より供給される熱量とスラグタップ孔
下部の一般に冷却されたスラグ回収部、及びその周辺に
放出される熱量とのバランスで決まり、スラグタップ孔
下部の温度は炉内の温度に比べて低くなる。The structure of the slag tag is slightly tilted toward the slag discharge hole to reduce the accumulation of slag at the bottom of the furnace. Structures have been proposed that allow the gas to be discharged. However, the temperature of the slag tag hole is determined by the balance between the amount of heat supplied from the inside of the furnace due to heat generated by gasification and the amount of heat released into the generally cooled slag recovery section at the bottom of the slag tap hole and its surroundings. The temperature at the bottom of the hole is lower than the temperature inside the furnace.

従って、スラグタップ孔下部でスラグが塊状に固化し、
スラグタップ全体の閉成状況を惹き起こすという問題が
あった。そこで、スラグタップ下面の昇温手段が考案さ
れた。Therefore, the slag solidifies into lumps at the bottom of the slag tap hole,
There was a problem in that the entire slug tap was closed. Therefore, a means for raising the temperature of the bottom surface of the slag tap was devised.

バーナを用いて、付加的燃料、生成ガス等を燃焼させて
その燃焼熱で加熱させるもの、電気的手段として高温用
ヒータ、高周波炉等を用いるものなどが案出され、定常
運転時の閉塞はほぼ回避された。しかし、長時間運転し
た後停止させた場合、次に起動させる時点では、未だ、
閉塞状態が生じている。これは、特に、発電用のガス化
炉のように起動、停止を度々行なう場合大きな障害とな
る。A burner was devised to combust additional fuel, generated gas, etc. and the resulting combustion heat was used for heating, and a high-temperature heater, high-frequency furnace, etc. was devised as an electric means to prevent blockage during steady operation. Almost avoided. However, if you stop it after running it for a long time, the next time you start it up, the
A blockage has occurred. This is a major problem, especially when the gasifier is started and stopped frequently, such as in a gasifier for power generation.

〔発明の目的〕[Purpose of the invention]

本発明の目的は、スラグタッグ付近でスラグによりスラ
グタッグ孔が閉塞することなしに安定して運転するのに
好適な噴流層石炭ガス化炉の運転方法及び装置を提供す
るにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for operating a spouted bed coal gasifier that is suitable for stable operation without clogging slag tag holes with slag near the slag tag.

〔発明の概要〕[Summary of the invention]

運転始動時にスラグタップが閉塞する原因は、スラグタ
ップの下面の温度がスラグを定常的に流しうる温度にな
るまえに、停止時に炉壁に付着したスラグが急昇温によ
り一挙に流れ出すためであり、従って運転始動時のスラ
グタッグの閉塞を回避するためには、運転停止時に炉壁
に付着したスラグを完全に流出させておくことが有効で
あることを筆者等は発見した。The reason why the slag tap becomes clogged at the start of operation is that before the temperature at the bottom of the slag tap reaches a temperature that allows slag to flow steadily, when the furnace is stopped, the slag that has adhered to the furnace wall suddenly flows out due to the sudden temperature rise. Therefore, the authors discovered that in order to avoid clogging of the slag tag at the start of operation, it is effective to completely drain out the slag adhering to the furnace wall when the operation is stopped.

このため、以下に示す装置を噴流層石炭ガス化炉に設置
した。For this purpose, the following equipment was installed in the spouted bed coal gasifier.

（１）　石炭のような灰分を含む燃料を供給せずにスラ
グの流動点以上の温度を維持しうる補助燃料等の燃焼バ
ーナ、またはそれに類する保温装置。(1) A combustion burner using auxiliary fuel that can maintain a temperature above the pour point of slag without supplying fuel containing ash such as coal, or a similar heat retention device.

（２）スラグがスラグタップを通過し滴下していること
を検知する装置。(2) A device that detects when slag passes through a slag tap and is dripping.

０）スラグタッグの上下面の温度を計測しうる装置。0) A device that can measure the temperature of the upper and lower surfaces of the slag tag.

これらの装置により第１図に示す運転方法によシ操作を
行なう。These devices are operated according to the operating method shown in FIG.

すなわち、稼動時には、石炭供給量を設定値に対して１
００％供給する。そして補助燃料を、スラグタップ上、
下面の温度がスラグの流動温度以上に維持しうる量だけ
供給する。この時、スラグ流下量は定常的な値を示す。In other words, during operation, the coal supply amount is reduced by 1 to the set value.
00% supply. Then add auxiliary fuel onto the slug tap,
Supply only the amount that can maintain the temperature of the lower surface above the flow temperature of the slag. At this time, the amount of slag flowing down shows a steady value.

運転を停止した時（第１図における条件ｌ）、石炭供給
量は設定値に対し０チにするが、石炭のガス化によって
供給する熱量が失なわれるので、スラグタップの温度を
スラグの流動温度以上に維持するために、補助燃料の供
給量は最大（１００％）に設定する。When the operation is stopped (condition 1 in Figure 1), the coal supply amount is set to 0, but since the amount of heat supplied is lost due to the gasification of the coal, the temperature of the slag tap is adjusted to the slag flow rate. In order to maintain the temperature above the temperature, the amount of auxiliary fuel supplied is set to the maximum (100%).

スラグが炉内から完全に流れ出した時（第１図における
条件２）、補助燃料の供給量は０％とする。When the slag has completely flowed out of the furnace (condition 2 in FIG. 1), the amount of auxiliary fuel supplied is 0%.

再起動時（第１図における条件３）には、補助燃料の供
給量全最大（１００％）とし昇温する。At the time of restart (condition 3 in FIG. 1), the total amount of auxiliary fuel supplied is the maximum (100%) and the temperature is increased.

そして、スラグタッグ上、下面の温度がスラグの流動温
度以上になった時点（第１図における条件４）で石炭の
供給を開始する。この時点では石炭による熱量の供給が
行なわれるため、スラグタップ下面の温度が、スラグの
流動温度以上に維持する程度まで補助燃料の供給量を減
少させる。Then, the supply of coal is started when the temperature of the upper and lower surfaces of the slag tag becomes equal to or higher than the slag flow temperature (condition 4 in FIG. 1). At this point, coal is used to supply heat, so the amount of auxiliary fuel supplied is reduced to the extent that the temperature at the bottom of the slag tap is maintained at or above the slag flow temperature.

〔発明の実施例〕[Embodiments of the invention]

以下、本発明の一実施例を＠２図ないし第４図により説
明する。An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.

第２図は、本発明の全体のフローを示す。全体は、石炭
等の供給系、石炭ガス化炉本体、生成ガス清浄装置、ス
ラグ排出装置によシ成る。FIG. 2 shows the overall flow of the present invention. The entire system consists of a supply system for coal, etc., a coal gasifier main body, a produced gas cleaning device, and a slag discharge device.

石炭供給系は、ロックホッパ一方式を採用する。The coal supply system will be a single type lock hopper.

石炭は、ガス化に適当な粒度分布に粉砕され微粉炭ｌと
される。そして、加圧用ホッパー２に貯えられ、ホッパ
ーの圧力は炉内圧よりやや高い値まで力日圧される。供
給用ホッパー３も加圧ホッパーと等しい圧力に加圧され
る。インジェクションフィーダ９には、搬送用気体の窒
素４が調節計８によシ適正な値に制御され送られる。供
給用ホッパー３から供給された微粉炭ｌは搬送用窒素４
とインジェクションフィーダ９で混合され、気流輸送に
より微粉炭バーナ１６に送られる。調節計１２により調
節されたガス化剤（酸素又は空気）６と微粉炭１が微粉
炭バーナ６で混合され、ガス化炉１７の内部に吹き込オ
れる。Coal is pulverized into a particle size distribution suitable for gasification to produce pulverized coal. Then, it is stored in a pressurizing hopper 2, and the pressure in the hopper is increased to a value slightly higher than the furnace internal pressure. The supply hopper 3 is also pressurized to the same pressure as the pressure hopper. Nitrogen 4 as a transport gas is controlled to an appropriate value by a controller 8 and sent to the injection feeder 9 . The pulverized coal l supplied from the supply hopper 3 is transported by nitrogen 4
The pulverized coal is mixed with the injection feeder 9 and sent to the pulverized coal burner 16 by air transport. A gasifying agent (oxygen or air) 6 regulated by a controller 12 and pulverized coal 1 are mixed in a pulverized coal burner 6 and blown into a gasifier 17 .

補助燃料５は調節計１０．１１によって調整され、補助
燃料用バーナ１８，１９に供給される。The auxiliary fuel 5 is regulated by a regulator 10.11 and supplied to the auxiliary fuel burners 18,19.

この補助燃料用の調節計１０．１１は丸木発明の運転方
法に基づき制御する制御装置２６によって操作される。This auxiliary fuel regulator 10.11 is operated by a control device 26 based on the operating method of Maruki's invention.

補助燃料用バーナ１８．１９に用いる酸素６は、前述し
た補助燃料用の調節計１Ｏ１１１と同様に制御装置２６
によって操作される調節計１３．１４によシ供給量が調
整される。補助燃料５と酸素６は、補助燃料用バーナ１
８，１９で混合され、ガス化炉１７の内部に吹込まれる
。The oxygen 6 used in the auxiliary fuel burners 18 and 19 is controlled by the control device 26 in the same way as the auxiliary fuel controller 1O111 described above.
The amount of water supplied is regulated by controllers 13 and 14 operated by. The auxiliary fuel 5 and oxygen 6 are supplied to the auxiliary fuel burner 1.
8 and 19 and blown into the gasifier 17.

補助燃料用バーナ１８，１９はスラグタッグ２０の上下
面を保温すべく隣接して設置する。The auxiliary fuel burners 18 and 19 are installed adjacent to each other to keep the upper and lower surfaces of the slag tag 20 warm.

スラグ排出器２１はガス化炉本体１７の直下に設置され
る。スラグ貯蔵器２１には、定期的に冷却水３９が加圧
ポンプ２４によって送られる。そして、スラグ貯蔵器２
１のスラグ２３がある量に達すると、スラグ排出器２２
に移す。ガス化炉１７内で蒸発し失なわれた水はここで
補給される。The slag discharger 21 is installed directly below the gasifier main body 17. Cooling water 39 is periodically sent to the slag reservoir 21 by a pressurizing pump 24. And slag storage 2
When the slag 23 of No. 1 reaches a certain amount, the slag discharger 22
Move to. Water evaporated and lost in the gasifier 17 is replenished here.

ガス化炉１７で発生した生成ガス３８は未燃チャーを含
むので、粗粒子補集用高温サイクロン２８及び、微細粒
子用低温サイクロン３５により未燃チャーを取シ除く。Since the generated gas 38 generated in the gasifier 17 contains unburned char, the unburned char is removed by the high temperature cyclone 28 for collecting coarse particles and the low temperature cyclone 35 for fine particles.

未燃チャーは、加圧用チャーホッパ２９．３６に貯えら
れ、供給用ホッパー３０に移される。そして未燃チャー
はチャー用インジェクションフィーダ３１で、調節計７
により供給量が調整された搬送用気体（窒素）４と混合
される。さらに、未燃チャーは、調節計１５で供給量が
調整された酸素６と共に、チャー用バーす３２で供給さ
れる。Unburned char is stored in the pressurizing char hoppers 29 and 36 and transferred to the supply hopper 30. The unburned char is fed to the char injection feeder 31, and the controller 7
It is mixed with the transport gas (nitrogen) 4 whose supply amount is adjusted by. Further, the unburned char is supplied from the char bar 32 together with the oxygen 6 whose supply amount is adjusted by the controller 15.

生成ガス３８に含まれた硫黄分４０は、脱硫装置３７に
よシ取り除かれる。The sulfur content 40 contained in the generated gas 38 is removed by the desulfurization device 37.

次に、第３図及び第４図によりガス化炉本体のスジゲタ
ツブ及びその周辺を説明する。Next, the striped tube of the gasifier main body and its surroundings will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

微粉炭バーナ１６は、第４図に示されるように、炉の中
心に対して円周方向に特定の角度だけ傾けて配置される
。これにより、時計方向に旋回流れが生じる。補助燃料
供給用バーナ１８，１９は、スラグタップ２０の特に開
孔部を保温すべくガス化炉の中心部に向けられスラグタ
ップ２０の上下面に接するよう設置される。温度計測装
置３３゜３４はスラグタップ２０の上面及び下面の、特
に、開孔部に近い位置に設置される。スラグ流下検知装
置２５は、スラグタッグ２０の開孔部に向けてスラグタ
ッグ２０の下部に設置される。ガス化炉１７の底部には
、スラグ冷却用の水溜めが設置される。As shown in FIG. 4, the pulverized coal burner 16 is arranged circumferentially at a specific angle with respect to the center of the furnace. This creates a swirling flow in a clockwise direction. The auxiliary fuel supply burners 18 and 19 are oriented toward the center of the gasifier and are installed in contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the slag tap 20 in order to keep the openings of the slag tap 20 warm. The temperature measuring devices 33 and 34 are installed on the upper and lower surfaces of the slag tap 20, particularly at positions close to the openings. The slag flow detection device 25 is installed at the lower part of the slag tag 20 toward the opening of the slag tag 20. A water reservoir for cooling the slag is installed at the bottom of the gasifier 17.

この装置を用いて本発明の運転方法を、第１図ないし第
４図を用いて説明する６定常運転時は、微粉炭バーナ１
６より微粉炭ｌが搬送用気体（窒素）５、ガス化剤（酸
素）６と共に、ガス化炉本体１７に送られ、微粉炭ｌは
ガス化剤６によりガス化され、Ｈ２、ＣＣＩ主成分とす
る生成ガス３８となシ、同時に高熱を発生する。石炭中
に含まれた灰分は溶融して溶融灰（スラグ）となシ、炉
壁に付着し、壁を伝って流下する。The operating method of the present invention using this device will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.6 During steady operation, the pulverized coal burner 1
From 6, pulverized coal 1 is sent to the gasifier main body 17 together with a transport gas (nitrogen) 5 and a gasifying agent (oxygen) 6, and the pulverized coal 1 is gasified by the gasifying agent 6, and the main components are H2 and CCI. At the same time, high heat is generated by the generated gas 38. The ash contained in the coal melts into molten ash (slag), which adheres to the furnace wall and flows down the wall.

スラグはスラグタッグ上部に溜甘り、スラグタップ２０
の開孔部を伝って流下する。この際、流下するスラグの
温度は、スジゲタツブ上面では温度測定装＃３３で、ス
ラグタッグ下面では温度測定装置３４でそれぞれ測定さ
れる。この制御装置２６では以下に示す操作を行なう。Slag accumulates at the top of the slag tag, slag tap 20
The water flows down through the openings. At this time, the temperature of the flowing slag is measured by temperature measuring device #33 on the upper surface of the striped tuck and by temperature measuring device 34 on the lower surface of the slag tag. This control device 26 performs the following operations.

この測定された温度を、ガス化に使用する石炭１に含ま
れた灰分が流動温度以上となるように、補助燃料バーナ
１８．１９の補助燃料５及び酸素６を供給する。Auxiliary fuel 5 and oxygen 6 are supplied to the auxiliary fuel burners 18 and 19 so that the measured temperature is equal to or higher than the flow temperature of the ash contained in the coal 1 used for gasification.

すなわち、スラグタップ２０の上面の温度を計測する温
度測定装置３３の値が、スラグが流動温度以下になった
ら、補助燃料バーナ１８の補助燃料５及び酸素６の供給
量を増し、スラグの溶融温度以上になったら減少させる
。この操作をスラグタッグ２０の下面についても行なう
。That is, when the value of the temperature measuring device 33 that measures the temperature of the upper surface of the slag tap 20 becomes below the flow temperature of the slag, the amount of auxiliary fuel 5 and oxygen 6 supplied to the auxiliary fuel burner 18 is increased, and the melting temperature of the slag is increased. If it becomes more than that, reduce it. This operation is also performed on the lower surface of the slug tag 20.

スラグの流下量は、スラグ流下検知装置２５により監視
する。この装置はスラグタッグ２０の下部から滴下する
スラグの滴下頻度、大きさ、形状等を観測することによ
シ、流下量を計測する。The amount of slag flowing down is monitored by a slag flowing down detection device 25. This device measures the amount of slag dripped from the bottom of the slag tag 20 by observing the frequency, size, shape, etc. of the slag.

次に、石炭バーナ１６から微粉炭１及び酸素６の供給を
停止した時（第１図における条件ｌ）、微粉炭１のガス
化反応による熱量の供給が失なわれるので、補助燃料５
及び酸素６の供給量を増し、スラグタップ２０の上、下
面の温度をスラグの流動温度以上に保つ。そして、スラ
グ流下検知装置２５でスラグが検出されなくなった時点
（第１図における条件２）で、補助燃料５及び酸素６の
供給量を停止する。Next, when the supply of pulverized coal 1 and oxygen 6 is stopped from the coal burner 16 (condition 1 in FIG. 1), the supply of heat due to the gasification reaction of the pulverized coal 1 is lost, so the auxiliary fuel 5
The amount of oxygen 6 supplied is increased to maintain the temperature of the upper and lower surfaces of the slag tap 20 above the slag flow temperature. Then, when the slag is no longer detected by the slag flow detection device 25 (condition 2 in FIG. 1), the supply amount of the auxiliary fuel 5 and the oxygen 6 is stopped.

再起動時（第１図における条件３）には、補助燃料５及
び酸素６の供給量は、スラグタッグ２゜の上、下面の温
度計測装置３３．３４で示される温度が適切な速度で昇
温するように調整する。そして、スジゲタツブ２０の上
、下面の温度計測装置３３．３４で示される温度が、ス
ラグの流動温度に達した時（第１図における条件４）に
、微粉炭バーナ１６から微粉炭１及び酸素６の供給を開
始する。At the time of restart (condition 3 in Figure 1), the supply amount of auxiliary fuel 5 and oxygen 6 is such that the temperature indicated by the temperature measuring devices 33 and 34 on the upper and lower surfaces of the slug tag 2° rises at an appropriate rate. Adjust accordingly. Then, when the temperature indicated by the temperature measuring devices 33 and 34 on the upper and lower surfaces of the striped tube 20 reaches the flow temperature of the slag (condition 4 in FIG. 1), the pulverized coal 1 and oxygen 6 from the pulverized coal burner 16 Start supplying.

本発明で用いる補助燃料４には、生成ガス、水素、メタ
ン等の気体燃料、重油等の液体燃料が可能である。また
、スラグタッグ２０の加熱には、電気炉、高周波炉等を
用いることができる。また、温度測定装置３３．３４は
、輻射温度計、熱電対等の使用が可能である。ここで輻
射温度計番用いた場合、スラグタッグ上、下面を監視し
うる覗き窓を設け、そこに輻射−雇計を設置する必要が
ある。スラグタップ２０の開孔部の形状は、傾斜したも
の、堰整設けたものなど荏意の形状でよい。The auxiliary fuel 4 used in the present invention can be gaseous fuel such as produced gas, hydrogen, or methane, or liquid fuel such as heavy oil. Moreover, an electric furnace, a high frequency furnace, etc. can be used to heat the slag tag 20. Further, as the temperature measurement devices 33 and 34, a radiation thermometer, a thermocouple, or the like can be used. If a radiation thermometer is used here, it is necessary to provide a viewing window that can monitor the top and bottom surfaces of the slug tag, and install a radiation thermometer there. The shape of the opening of the slag tap 20 may be any arbitrary shape, such as an inclined one or a dam-shaped one.

スラグ流下量の検知装置は、スジゲタツブ２０の下部を
ビデオカメラに写し、画像処理を行ない、滴下量を計測
する方法、また、滴下する頻度を計測することにより、
滴下量ヲ計揃する方法等が可能でるる。The device for detecting the amount of slag flowing down uses a method of photographing the lower part of the striped tube 20 with a video camera, performing image processing, and measuring the amount of dripping, and also by measuring the frequency of dripping.
It is possible to measure the amount of dripping.

本実施によれば、炉壁に固着したスラグ全完全に取り除
いた後に、停止するので、再起動時に昇温速度を速くで
きる利点がある。According to this embodiment, since the furnace is stopped after all of the slag stuck to the furnace wall is completely removed, there is an advantage that the temperature increase rate can be increased when restarting.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

本発明によれば、スラグタッグ孔を閉塞させることなし
に、噴流層石炭ガス化炉の停止、起動を行なうことがで
きるので、噴流層石炭ガス化炉の運転が安定的にできる
。According to the present invention, the spouted bed coal gasifier can be stopped and started without clogging the slag tag holes, so the spouted bed coal gasifier can be stably operated.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図は本発明の方法を実施するフローチャート、第２
図は本発明の一実施例の噴流層石炭ガス化炉の断面図、
第３図は第２図の■−■矢視図ご伽り狛り１ｆ幡氾丙２
−２Ｎ９ｕ吋ωｍ？”あう。 １６・・・微粉炭バーナ、１７・・・噴岬層石炭ガス化
炉、１８．１９・・・スラグ昇温用バーナ、２０・・・
スラグタップ、２５・・・スラグ流下状況観測装置、３
２・・・サイクロン補収チャー供給バーナ、３３．３４
・・・スラグタッグ温度測定装置。 代理人　弁理士　高橋明夫 第　ｌ　口 条件ｌ　２　３４ 第１頁の続き ＠発明者　戸室　仁−日立市や 所内 ＠発明者　矢荻　捷夫　日立市幸Ｉ 所内 ＠発明者　日中　真二　日立市や 所内FIG. 1 is a flowchart for implementing the method of the present invention; FIG.
The figure is a sectional view of a spouted bed coal gasifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 3 is the ■-■ arrow view of Figure 2.
-2N9u吋ωm? 16...Pulverized coal burner, 17...Funmisaki seam coal gasifier, 18.19...Slag heating burner, 20...
Slag tap, 25... Slag flow situation observation device, 3
2...Cyclone recovery char supply burner, 33.34
...Slag tag temperature measuring device. Agent Patent Attorney Akio Takahashi No. 1 Conditions 2 34 Continued from page 1 @ Inventor Hitoshi Tomuro - Inside Hitachi City and Institute @ Inventor Satoru Yaogi Yuki I Hitachi City @ Inventor Naka Shinji Hitachi City and Institute

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 １、石炭中の灰分か流動化する温度以上で石炭をガス化
し、石炭灰企液体状の溶融灰とし、炉底の開孔部の径を
炉径に比べて小さくした絞り部より抜き出す噴流層石炭
ガス化炉の運転方法において、灰分を発生しない補助燃
料を酸化剤と共に供給するバーナを前記絞り部の上、下
面及び上、下面に近接した空間を昇温可能な位置に設置
し、前記溶融灰が前記絞り部より流下する量を測定し、
前記絞り部の上面に接した位置及び前記絞り部の下面に
接した位置の温度を計測し、前記石炭の供給を停止して
から前記溶融灰の流下確認装置が前記溶融灰の流下を確
認しなくなるまでの間は、前記測定温度が前記溶融灰の
流動点以上の温度を維持するように、前記バーナの補助
燃料の供給量を増減し、起動時及び再起動時には、前記
バーナの前記補助燃料を供給し、前記測定温度が前記溶
融灰の流動点以上の温度に達した後に石炭を供給して起
動することを特徴とする噴流層石炭ガス化炉の運転方法
。 ２、石炭中の灰分を流動化する温度以上で前記石炭をガ
ス化し、石炭灰を液体状の溶融灰として炉底の開孔部の
径を炉径に比べて小さくした絞り部より抜き出す噴流層
石炭ガス化装置において、灰分を発生しない補助燃料を
酸化剤と共に供給しスラグタッグの上、下面及び上、下
面に近接した空間を昇温可能な位置に設置したバーナと
、スラグが前記スラグタッグより流下する量を測定する
計測装置と、前記スラグタッグの上面に接した位置及び
前記スラグタッグの下面に接した位置の温度の計測装置
とからなることを特徴とする噴流層石炭ガス化炉の運転
装置。[Scope of Claims] 1. Coal is gasified at a temperature higher than the temperature at which the ash in the coal becomes fluidized, and the coal ash is made into liquid molten ash, and the diameter of the opening at the bottom of the furnace is made smaller than the diameter of the furnace. In a method of operating a spouted bed coal gasifier in which coal is extracted from a throttle part, a burner that supplies auxiliary fuel that does not generate ash together with an oxidizing agent is placed at a position that can heat the upper and lower surfaces of the throttle part and the spaces near the upper and lower surfaces. and measure the amount of the molten ash flowing down from the constriction part,
Measures the temperature at a position in contact with the upper surface of the throttle part and a position in contact with the lower surface of the throttle part, and after stopping the supply of the coal, the molten ash flow confirmation device confirms the flow of the molten ash. Until the molten ash runs out, the amount of auxiliary fuel supplied to the burner is increased or decreased so that the measured temperature is maintained at a temperature higher than the pour point of the molten ash, and at the time of startup and restart, the amount of auxiliary fuel supplied to the burner is A method for operating a spouted bed coal gasifier, characterized in that the method comprises: supplying coal and starting the coal after the measured temperature reaches a temperature equal to or higher than the pour point of the molten ash. 2. A spouted bed in which the coal is gasified at a temperature higher than that which fluidizes the ash content in the coal, and the coal ash is extracted as liquid molten ash through a constriction section in which the diameter of the opening in the bottom of the furnace is smaller than the diameter of the furnace. In a coal gasifier, a burner is installed in a position where an auxiliary fuel that does not generate ash is supplied together with an oxidizing agent and can heat the space above and below the slag tag, and the space close to the top and bottom surfaces, and the slag flows down from the slag tag. An operating device for a spouted bed coal gasifier, comprising: a measuring device for measuring the amount; and a measuring device for measuring temperatures at a position in contact with the upper surface of the slag tag and a position in contact with the lower surface of the slag tag.