JPS6053197B2 - Swash plate type compressor - Google Patents

Swash plate type compressor

Info

Publication number
JPS6053197B2
JPS6053197B2 JP53080211A JP8021178A JPS6053197B2 JP S6053197 B2 JPS6053197 B2 JP S6053197B2 JP 53080211 A JP53080211 A JP 53080211A JP 8021178 A JP8021178 A JP 8021178A JP S6053197 B2 JPS6053197 B2 JP S6053197B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
swash plate
compressor
shoe
present
sliding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP53080211A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS557946A (en
Inventor
尚三 中山
公雄 加藤
孝光 向井
智雄 藤井
博哉 河野
辰彦 福岡
憲一朗 二村
栄治 浅田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyota Industries Corp
Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd
Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd, Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho KK filed Critical Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd
Priority to JP53080211A priority Critical patent/JPS6053197B2/en
Publication of JPS557946A publication Critical patent/JPS557946A/en
Publication of JPS6053197B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6053197B2/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0873Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
    • F04B27/0878Pistons
    • F04B27/0886Piston shoes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05CINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00Metals
    • F05C2201/04Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0469Other heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0475Copper or alloys thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05CINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00Metals
    • F05C2201/04Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0469Other heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0493Tin

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、コンプレッサに係り、特にカークーラ−用と
して最近多く使用されるようになつた斜板式コンプレッ
サに関するもので、その主たる目的は従来のこの種コン
プレッサよりもより高性能で寿命の長いコンプレッサを
提供することにある。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a compressor, and in particular to a swash plate type compressor that has recently become widely used for car coolers, and its main purpose is to provide higher performance than conventional compressors of this type. Our goal is to provide compressors with a long service life.

斜板式コンプレッサは、一般に第1図に示され、 、、
−に゛一′ 一、、、に−一ー゛一営i−田1−レ 1
−L、、Lフト4に取付けられた該シャフト4とともに
回転する斜板5と該斜板5に接しながら摺動されるシュ
ー6及び該シュー6の動きを自由状態で保持するための
ボール7によつて、シャフト4の回転運動を斜板5を跨
いで係留されたピストン3の往復運動に変換している。
A swash plate compressor is generally shown in FIG.
-ni゛1' 1,,,ni-1-i-1-e i-ta 1-re 1
- A swash plate 5 that rotates together with the shaft 4 attached to the L, L foot 4, a shoe 6 that slides while contacting the swash plate 5, and a ball 7 for holding the shoe 6 in a free state. This converts the rotational motion of the shaft 4 into the reciprocating motion of the piston 3 moored across the swash plate 5.

そして、このような基本的な構造において、冷凍回路内
の循環しコンプレッサに帰還してきた冷媒ガス等の被圧
縮媒体をピストン3にてシリンダボア2内で高圧に圧縮
してコンプレッサ(図示しない)に送り出し、そこで冷
却して液化した後、エバポレータに送つて蒸発させ周囲
から蒸発潜熱を奪つて室内の空気を冷やし、一方奪つた
熱は前記コンプレッサを通過中に空気中(大気中)へ放
出するサイクルを繰返し行なわさせているのである。し
カルて、このような斜板式コンプレッサがカークーラ−
用として用いられる時の作動条件は極めて過酷である。
In this basic structure, the medium to be compressed, such as refrigerant gas, which circulates in the refrigeration circuit and returns to the compressor, is compressed to high pressure in the cylinder bore 2 by the piston 3 and sent to the compressor (not shown). There, after being cooled and liquefied, it is sent to an evaporator to evaporate and remove latent heat of vaporization from the surroundings to cool the indoor air, while the removed heat is released into the air (atmosphere) while passing through the compressor. They are made to do it repeatedly. However, this type of swash plate compressor is used in car coolers.
The operating conditions when used for commercial purposes are extremely harsh.

つまり、駆動源がガソリンあるいはジーゼル等の内燃機
関であり、且つコンプレッサの小型化、軽量化等の目的
及びコンプレッサ能力から内燃機関の回転数とほぼ同じ
回転数を有する構造になつているからである。それ故、
斜板式コンプレッサの回転は内燃機関のアイドリング時
の回転教である約500rpmから高速走行時或は急加
速時等の約6000rpmの条件にさらされるのである
。また、斜板式コンプレッサのみに限られる問題ではな
いが、近年車輛の軽量化等にともない、コンプレッサ自
体の小型・軽量化が希求されるに至り、コンプレッサ内
のオイルポンプが取り外され、これに加えてその高性能
化を図るために潤滑オイルが減少せしめられることなど
によつてコンプレッサ内の摺動部に摩擦摩耗が怠起され
易くなつている。
In other words, the drive source is an internal combustion engine such as gasoline or diesel, and the structure is such that the rotation speed is almost the same as that of the internal combustion engine due to the purpose of making the compressor smaller and lighter, and the compressor capacity. . Therefore,
The rotation of the swash plate compressor is subject to conditions ranging from approximately 500 rpm, which is the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine when it is idling, to approximately 6,000 rpm when the engine is running at high speed or accelerating suddenly. Additionally, although this problem is not limited to swash plate compressors, as vehicles become lighter in recent years, the compressor itself is required to be smaller and lighter, and the oil pump inside the compressor is removed. As the amount of lubricating oil is reduced in order to improve the performance of the compressor, friction and wear are becoming more likely to occur in the sliding parts within the compressor.

更に、近年エンジンルーム内に取りつけられた各種装置
類、例えば排気ガス対策装置、熱料消費低減のための装
置の設置にともなうエンジンルームの高温化が、コンプ
レッサ内の潤滑オイルに与える悪影響もみのがせなくな
つている。
Furthermore, the increase in temperature in the engine room due to the installation of various devices in the engine room in recent years, such as exhaust gas control devices and devices to reduce heat consumption, has an adverse effect on the lubricating oil in the compressor. It's getting worse.

これらの条件下で使用される斜板式コンプレッサにおい
て、最も上記条件の悪影響を受ける部分は第1図の斜板
5とシュー6との摺動である。
In a swash plate compressor used under these conditions, the part most adversely affected by the above conditions is the sliding movement between the swash plate 5 and shoe 6 shown in FIG.

けだし摺動速度がエンジンのアイドリング状態は約2〜
3TrL1SeC1最高回転時の約6000rpmでは
20〜25w1.Isecとなり、通常走行時でも約7
〜15mIsecという極めて高速でそれらが摺動され
ることとなるからである。また、このような高速の摺動
作用に加えて、被圧縮媒体、例えば冷媒を圧縮するため
にシューには荷重が作用し、その大きさは60〜130
k9/Cltであり、摺動速度および圧力が共に最.大
の組合せになることはまれであるが、P■値(圧力をP
kg/Cwfl速度をVTn,Isec)が2000を
越えることは往々にして有り得る。しかも、これが回転
数に関連してくり返し行なわれる。この繰返しによるシ
ューの受ける荷重は特に高回転になるIと衝撃的荷重に
なり、このような衝撃荷重を受けながら、しかも高速摺
動されるという極せて酷な条件が斜板とシューとの摺動
部には生じるのである。また斜板とシューとの摺動状況
を潤滑面から見・ると、前記した如きオイルポンプの除
去にともない摺動部に供給される潤滑油は冷媒ガスとの
混合によつてわずかにガスス状に供給されるだけとなる
。というのは、オイルポンプを除去された斜板式コンプ
レッサの潤滑は、一般にオイルを含む冷媒ガスを、コン
プレッサ内の各摺動部を巧みに巡回させることによつて
潤滑する方法をとるが、この場合オイル量と冷房能力と
は反比例する関係にあるため、斜板式コンプレッサの冷
房能力を高める有効な手段としてオイル量を減らす方向
がとられているからである。このことは別の面からみれ
ば斜板とシューの摺動部の寿命に最も影響を及ぼすのは
潤滑条件であり、特に潤滑オイル量が最もl影響を及ぼ
す。それ故、これら相反する関係の中で特に斜板式コン
プレッサの設計に当つて考慮されるのは、最も過酷な摺
動条件に適合できる斜板とシューのそれぞれの材質であ
る。さらに斜板とシューの摺動は、潤滑のためのオイル
が充分に供給されたとしても充分な潤滑効果の得られに
くいスラスト摺動であるから、摺動面は常に境界潤滑下
におかれ、若しくはそこに固体接触が生じているのであ
り、またカークーラー用斜板式コンプレッサがその使用
上必然的な非定常的回転運動を行なうために生じる現象
として、斜板とシューとの摺動面には始動から数十秒、
長い時には、数分間、潤滑油が供給されない状態が生じ
、それ故この間は斜板とシューとは全くの無潤滑下にお
かれ、固体接触の状況で運転されることとなる。
The sliding speed is approximately 2~2 when the engine is idling.
3TrL1SeC1 At about 6000 rpm at maximum rotation, 20 to 25 w1. Isec, about 7 even during normal driving.
This is because they are slid at an extremely high speed of ~15 mIsec. In addition to this high-speed sliding action, a load acts on the shoe to compress a medium to be compressed, such as a refrigerant, and the size of the load is 60 to 130 mm.
k9/Clt, and the sliding speed and pressure are both the highest. Although it is rare to have a large combination, P■ value (pressure is
kg/Cwfl speed (VTn, Isec) often exceeds 2000. Moreover, this is repeated in relation to the rotational speed. The load that the shoe receives from this repetition becomes an impact load, especially when the rotation speed is high, and the extremely harsh conditions of receiving such impact load and sliding at high speed are extremely harsh conditions for the swash plate and shoe. This occurs in sliding parts. Furthermore, when looking at the sliding condition between the swash plate and the shoes from the lubrication perspective, the lubricating oil supplied to the sliding parts due to the removal of the oil pump as described above becomes slightly gaseous due to mixing with the refrigerant gas. It will only be supplied to This is because a swash plate compressor with an oil pump removed is generally lubricated by refrigerant gas containing oil being skillfully circulated around each sliding part within the compressor, but in this case This is because the amount of oil and the cooling capacity are inversely proportional to each other, so reducing the amount of oil is an effective means of increasing the cooling capacity of the swash plate compressor. From another perspective, it is the lubrication conditions that have the most influence on the life of the sliding parts of the swash plate and the shoes, and in particular, the amount of lubricating oil has the most influence. Therefore, among these conflicting relationships, what is particularly considered when designing a swash plate type compressor is the material of each of the swash plate and shoes that can meet the harshest sliding conditions. Furthermore, the sliding motion between the swash plate and the shoes is a thrust sliding motion in which it is difficult to obtain a sufficient lubrication effect even if sufficient oil is supplied, so the sliding surfaces are always under boundary lubrication. Or, there is solid contact there, and as a phenomenon that occurs because the swash plate compressor for car coolers performs unsteady rotational movement that is inevitable in its use, the sliding surface between the swash plate and the shoe is Several tens of seconds after starting,
When the time is long, a state occurs in which lubricating oil is not supplied for several minutes, and therefore, during this period, the swash plate and shoes are completely unlubricated and are operated in a state of solid contact.

このような状態は冷媒が管路から洩れてしまつて冷凍サ
イクル内の封じ込められてる冷媒が少なくなつた場合や
、エバポレータに取り付けられた蒸発圧力調整装置の作
動によつてコンプレッサに戻される冷媒量が減少せしめ
られた場合などにも同様に惹起されるのである。従つて
、これまでの斜板式コンプレッサにおける各種トラブル
の中で最も多いのは、上記した始動時からの無潤滑下で
生じる焼付きであり、またこの無潤滑下で生じた摩耗が
致命的欠陥になつてその後に焼付きを起すことてあつた
This situation can occur when refrigerant leaks from the pipe line and the amount of refrigerant contained in the refrigeration cycle becomes low, or when the amount of refrigerant returned to the compressor is reduced due to the operation of the evaporation pressure regulator attached to the evaporator. It is also caused when the amount is decreased. Therefore, among the various troubles that have occurred in swash plate compressors to date, the most common problem is the seizure that occurs without lubrication from the time of startup, and the wear that occurs without lubrication can become a fatal defect. After getting used to it, burn-in occurred.

従来より上記のような潤滑条件下でも耐える材料として
、かつ上記のような高面圧、衝撃荷重に耐える材料とて
、先す斜板としては機械的な剛性、疲労強度、耐摩耗性
を持つ構造用合金鋼のニッケルクロム鋼、ニッケルモリ
ブデン鋼、クロムモリブデン鋼、球状黒鉛鋳鉄等が用い
られ、かつ表面層は焼入れをして用いられていた。
Conventionally, swash plates are made of materials that can withstand the above lubrication conditions, as well as the high surface pressure and impact loads mentioned above, and have mechanical rigidity, fatigue strength, and wear resistance. Structural alloy steels such as nickel-chromium steel, nickel-molybdenum steel, chromium-molybdenum steel, and spheroidal graphite cast iron were used, and the surface layer was hardened.

また、ボールとしては主に高荷重に耐えるためにやはり
高炭素クロム鋼のようなものが用いられていた。そして
、シュー材としては、アルジル合金、リン青銅、銅一鉛
一錫合金、黄銅、高力黄銅合金、青銅合金、アルミニウ
ム青銅合金、バビツトメタル、含油軸受合金等が考えら
れていた。しかし、カークーラー用斜板式コンプレッサ
特有の前述の如き極めて過酷な運転条件に対し、これま
での知られている材料ではどれも充分満足し得るもので
はなかつたのであり、またこのような材料の中にあつて
、先に本出願人らは銅一鉛一錫係合金粉末を鋼板上に焼
結したバイメタル材が唯一の長寿命化可能な料であるこ
とを見出し、特願和49−109856として出願した
が、この出願に係る材料てあつても、より小型化、高性
能化の要求される斜板式コンプレッサには必ずしも充分
とは言えず、更に厳格な条件下にあつてはシューの焼付
が少なからず生じていたのであり、それ故更に焼付の生
じ難く且つ耐摩耗性に優れる等の従来よりもより以上に
向上しめられた特性を有する寿命の長い材料の開発が望
まれているのである。
In addition, the ball was mainly made of high carbon chromium steel in order to withstand high loads. As the shoe material, Algyl alloy, phosphor bronze, copper-lead-tin alloy, brass, high-strength brass alloy, bronze alloy, aluminum bronze alloy, Babbitt metal, oil-impregnated bearing alloy, etc. have been considered. However, none of the materials known to date have been able to fully satisfy the aforementioned extremely harsh operating conditions unique to swash plate compressors for car coolers. In this regard, the present applicants have previously discovered that a bimetallic material made by sintering copper-lead-tin alloy powder on a steel plate is the only material that can extend the lifespan, and has filed a patent application No. 49-109856. However, even if the material according to this application is available, it cannot be said that it is necessarily sufficient for swash plate type compressors that require smaller size and higher performance, and under more severe conditions, shoe seizure may occur. Therefore, there is a desire to develop a long-life material that has properties that are even more improved than conventional ones, such as being less likely to seize and having excellent wear resistance.

ここにおいて、上記の如き事情に鑑みて、本発明者らは
種々の研究開発を行つた結果、摺速2〜45n11se
cのくり返し運転並びに面圧130〜140k9/dの
くり返し衝撃荷重に耐え、また潤滑オイルの供給が極め
て微少で、冷媒との混合ガス状で供給され、かつ始動か
ら数秒いし数分間は無潤滑な条件て摺動されても充分耐
る優れた合金材料を見出し、これを斜板式コンプレッサ
、特にカークーラー用のシュー材料に適用することによ
り本発明を完成するに至つたものである。
In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the inventors of the present invention conducted various research and development and found that the sliding speed was 2 to 45n11se.
It can withstand repeated operations of c and repeated shock loads of surface pressure of 130 to 140k9/d, and the supply of lubricating oil is extremely small, it is supplied in the form of a mixed gas with refrigerant, and there is no lubrication for several seconds to several minutes after startup. The present invention was completed by discovering an excellent alloy material that is sufficiently resistant to sliding under various conditions and applying it to shoe materials for swash plate compressors, particularly car coolers.

すなわち、本発明は特に熱伝導度をあまり低下.させな
いい範囲で強化され、且つ特に高温下での硬度の低下が
少なく、しかも良好な摺動特性を有する銅合金からなる
、前述した従来の問題をことごとく解消せしめたシュー
を提供するものであつてその要旨とするところは、前述
の如き斜板式コ.ンプレツサにおいて、シュー材料とし
て、銅(Cu)を主体とし、これに1〜8%(重量基準
、以下同じ)のマンガン(Mn)、0.1〜4%のケイ
素(Sl)を含有せしめ、更に5%未満(零を含まない
)の錫(Sn)を含有せしめたCu合金を用いることに
ある。
That is, the present invention particularly reduces the thermal conductivity too much. The present invention provides a shoe that is made of a copper alloy that is strengthened to the extent that it does not deteriorate, has little decrease in hardness especially at high temperatures, and has good sliding properties, and that eliminates all of the conventional problems described above. The gist of this is that the swash plate type motor as mentioned above. In the compressor, the shoe material is mainly made of copper (Cu), which contains 1 to 8% (by weight, the same applies hereinafter) of manganese (Mn) and 0.1 to 4% of silicon (Sl), and further The purpose is to use a Cu alloy containing less than 5% (not including zero) of tin (Sn).

かかる本発明において用いられるMn並びにSiは、主
としてCuに固溶されて機械的強度を向上させる添加元
素であるが、またこれらがCuに同時に添加されること
により、Cu母材内にh<5Siとの化合物による析出
物を形成せしめ、以てこれら元素の固溶並びに析出効果
に基づいてCuの有効な強化が図られ、しかも耐摩耗性
が改善されるのである。
Mn and Si used in the present invention are additive elements that are mainly dissolved in Cu to improve mechanical strength, but when they are added to Cu at the same time, h<5Si is present in the Cu base material. By forming a precipitate by a compound with Cu, effective strengthening of Cu is achieved based on the solid solution and precipitation effects of these elements, and the wear resistance is improved.

特に、これら、本発明に従つてCuに添加せしめられる
固溶形添加元素のMn,Siのそれぞれの添加量は、次
のことを考慮して定められることとなる。即ち、先ずS
iは0.1〜4%、好ましくは0.3〜2.0の範囲て
使用され、0.1%未満ではマトリックスの固溶強化元
素としては固溶量が不足し、充分でなく、また4%を越
える量で添加されると金属間化合物が析出し合金が脆化
するからである。また、Mnは1〜8%、好ましくは1
.5〜5%の割合で添加する必要があり、特に4〜5%
がもつともよい。なぜなら、Mnのみで固溶による組織
の機械的向上は、はかれるが、これ力Giとともに添加
されると、もつとも理想的な共晶珪化物が得られ、すぐ
れた耐摩耗性が得られるからである。しかし、Mn添加
量が1%未満では亜共晶珪化物となり、充分な耐摩耗性
が得られないのであり、逆に8%を越えると、マトリッ
クスの硬度が高くなりすぎて相手材を摩耗させてしまう
問題を生ずると同時に、熱伝導度が低下しすぎるからで
ある。また、かかるMn及びSiと共にCuに添加せし
められる錫(Sn)はCuの固溶することによつてマト
リックスを強化することはもちろん、摺動特性上は摩擦
係数を低くし、かつこの摩擦係数は高温になつても安定
した低摩擦係数であつて、その結果特に高温状況下での
耐焼付性にすぐれた効果を発揮するのである。
In particular, the amounts of Mn and Si, which are solid solution additive elements added to Cu according to the present invention, are determined in consideration of the following. That is, first S
i is used in the range of 0.1 to 4%, preferably 0.3 to 2.0; if it is less than 0.1%, the amount of solid solution is insufficient to serve as a solid solution strengthening element for the matrix; This is because if added in an amount exceeding 4%, intermetallic compounds will precipitate and the alloy will become brittle. Moreover, Mn is 1 to 8%, preferably 1
.. It is necessary to add at a rate of 5 to 5%, especially 4 to 5%.
It's also good. This is because Mn alone can improve the mechanical structure of the structure by solid solution, but when it is added together with Gi, an ideal eutectic silicide can be obtained and excellent wear resistance can be obtained. . However, if the amount of Mn added is less than 1%, it becomes a hypoeutectic silicide, and sufficient wear resistance cannot be obtained.On the other hand, if it exceeds 8%, the hardness of the matrix becomes too high, causing wear of the mating material. This is because, at the same time, the thermal conductivity decreases too much. In addition, tin (Sn) added to Cu together with Mn and Si not only strengthens the matrix by solid solution of Cu, but also lowers the coefficient of friction in terms of sliding properties. It has a stable low coefficient of friction even at high temperatures, and as a result exhibits excellent seizure resistance, especially under high temperature conditions.

しかし、かかる添加されるSnは上記の如くCuに固溶
してしまうため合金の熱伝導性を低下させやすく、それ
故その添加範囲は限定される。この意味において、その
添加上限としては5%が採用され、それ故Snは5%未
満の範囲で(勿論零は含まれない)適宜その添加量が決
定されるのであり、またその好適な添加量としては1〜
3%が最も望ましいのである。なお、Snの添加はまた
鋳造性の改良にも有効である。従つて、本発明に従う、
Cuを母材とし、これにMn,Si並びにSnをそれぞ
れ添加した合金は、シュー素材として優れた特性を持つ
合金組成となつているのである。けだし、潤滑オイルの
量の少ない場合のカークーラー用斜板式コンプレツサシ
ユーとして最も問題になるのはシューの熱伝導度であり
、そしてその熱伝導度に最も影響を及ぼすのは添加元素
であり、さらに摩擦係数の大小が発熱の直接原因となる
のであつて、それ故いかに少ない添加元素でマトリック
スを強化しかつ摺動特性を向上させるかが高性能カーク
ーラー用斜板式コンプレッサシューとして更に良好に適
応出来るか否かのポイントとなつているからである。そ
して、いわゆる通常運転時は比較的少ないながらもある
程度の潤滑オイルは供給されるため、特にシュー材にお
いては熱伝導性をよくし、効果的に熱を放散させること
及び高温下で硬度の低下を少なくして組織変化を少なく
することがシューの摺動特性を左右することとなる。こ
の意味において、Mn及びSiと共にSn5−Cuに添
加することは重要な効果を奏するのてある。また、高性
能カークーラー用斜板式コンプレッサにおいて始動時の
無潤滑状況が改善されることにより、それらが短時間に
て解消されるように設計されるようになつても、完全に
解消させることは難しく、またオイル量の減少、冷媒ガ
スの減少等は通常運転時にもたまに起り、このような種
々の条件に対しても対応出来るシューの材質としては種
々の性能が要求されるのである。
However, since such added Sn is dissolved in Cu as described above, it tends to reduce the thermal conductivity of the alloy, and therefore the range of its addition is limited. In this sense, 5% is adopted as the upper limit of Sn addition, and therefore the addition amount of Sn is determined as appropriate within the range of less than 5% (of course, zero is not included), and the appropriate addition amount. As for 1~
3% is most desirable. Note that the addition of Sn is also effective in improving castability. Therefore, according to the invention,
An alloy in which Mn, Si, and Sn are added to Cu as a base material has an alloy composition that has excellent characteristics as a shoe material. However, when using a swash plate compressor sash for a car cooler when the amount of lubricating oil is small, the most important issue is the thermal conductivity of the shoes, and the additive elements have the greatest effect on that thermal conductivity. Moreover, the magnitude of the friction coefficient is a direct cause of heat generation, so it is important to strengthen the matrix and improve the sliding characteristics with as few additive elements as possible to make the swash plate type compressor shoe for high-performance car coolers even better. This is because it is a key point in whether or not you can adapt. During normal operation, a certain amount of lubricating oil is supplied, although it is relatively small, so the shoe material must have good thermal conductivity, effectively dissipate heat, and prevent hardness from decreasing at high temperatures. The sliding properties of the shoe will be influenced by reducing the structure change. In this sense, adding Mn and Si to Sn5-Cu has an important effect. In addition, even if swash plate compressors for high-performance car coolers are designed to eliminate the no-lubrication situation at startup in a short period of time, it is impossible to completely eliminate the problem. Moreover, reductions in oil amount, refrigerant gas, etc. occasionally occur during normal operation, and shoe materials that can cope with these various conditions must have various performances.

それ故、本発明に従う添加元素の選択と量と、それによ
る強化度合、熱伝導度性は充分に考慮される必要があり
、最も適切と思われる組合せはCuにMnとSi並びに
Snをともに添加することが望ましいものである。
Therefore, it is necessary to fully consider the selection and amount of additive elements according to the present invention, the resulting degree of reinforcement, and thermal conductivity.The most appropriate combination is the addition of both Mn, Si, and Sn to Cu. It is desirable to do so.

特に、固溶によるマトリックス全体の強化と耐摩耗性向
上に加えて、固溶元素を多くしすぎることによる害であ
る金属間化合物のための組織不均一と熱伝導性の低下、
マトリックスの硬化しすぎによるもろさをなくすために
、上記のような害をあまりともなわないで強化出来る、
本発明に従う併用によつて析出物を形成し得る添加元素
を用いれは、焼付きにくく、かつ析出物による耐摩耗性
も期待でき、そして熱伝導性はあまり低下させない範囲
で可能となるのである。
In particular, in addition to strengthening the entire matrix and improving wear resistance due to solid solution, too much solid solution elements can cause harm due to intermetallic compounds, resulting in uneven structure and decreased thermal conductivity.
In order to eliminate the brittleness caused by over-hardening of the matrix, it is possible to strengthen it without causing much harm as described above.
By using additive elements that can form precipitates in combination according to the present invention, it is possible to expect resistance to seizure and wear resistance due to the precipitates, and it is possible to achieve this without significantly reducing thermal conductivity.

なお、通常摺動材の選択には相手材の選択も重要であり
、特に条件がきびしい場合は、相手材もより限定される
。そのような中にあつて従来の摺動材は相手材がCr銅
、Mn鋼であれば比較的良好であるが、これが球状黒鉛
鋳鉄となると摺動特性が悪く相手材としては不適となる
。しかしながら、本発明に係るCu合金からなるシュー
材は相手材が球状黒鉛鋳鉄であつても耐えることが確認
されている。また、本発明らの検討によれば、高性能カ
ークーラー用斜板式コンプレッサに使用できるシュー材
として要求される熱伝導度は0.2ca11cIt−S
ec・℃以上であることが望ましく、更に0.4ca1
1cIt−Sec・℃以上であることがより好ましいも
のであり、且つその硬度にあつても300℃の高温度下
においてビッカース硬さ(Hv)80以上の値を有する
ことが望ましいことが明らかとなつたが、本発明に係る
Cu合金はいずれもか)る望しい熱伝導度並びに硬度を
有するものであり、以て優れた効果を奏してるのである
。この結果、かくの如き本発明に係るCu合金には次の
ような効果を認めることが出来るのである。
Note that when selecting a sliding material, the selection of a mating material is also important, and when the conditions are particularly severe, the mating material is also more limited. Under such circumstances, conventional sliding materials are relatively good when the mating material is Cr copper or Mn steel, but when used with spheroidal graphite cast iron, the sliding properties are poor and the material is unsuitable as the mating material. However, it has been confirmed that the shoe material made of the Cu alloy according to the present invention can withstand even when the mating material is spheroidal graphite cast iron. In addition, according to the studies of the present inventors, the thermal conductivity required for shoe material that can be used in swash plate compressors for high-performance car coolers is 0.2ca11cIt-S.
It is desirable that the temperature is ec・℃ or higher, and furthermore 0.4ca1
It has become clear that it is more preferable that the hardness is 1 cIt-Sec・℃ or more, and that it is desirable that the hardness has a Vickers hardness (Hv) of 80 or more at a high temperature of 300℃. However, all of the Cu alloys according to the present invention have desirable thermal conductivity and hardness, and thus exhibit excellent effects. As a result, the following effects can be recognized in the Cu alloy according to the present invention.

すなわち、従来のシュー材料に比べ添加元素の量が著し
く少ないため、熱伝導性がよく、無潤滑に近い状態が長
くつづいても生じた摩擦熱を放散しやすく、かつ高温に
なつてもシュー材の軟化がなく、そのため焼付きに至り
にくいのである。また本発明にあつては強化のための添
加元素が従来に比べて少ないことから、従来材料に比べ
て充分な強化は一見果たされていないように考えられる
が、従来材にあつては添加元素が20〜40%もの多量
であるための熱の放散が悪いことから生じる焼付きやす
さを、多量のPbの添加によるなじみ性、すベリ性で解
決しようとしていたため、本発明での銅合金よりは常温
下では多少優れているが、全体としての強度は低下して
いたのであり、これに対し本発明は添加元素量が少ない
ので、結果的にさほど従来材と比して強度に差がないの
である。しかし、特に高温下ては、本発明の銅合金は従
来材よりも優れた値を示す。さらに、本発明にあつては
、高温下でも硬さの低下が少ないMn,Si,Snの固
溶元素の添加により、シューが摩擦熱等により高温にな
つてもマトリックスの強度、硬度は低下せず、極めて安
定な状態になつているのである。なお、本発明のCu合
金には、その他添加元素としてニッケルNil鉄Fel
テルルTeリンP1アンチモンSblヒ素M等を少割合
で添加せしめることが出来、それによつて主に強度向上
あるいはマトリックスの微細化等の効果があるが、いず
も添加効果に一長一短があり、Mn,Si,Snに比べ
てやや性能が落ちることが確かめられている。
In other words, since the amount of added elements is significantly smaller than conventional shoe materials, it has good thermal conductivity and can easily dissipate the frictional heat generated even in long periods without lubrication, and the shoe material remains stable even at high temperatures. There is no softening of the material, which makes it less likely to cause seizure. In addition, in the case of the present invention, since there are fewer additive elements for strengthening than in the past, it seems that sufficient strengthening is not achieved compared to conventional materials, but in the case of conventional materials, the addition of The copper alloy in this invention However, the overall strength was lower, whereas the present invention has a smaller amount of added elements, so as a result, there is not much difference in strength compared to the conventional material. There isn't. However, especially at high temperatures, the copper alloy of the present invention exhibits superior values to conventional materials. Furthermore, in the present invention, the strength and hardness of the matrix do not decrease even when the shoe is heated to high temperatures due to frictional heat, etc., by adding solid solution elements such as Mn, Si, and Sn, which have little decrease in hardness even at high temperatures. It is now in an extremely stable state. In addition, the Cu alloy of the present invention contains nickel, Ni, iron, Fel, etc. as other additive elements.
Tellurium, Te, Phosphorus, Antimony, Sbl, Arsenic, M, etc. can be added in small proportions, and this mainly has the effect of improving strength or making the matrix finer, but there are advantages and disadvantages to the effects of addition. It has been confirmed that the performance is slightly lower than that of Si and Sn.

しかしある条件下ては使用に耐えることも確かめられて
いる。以下に、本発明の理解を更に容易にするために、
本発明の具体例を示す。
However, it has been confirmed that it can withstand use under certain conditions. Below, in order to further facilitate understanding of the present invention,
A specific example of the present invention will be shown.

先ず、第1表に示す組成割合で鋳造法により試料1〜3
を得た。
First, samples 1 to 3 were prepared using the casting method using the composition ratios shown in Table 1.
I got it.

鋳造法としては、約1250℃でCu、合金元素(Mn
,Si,Sn)の順に添加する方法を採用し、そして得
られた材料を偏析防止のため約700℃、2Hrsの熱
処理を行つてCu合金材料を得た。そして、得られたこ
れらの材料による実機試験を行うために、それぞれ直径
18Tn1厚さ4.57mに加工を施してシューを得た
The casting method involves casting Cu and alloying elements (Mn) at approximately 1250°C.
, Si, and Sn), and the resulting material was heat-treated at about 700° C. for 2 hours to prevent segregation, to obtain a Cu alloy material. Then, in order to conduct an actual machine test using these obtained materials, shoes were obtained by processing each material to a diameter of 18Tn and a thickness of 4.57m.

また、このシューには中心に直径約147rr!nのボ
ールの一部が内接するように深さ約37177!の球状
凹面が施してある。なお、比較材として上記と同様の方
法により、第2表に示す合金組成の試料11〜18を作
り、本発明に係るCu合金からのシューとの比較を行つ
た。また、試料1〜3の常温時での最終加工時の硬さは
すべてHvlOO以上を有するものであつた。
Also, this shoe has a diameter of approximately 147rr in the center! The depth is about 37177 so that part of the n ball is inscribed! It has a spherical concave surface. Incidentally, samples 11 to 18 having the alloy composition shown in Table 2 were prepared as comparative materials by the same method as above, and compared with the shoe made of the Cu alloy according to the present invention. Moreover, the hardness of Samples 1 to 3 at the time of final processing at room temperature was all HvlOO or higher.

さらに、得られた各試料の熱伝導度を測定し第3表に示
すが、該表より明らかなように、本発明のCuからなる
各試料はいずれも優れた熱伝導度を有しているのである
。実験1 第1表、第2表の各試料を用いて摩擦係数とその時の発
熱温度を測定する実験を行つた測定方法としては円板を
回転させ、これにシューを押圧し、その押圧荷重を漸増
させながら、その時の摩擦係数およびシューの発熱温度
を測定した。
Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of each of the obtained samples was measured and is shown in Table 3. As is clear from the table, all of the samples made of Cu of the present invention have excellent thermal conductivity. It is. Experiment 1 An experiment was conducted to measure the coefficient of friction and the temperature generated at that time using each sample in Tables 1 and 2. The measurement method was to rotate a disc, press a shoe against it, and apply the pressing load. The friction coefficient and the heat generation temperature of the shoe were measured while gradually increasing the friction coefficient.

条件 (1)すベリ速度 13wL,Isec一定(2)荷
重 40kg/Criより20k9/C7l!ずつ
漸増 各荷重
段階は3紛 (3)潤滑オイル 低粘度オイルSSU7O(4)潤
滑方法 フェルト塗布 約0.8cc/分(5)試
験 片 デイスクニ真直度1μm
以下、あらさ(最大) 0.
4〜0.6−S シユーニ真直度1
μm以 下、
あらさ(最大) 0.4〜0.6−S 得られた結果第2図、第3図に示す。
Conditions (1) Full speed 13wL, constant Isec (2) Load
Weight 20k9/C7l from 40kg/Cri! one by one
Gradual increase Each load stage has 3 powders (3) Lubricating oil Low viscosity oil SSU7O (4) Lubrication method Felt application Approximately 0.8 cc/min (5) Test piece Disk straightness 1 μm
Below, roughness (maximum) 0.
4~0.6-S Schuni straightness 1
μm or less,
Roughness (maximum) 0.4 to 0.6-S The obtained results are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

なお、第2図、第3図は実験結果の一部である。他の試
料3も1、2と比べて多少性能は落ちるが同様の結果が
得られている。第2図より明らかなように、本発明にも
とづく試料は比較材に比して、すべての領域で摩擦係数
が低く、かつ荷重を増加せても安定している。また、第
3図からシューの発熱温度をみると、本発明に係る試料
にあつては比較試料に比して、すべての領域で低くなつ
ているのである。
Note that FIGS. 2 and 3 are part of the experimental results. Similar results were obtained for the other sample 3, although the performance was somewhat lower than that for samples 1 and 2. As is clear from FIG. 2, the sample based on the present invention has a lower coefficient of friction in all regions than the comparative material, and is stable even when the load is increased. Further, when looking at the heat generation temperature of the shoe from FIG. 3, it is found that the sample according to the present invention is lower in all regions than the comparative sample.

さらにこれらの結果と第3表の各試料の熱伝導度とを対
応させてみると、熱伝導度がある程度以上ある本発明試
料はすべて良好である。これらのことから、荷重を増加
させれば、当然摩擦抵抗は高くなつて、発熱が生じ、こ
の発熱によつて材料の組織が変化し、摩擦係数の増加に
よつて焼付くという傾向が熱伝導性の悪い比較試料には
生じているが、本発明試料には発熱があつてもその放熱
性にすぐれているため、シュー全体の温度、あるいは摺
動面近くの温度があまり高くならず、それがため組織変
化、摩擦係数の増加等の現象がなく、すべての領域で安
定しているのである。
Furthermore, when these results are compared with the thermal conductivity of each sample in Table 3, all the samples of the present invention having a thermal conductivity above a certain level are good. Based on these facts, if the load is increased, the frictional resistance will naturally increase and heat will be generated.This heat generation will change the structure of the material, and the increase in the coefficient of friction will cause seizures.Thermal conduction Although this occurs in comparison samples with poor performance, even if heat is generated in the samples of the present invention, it has excellent heat dissipation properties, so the temperature of the entire shoe or the temperature near the sliding surface does not rise too much. Therefore, there are no phenomena such as structural changes or increases in the coefficient of friction, and it is stable in all areas.

こ)で特に注目すべきはオイル潤滑が充分でない条件で
ありながら、本発明試料は良好であることであり、そこ
に大きな意義があるのである。
What is particularly noteworthy in this case is that even though the oil lubrication was not sufficient, the samples of the present invention performed well, which is of great significance.

実験2次に潤滑油の供給において最も厳しい条件下での
実機試験を行ない、得られた結果を第4表に示した。
Experiment 2 Next, an actual machine test was conducted under the most severe conditions for supplying lubricating oil, and the results obtained are shown in Table 4.

なお、試験条件は以下の通りである。(1)コンプレッ
サ 斜板式コンプレッサー (総
排気量150cc)(2)回転数4000rpm(3)
吐出側ガス圧 Pd=4〜5kg/Clt(4)吸入側
ガス圧 Ps=約−5『Hy(5)作動時間 20
Hrs (6)潤滑オイル 冷凍機オイル150cc(7)
相 手 材 球状黒鉛鋳鉄(8)ガ ス 量 10
0y(正規の約10%)11ir!11)i−?ぶ??
)に−、本発明に係る試料はいずれも焼付が全く発生せ
ず、すべて良好である。
The test conditions are as follows. (1) Compressor Swash plate compressor (total displacement 150cc) (2) Rotation speed 4000 rpm (3)
Discharge side gas pressure Pd = 4 to 5 kg/Clt (4) Suction side gas pressure Ps = approx. -5 Hy (5) Operating time 20
Hrs (6) Lubricating oil Refrigerator oil 150cc (7)
Mating material Spheroidal graphite cast iron (8) Gas amount 10
0y (about 10% of regular) 11ir! 11) i-? Buu? ?
) - None of the samples according to the present invention suffered from seizure at all, and all were in good condition.

特に、この実験は通常運転状況で起る中で最も潤滑の厳
しい条件であることから、このような条件下でも満足生
来たことは、まさしく本発明に係るCu合金試料の優秀
さを証明するものである。実験3 次に負荷寿命試験として、特に潤滑不良を起こしやすい
条件下での実機試験を行ない、その結果を第5表に示し
た。
In particular, since this experiment was conducted under the most severe lubrication conditions that occur under normal operating conditions, the fact that it survived satisfactorily under such conditions is proof of the superiority of the Cu alloy sample according to the present invention. It is. Experiment 3 Next, as a load life test, an actual machine test was conducted under conditions that particularly tend to cause poor lubrication, and the results are shown in Table 5.

尚、試験条件は以下の通りである。(1)コンプレッサ
ー 斜板式コンプレッサー (総
排気量150cc)(2)回転数5500r″Pm(3
)吐出側ガス圧 Pd=20k9/Clt(4)吸入側
ガス圧 Ps=3kg/Clt(5)作動時間 4
00Hrs(6)潤滑オイルと量 冷凍機オイル150
cc(7)継続運転 2鍬運転、5秒休止(8)相
手 材 球状黒鉛鋳鉄 (9)ガス量1k9 第5表より明らかなように本発明に係る試料1〜3はい
ずれも比較試料11〜18に比して、焼付現象はなく、
また摩耗量も少なく、充分使用に耐えることが判明した
The test conditions are as follows. (1) Compressor Swash plate compressor (total displacement 150cc) (2) Rotational speed 5500r''Pm (3
) Discharge side gas pressure Pd=20k9/Clt (4) Suction side gas pressure Ps=3kg/Clt (5) Operating time 4
00Hrs (6) Lubricating oil and amount Refrigerating machine oil 150
cc (7) Continuous operation 2 hoe operation, 5 seconds pause (8) Partner material Spheroidal graphite cast iron (9) Gas amount 1k9 As is clear from Table 5, Samples 1 to 3 according to the present invention are all Comparative Sample 11 -18, there was no burn-in phenomenon,
It was also found that the amount of wear was small and that it could be used satisfactorily.

この実験は潤滑オイルがほとんど存在しない状況が生じ
やすい場合の実験であることから、これに対し良好であ
つたことは焼付にくいことを示すものである。
Since this experiment was conducted in a situation where almost no lubricating oil was present, the fact that it performed well indicates that seizure is unlikely.

以上詳述した如く、本発明はコンプレッサー、特にカー
クーラー用斜板式コンプレッサーにおいて潤滑オイルが
極めて少なく、斜板とシューの摺動部にオイルが充分供
給されなくとも、また数分間の無潤滑状態が生じても、
更に相手材として摺動特性の悪い球状黒鉛鉄であつても
、損耗が少なく且つ熱伝導性に優れた特定のCu合金か
らなるシュー材を用いたことによつて、極めて長期間の
使用に耐え得る、寿命の長い斜板式コンプレッサーを提
供し得たものであつて、特にカークーラー用のコンプレ
ッサーの高性能化に大きく寄与し得たところに、大きな
意義を有するものである。
As detailed above, the present invention can be applied to a compressor, especially a swash plate type compressor for a car cooler, even if there is very little lubricating oil and the sliding parts of the swash plate and shoes are not sufficiently supplied with oil. Even if it occurs,
Furthermore, even if the mating material is spheroidal graphite iron, which has poor sliding properties, by using a shoe material made of a specific Cu alloy that is less susceptible to wear and has excellent thermal conductivity, it can withstand extremely long-term use. This invention is of great significance in that it has been able to provide a swash plate type compressor with a long service life, and in particular has greatly contributed to improving the performance of compressors for car coolers.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は斜板式コンプレッサーを説明するための縦断面
図であり、第2図及び第3図は実験1において得られた
摩擦係数及び発熱温度結果をそれぞれ示すグラフである
。 1・・ウリンダプロツク、2・・ウリンダボア、3・・
ゼストン、4・・・シャフト、5・・・斜板、6・・・
シユ―、71●ボ「ル。
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view for explaining a swash plate compressor, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are graphs showing the friction coefficient and heat generation temperature results obtained in Experiment 1, respectively. 1... Urinda Prok, 2... Urinda Boa, 3...
Zeston, 4...shaft, 5...swash plate, 6...
Shu, 71●Bo ``Le.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 シリンダブロック内において回転軸により回転せし
められる斜板と、該斜板にシューを介して係留されたピ
ストンを有し、該斜板の回転に応じて前記ピストンがシ
リンダボア内を往復動するようにされた斜板式コンプレ
ッサにおいて、前記シューが、銅を主体とし、これに1
〜8%のマンガン及び0.1〜4%のケイ素を含有せし
め、更に5%未満(零を含まない)の錫を含有せしめた
銅合金からなることを特徴とする斜板式コンプレッサ。
1 A swash plate that is rotated by a rotating shaft within a cylinder block, and a piston that is moored to the swash plate via a shoe, so that the piston reciprocates within the cylinder bore in accordance with the rotation of the swash plate. In the swash plate compressor, the shoe is mainly made of copper, and
A swash plate compressor comprising a copper alloy containing ~8% manganese, 0.1-4% silicon, and further containing less than 5% (not including zero) tin.
JP53080211A 1978-07-01 1978-07-01 Swash plate type compressor Expired JPS6053197B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP53080211A JPS6053197B2 (en) 1978-07-01 1978-07-01 Swash plate type compressor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP53080211A JPS6053197B2 (en) 1978-07-01 1978-07-01 Swash plate type compressor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS557946A JPS557946A (en) 1980-01-21
JPS6053197B2 true JPS6053197B2 (en) 1985-11-25

Family

ID=13712045

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP53080211A Expired JPS6053197B2 (en) 1978-07-01 1978-07-01 Swash plate type compressor

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6053197B2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0318409U (en) * 1989-03-28 1991-02-22

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024014429A1 (en) * 2022-07-11 2024-01-18 古河電気工業株式会社 Copper alloy material for heat-radiating components, and heat-radiating component

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0318409U (en) * 1989-03-28 1991-02-22

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS557946A (en) 1980-01-21

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