JPS6026968A - Copying apparatus - Google Patents

Copying apparatus

Info

Publication number
JPS6026968A
JPS6026968A JP58134857A JP13485783A JPS6026968A JP S6026968 A JPS6026968 A JP S6026968A JP 58134857 A JP58134857 A JP 58134857A JP 13485783 A JP13485783 A JP 13485783A JP S6026968 A JPS6026968 A JP S6026968A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
roller
fixing
paper
sheets
sheet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP58134857A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0332792B2 (en
Inventor
Eiji Hitosugi
一杉 栄治
Takashi Sato
隆 佐藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
I D KK
Casio Computer Co Ltd
Original Assignee
I D KK
Casio Computer Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by I D KK, Casio Computer Co Ltd filed Critical I D KK
Priority to JP58134857A priority Critical patent/JPS6026968A/en
Publication of JPS6026968A publication Critical patent/JPS6026968A/en
Publication of JPH0332792B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0332792B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/65Apparatus which relate to the handling of copy material
    • G03G15/6502Supplying of sheet copy material; Cassettes therefor

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Paper Feeding For Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent paper sheets from humidity and to lower cost by using the fixing roller of a fixing device for fixing a toner image transferred to said sheets with a heat fixing roller, also as a paper feed roller for feeding the sheets into a copying apparatus. CONSTITUTION:The electrostatic latent image of an original formed on a photosensitive drum 8 is transferred to a dielectric belt 18 located opposite to the drum 8 by cooperation of a transfer roller 17. The latent image transferred to the belt 18 is developed with a developing device 3. A sheet 1a is conveyed between a heater roller 22 and a backup roller 16, and the toner image on the belt 18 is heat pressed and simultaneously transferred and fixed to the sheet 1a. It is ejected with a paper ejection roller 20 to a paper ejection tray 21. The backup roller 16 is used for 2 functions as a feed roller for feeding the sheet 1a out of a cassette 1 and as a pressure roller for transferring and fixing the toner image by this structure, and heat for fixing can also be used for dehumidifying the sheets, thus permitting prevention of the sheets from humidity and reduction of cost.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔発明の技術分野〕 本発明は複写装置等の熱定着装置に係り、特に定着装置
に用いる熱定着1コールを給紙ロールに兼用した複写装
置に関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a heat fixing device such as a copying device, and more particularly to a copying device in which a single call of heat fixing used in the fixing device is also used as a paper feed roll.

〔従来技術〕[Prior art]

従来から複写装置内に給紙する紙葉は複写装置の設置さ
れる室内の湿度に大きく依存し、吸湿状態では複写品質
を著しく悪化させる弊害を有する。
Conventionally, the paper sheets fed into a copying apparatus are largely dependent on the humidity of the room in which the copying apparatus is installed, and when they absorb moisture, they have the disadvantage of significantly deteriorating copy quality.

この様な弊害を除去するために従来から第1図に示す様
に除湿用ヒータを給紙ライン下に配設した複写装置が知
られている。
In order to eliminate such problems, a copying apparatus has been known in which a dehumidifying heater is disposed below the paper feed line as shown in FIG.

第1図は従来の除湿用ヒータを設&Jた複写装置の路線
的要部側面図であり、複写装置の略中央部に感光ドラム
8を回動自在に配設すると共に、該感光ドラム8に対向
させて該感光ドラム8の表面を一様帯電させるための帯
電器10を配設する。
FIG. 1 is a side view of the main parts of a conventional copying machine equipped with a dehumidifying heater. A charger 10 for uniformly charging the surface of the photosensitive drum 8 is disposed to face the photosensitive drum 8.

該帯電器10は上記感光ドラム8の表面に、光学系9を
介して投影される原稿台12上の原稿のパターンに対応
した静電潜像を形成するために必要とされる。
The charger 10 is required to form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photosensitive drum 8 corresponding to the pattern of the document on the document table 12 projected through the optical system 9.

更に上記感光ドラム8の表面に形成した静電潜像を可視
像にする現像器3.上記感光ドラム上の可視像を紙葉1
aに転写する転写電極45紙葉1aを感光ドラム8から
分離する分離電極5.該分離電極5より分離された紙葉
1aを熱定着する定着ロール7方向に搬送する+U送ベ
ルト6、感光ドラム8に付着したトナーを清掃するクリ
ーナ装置11等が上記感光ドラム8を囲繞する様に配設
される。一方力セット1に積層した紙葉1aを上記感光
トラム8と転写電極4間に給送する手段として給紙ロー
ラ2と案内板14が設けられているが。
Furthermore, a developing device 3. converts the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 8 into a visible image. The visible image on the photosensitive drum is
a transfer electrode 45 for transferring the paper sheet 1a to the photosensitive drum 8; a separation electrode 5 for separating the paper sheet 1a from the photosensitive drum 8; The photosensitive drum 8 is surrounded by a +U conveying belt 6 that conveys the sheet 1a separated by the separation electrode 5 toward the fixing roll 7 for thermal fixing, a cleaner device 11 that cleans the toner adhering to the photosensitive drum 8, and the like. will be placed in On the other hand, a paper feed roller 2 and a guide plate 14 are provided as means for feeding the paper sheets 1a stacked on the force set 1 between the photosensitive tram 8 and the transfer electrode 4.

転写電極4のコロナ放電によって感光ドラム8上の顕像
を紙葉1aに転写する場合には紙葉1aの吸湿度合が転
写画質に大きく影響するので、カセット1等の紙葉収納
部から転写電極4間近傍に。
When the developed image on the photosensitive drum 8 is transferred to the paper sheet 1a by the corona discharge of the transfer electrode 4, the moisture absorption level of the paper sheet 1a greatly affects the transferred image quality. Near 4 minutes.

第1図に於いては案内板14の下端に除湿ヒータ13を
配設して画像が転写されるべき紙葉を予め加熱する防湿
対策を施している。
In FIG. 1, a dehumidifying heater 13 is disposed at the lower end of the guide plate 14 to take a moisture-proofing measure by preheating the sheet onto which the image is to be transferred.

〔従来技術の問題点〕[Problems with conventional technology]

叙」二の構成によるときは、複写装置にセットされたカ
セット1内の紙葉1aも加熱されるため。
In the case of the configuration described in Section 2, the paper sheets 1a in the cassette 1 set in the copying machine are also heated.

ある程度除湿効果を発揮するが、複写装置本体にセット
されていない他のサイズのカセットが高湿度下に放置さ
れていたとすると、このカセソI〜を本体に差し換えた
場合には除湿し−タ13の容量を大幅にアンプしなけれ
ば差し換えたカセット内の紙葉1aを完全に除湿するこ
とが出来ない。一般に熱定着型の複写装置では使用電源
容量の関係で除湿ヒータ容量を大幅に高くすることは困
難であるだけでなく高容量のヒータを用いても効率よ3
− く除湿することが難しい欠点があった。
Although it exhibits a dehumidifying effect to some extent, if cassettes of other sizes that are not set in the main body of the copying machine have been left under high humidity, if this cassette I~ is replaced with the main body, the dehumidifier 13 will Unless the capacity is greatly increased, the paper sheets 1a in the replaced cassette cannot be completely dehumidified. In general, in thermal fixing type copying machines, it is difficult to significantly increase the dehumidifying heater capacity due to the power supply capacity used, and even if a high capacity heater is used, it is not efficient.
− It had the disadvantage that it was difficult to dehumidify it.

〔発明の目的〕[Purpose of the invention]

本発明は上記欠点に鑑メなされたものでその目的とする
ところは特別の除湿ヒータを用いることなく定着用のロ
ールに内蔵されたヒータを用いて除湿を行うと共に定着
ロールと給紙ロールを兼用すせることで部品点数を減少
させる様にした複写装置を提供することにある。
The present invention was made in view of the above drawbacks, and its purpose is to dehumidify the fuser roll using a heater built into the fixing roll without using a special dehumidifying heater, and to also serve as both the fixing roll and paper feed roll. It is an object of the present invention to provide a copying apparatus which reduces the number of parts by reducing the number of parts.

〔発明の要点〕[Key points of the invention]

そして本発明は上記目的を達成するために、熱定着ロー
ルを用いて紙葉類に転写されたトナー像を定着させる様
にした定着装置に於いて、上記熱定着ロールを上記紙葉
類を上記複写装置内に給紙するための給紙ロールに兼用
してなることを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fixing device that uses a heat fixing roll to fix a toner image transferred to a paper sheet. It is characterized in that it also serves as a paper feed roll for feeding paper into a copying machine.

〔発明の実施例〕[Embodiments of the invention]

以下2本発明の一実施例を第2図及び第3図について詳
記する。
Two embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

第2図は複写装置の路線的要部側面図、第3図は第2図
の給紙部の拡大側面図である。
FIG. 2 is a side view of the main parts of the copying apparatus, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view of the paper feed section shown in FIG.

 4− 尚、第1図と同一部分には同一符号を付して重複説明を
省略するも5第2図に示す複写装置では静電転写及び圧
熱転写定着方式を用いたものであり、原稿台12上に載
置された原稿のパターンは光学系9を介して感光ドラム
8上に静電潜像として形成される。感光ドラム8上に形
成された上記静電潜像を上記感光ドラム8と対向配置さ
れた誘電ベル118上に転写ローラ17との共動により
転写する。上記誘電ベルl−18ば案内ローラ24゜ヒ
ータローラ22.案内ローラ24.転写ローラ17の外
周を囲繞するエンドレスベルトであり。
4- The same parts as in Fig. 1 are given the same reference numerals and redundant explanations are omitted.5 The copying machine shown in Fig. 2 uses electrostatic transfer and pressure-thermal transfer fixing methods, The pattern of the document placed on the photosensitive drum 8 is formed as an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum 8 via the optical system 9. The electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive drum 8 is transferred onto a dielectric bell 118 disposed facing the photosensitive drum 8 in cooperation with the transfer roller 17 . The above-mentioned dielectric bell l-18, guide roller 24°, heater roller 22. Guide roller 24. It is an endless belt that surrounds the outer periphery of the transfer roller 17.

これらのローラにより回転駆動される。上記誘電ヘルド
18上に転写された潜像は現像器3によって顕像化され
る。ヒータローラ22とハックアップローラ16間には
紙葉1aが搬送されて誘電ベルト上のトナー像は紙葉1
a上に同時圧熱転写・定着される。一方力セント1内に
収納された紙葉1aは給紙時に給紙レバー15によって
上方に偏倚されカセット1内に積層した最上部の紙葉1
aはバックアップローラ16に接触するようになっ5− ている。
It is rotationally driven by these rollers. The latent image transferred onto the dielectric heald 18 is visualized by the developing device 3. A sheet of paper 1a is conveyed between the heater roller 22 and the hack-up roller 16, and the toner image on the dielectric belt is
Simultaneous pressure and heat transfer and fixation are performed on a. On the other hand, the paper sheet 1a stored in the paper cassette 1 is biased upward by the paper feed lever 15 during paper feeding, and the uppermost paper sheet 1 stacked in the cassette 1 is
a is adapted to come into contact with the backup roller 16.

複写開始の指令信号によってハックアップローラ16が
回転を開始して紙葉1aはカセットlがら第3図に示す
様に案内板25.25間−待機ローラ27,27間→案
内板26.26間を通って誘電ベル118に沿ってヒー
タローラ22とバンクアップローラ16間に給送される
。勿論この状態ではカセット1から紙葉1aが連続的に
給送されない様に構成されている。すなわち、カセット
1に収納した最上部の紙葉1aがバックアップローラ1
6を離脱する前に給紙レバー15により令名上方に偏倚
されていたカセット1内の紙葉1aはその偏倚力が解除
されてバックアップローラ16と最上部の紙葉1aとの
接触が断たれるようになっている。依ってバックアップ
ローラ16が給紙以外の目的で回転していても複写指令
信号がない限りカセット1内の紙葉1aは案内板25.
25方向に連続的に給紙されることはない。
The hack-up roller 16 starts rotating in response to a command signal to start copying, and the paper sheet 1a is moved from the cassette l to between the guide plates 25 and 25, between the standby rollers 27 and 27, and then between the guide plates 26 and 26, as shown in FIG. is fed between the heater roller 22 and the bank up roller 16 along the dielectric bell 118. Of course, in this state, the paper sheets 1a are not continuously fed from the cassette 1. That is, the uppermost paper sheet 1a stored in the cassette 1 is transferred to the backup roller 1.
The paper sheet 1a in the cassette 1, which had been biased upward by the paper feed lever 15 before leaving the cassette 6, has its biasing force released and the contact between the backup roller 16 and the uppermost sheet 1a is broken. It is now possible to Therefore, even if the backup roller 16 is rotating for a purpose other than feeding paper, the paper sheets 1a in the cassette 1 will be moved by the guide plate 25 as long as there is no copy command signal.
Paper is not fed continuously in 25 directions.

上記バックアップローラ16とヒータローラ22で圧熱
転写定着された紙葉1aは排紙ローラ6− 20により排紙[レー21−・排出される。
The paper sheet 1a that has been pressure-thermal transfer-fixed by the backup roller 16 and the heater roller 22 is discharged by the paper discharge roller 6-20.

尚、第2図で19は感光ドラムの電荷を除電する除電電
極である。
Incidentally, in FIG. 2, reference numeral 19 denotes a static elimination electrode that eliminates the electric charge on the photosensitive drum.

」二記実施例に於いては誘電ヘル1−18を用いて静電
転写及び圧熱転写定着を行なう方式の複写装置について
述べたが第4図に示す様に通常のカールソン法による複
写装置に本発明を通用することも可能である。
In the second embodiment, a copying machine using a dielectric hel 1-18 for electrostatic transfer and pressure transfer fixing was described, but as shown in Fig. It is also possible to apply the invention.

すなわら第4図に於いてカセノ1−1から給紙された紙
葉1.lIを案内Fj、25.25間−待機ローラ27
.27間−案内板26.26間を通して転写部へ給送し
、感光ドラム8の外周に現像された顕像を転写電極4で
紙葉1aに転写させた後に、案内板28.28間を通じ
てヒータローラ22とバックアップローラ16間に給送
して加圧加熱して定着を行ない、その後に排紙トレー2
1に紙葉1aを排出する様にしてもよい。
In other words, in FIG. 4, the sheet 1 fed from the case 1-1. Guide lI Fj, between 25.25 - standby roller 27
.. 27 and the guide plate 26. After the image developed on the outer periphery of the photosensitive drum 8 is transferred onto the paper sheet 1a by the transfer electrode 4, the paper sheet 1a is fed to the transfer section through the guide plate 28. 22 and the backup roller 16, the paper is heated under pressure and fixed, and then the paper is transferred to the discharge tray 2.
The paper sheet 1a may be discharged at the same time as the paper sheet 1a.

本発明ば斜上の如く構成させたのでハックアップ1コー
ラ16はカセット1内の紙葉1aの給紙並びに1−ナー
像の転写定着のためのプレッシャローラとしての二つの
機能を兼用させることが出来る。
According to the present invention, since the hack-up 1 cola 16 is configured in a diagonal manner, it can serve two functions: as a pressure roller for feeding the sheet 1a in the cassette 1 and for transferring and fixing the 1-ner image. I can do it.

更に第3図の場合ハックアップlコーラ16は通常、誘
電ヘルド18を介して、また第4図の場合は直接ヒータ
ローラ22に接しているので加熱状態とされており、給
紙時に給紙ローラとして利用する際には紙葉1aの乾燥
、除湿に役立てることが出来る。該バックアップローラ
16はシリコンゴムの様な材質を選択することで高温に
耐え得る構成となり、同時に良好な給紙も可能となる。
Furthermore, in the case of FIG. 3, the hack-up l cola 16 is normally in a heated state through the dielectric heald 18, and in the case of FIG. When used, it can be used to dry and dehumidify the paper sheet 1a. By selecting a material such as silicone rubber for the backup roller 16, it can be constructed to withstand high temperatures, and at the same time, it is possible to provide good paper feeding.

また、バックアップローラ16は転写定着時以外誘電ヘ
ルド1Bへの圧接またはヒータローラ22への圧接を解
除する離接手段を設げて温度制御を行う様にすればより
安定したコピーが得られる。更に上記実施例では、転写
定着時に誘電ベルト18上またはヒータローラ22上に
トナーが残ったとしてしても、その残った微量なトナー
はハックアップローラ16を介して紙葉1aの裏側に付
着するので紙葉1aの転写面を汚すことがなく、また紙
葉1aば定着工程に入る前に常に大容量の定着ヒータロ
ーラ22から供給される熱により予熱されているので熱
定着性が著しく向−1−する等の効果をイjする。
Further, more stable copies can be obtained by controlling the temperature of the backup roller 16 by providing a separation means for releasing the pressure contact with the dielectric heald 1B or the heater roller 22 except during transfer and fixing. Furthermore, in the embodiment described above, even if toner remains on the dielectric belt 18 or the heater roller 22 during transfer and fixing, a small amount of the remaining toner adheres to the back side of the paper sheet 1a via the hack-up roller 16. The transfer surface of the sheet 1a is not contaminated, and the sheet 1a is always preheated by heat supplied from the large-capacity fixing heater roller 22 before entering the fixing process, so thermal fixing properties are significantly improved. Effects such as doing.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

以上、詳細に説明したように2本発明の複写装置によれ
ば、定着ロールと給紙ロールを兼用さ−U−だので定着
用の熱を紙葉の除湿にも用いる事ができ3紙葉の吸湿に
よる画質の低下を防止できる。
As described above in detail, according to the copying apparatus of the present invention, the fixing roll and the paper feed roll are also used as -U-, so the heat for fixing can also be used to dehumidify the paper sheets. It is possible to prevent deterioration of image quality due to moisture absorption.

また上記部品を兼用する事によるコストの低減を図れる
など効果は大きい。
Further, by using the above-mentioned parts, it is possible to reduce costs, which has a great effect.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は従来の複写装置の路線的要部側面図。 第2図は本発明の複写装置の路線的要部側面図。 第3図は第2図の定着用ヒータローラとハックアップロ
ーラ近傍の拡大路線図、第4図は本発明の他の実施例の
第3図と同様の拡大路線図である。 1・・・カセット、 2・・・給紙ローラ。 3・・・現像器、 4・・・転写電極。 5・・・分離電極、 6・・・fill送ヘルド。 7・・・定着ロール、 8・・・感光トラム。 9・・・光学系、 10・・・帯電器。 =9− 11・・・クリーナ装置、 12・・・原稿台、 13
・・・除湿ヒータ、 14゜25.26.28・・・案
内板、 15・・、Ilレバー、 16・・・バックア
ップローラ、 17・・・転写ローラ、18 ・・・誘電ヘルド、 19・・・除電電極。 20・・・排紙ローラ、 21・・・排紙トレー、 2
2・・・ヒータローラ。 23・・・現像用ローラ、 24・・・案内ローラ、 
27・・・待機ローラ 特許出願人 カシオ計算機株式会社 同 上 アイ・ディ株式会社 代理人弁理士 大 菅 義 之 −10= 第1図 第2図 第3図 第4図
FIG. 1 is a side view of the main parts of a conventional copying machine. FIG. 2 is a side view of the principal parts of the copying apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 3 is an enlarged route map of the vicinity of the fixing heater roller and hack-up roller in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged route map similar to FIG. 3 of another embodiment of the present invention. 1...Cassette, 2...Paper feed roller. 3...Developer, 4...Transfer electrode. 5... Separation electrode, 6... fill feeding heald. 7... Fixing roll, 8... Photosensitive tram. 9... Optical system, 10... Charger. =9- 11... Cleaner device, 12... Document table, 13
...Dehumidifying heater, 14゜25.26.28...Guide plate, 15..., Il lever, 16...Backup roller, 17...Transfer roller, 18...Dielectric heald, 19...・Static elimination electrode. 20... paper ejection roller, 21... paper ejection tray, 2
2... Heater roller. 23...Developing roller, 24...Guiding roller,
27...Standby roller patent applicant Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Same as above Yoshiyuki Osuga, agent patent attorney for I.D. Co., Ltd. -10= Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1) 熱定着ロールを用いて紙葉類に転写されたトナ
ー像を定着させる様にした定着装置に於いて、上記熱定
着ロールを上記紙葉類を上記複写装置内に給紙するため
の給紙ロールに兼用してなることを特徴とする複写装置
(1) In a fixing device that uses a heat fixing roll to fix toner images transferred to paper sheets, the heat fixing roll is used to feed the paper sheets into the copying device. A copying device characterized in that it also serves as a paper feed roll.
JP58134857A 1983-07-23 1983-07-23 Copying apparatus Granted JPS6026968A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58134857A JPS6026968A (en) 1983-07-23 1983-07-23 Copying apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58134857A JPS6026968A (en) 1983-07-23 1983-07-23 Copying apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6026968A true JPS6026968A (en) 1985-02-09
JPH0332792B2 JPH0332792B2 (en) 1991-05-14

Family

ID=15138087

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP58134857A Granted JPS6026968A (en) 1983-07-23 1983-07-23 Copying apparatus

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6026968A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01299486A (en) * 1988-05-26 1989-12-04 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Apparatus for detecting body for vehicle
JP2008247240A (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-16 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd Steering device

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54107739A (en) * 1978-02-10 1979-08-23 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Electrophotographic apparatus
JPS55164868A (en) * 1979-06-08 1980-12-22 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Image recorder into plastic cards

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54107739A (en) * 1978-02-10 1979-08-23 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Electrophotographic apparatus
JPS55164868A (en) * 1979-06-08 1980-12-22 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Image recorder into plastic cards

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01299486A (en) * 1988-05-26 1989-12-04 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Apparatus for detecting body for vehicle
JP2008247240A (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-16 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd Steering device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0332792B2 (en) 1991-05-14

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