JPS6030224B2 - Blood processing device with hollow fiber membrane bundle - Google Patents
Blood processing device with hollow fiber membrane bundleInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6030224B2 JPS6030224B2 JP16262580A JP16262580A JPS6030224B2 JP S6030224 B2 JPS6030224 B2 JP S6030224B2 JP 16262580 A JP16262580 A JP 16262580A JP 16262580 A JP16262580 A JP 16262580A JP S6030224 B2 JPS6030224 B2 JP S6030224B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- blood
- hollow fiber
- fiber membrane
- header
- processing device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は半透膜あるいは多孔腰を使用し、この壁膜を通
じて浸透、透析、限外炉週及びガス拡散等の原理を利用
して血液中の物質を移動させるように構成した血液処理
装置、特に該膜が中空糸状をなしたものを使用する、改
良された、中空糸膜東を有する血液処理装置に関するも
のである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention uses a semipermeable membrane or a porous membrane to move substances in the blood through the membrane by utilizing principles such as osmosis, dialysis, ultra-cooling, and gas diffusion. The present invention relates to a blood processing apparatus constructed as described above, particularly to an improved blood processing apparatus having a hollow fiber membrane, in which the membrane is in the form of a hollow fiber.
従来この種の血液処理装置は、賢不全患者、薬物中毒患
者等の血液から有害物を除去して血液の浄化を行なうた
めの人工腎臓装置あるいは酸素と炭酸ガスとを交換する
人工腕装置等として広く使用されている。本発明はこれ
らの血液処理装置に使用される改良された装置を提供す
るものである。Conventionally, this type of blood processing device has been used as an artificial kidney device to purify the blood by removing harmful substances from the blood of patients with intellectual disability, drug addiction patients, etc., or an artificial arm device to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. Widely used. The present invention provides an improved device for use in these blood processing devices.
このような血液処理装置は一般に円筒型のものが多い。Generally, many of such blood processing apparatuses are cylindrical.
従来型血液透析装置を例に、その構造を第１図に示す。
第１図中、１は血液を中空糸膜５の内部空間に導くよう
に、かつ外部と隔離する為に設けられた断面が円形の入
口側へッダーであり血液１０‘ま導入口２０より導入さ
れる。ｌａは中空糸膜の内部空間を通過してきた血液を
集合させ一定の大きさの管に排出口２０ａより排出する
ように、かつ外部と隔離する為に設けられた断面が円形
の出口側へッダーである。２はへッダーー又はｌａが外
筒３と分離しないように、また、ヘッダー内に導びかれ
た血液が外部に洩れずに中空糸腰５の内部空間に導びく
為にへッダー１又はｌａをパッキン１２を介して中空糸
膜群を固定する隔壁６に密着させる為に設けられた固定
キャップである。Taking a conventional hemodialysis device as an example, its structure is shown in FIG.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an inlet header with a circular cross section, which is provided to guide blood into the internal space of the hollow fiber membrane 5 and to isolate it from the outside. Blood 10' is introduced from the inlet 20. be done. la is an exit side header with a circular cross section that is provided to collect the blood that has passed through the internal space of the hollow fiber membrane and discharge it from the outlet 20a into a tube of a certain size, and to isolate it from the outside. It is. 2 is a header 1 or la to prevent the header or la from separating from the outer cylinder 3, and to guide the blood led into the header to the internal space of the hollow fiber waist 5 without leaking to the outside. This is a fixing cap provided to make the hollow fiber membrane group adhere to the partition wall 6 via the packing 12.
外筒３は好ましくは円筒形であってその内部が目視でき
るように透明で硬質の合成樹脂で作られ、その内部空間
９には数百乃至一方本程度の中空糸膜５が充填されてい
る。又この外筒３には、透析液の導入口４及び排出口４
ａが設けられている。中空糸膜５は、外筒３の内部空間
９に多数充填され、その両端は血液適合性に優れた隔壁
６で液密に固定され、しかも中空糸膜５の内部空間はへ
ッダーの内部空間８と運通している。又隔壁６は一般に
ポリウレタン樹脂が使用されているが、この隔壁６によ
ってへツダーの内部空間８は、外筒３の内部空間９と隔
離され、ヘッダーの内部空間８及び外筒３の内部空間９
は中空糸膜５の壁腰を介してのみ接触するようになって
いる。すなわち導入される血液１０はへッダー内空間８
を経由して中空糸膜の内部空間に入り、中空糸膜の壁膜
を介して血液中の有害物を外筒３の内部空間９に排出し
、清浄になった血液は出口側へッダーｌａの内部空間を
経由して体内にもどされ、逆に外筒３の内部空間９に排
出された有害物は導入管４より導入された透析液１１に
よって運ばれ排出管４ａを経由して外部へ取り出される
。しかしながら、このような従来の円筒タイプの血液処
理装置は次のような問題がある。The outer cylinder 3 is preferably cylindrical and made of a transparent, hard synthetic resin so that its interior can be seen visually, and its internal space 9 is filled with several hundred to one hollow fiber membrane 5. . The outer cylinder 3 also has a dialysate inlet 4 and an outlet 4.
A is provided. A large number of hollow fiber membranes 5 are filled in the internal space 9 of the outer cylinder 3, and both ends of the hollow fiber membranes 5 are fluid-tightly fixed by partition walls 6 having excellent blood compatibility, and the internal space of the hollow fiber membranes 5 is the same as the internal space of the header. It is carrying 8. The partition wall 6 is generally made of polyurethane resin, and the partition wall 6 separates the header's internal space 8 from the outer cylinder 3's internal space 9, and separates the header's internal space 8 and the external cylinder 3's internal space 9.
contact only through the wall of the hollow fiber membrane 5. In other words, the introduced blood 10 enters the header inner space 8.
The blood enters the internal space of the hollow fiber membrane through the wall membrane of the hollow fiber membrane, and harmful substances in the blood are discharged into the internal space 9 of the outer cylinder 3, and the purified blood flows to the outlet side header la. Harmful substances that are returned to the body via the internal space of the outer cylinder 3 and conversely discharged into the internal space 9 of the outer cylinder 3 are carried by the dialysate 11 introduced through the inlet pipe 4 and are discharged to the outside via the discharge pipe 4a. taken out. However, such conventional cylindrical blood processing apparatuses have the following problems.
すなわち第１図において、使用されるへッダー１の構造
上「ヘッダーの入口点Ａよりへッダ−の水平に曲がる点
Ｂ迄の距離が点Ｂより中空糸膜群の切断面７上の点Ｃ迄
の距離に比べて非常に長く、しかも中空糸膜群の切断面
７の上部空間に広がるへツダーの平坦部分の長さが相対
的に長い。その為に、血液が該へッダーに導入された際
、それ自身のもつ流速をほとんど分散しないままに先ず
中空糸膜群の切断面の中央部に衝突し、次いで当該中空
糸膜の内部空間の圧力（又は抵抗）や当該中空糸腰群を
固定する隔壁によって大部分の血液が外周部の中空糸膜
群へ分散される。従って血液の中空糸膜の内部空間を流
れる速度は、中央部は遠く、逆に外周部は遅くなる。そ
の結果、血液処理装置としての性能も低下すると共に、
血液処理後返血する際に、返血速度が中央部と外周部で
異なる為、外周部に近い中空糸膜の内部空間に残血現象
を引き起こす。特に長時間の血液処理を行なう場合、血
液速度の遅い中空糸膜の内部空間では凝血を起こし、血
液の流れが停止する部分も生じる。本発明は、係る事情
に鑑みてなされたものであって、その目的とするところ
は入口側へツダーの構造を改良し導入する血液が固定さ
れた中空糸膜群の切断面の全中空糸膜の内部空間に均一
に流れ込む構造にした血液処理装置を提供することであ
る。本発明は、「円形の断面を有する入口側へッダー及
び出口側へツダーにその両端が開□することにより、内
部が該へッダーに運通した状態にある中空糸膜東を有す
る血液処理装置において、入口側へッダーの上端におけ
る円周外部から内部の接線方向に向けて閉口した血液導
入口と、該導入口から入口側へッダーの内壁面に沿って
旋回しながら下降し中空糸膜東の切断面の外周部に達す
る血液誘導路を設け、かつ該中空糸膜東切断面に相向か
い合う入口側へツダーの内部壁が中空糸膜東切断面に向
かって円錐状に突出していることを特徴とする血液処理
用装置」をその要旨とするものである。In other words, in FIG. 1, due to the structure of the header 1 used, "the distance from the entrance point A of the header to the horizontal bending point B of the header is from point B to a point on the cut surface 7 of the hollow fiber membrane group. It is very long compared to the distance up to C, and the length of the flat part of the header that spreads in the space above the cut surface 7 of the hollow fiber membrane group is relatively long.Therefore, blood is introduced into the header. When the flow velocity of the hollow fiber membrane is not dispersed, it first collides with the center of the cut surface of the hollow fiber membrane group, and then the pressure (or resistance) in the internal space of the hollow fiber membrane and the hollow fiber waist group Most of the blood is dispersed to the hollow fiber membrane group at the outer periphery by the partition wall that fixes the membrane.Therefore, the speed at which blood flows through the inner space of the hollow fiber membrane is farther in the center and slower at the outer periphery. As a result, the performance as a blood processing device deteriorates, and
When blood is returned after blood processing, the rate of blood return differs between the center and the outer periphery, which causes residual blood in the internal space of the hollow fiber membrane near the outer periphery. Particularly when blood treatment is performed for a long period of time, blood clots occur in the internal space of the hollow fiber membrane where the blood velocity is slow, and there are parts where the blood flow stops. The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to improve the structure of the tube to the inlet side, and to introduce all the hollow fiber membranes on the cut surface of the hollow fiber membrane group on which blood is fixed. An object of the present invention is to provide a blood processing device having a structure in which blood flows uniformly into the internal space of the blood processing device. The present invention provides a blood processing device having a header on the inlet side having a circular cross section and a hollow fiber membrane east whose inside is communicated to the header by opening both ends of the header to the outlet side. , a blood inlet at the upper end of the inlet side header that closes from the outside of the circumference toward the inside in a tangential direction, and a blood inlet that descends from the inlet while rotating along the inner wall surface of the inlet side header to the east of the hollow fiber membrane. A blood guide path reaching the outer periphery of the cut surface is provided, and the inner wall of the tube protrudes conically toward the inlet side facing the east cut surface of the hollow fiber membrane toward the east cut surface of the hollow fiber membrane. Its gist is ``a blood processing device for blood processing.''
本発明によれば、入口側へッダーの断面が円形になって
いる部分の接線方向から血液が流入し、中空糸膜東の切
断面の上方空間の外周部よりらせん状に旋回しながら中
空糸膜東の切断面上に接し、それに沿いらせん状に回り
つつ、固定された中空糸膜の切断面上、すなわち中空糸
膜内部へ導入される。According to the present invention, blood flows in from the tangential direction of the section of the inlet header having a circular cross section, and the blood flows into the hollow fibers while spirally swirling from the outer periphery of the space above the cut surface on the east side of the hollow fiber membrane. It is introduced onto the cut surface of the fixed hollow fiber membrane, that is, into the inside of the hollow fiber membrane, while contacting the cut surface on the east side of the membrane and spiraling along it.
その際中空糸膜東の切断面と、それに相向かい合う入口
側のへッダーの内部壁との距離が中央部で周囲より小さ
くなっているため血液圧は各中空糸膜切断面上に均一に
加わるので、血液は一様に中空糸膜内部へ導入される。
又、返血側、すなわち出口側へツダーの血液排出口も入
口側へッダーと同様に、その円形断面部分の接線方向に
設けることは何ら差支えない。At this time, the distance between the cut surface of the east hollow fiber membrane and the inner wall of the header on the inlet side facing it is smaller in the center than the surrounding area, so blood pressure is applied uniformly to the cut surface of each hollow fiber membrane. Therefore, blood is uniformly introduced into the hollow fiber membrane.
Moreover, the blood discharge port of the blood return side, ie, the outlet side, may be provided in the tangential direction of the circular cross-sectional portion of the header in the same way as the inlet side header.
かかる構造の血液処理装置は長さ方向の寸法を小とする
ことができるので、コンパクトになる長所をも有する。
次に本発明の血液処理装置を図面をもとに詳述する。Since the blood processing device having such a structure can be made small in length, it also has the advantage of being compact.
Next, the blood processing apparatus of the present invention will be explained in detail based on the drawings.
第２図は本発明の血液処理装暦の具体例の１つであり、
図中共通のものは第１図と同一番号が付されている。FIG. 2 shows one specific example of the blood processing calendar of the present invention.
Components common to the figures are given the same numbers as in FIG. 1.
第２図は、ヘッダー部分を中心とした構造に特徴がある
。Figure 2 is characterized by its structure centered around the header section.
すなわち第１図に示す従来型のへッダーでは、Ａ〜Ｂ間
がＢ〜Ｃ間に比べて非常に長く、しかも中空糸膜群の切
断面７の上部空間に広がるへッダーの平坦な部分の長さ
が相対的に長い為に、導入された血液１０Ｇま、導入さ
れる時にもつ流速を分散しないまま固定された中空糸膜
群の切断面７のほぼ中央に衝突し、その後外周部へ分散
されるのに対し、本発明のへッダーでは血液導入口２０
より導入された血液流はへッダー上端の内壁面に沿って
らせん状に設けられた血液誘導路２１にそって旋回しな
がら下降し、中空糸膜東の切断面７の外周部に達し、次
いで中心に向かうらせん流となって該切断面から各中空
糸膜内部に導入される。従って、従来型のへッダ−を用
いた血液処理装置では、中空糸膜群の中央部の中空糸膜
の内部空間の血液速度は遠く、逆に外周部の中空糸膜の
内部空間の血液速度は遅くなるし、その相対速度も大き
い。しかし本発明の血液処理装置の場合中空糸膜群の切
断面に於いて相対的に広い面積を占める外周部に対して
らせん状に血液が導びかれる為に外周部と内周部の中空
糸膜群の内部空間への血液導入速度にほとんど差を生じ
ない。第３図及び第４図は導入血液の流れを説明するた
めのものである。第３図は第２図の１−１矢視の断面図
であり、血液流は矢印のごとく、Ｄの点より導入され、
血液誘導路２１にＥより入り、円周に沿ってらせん状に
旋回して一部は次々と中空糸膜東の切断面上に外周方向
から達し、他はＦ点を通る流れとして切断面外周部に達
する。第４図にこのらせん流の上下方向の動きが明らか
になされている。In other words, in the conventional header shown in FIG. 1, the distance between A and B is much longer than that between B and C, and the flat part of the header that extends into the space above the cut surface 7 of the hollow fiber membrane group. Due to its relatively long length, 10G of introduced blood collides with approximately the center of the cut surface 7 of the fixed hollow fiber membrane group without dispersing the flow velocity at the time of introduction, and then disperses to the outer periphery. In contrast, in the header of the present invention, the blood inlet 20
The blood flow introduced further descends while swirling along the blood guiding path 21 provided in a spiral along the inner wall surface of the upper end of the header, reaches the outer periphery of the cut surface 7 on the east side of the hollow fiber membrane, and then descends. The flow becomes a spiral flow toward the center and is introduced into each hollow fiber membrane from the cut surface. Therefore, in a blood processing device using a conventional header, the velocity of blood in the inner space of the hollow fiber membrane in the center of the hollow fiber membrane group is far, and conversely, the velocity of blood in the inner space of the hollow fiber membrane in the outer periphery is far. The speed will be slow and the relative speed will be large. However, in the case of the blood processing device of the present invention, since the blood is guided in a spiral to the outer circumferential part which occupies a relatively large area at the cut surface of the hollow fiber membrane group, the hollow fibers in the outer circumferential part and the inner circumferential part There is almost no difference in the speed of blood introduction into the internal space of the membrane group. FIGS. 3 and 4 are for explaining the flow of introduced blood. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along arrow 1-1 in FIG. 2, and the blood flow is introduced from point D as shown by the arrow.
It enters the blood guide path 21 from E, turns spirally along the circumference, and some of the parts reach the cut surface of the east hollow fiber membrane from the outer circumferential direction one after another, while the others flow through point F and flow around the outer circumference of the cut surface. reach the department. FIG. 4 clearly shows the vertical movement of this spiral flow.
次に実施例により本発明のへッダーを有した中空糸膜東
よりなる血液処理装置（以下改良型と略す）と従来型の
へッダーを有した中空糸膜東よりなる血液処理装置（以
下比較例と略す）とに於ける性能の比較を行う。Next, according to an example, a blood processing device consisting of a hollow fiber membrane east having a header of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as improved type) and a blood processing device consisting of a hollow fiber membrane east having a conventional header (hereinafter referred to as a comparison) We will compare the performance in (abbreviated as example).
実施例
比較例及び改良型のそれぞれの血液処理装置（内径５０
０仏のポリアクリロニトリル中空糸膜を使用、中空糸膜
本数９６０本、中空糸膜有効膜面積０．１７め、中空糸
膜充填率５０％）に牛新鮮血（ヘマトクリット値３８％
、全タンパク質濃度９．６夕／ｄ夕）を膜差圧（Ｔｒａ
ｎｓＭｅｍｂｒａｎｅＰｒｅｓｓｍｅ）２５側Ｈｇ、装
置出入口差圧△Ｐ８＝２５柳Ｈｇのもとで導入し、３時
間後の血液通過量、限外炉過量及び返皿後の残皿本数に
ついて測定した結果を表−１に示す。Each blood processing device of Example Comparative Example and improved type (inner diameter 50
0 French polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber membrane, number of hollow fiber membranes 960, hollow fiber membrane effective membrane area 0.17, hollow fiber membrane filling rate 50%) and fresh bovine blood (hematocrit value 38%)
, total protein concentration 9.6 t/d t) and transmembrane pressure difference (Tra
nsMembranePressme) 25 Hg on the side, differential pressure at the entrance and exit of the device ΔP8 = 25 Yanagi Hg, and the blood passing amount after 3 hours, the ultrafurnace excess amount, and the number of plates remaining after returning the plates were measured. Shown in 1.
表−１
以上のように本発明の改良型の血液処理装置では、比較
例の血液処理装置に比較して血液通過量、限外炉過量は
共に多く又残血本数は極度に少ない。Table 1 As described above, in the improved blood processing apparatus of the present invention, both the amount of blood passing through and the excess amount of blood in the ultrafurnace are large, and the number of blood remaining is extremely small, compared to the blood processing apparatus of the comparative example.
さらに観察の結果本発明の血液処理装置では、ヘッダ−
より導入された血液は、ほぼ均一に中空糸膜東中の全中
空糸膜の内部空間に導入されている事を確認した。従っ
て本発明の血液処理装置は、装着型人工腎臓のような長
時間使用の場合や、血液量の少ない血液処理の際には大
きな効果が期待される。Furthermore, as a result of observation, in the blood processing apparatus of the present invention, the header
It was confirmed that the introduced blood was almost uniformly introduced into the inner space of all the hollow fiber membranes in the hollow fiber membrane east and center. Therefore, the blood processing apparatus of the present invention is expected to be highly effective when used for long periods of time, such as with a wearable artificial kidney, or when processing blood with a small amount of blood.
第１図は従来の円筒形血液処理装置であり、第２図は本
発明の血液処理装置である。
第３図は第２図の１−１矢印の部分断面図であり、第４
図は同様に第２図の部分断面図である。１，ｌａ・・・
入口側及び出口側へッダ−、２・・・キャップ、３・・
・外筒、４，４ａ・・・透析液導入口及び排出口、５・
・・中空糸膿、２１・・・血液誘導路。
第１図第２図
第３図
第４図FIG. 1 shows a conventional cylindrical blood processing device, and FIG. 2 shows a blood processing device of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view taken along the arrow 1-1 in FIG.
The figure is also a partial sectional view of FIG. 2. 1, la...
Inlet side and outlet side header, 2... Cap, 3...
・Outer cylinder, 4, 4a...dialysate inlet and outlet, 5・
...Hollow fiber pus, 21...Blood guiding tract. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4
Claims (1)
ダーにその両端が開口することにより、内部が該ヘツダ
ーに連通した状態にある中空糸膜束を有する血液処理装
置において、入口側ヘツダーの上端における円周外部か
ら内部の接線方向に向けて開口した血液導入口と、該導
入口から入口側ヘツダーの内壁面に沿つて旋回しながら
下降し、中空糸膜束の切断面の外周部に達する血液誘導
路を設け、かつ該中空糸膜束切断面に相向かい合う入口
側ヘツダーの内部壁が中空糸膜束切断面に向かつて円錐
状に突出していることを特徴とする血液処理用装置。1. In a blood processing device having a hollow fiber membrane bundle whose internal parts are connected to an inlet header and an outlet header each having a circular cross section by opening both ends thereof, a circle at the upper end of the inlet header is provided. A blood inlet opening from the circumferential outside toward the inside in a tangential direction, and a blood guide that descends from the inlet while rotating along the inner wall surface of the inlet side header and reaches the outer peripheral part of the cut surface of the hollow fiber membrane bundle. 1. A blood processing device characterized in that an inner wall of an inlet side header opposite to the cut surface of the hollow fiber membrane bundle protrudes in a conical shape toward the cut surface of the hollow fiber membrane bundle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16262580A JPS6030224B2 (en) | 1980-11-20 | 1980-11-20 | Blood processing device with hollow fiber membrane bundle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16262580A JPS6030224B2 (en) | 1980-11-20 | 1980-11-20 | Blood processing device with hollow fiber membrane bundle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5786361A JPS5786361A (en) | 1982-05-29 |
| JPS6030224B2 true JPS6030224B2 (en) | 1985-07-15 |
Family
ID=15758160
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16262580A Expired JPS6030224B2 (en) | 1980-11-20 | 1980-11-20 | Blood processing device with hollow fiber membrane bundle |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6030224B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62101258A (en) * | 1985-10-28 | 1987-05-11 | 株式会社クラレ | Blood treatment apparatus having improved blood port |
| JP2811455B2 (en) * | 1989-01-06 | 1998-10-15 | テルモ株式会社 | Hollow fiber type blood processing device |
| JPH0614965B2 (en) * | 1989-01-10 | 1994-03-02 | テルモ株式会社 | Oxygenator |
| JP2001071353A (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2001-03-21 | Tokuyama Sekisui Ind Corp | Method for injection-molding filter housing for blood circuit |
| JP2005219023A (en) * | 2004-02-09 | 2005-08-18 | Nitto Denko Corp | Vessel for spiral type membrane element |
| JP2011167668A (en) * | 2010-02-22 | 2011-09-01 | Hitachi Plant Technologies Ltd | Water treatment apparatus |
| JP5877145B2 (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2016-03-02 | 川澄化学工業株式会社 | Body fluid port and body fluid treatment device |
-
1980
- 1980-11-20 JP JP16262580A patent/JPS6030224B2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5786361A (en) | 1982-05-29 |
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