JPS60259572A - 4-wheel steering apparatus for automobile - Google Patents

4-wheel steering apparatus for automobile

Info

Publication number
JPS60259572A
JPS60259572A JP11610784A JP11610784A JPS60259572A JP S60259572 A JPS60259572 A JP S60259572A JP 11610784 A JP11610784 A JP 11610784A JP 11610784 A JP11610784 A JP 11610784A JP S60259572 A JPS60259572 A JP S60259572A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
steering
wheel steering
vehicle
angle
ratio
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP11610784A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH05273B2 (en
Inventor
Shigeki Furuya
古谷 茂樹
Hirotaka Kanazawa
金澤 啓隆
Teruhiko Takatani
高谷 輝彦
Touji Masumoto
升本 透治
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mazda Motor Corp
Original Assignee
Mazda Motor Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mazda Motor Corp filed Critical Mazda Motor Corp
Priority to JP11610784A priority Critical patent/JPS60259572A/en
Publication of JPS60259572A publication Critical patent/JPS60259572A/en
Publication of JPH05273B2 publication Critical patent/JPH05273B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D7/00Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
    • B62D7/06Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins
    • B62D7/14Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering
    • B62D7/15Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering characterised by means varying the ratio between the steering angles of the steered wheels

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Steering-Linkage Mechanisms And Four-Wheel Steering (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve steering performance by allowing rear wheels to always pass outside the locus of traveling of front wheels by a prescribed value with respect to the center of turn, when steering is controlled so that the ratio of the rear-wheel steering angle with respect to the front-wheel steering angle varies according to the variation of automobile. CONSTITUTION:Right and left front wheels 1 and 1 are steered through a rack- pinion type steering mechanism by operating a steering wheel, and right and left rear wheels 7 and 7 are steered through a rack-pinion type steering mechanism by the revolution of a pulse motor 14 controlled by a controller 26. The characteristic of the rear-wheel steering ratio with respect to the car speed (ratio of rear-wheel steering-angle with respect to the front-wheel steering-angle) is memorized into the characteristic memory part 33 of the controller 26. The rear- wheel steering ratio is set so that the steering characteristic that the turning center point C on the center line perpendicular to the direction F of advance of the center G of gravity of an automobile at a certain time in turning traveling is positioned before the extension line S in the lateral direction perpendicular to the line L in the longitudinal direction of the automobile A which passes through the center G of gravity can be obtained.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (産業上の利用分野) 本発明は、自動車等の車両において前輪の転舵に応じて
後輪をも転舵制御するようにした車両の4輪操舵装置に
関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a four-wheel steering system for a vehicle such as an automobile, which controls the steering of the rear wheels in accordance with the steering of the front wheels. be.

(従来技術) 従来より、この種の車両の4輪操舵装置として、例えば
特開昭57−11173号公報に開示されているように
、前輪を転舵する前輪転舵機構と、後輪を転舵する後輪
転舵機構とを備え、前輪の転舵角および車速に応じて車
両の横すべり角が零となるように後輪転舵機構を作動制
御することにより、前輪転舵角に対する後輪転舵角特性
を車速に応じて変化させるようにしたものが知られてい
る。
(Prior Art) Conventionally, as a four-wheel steering system for this type of vehicle, a front wheel steering mechanism for steering the front wheels and a front wheel steering mechanism for steering the rear wheels have been used, for example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-11173. By controlling the operation of the rear wheel steering mechanism so that the sideslip angle of the vehicle becomes zero according to the front wheel steering angle and the vehicle speed, the rear wheel steering angle can be adjusted according to the front wheel steering angle and the vehicle speed. A vehicle whose characteristics change depending on the vehicle speed is known.

上記4輪転舵装置によれば、車両の横すべり角が零とな
るような後輪転舵特性は、低速時では前輪に対して後輪
が逆向き(逆位相)に転舵することにより旋回性能が向
上し、最小回転半径の低減を可能とし、高速時では前輪
に対して後輪が同じ向き(同位相)に転舵することによ
り操安性が向上し、レーンチェンジをスムースに行うこ
とができるものである。
According to the above-mentioned four-wheel steering device, the rear wheel steering characteristic such that the side slip angle of the vehicle is zero is such that turning performance is improved by steering the rear wheels in the opposite direction (opposite phase) to the front wheels at low speeds. This makes it possible to reduce the minimum turning radius, and at high speeds, the rear wheels are steered in the same direction (same phase) as the front wheels, improving steering stability and allowing smooth lane changes. It is something.

しかるに、上記のように車両のすべり角が零ということ
は、前輪の走行軌跡上を後輪が走行することであって、
旋回走行時の内輪差が実質的にないものである。よって
、車両の側面が前後方向に直線状であっても、旋回時に
は車両の前後輪の中間側面が前部側端の通過軌跡より旋
回中心に近い側を通過することになり、操縦者はこの距
離を見越して旋回走行を行うための操舵量を調整する必
要がある。
However, as mentioned above, the fact that the slip angle of the vehicle is zero means that the rear wheels run on the travel trajectory of the front wheels.
There is virtually no difference between the inner wheels during cornering. Therefore, even if the side of the vehicle is straight in the longitudinal direction, when turning, the middle side of the front and rear wheels of the vehicle will pass closer to the turning center than the path of the front side edge, and the driver should It is necessary to adjust the amount of steering for turning in anticipation of the distance.

(発明の目的) 本発明は上記事情に鑑み、車速の変化に対して前輪転舵
角に対する後輪転舵角の比が変化するように制aするに
ついて、常に後輪が前輪の走行軌跡より旋回中心に対し
て所定値以上外側を通るように上記前輪転舵角に対する
後輪転舵角の比を設定した車両の4輪操舵装置を提供す
ることを目的l とするものである。
(Object of the Invention) In view of the above circumstances, the present invention has been devised so that the ratio of the rear wheel steering angle to the front wheel steering angle changes in response to changes in vehicle speed, so that the rear wheels always turn from the traveling trajectory of the front wheels. It is an object of the present invention to provide a four-wheel steering system for a vehicle in which the ratio of the rear wheel steering angle to the front wheel steering angle is set so that the steering wheel passes outside the center by a predetermined value or more.

(発明の構成) 本発明の4輪操舵装置は、前輪転舵機構によりハンドル
操舵に応じて前輪を転舵する一方、前輪の転舵に応じて
後輪転舵機構により後輪を転舵するについて、後輪転舵
機構をコントローラにより制御し、その制御は前輪転舵
角に対する後輪転舵角の比が少なくとも車速の変化に応
じて変化するとともに、少なくとも極低速走行域を除く
走行域においで、車両の旋回中心点が車両重心を通る横
方向延長線より前方に位置するように前輪転舵角に対す
る後輪転舵角の比を設定したことを特徴とするものであ
る。
(Structure of the Invention) The four-wheel steering device of the present invention steers the front wheels in response to steering wheel steering by a front wheel steering mechanism, and steers the rear wheels by a rear wheel steering mechanism in response to steering of the front wheels. , the rear wheel steering mechanism is controlled by a controller, and the control is such that the ratio of the rear wheel steering angle to the front wheel steering angle changes at least in accordance with changes in vehicle speed, and at least in driving ranges other than extremely low speed driving ranges, The vehicle is characterized in that the ratio of the rear wheel steering angle to the front wheel steering angle is set so that the turning center point of the vehicle is located forward of a lateral extension line passing through the center of gravity of the vehicle.

(発明の効果) 本発明によれば、前輪転舵角に対する後輪転舵角の比を
、車両の旋回中心点が車両重心を通る横方向延長線より
前方に位置するように設定したことにより、ハンドルの
操舵にともなって旋回走行を行う場合に後輪が前輪より
外側を通るようになる。よって、旋回時には車両の前部
側端の通過軌 1跡より旋回中心に近い側を通過する車
両部分が少なくなることから、旋回走行を行うための操
舵量の調整が容易となって、コーナリング時の運転性が
向上するものである。
(Effects of the Invention) According to the present invention, by setting the ratio of the rear wheel steering angle to the front wheel steering angle so that the turning center point of the vehicle is located forward of the lateral extension line passing through the vehicle center of gravity, When the vehicle turns in response to the steering wheel, the rear wheels pass on the outside of the front wheels. Therefore, when turning, fewer parts of the vehicle pass on the side closer to the turning center than the passing trajectory 1 at the front side edge of the vehicle, making it easier to adjust the amount of steering for turning This improves the drivability of the vehicle.

(実施例) 以下、図面により本発明の詳細な説明する。(Example) Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings.

第1図は本発明の全体構成図であり、左右の前輪1,1
を転舵する前輪転舵機構2は、ステアリングハンドル3
と、該ステアリングハンドル3の回転運動を直線往復運
動に変換するラックピニオン機構4と、該ラックピニオ
ンllllI4の作動を前輪1,1に伝達してこれらを
転舵させる左右のタイロッド5,5およびナックルアー
ム6.6とから構成されている。
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of the present invention, in which left and right front wheels 1, 1
The front wheel steering mechanism 2 that steers the
, a rack and pinion mechanism 4 that converts the rotational motion of the steering handle 3 into a linear reciprocating motion, and left and right tie rods 5, 5 and knuckles that transmit the operation of the rack and pinion IllI4 to the front wheels 1, 1 to steer them. It consists of an arm 6.6.

一方、左右の後輪7.7を転舵する後輪転舵機構8は、
車体に左右方向に摺動自在に保持された後輪操作ロッド
9と、該後輪操作ロッド9の左右両端にそれぞれタイロ
ッドio、ioを介して連結された左右のナックルアー
ム11.11とを有し、上記後輪操作ロッド9の軸方向
の移動により、後輪7,7が転舵する。そして、後輪操
作ロッド9にはうツク12が形成され、該ラック12に
噛合するピニオン13がパルスモータ14により一対の
傘歯車15.16およびビニオン軸17を介して回転さ
れることにより、上記パルスモータ14の回転方向、回
転量に対応して後輪7.7を転舵する。
On the other hand, the rear wheel steering mechanism 8 that steers the left and right rear wheels 7.7,
The rear wheel operating rod 9 is slidably held on the vehicle body in the left-right direction, and left and right knuckle arms 11 and 11 are connected to both left and right ends of the rear wheel operating rod 9 via tie rods io and io, respectively. However, by the axial movement of the rear wheel operating rod 9, the rear wheels 7, 7 are steered. A rack 12 is formed on the rear wheel operating rod 9, and a pinion 13 meshing with the rack 12 is rotated by a pulse motor 14 via a pair of bevel gears 15, 16 and a pinion shaft 17, thereby causing the above-mentioned operation. The rear wheels 7.7 are steered in accordance with the direction and amount of rotation of the pulse motor 14.

また、上記後輪操作ロッド9はパワーシリンダ18を貫
通し、該パワーシリンダ18内を左右の油圧室18a、
18bに仕切るピストン19がこの後輪操作ロッド9に
固着されると共に、上記油圧室18a、18bには、ビ
ニオン軸17の周囲に設けられたコントロールバルブ2
0から導かれた油圧通路21a、21bがそれぞれ接続
され、また上記コントロールバルブ20とオイルポンプ
22との間には油圧供給通路23およびリターン通路2
4が設りられている。上記オイルポンプ22はモータ2
5によって駆動される。
Further, the rear wheel operating rod 9 passes through the power cylinder 18, and inside the power cylinder 18, the left and right hydraulic chambers 18a,
A piston 19 partitioning into the rear wheel operating rod 9 is fixed to the rear wheel operating rod 9, and a control valve 2 provided around the pinion shaft 17 is installed in the hydraulic chambers 18a and 18b.
Hydraulic passages 21a and 21b led from 0 are connected to each other, and a hydraulic supply passage 23 and a return passage 2 are connected between the control valve 20 and the oil pump 22.
4 is provided. The oil pump 22 is the motor 2
5.

上記コントロールバルブ20は、パルスモータ14の回
転時にビニオン軸17に加わる回転力に応じて作動し、
オイルポンプ22から油圧供給通路23を経て供給され
る油圧を上記回転力の方向に応じてパワーシリンダ18
のいずれか一方の油圧室18aまたは18bに導入し、
他方の油圧室18bまたは18a内の作動油をリターン
通路24を介して上記オイルポンプ22に戻すように作
用する。したがって、上記パルスモータ14により傘歯
車15,16、ビニオン軸17、ビニオン13およびラ
ック12を介して後輪操作ロッド9が軸方向に移動され
る時に、上記パワーシリンダ18内に導入された油圧が
ピストン19を介して後輪操作ロッド9の移動をアシス
トするように構成されている。
The control valve 20 operates in response to the rotational force applied to the pinion shaft 17 when the pulse motor 14 rotates,
The oil pressure supplied from the oil pump 22 through the oil pressure supply passage 23 is applied to the power cylinder 18 according to the direction of the rotational force.
into either one of the hydraulic chambers 18a or 18b,
It functions to return the hydraulic oil in the other hydraulic chamber 18b or 18a to the oil pump 22 via the return passage 24. Therefore, when the rear wheel operating rod 9 is moved in the axial direction by the pulse motor 14 via the bevel gears 15, 16, the pinion shaft 17, the pinion 13, and the rack 12, the hydraulic pressure introduced into the power cylinder 18 is It is configured to assist the movement of the rear wheel operating rod 9 via the piston 19.

上記後輪転舵機構8のパルスモータ14およびオイルポ
ンプ22の駆動用モータ25は、コントローラ26から
出力される制御信号によって作動制御される。上記コン
トローラ26には、前輪転舵機構2におけるステアリン
グハンドル3の操舵角を検出する舵角センサ27からの
舵角信号と、車速センサ28から出力される車速信号と
、車載’ 、11□□6□ヤッヶ、9カ、60、□がそ
れぞれ入力され、バッテリ電源30が接続されている。
The operation of the pulse motor 14 of the rear wheel steering mechanism 8 and the drive motor 25 of the oil pump 22 is controlled by a control signal output from a controller 26. The controller 26 receives a steering angle signal from a steering angle sensor 27 that detects the steering angle of the steering wheel 3 in the front wheel steering mechanism 2, a vehicle speed signal output from a vehicle speed sensor 28, and a vehicle installed ', 11□□6. □ Yakga, 9ka, 60, and □ are respectively input, and the battery power source 30 is connected.

なお、上記オイルポンプ22はエンジンによってベルト
駆動するようにしてもよく、また、舵角センサ27とし
ては、ステアリングハンドル3の操舵角を直接検出する
もの、もしくはラックピニオン機4ft4等の前輪2の
転舵に関連して移動する部材の移動量から検出するよう
にしてもよい。
The oil pump 22 may be belt-driven by the engine, and the steering angle sensor 27 may be one that directly detects the steering angle of the steering wheel 3, or one that directly detects the steering angle of the steering wheel 3, or one that directly detects the steering angle of the steering wheel 3, or one that detects the rotation of the front wheels 2 of a 4ft4 rack and pinion machine. It may be detected from the amount of movement of a member that moves in relation to the rudder.

次に、上記コントローラ26は第2図に示すように、前
記舵角センサ27の検出信号、車速センサ28の検出信
号および荷重センサ29の検出信号を受ける目標転舵角
演算部32を有し、この目標転舵角演算部32で特性記
憶部33に記憶された転舵特性から現在の運転状態に対
応する目標転舵角が演算される。なお、車載重量によっ
て転舵特性が変化することから、荷重センサ29の信号
に応じて転舵角補正を行うものである。
Next, as shown in FIG. 2, the controller 26 has a target steering angle calculation section 32 that receives the detection signal of the steering angle sensor 27, the detection signal of the vehicle speed sensor 28, and the detection signal of the load sensor 29, The target turning angle calculation section 32 calculates a target turning angle corresponding to the current driving state from the steering characteristics stored in the characteristic storage section 33. Note that since the steering characteristics change depending on the weight mounted on the vehicle, the steering angle is corrected according to the signal from the load sensor 29.

上記目標転舵角演算部32で算出した後輪転舵角の信号
はパルスジェネレータ34に出力され、該パルスジェネ
レータ34で後輪転舵角が目標値 1となるようにパル
スモータ14の回転方向と回転量に対応するパルス信号
をめてドライバ35に用・力し、ドライバ35はこの信
号を受けてパルスモータ14を駆動する駆動パルス信号
に変換してパルスモータ14に出力し、目標転舵角とな
るように後輪転舵機構8を駆動するものである。
The signal of the rear wheel steering angle calculated by the target steering angle calculating section 32 is output to the pulse generator 34, and the pulse generator 34 adjusts the rotation direction and rotation of the pulse motor 14 so that the rear wheel steering angle becomes the target value 1. A pulse signal corresponding to the amount is generated and applied to the driver 35, and the driver 35 receives this signal, converts it into a drive pulse signal for driving the pulse motor 14, outputs it to the pulse motor 14, and sets the target turning angle. The rear wheel steering mechanism 8 is driven so as to

上記コントローラ26の特性記憶部33に予め記憶され
ている後輪転舵特性は、第3図に実線工で示すような前
輪転舵角に対する後輪転舵角の比(後輪転舵比k)の車
速Vに対する特性が設定され・でいるものである。
The rear wheel steering characteristic stored in advance in the characteristic storage section 33 of the controller 26 is a vehicle speed at a ratio of the rear wheel steering angle to the front wheel steering angle (rear wheel steering ratio k) as shown by a solid line in FIG. The characteristics for V are set.

この後輪転舵特性は、基本的には、車速か低速から高速
に上昇するにしたがって後輪転舵比にはマイナス方向の
逆位相(前後輪が逆方向に転舵する状態)で大きな転舵
比から、転舵比がOとなるように転舵比が小さくなる方
向に移行し、中速域にて転舵比kがプラス方向の同位相
(前後輪が同方向に転舵する状態)に変わり、高速域で
は同位相で転舵比kが大きくなるように制御されるもの
である。
This rear wheel steering characteristic basically means that as the vehicle speed increases from low to high speed, the rear wheel steering ratio has a negative phase (the front and rear wheels are steered in opposite directions) and the steering ratio increases. From there, the steering ratio shifts to become smaller so that the steering ratio becomes O, and in the medium speed range, the steering ratio k reaches the same phase in the positive direction (the front and rear wheels are steered in the same direction). On the other hand, in the high speed range, the steering ratio k is controlled to be large in the same phase.

さらに、上記後輪転舵比には少なくとも極低速域を除く
走行域においては、第4図に車両の旋回走行状態(低速
域)を示すように、ある時点における車両Aの重心Gの
進行方向Fに直角な中心線上に旋回中心点Cがあり、こ
の旋回中心点Cが重心Gを通る車両Aの前後方向の線り
に直角な横方向延長線Sより前方、すなわち車両の進行
・方向側に位置するような転舵特性が得られするように
設定されているものである。この場合に、前輪1の走行
軌跡aに対し、後輪7の走行軌跡すが外側を通るように
なり、負の内輪差りが生じることになるものである。
Furthermore, at least in a driving range other than an extremely low speed range, the rear wheel steering ratio is determined by the traveling direction F of the center of gravity G of the vehicle A at a certain point in time, as shown in FIG. There is a turning center point C on a center line perpendicular to The steering characteristics are set so as to provide steering characteristics that allow the vehicle to be positioned at the desired position. In this case, the running trajectory of the rear wheels 7 passes outside of the running trajectory a of the front wheels 1, resulting in a negative difference between the inner wheels.

また、前記進行方向Fと前後方向の線りとがなす角度が
すべり角βである。そして、このすべり角βが0である
ということは、前記旋回中心点Cが横方向延長線S上に
位置することであり、その時には、前輪1の走行軌跡a
と後輪7の走行軌跡すとが一致し、内輪差りがなくなる
Further, the angle formed between the traveling direction F and the line in the front-rear direction is the slip angle β. The fact that this slip angle β is 0 means that the turning center point C is located on the lateral extension line S, and at that time, the running trajectory a of the front wheel 1 is
The running trajectory of the rear wheel 7 and the running trajectory of the rear wheel 7 match, and there is no difference between the inner wheels.

上記すべり角βの車速■に対する設定は一1第5図に示
すように、本発明(実線)の特性工では車速が増大する
のに対してすべり角βが若干小さくなるように略直線状
に設定されている。これにより、全域で略一定の負の内
輪差りが生じるものである。また、すべり角βがOとい
う特性は横軸に一致することである。さらに、鎖線で示
す特性■は、前輪のみ操舵を行う2輪操舵のものであり
、この2輪操舵においては、低速域では後輪7が内側を
通る正の内輪差が発生し、高速域では逆に後輪7が外側
を通る負の内輪差が生じるものである。
The setting of the slip angle β with respect to the vehicle speed is as shown in Fig. 5. In the characteristic construction of the present invention (solid line), the slip angle β is set in a substantially straight line so that the slip angle β becomes slightly smaller as the vehicle speed increases. It is set. This results in a substantially constant negative inner ring difference over the entire area. Further, the characteristic that the slip angle β is O is that it coincides with the horizontal axis. Furthermore, the characteristic ■ shown by the chain line is for two-wheel steering in which only the front wheels are steered, and in this two-wheel steering, a positive inner wheel difference occurs in which the rear wheels 7 pass on the inside in the low speed range, and in the high speed range Conversely, a negative inner wheel difference occurs in which the rear wheels 7 pass on the outside.

第2図に鎖線で示す後輪転舵比特性■は、車両のすべり
角がOとなるように設定したものであって、この特性に
対し、本発明の後輪転舵比特性■は、旋回中心点Cが車
両重心Gを通る横方向延長線Sより前方に位置するよう
に設定したことにより、上記比較例の特性■のものに比
べて逆位相側にずれた傾向となるものである。
The rear wheel steering ratio characteristic ■ shown by the chain line in FIG. 2 is set so that the slip angle of the vehicle is O. In contrast, the rear wheel steering ratio characteristic ■ of the present invention Since the point C is set to be located forward of the lateral extension line S passing through the vehicle center of gravity G, it tends to be shifted to the opposite phase side compared to the characteristic (2) of the comparative example.

なお、車両の旋回状態と速度との関係における走行特性
としては、重心の位置や荷重分布等の影響により旋回中
に前記すべり各βが変化し、車輌の旋回半径がだんだん
小さくなって車両の前部が内側に入るオーバーステアの
特性と、これと逆に車両の旋回半径がだんだん大きくな
って車両の前部が外側に出るアンダーステアの特性とが
あるが、本発明が対象とする4輪操舵装置の基本的特性
としては上記オーバーステアの特性を有し、これに4輪
操舵の機能を持たせるようにするのが好ましい。すなわ
ち、ハンドル操舵スピードが大きい時にはオーバーステ
アのものがアンダーステアのものより車両の動きが少な
く、収束性が高いものであり、一方、4輪操舵機能は上
記ハンドル操舵スピードと車両の動きの大きさとの関係
において共振点かあって、ハンドル操舵スピードが大き
い領域で不安定な状態が発生する恐れがあることから、
この領域において収束性の大きいオーバーステア特性に
設定しておくと、上記4輪操舵の不安定さが解消される
ことになって好ましい。特に、直線からカーブを走行し
て直線状態に戻る際などにおけるハンドル操舵時の車両
の動きの収束性が良好でおさまりが良く、高速走行時の
安定性が向上するものである。 i 一方、第5図に示す本発明のすべり角βの車速に対する
特性において、実線■で示したようなすべり角βが略一
定となるような後輪転舵比にの設定の他に、高速域から
低速域に移行するにかけてすべり角βが大Mくなるよう
にして、低速時における負の内輪差りを大きくし、後輪
7が前輪1よりかなり外側を通るように設定してもよい
。この場合には、操舵量が大きく旋回半径が特に小さい
場合でも、車両の全体が必ず車両の前部が通過した範囲
より外側を通るようにして、車両の前部が通過すればそ
れより後方部分は何ら注意することなく通過できるよう
になり、旋回運転性の向上が図れるものである。
In addition, as for the driving characteristics in relation to the turning state and speed of the vehicle, the aforementioned slip β changes during turning due to the influence of the center of gravity position, load distribution, etc., and the turning radius of the vehicle gradually becomes smaller, causing the vehicle to move forward. There is an oversteer characteristic in which the front part of the vehicle moves inward, and an understeer characteristic in which the turning radius of the vehicle gradually increases and the front part of the vehicle moves outward. It is preferable that the basic characteristic of the vehicle is the above-mentioned oversteer characteristic, and that this is also provided with a four-wheel steering function. In other words, when the steering wheel steering speed is high, oversteer causes less vehicle movement and higher convergence than understeer.On the other hand, the four-wheel steering function is based on the relationship between the steering wheel speed and the magnitude of vehicle movement. Because there is a resonance point in the relationship, there is a risk that an unstable state may occur in the region where the steering wheel steering speed is high.
It is preferable to set the oversteer characteristic to have a high degree of convergence in this region, since this will eliminate the instability of the four-wheel steering described above. In particular, when the vehicle moves from a straight line to a curve and returns to a straight line, the convergence of the movement of the vehicle when the steering wheel is steered is good and well controlled, and stability during high-speed driving is improved. i On the other hand, in the characteristics of the slip angle β according to the present invention shown in FIG. It is also possible to set the slip angle β to become large M as the vehicle moves from the vehicle to the low speed range, thereby increasing the negative inner wheel difference at low speeds, so that the rear wheels 7 pass considerably outside the front wheels 1. In this case, even if the amount of steering is large and the turning radius is particularly small, the entire vehicle must always pass outside the range that the front of the vehicle has passed, and if the front of the vehicle has passed, the portion behind it must be The vehicle can now be passed without any caution, improving turning maneuverability.

また、上記実施例では後輪転舵機構8に油圧によって後
輪7の転舵をアシストするいわゆるパワーステアリング
機構を採用して、パルスモータ14による転舵動作を確
実にしているが、他の方式の後輪転舵機構を採用しても
よい。
Further, in the above embodiment, a so-called power steering mechanism that assists the steering of the rear wheels 7 using hydraulic pressure is employed in the rear wheel steering mechanism 8 to ensure the steering operation by the pulse motor 14, but other systems may be used. A rear wheel steering mechanism may be adopted.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明の一実施例による構成を明示するための
車両の4輪操舵装置の全体構成図、第2図はコントロー
ラのブロック図、 第3図はコントローラに設定される後輪転舵特性の一例
を比較例とともに示す特性図、第4図は車両の旋回走行
状態における車両の動きを示す説明図、 第5図は車速に対する車両のすべり角の設定特性を比較
例とともに示す特性図である。 1・・・・・・前輪 2・・・・・・前輪転舵機構3・
・・・・・ステアリングハンドル 7・・・・・・後輪 8・・・・・・後輪転舵機構14
・・・・・・パルスモータ 26・・・・・・コントロ
ーラ27・・・・・・舵角センサ 28・・・・・・車
速センサ32・・・・・・目標転舵角演算部 33・・・・・・特性記憶部 C・・・・・・旋回中心点 G・・・・・・車両重心S
・・・・・・横方向延長線
Fig. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a four-wheel steering system for a vehicle to clarify the configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the controller, and Fig. 3 is a rear wheel steering characteristic set in the controller. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the movement of the vehicle in a turning state, and FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the setting characteristics of the slip angle of the vehicle with respect to vehicle speed, together with a comparative example. . 1...Front wheel 2...Front wheel steering mechanism 3.
... Steering handle 7 ... Rear wheel 8 ... Rear wheel steering mechanism 14
...Pulse motor 26 ... Controller 27 ... Rudder angle sensor 28 ... Vehicle speed sensor 32 ... Target steering angle calculation section 33. ... Characteristics memory section C ... Turning center point G ... Vehicle center of gravity S
・・・・・・lateral extension line

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)ハンドル操舵に応じて前輪を転舵する前輪転舵機
構と、この前輪の転舵に応じて後輪を転舵する後輪転舵
機構とを備えてなる車両の4輪操舵装置であって、後輪
転舵機構は前輪転舵角に対する後輪転舵角の比が少なく
とも車速の変化に応じて変化するようにコントローラに
より制御されており、このコントローラは、少なくとも
極低速走行域を除く走行域において、車両の旋回中心点
が車両重心を通る横方向延長線より前方に位置するよう
に上記前輪転舵角に対する後輪転舵角の比が設定されて
いることを特徴とする車両の4輪操舵装置。
(1) A four-wheel steering system for a vehicle comprising a front wheel steering mechanism that steers the front wheels in response to steering wheel steering, and a rear wheel steering mechanism that steers the rear wheels in response to steering of the front wheels. The rear wheel steering mechanism is controlled by a controller so that the ratio of the rear wheel steering angle to the front wheel steering angle changes at least in accordance with changes in vehicle speed, and this controller is controlled at least in driving ranges excluding extremely low speed driving ranges. , wherein the ratio of the rear wheel steering angle to the front wheel steering angle is set so that the turning center point of the vehicle is located forward of a lateral extension line passing through the center of gravity of the vehicle. Device.
JP11610784A 1984-06-06 1984-06-06 4-wheel steering apparatus for automobile Granted JPS60259572A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP11610784A JPS60259572A (en) 1984-06-06 1984-06-06 4-wheel steering apparatus for automobile

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP11610784A JPS60259572A (en) 1984-06-06 1984-06-06 4-wheel steering apparatus for automobile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS60259572A true JPS60259572A (en) 1985-12-21
JPH05273B2 JPH05273B2 (en) 1993-01-05

Family

ID=14678864

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP11610784A Granted JPS60259572A (en) 1984-06-06 1984-06-06 4-wheel steering apparatus for automobile

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS60259572A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4786066A (en) * 1987-02-05 1988-11-22 Mazda Motor Corporation Rear wheels steering apparatus for vehicles
US5143400A (en) * 1989-08-10 1992-09-01 Michelin Recherche Et Technique Active toe adjustment apparatus

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4786066A (en) * 1987-02-05 1988-11-22 Mazda Motor Corporation Rear wheels steering apparatus for vehicles
US5143400A (en) * 1989-08-10 1992-09-01 Michelin Recherche Et Technique Active toe adjustment apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH05273B2 (en) 1993-01-05

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